考研英语语法考点详解 连词辨析(because,since,as和for)
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考研英语语法考点详解连词辨析(because,since,as和for)
because、since、as和for均可表示“原因”,其中because、since 和as均为从属连词,用于引导原因状语从句,而for为并列连词,用于连接并列句。
1.从属连词because强调直接原因,所指原因通常是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的,语气最强,通常置于主句后,用于回答why引出的问题。because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。例如:
•I prefer classical music because it makes me feel relaxed.
我更喜欢古典音乐,因为它令我感到放松。
•It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. 阅读是作者和读者之间的一种给予与索取,因此它与当下以及一个人对当下的贡献有关。
2.从属连词since语气较because弱,常表示已知的、显然的理由,常译为“既然”。since引导的从句通常置于主句之前,重点强调主句的内容,相当于now (that)。例如:
•Since you have repaired my TV set, there is no need for me to buy a new one. 既然你把我的电视机修好了,我就没有必要买新的了。
•We thought that, since we were in the area, we’d stop by and see them. 我们想,既然到了这个地方,就该顺便去看看他们。
3.从属连词as引导原因状语从句时,表示双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,用法与since大致相同,但语气更弱,没有since正式。例如:
•I don’t enjoy watching TV with my brother as he always switches over to the programs that he wants to watch. 我不喜欢和我弟弟一起看电视,因为他总是切换到他想看的节目。•They have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 它们产生了实际的影响,因为它们导致了稀缺资源被错误使用。
4.并列连词for表原因时,不表示第一个分句行为的直接原因,只是提供一些补充说明,且for连接的第二个分句不可置于第一个分句前。例如:
•Now I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land. 现在,我很自豪地领来访者参观监狱,因为我帮助我们的人民在自己的土地上获得了自由。
•Nowadays, there is a sharp increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents. 如今,孩子们的创造力有了极大的提高,因为他们受到极大的鼓励去发展自己的才能。
so…that...中的so为副词,其后跟形容词或副词;而such...that...中的such为形容词,其后接名词(短语),它们的结构分别为:
1.so+形容词/副词+that从句;例如:
I was so upset that I almost cried. 我难过得几乎哭了出来。
It was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.雨下得太大了,以至于我们不禁想知道还要多久才能到达那里。
2.so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句;例如:
He is so clever a boy that all his teachers like him. 他是一个很聪明的男孩,以至于所有的老师都喜欢他。
It is so interesting a film that we all want to see it again. 这是一部如此有趣的电影,以至于我们都想再看一遍。
3.such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句;例如:
He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him. 他突然停下来,以至于我们差点儿撞到他。
A company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist. 一家公司展示了一种新的语音技术,该技术能够产生令人信服的人声,从而可以与接待员通话。
4.such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句;例如:
Slave ships carried slaves over from Africa, keeping them in such terrible conditions that many died during the long sea journey. 奴隶船把奴隶从非洲运过来,让他们处在非常恶劣的条件下,以致许多人在漫长的海上旅程中死去。
It was such loud music that we couldn’t hear ourselves speak. 音乐太吵了,以致我们听不见自己说话。
1.till与until用于引导时间状语从句,意为“直到……为止”。当主句为肯定句时,谓语动词须用延续性动词,表示主句的动作一直延续到till/until所表示的时间为止; 当主句为否定句时,谓语动词须用非延续性动词,表示主句的动作到till/until所表示的时间才发生。例如:
•Wait till you are old enough, dear. 等你长大了再说吧,亲爱的。