综合英语第三册unit-2 课后答案

Section Four Consolidation Activities
I. Vocabulary
1. Word Derivation
1) widow n.→ widowed a.
①她守寡十年了。

She has been a widow for ten years.
②一个寡母要抚养四个孩子长大成人确实不易。

It’s really not easy for a widowed mother to rear up four children.
2)nerve n.→ nervous a.→ nerveless a.
①当赛车手要有胆量。

It takes nerve to be a racing driver.
②她胆怯地一笑。

She gave a nervous laugh.
③刀子从她那无力的手中落下。

The knife fell from her nerveless fingers.
3)precise a.→precision n. → precisely adv.
①那东西正好在她遗落的那个地点找到了。

It was found at the precise spot where she had left it.
②你的报告不够准确。

Y our report lacks precision.
③那正是我的意思。

That is precisely what I mean.
4)compete v.→ competitive a.→ competition n.
①几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。

Several companies are competing (against/with each other) for the contract/to gain the contract.
②我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势。

Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets.
③他获诗歌比赛第一名。

He came first in the poetry competition.
5)execute v.→ execution n.
①他因叛国罪被处死。

He was executed for treason.
②这些计划最终得以实施。

The plans were finally put into execution.
6) preside v.→ president n.→ presidency n.
①首相主持内阁会议。

The Prime Minister presides at meetings of the Cabinet.
②他被任命为板球俱乐部会长。

He was made president of the cricket club.
③他获选连任总统。

He was elected to a second presidency.
7)marry v.→ marital a.→ marriage n.
①哪位牧师来为他们主持婚礼?
Which priest is going to marry them?
②拉丽莎40几岁，徐娘半老，爱喝酒，婚姻也不如意。

A fading woman in her 40s, Larisa had both drinking and marital problems.
③她的第一次婚姻维持了五年。

Her first marriage ended after five years.
8) company n.→ accompany v.→ companion n.
①观其友则知其人。

Y ou may know a man by the company he keeps.
②我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。

I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.
③狗是忠实的伙伴。

A dog is a faithful companion.
2. Phrase Practice
1) The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a fatal disease. Thousands of people in Asia have ________ it in the past two years. died of
die of:stop living or come to the end of one’s life because of some disease
e.g.
现在有很多人死于癌症。

Nowadays many people die of cancer.
2)Chinese fans often have to ________ to watch the live transmission of European football
matches. stay up
stay up: remain awake; not go to bed
e.g.
她答应孩子们可以晚点儿睡，看他们最喜爱的电视节目。

She promised the children they could stay up for their favourite TV programme.
3)Sometimes I don’t understand Jeremy; he seems to have hurt the feelings of everyone who
________ him including his wife. cares for
care for: like or love
e.g.
他深深地爱着她。

He cares for her deeply.
4)I doubt that they are able to get the problems ________ before the deadline. straightened out straighten out:deal with a problem or a confused situation and make it better, especially by organizing things
e.g.
我们会把情况弄清的。

We’ll get the case straightened out.
5)It was curious that the children should have ________ their grandparents easily from the old
photographs. picked out
pick out:recognize sb. or sth. in a group of people or things
e.g.
很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。

It’s easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall.
3. Synonym / Antonym
1. He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at 3:00 a.m. Sunday morning.
●Synonym: ___ exactly _
2.It said that he died of a coronary thrombosis —I think that was it —but everyone
among his friends and acquaintances knew it instantly.
●Synonym: __ immediately _
3.He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they said to each other and shook their
heads —and thought for five or ten minutes about the way they lived.
●Antonyms: __ slacker, idler, loafer
4.He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old, a good woman of no particular
marketable skills, who worked in an office before marrying and mothering.
●Synonym: _ outlived _
5.In the day and a half before the funeral, he went around the neighborhood researching
his father, asking the neighbors what he was like. They were embarrassed.
●Synonyms:__ disconcerted, abashed _
6.At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president told the forty-eight-year-old widow
that the fifty-one-year-old deceased had meant much to the company and would be
missed and would be hard to replace.
●Antonym: _ living
7.Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard.
●Antonyms: _ underweight; slim _
8.Y ou could have picked him out in a minute from a lineup.
●Synonym: _ queue
II. Grammar
1) Present perfect
The present perfect simple tense an action that is still going on or that has stopped recently, but still has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.
Use of present perfect
●putting emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.
●the action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.
●the action that has stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner.
●the finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have lost my key.
●the action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of
speaking
Example: I have never been to Australia.
2) Present Perfect Progressive
The present perfect progressive expresses an action that has recently stopped or is still going on. It puts emphasis on the duration or course of the action.
Use of present perfect progressive
●putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result)
Example: She has been writing for two hours.
●the action that has recently stopped or is still going on
Example: I have been living here since 2001.
●the finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have been working all afternoon.
The present perfect progressive focuses on the course of the activity or event which may or may not be finished. The present perfect focuses on the result of the activity or event, or just the fact that something has been achieved.
Practice
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: present perfect or present perfect progressive.
1)I’m pleased to say that the team __________ (play) well all season.
2)In recent years, the company __________ (put) a lot of money into developing advanced
technology.
3)They _______ (pull) down most of the houses in this street, but they ________ (not touch)
the old shop at the corner yet.
4)I ________ (wait) for the prices of the houses to come down, but I think I _______ (wait) too
long and the prices are beginning to go up again.
5)I _______ (just pick) ten pounds of strawberries! I ______ (grow) strawberries for years but I
______ (never have) such a good crop before.
6)It was lovely at eleven o’clock, but since then the sky ______ (get) steadily darker and the
wind _______ (rise). I’m afraid the fine spell ______ (come) to an end.
7)Peter ______ (be) a junior clerk for three years. Lately he ______ (look) for a better post but
so far he _______ (not find) anything.
8)Ann ______ (fail) her driving test three times because she’s so bad at reversing. But she
______ (get) a bit better at it.
Keys
1)have been playing / have played (We can use either the present perfect progressive or the
present perfect to talk about the activities or events that are repeated again and again until
now.)
2)has been putting / has put
3)have pulled down, haven’t touched
4)have been waiting, have waited
5)have just picked, have grown / have been growing, have never had
6)has been getting / has got, has been rising / has risen, has come (We can use either the present
perfect progressive or the present perfect to talk about an action which began in the past and is still continuing or has just finished.)
7)has been, has been looking, hasn’t found
8)has failed, has been practicing, has got
III. T ranslation
1我的顶头上司是一个典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10个小时以上。

(workaholic) Explanation
A workaholic is a person who works obsessively and finds it difficult to stop.
Translation
My immediate boss is a typical workaholic, for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round.
Practice
①许多日本人都是工作狂。

Many Japanese people are workaholics.
②他终生醉心于工作，天天从早画到晚。

He was a lifelong workaholic, who painted dawn to dusk seven days a week.
2. 校长十分注重课外活动。

他认为，课外活动有助于培养学生对外部世界的浓厚兴趣。

(extracurricular)
Explanation
Extracurricular activities are the part outside the regular course of work or studies at a school or college
Translation
The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students’ tremendous interest in the external world.
Practice
她参加了许多课外活动，如音乐﹑运动﹑戏剧。

She’s involved in many extracurricular activities, such as music, sport and drama.
3. 星期一早上，他总是快速冲个澡，胡乱吃块三明治，接着赶着搭出租车去上班。

(grab) Explanation
To grab sth. means to have or take (sth.), esp. in a casual or hasty manner.
Translation
He always grabs a shower, a sandwich and then a taxi to go to work every Monday morning. Practice
①咱们赶快吃点三明治就去看电视吧。

Let’s grab a quick sandwich and watch TV.
②随便找个地方坐，别客气。

Grab a seat and make yourself at home.
4. 没有什么能够取代内心深处最深切的爱。

(replace)
Explanation
replace sb. / sth.: take the place of (sb. / sth.)
Translation
Nothing can replace the profoundest love in one’s heart of hearts.
Practice
①机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人。

Robots are replacing people on assembly lines.
②有什么东西能代替母爱吗?
Can anything replace a mother’s love?
5. 他被认为是总裁职位的当然人选，因为他已经做了近十年出色的副总裁。

(natural n.) Explanation
natural: person considered ideally suited for a role, a job, an activity, etc
Translation
He is considered a natural for the post of the president, for he has been an excellent vice-president for almost ten years.
Practice
①他是李尔王这一角色的理想人选。

He’s a natural for the role of Lear.
②她不用学跑步技巧，她天生就擅长跑步。

She doesn’t have to learn how to run: she’s a natural.
IV. Exercises for Integrated Skills
1. Dictation
Everyone is under some pressure / in the workplace. / Some external pressures / can be a positive factor, / helping us to be more productive. / Some people actually thrive / under short-term added pressure, / and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term demands. / Hormones are released to prepare us / for a “fight or flight” response / to demanding situations. / However, excessive and prolonged stress / can take its toll, / producing a range of physical and emotional health problems, / which have come to be grouped as “work-rela ted stress”. / The experience of stress is different for every person. / Some people are affected more than others, / so what is stressful for one person / may not be stressful for another. / It can depend on your personality type / and on how you have learned to respond to pressure.
2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
Americans average 25.1 working (1) ________ per person in working age per week, but the Germans average 18.6 hours. The average American works 46.2 weeks per year, (2) ________ the French average 40 weeks per year. Why do western Europeans work so much (3) ________ than Americans? Recent work argues that these differences result (4) ________ higher European tax rates, but the vast empirical labor supply literature suggests that tax rates can (5) ________ only a
small amount of the differences in hours between the U.S. and Europe. Another popular view is that these differences are explained (6) ________ long-standing European “culture,” yet Europeans worked more than Americans as (7) ________ as the 1960s. We believe that European labor market regulations, advocated by unions in declining European industries who argued “work less, work all” explain the bulk of the (8) ________ between the U.S. and Europe. These policies do not seem to have increased employment, but they may have had a more society-wide (9) ________ on leisure patterns because of a social multiplier where the returns to leisure increase as more people are (10) ________ longer vacations.
Keys
(1) hours (2) while (3) less (4) from (5) explain
(6) by (7) late (8) difference (9) influence (10) taking。