初中英语定语从句笔记
初中定语从句笔记
初中定语从句笔记定语从句是英语中的一个重要语法结构,它可以用来修饰名词、代词或者名词性短语,起到限定或者补充说明的作用。
掌握定语从句的使用方法对于学习英语来说非常关键。
本文将对初中定语从句进行详细笔记,以帮助同学们更好地理解和运用这一语法结构。
一、什么是定语从句定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的一个从句,用来修饰名词、代词或者名词性短语。
定语从句通常在句中位于被修饰词的后面,用来进一步解释和限定这个词的含义。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词包括that, who, whom, whose, which等。
它们分别代表不同的对象,根据被修饰词的不同而选择相应的关系代词。
1. 关系代词that关系代词that可用来修饰人和物,用来引导定语从句时可以省略。
例句1: The boy that is standing over there is my brother.翻译: 那个站在那边的男孩是我的弟弟。
例句2: This is the book that I bought yesterday.翻译: 这是我昨天买的书。
2. 关系代词who/whom关系代词who用来修饰人作为主语,而whom用于修饰人作为宾语。
在现代英语中,whom的使用较少,一般情况下我们都用who代替。
例句1: The girl who is playing the piano is my sister.翻译: 正在弹钢琴的女孩是我的妹妹。
例句2: The boy whom I met yesterday is a famous actor.翻译: 我昨天遇见的男孩是一位著名的演员。
3. 关系代词whose关系代词whose表示所有关系,用来修饰人或物。
相对于汉语中的“的”,它在定语从句中通常出现在被修饰词的后面。
例句1: This is the house whose roof is red.翻译: 这是那座屋顶是红色的房子。
初中英语知识点总结定语从句
初中英语知识点总结定语从句1.定语从句用来修饰限定名词,一般放在被修饰名词之后。
2. 引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as等。
关系代词的用法:1. that:指代人或物,常用于非限定性定语从句。
e.g. The book that I bought is very interesting.2. which:指代物,用于非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句。
e.g. The camera, which is very expensive, belongs to my friend.The camera which belongs to my friend is very expensive.3. who:指代人,用于限定性定语从句。
e.g. The girl who is playing basketball is my sister.4. whom:指代人,用于限定性定语从句,作为宾语时用。
e.g. The boy whom I met yesterday is from America.5. whose:指代人或物,表示所有关系,用于限定性定语从句。
e.g. The man whose car was stolen reported to the police.6. as:指代人或物,用于非限定性定语从句。
e.g. She bought a new dress, as I expected.注意事项:1.关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时,可以省略,但在宾语位置不能省略。
e.g. I know the boy who/that broke the window.The girl (who/whom/that/which) I met yesterday is my classmate.2. 关系代词在宾语位置时,如果是指人,可以用"whom"来代替"who"。
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which which whose of which人、物 that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the firstyear of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
定语从句笔记归纳1
定语从句笔记归纳1一、定义定语从句是一种与主句形成逻辑上的完整意义的从句,它的功能是修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或其他形式。
它以关系副词(关系代词)或关系介词开头,然后接一完整的从句。
二、种类1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有 who, whom, which, that 和 whose 五种,分别引导三类定语从句:人称定语从句、物主定语从句和指示定语从句等。
(1)人称定语从句从句中的关系代词 who 或 whose 用于指人,引导定语从句时可替换主句中的名词或代词;whom 用于宾格;由 whose 引导的定语从句,可修饰名词或代词,一般与 of which 等省略句等形式媲美;由 which, that 和 what 等引导的定语从句,可指示主句中的人或物。
在疑问句中使用 that 引导的定语从句,一般是陈述句的意思。
关系介词主要有 in which, at which, on which, to which, from which, with which, by which 等,这些介词后加完整的从句形成关系介词短语,作主句中名词或代词的定语,可改变其后加从句时只有在定语从句中才能正确表达的意思。
三、特殊状况(1)当主句含有几个并列的定语时,如果定语从句修饰的名词是前面的几个定语的总称,仍然用 which 引导定语从句;(2)在强调句中,定语从句修饰的名词大多用 that 引导;(4)在并列连词或关系副词前,非限定性定语从句用 which 引导,限定性定语从句则用 that 引导;(5)在分词引导的定语从句中,分词前一般有关系副词,定语从句中可以有一个所修饰的名词,也可以没有;(6)不定式引导的定语从句由to do 引导,定语从句修饰的名词放在不定式前。
定语从句笔记汇总
定语从句1.概述:在复合句中修饰某一名词和代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词和代词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。
引导定于从句的是关系代词that , which , who(whom,whose )和关系副词when, where, why .关系代词和关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它即起连接作用,又充当从句的一个成分,含定语从句的的复合句基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
2.种类:定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句是句子不可缺少的组成部分,如果没有从句先行词的意义就不明确或不完整,主句也不完整。
非限制性定语从句是主句先行词的补充说明,没有从句不影响主句意思的明确和完整,这种从句用逗号与主句分开,引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词用which ,who ,不用that。
而限制性定语从句的引导词是who , whom ,whose , that ,which , where, when, why 等。
我们这里要讲的是限制性定语从句。
3. 引导词(1)who引导的定语从句:修饰表示人的先行词,在从句中作主语或宾语,作动词宾语时用whom,而且常被省略,在口语中常用who 代替whom。
This is the English teacher who teaches my son . the man who/whom I saw just now is Mr Hu.(2) which 引导的定语从句:修饰表示事物的先行词,在句中充当主语宾语表语。
He is reading a book which is about war . he is reading a book which he bought from London .注意:which与介词搭配使用,介词可放在which之前,若是固定词组一般不可拆开。
The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now is Lu Xun Museum .This is the magazine which you are looking for .(3)that 引导的定语从句:一般情况下,that可以指人或物,可以代替who, whom ,which 在句子中做主语或谓语动词的宾语。
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which which whose of which人、物 that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。
定语从句 笔记整理
定语从句授课人:Prof. WoodenPart 1 定语从句定义及概述什么是定语从句?(1)定语从句:在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词。
(3)关系词:分为关系代词和关系副词,在从句中担当一定成分。
will never forget the girl(先行词)that(关系词)I met yesterday in the street(定语从句). ※定语从句两个必须★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分;★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。
Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词that的用法用法:既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时常可省略。
1)This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语,指物)2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作主语,指人)3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作宾语,指物)※关系代词that的特权和禁区1. 特权:行使特权的条件:(1)限定性定语从句(即从句前无逗号);(2)介词没有提前。
2. 禁区:有两种情况下,关系代词不会用that,指物时用which;指人时用who/whom。
(1)非限定性定于从句(即从句前有逗号);(2)介词提前时。
2.关系代词which的用法用法:指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时常可省略。
1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主语)2)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. (作宾语)※只用that 不用which的情况:(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。
定语从句笔记
定语从句笔记一、定义定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法●that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)●which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is our school.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是我们的学校。
(作主语)The film (which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)●who,whom用于指人,who是主格,在定语从句中作主语,whom是宾格,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。
例如:The teacher who is talking with my father is Mr Wang.正在和我爸爸谈话的那位老师是王老师。
定语从句专项笔记总结
定语从句专项笔记总结定语从句专项笔记总结定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句,是一种形容词性的从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
1.关系代词:who whom whose which that关系代词引导从句,代替先行词,在从句中充当一个成分,如:主语、宾语、定语等,所以在作主语时,动词的数要和先行词的数保持一致。
who----可作主语、宾语,作主语时,只能用who, who作宾语时是非正式This is the man who helped me.whom---作宾语(正式用法),在介词后只能用whom人 This is the man whom I met in the street yesterday. (正式用法)This is the man who I met in the street yesterday. (非正式用法)whose-who的属格形式,用来指人,也可以用来指物that--- 可代替who ,whomWhich----可作主语,宾语物 eg. The watch which was lost has been found.eg. The fish (which) we bought were not freshthat-------可作主语,宾语eg. The letter that I receive was from my father.当关系代词充当介词宾语时,可以把介词提前,也可以不提前,但是在含有介词的动词固定搭配中,介词只能放在原来的位置eg. This is the teacher whom he worked with .This is the teacher with whom he worked .eg. This is the book for which you asked.This is the book which you asked for.eg. This is the pen which he has been looking for. (look for词组中for不能提前)先行词是人时,常用who而不用that 的情况:a. 关系代词在从句中作主语时,多用who,eg. I will pardon him who is honest.b. 先行词为 all one ones anyone those 等时,eg. All who heard the news were excited.c. 在以there be 开头的句子中,eg. There is a girl who wants to see you.d. 当先行词后有较长的修饰语时,eg. He met a boy in the street yesterday who could speak English fluently.先行词指物的特殊情况:1.必须用that的情况:a. 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时,eg. This is the first job that I have taken up.This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.b. 先行词是不定代词,something somebody nothing anything 等或是 all little much 时,eg. There is something that I want to tell you.c. 先行词被all any every each few little no some much only none both either neither 等修饰时,eg. I have read all the books that you lent me.d. 先行词被the only, the last, the very…修饰时,eg. This is the only method we can use.e. 先行词又有人又有物时,eg. They talked about things and persons that they know in the school.f. 主句以who 或which开头时,eg. Who is the old man that speak to you just now ?g. 先行词指物时,且在There be 句型引导的定语从句中,eg. There is a house that has three windows.h. 关系代词作表语时,eg. China is no longer the place that it used to be.2. 必须用which 的情况:a. 个非限制性定语从句,b. 句子末尾的介词提前时,只能用which,c. 关系代词后有插入语时,eg. This is the book which, as I have told you, will help you to improve your English.(这就是我跟你说过的,能帮你学好英语的那本书。
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记定语从句是英语中的一个重要语法结构,用来修饰名词或代词,表示一个名词或代词的性质、特征、状态或情况。
下面是英语定语从句知识点的总结笔记:1. 定语从句的位置:定语从句通常放在被修饰词的后面,而且定语从句和被修饰词之间用冒号或连接词隔开。
2. 定语从句的类型:有两种定语从句:关系代词定语从句和关系副词定语从句。
关系代词定语从句用来修饰名词,而关系副词定语从句用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
3. 定语从句的规则:定语从句有两个基本规则:a. 用来描述名词或代词:定语从句只能用来描述名词或代词,不能用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
b. 位置规则:定语从句应该放在被修饰词的后面,而且定语从句和被修饰词之间用冒号或连接词隔开。
4. 关系代词的用法:关系代词用来替代名词或代词,例如:a. her:代替名词“她”。
b. him:代替名词“他”。
c. us:代替名词“我们”。
5. 关系副词的用法:关系副词用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,例如:a. because:因为。
b. however:然而。
c. even:即使。
d. never:从来不。
6. 举例说明:例如:a. The book that you have been reading is very interesting.(你所读的那本书非常有趣。
)b. The man who I met in the store is my friend.(我在商店遇到的那个男人是我朋友。
)c. The car that you drive is a beautiful one.(你驾驶的那辆车非常漂亮。
)以上是英语定语从句知识点的总结笔记,希望对你有所帮助。
初中英语定语从句知识点总结归纳
初中英语定语从句知识点总结归纳1. 定语从句是在句子中作定语的从句,用来修饰和限定名词或代词。
2. 关系代词:- 关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,代替先行词。
- 关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, where, when等。
3. 关系副词:- 关系副词在定语从句中作状语,修饰先行词。
- 关系副词有:where, when, why, how等。
4. 定语从句的引导词的选择:- 条件:如果先行词是人,用关系代词who或关系副词where 可以引导定语从句;如果先行词是物,用关系代词that或关系副词where可以引导定语从句。
- 结构:如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,用关系代词that 或关系副词where;如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词who或which或关系副词where。
- 所有格:如果先行词是人,用关系代词whose可以引导定语从句;如果先行词是物,用关系代词of which可以引导定语从句。
5. 定语从句的位置:- 当定语从句修饰的是句子中的主语时,定语从句放在主句后面;- 当定语从句修饰的是句子中的宾语时,定语从句放在主句后面;- 当定语从句修饰的是句子中的宾语补足语时,定语从句放在主句后面;- 当定语从句修饰的是句子中的表语时,定语从句放在主句后面;- 当定语从句修饰的是句子中的状语时,定语从句放在主句前面或主句后面。
6. 注意点:- 不可省略的情况:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不能省略;关系副词在定语从句中作状语时,不能省略。
- 可以省略的情况:当定语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略定语从句中的关系代词that或关系副词where。
7. 示例:- The boy who is reading a book is my brother. (关系代词who在定语从句中作主语)- The pen that I bought yesterday is missing. (关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语)- This is the place where I was born. (关系副词where在定语从句中作状语)参考以上内容,可以帮助你更好地理解和运用初中英语中的定语从句知识点。
暑期备课笔记-初三英语第15讲:定语从句(教师版)
第15讲定语从句(不用添加内容,任课老师根据学生情况自行添加)(不用添加内容,也不做修改)一、定语从句定语:定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的词。
定语从句:复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,在句中作定语。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.由who, whom, that ,whose引导的从句,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可以作主语也可以作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物,whose用来指人或物,只用作定语。
2.由which,that引导的从句,which作主语、宾语指物,作宾语可以省略。
三、关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间在定语从句做时间状语也可做连接词用2.where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语,用在reason后面。
四、需要注意的问题1.that和which的选择2.介词+关系代词和关系副词1.关系代词和关系副词的选择;2.关系代词that和which的选择。
(任课老师根据学生情况自行添加)一、单选考点一:关系代词的选择1.Many young people love the songs_______ have great lyrics.A.WhoB. thoseC. whichD. whose2.The man ______ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom考点二:关系代词与关系副词的选择3.Without friendship, one can’t be happy although he is tich enough. As for me, I will neverforget the days ______ I spend with my dearest friend.A.whichB. whenC. whoD. whom4. Disney is an amusement park _____you can find all the normal attractions and Disney moviesand characters.A.which B.where C.that D.when考点三:关系代词which与that的选择5. You are the only person_____ I’ve never met who could do it.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which6. Mary did well in her study, _____made her mother proud.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. whomKeys: 1-6 CBABCA解析:1.先行词为the songs为物,定语从句中缺少主语,故选which,答案为C。
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记英语定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,用于修饰名词或代词。
以下是关于英语定语从句的知识点总结笔记:1. 定语从句的定义:定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,它提供额外的信息来描述或限制先行词的意义。
2. 关系词:定语从句中常用的关系词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
3. 关系词的用法:●that: 用来引导限定性定语从句,修饰人或物。
●which: 用来引导非限定性定语从句,修饰事物。
●who/whom: 用来引导限定性或非限定性定语从句,修饰人。
●whose: 用来引导限定性或非限定性定语从句,修饰所有格。
●when: 用来引导时间定语从句。
●where: 用来引导地点定语从句。
4. 关系词的省略:当关系词在从句中作宾语且在从句中有明确的先行词时,关系词可以被省略。
5. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句:●限定性定语从句是对先行词进行必要的限制和修饰,如果去掉定语从句,整个句子的意思会有所改变。
●非限定性定语从句是对先行词进行附加的说明或补充,如果去掉定语从句,整个句子的意思仍然完整。
6. 先行词的位置:定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。
7. 关系副词的用法:when, where和why可以引导时间、地点和原因定语从句。
8. 注意点:●在定语从句中,人用who/whom,物用which/that。
●当关系词修饰整个主句时,用which,而不用that。
●在非限定性定语从句中,关系词前要有逗号。
以上是关于英语定语从句的一些基本知识点总结。
掌握这些知识点,可以帮助你正确理解和运用定语从句,使你的英语表达更加准确和流畅。
定语从句知识记录
定语从句1.相关概念:定语从句是在复合句中充当定语的从句,它的英文是adjective clause,直译是形容词性从句。
定语从句在句子中的作用是限定修饰名词。
2主要知识点:①关系词(关系代词/关系副词);②关系词的特殊情况;③特殊关系词:介词+ which/whom,whose,as,数量词+of which/whom;④限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句3.内容详解:⑴关系词:知识点补充:①先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或者代词。
②关系词:引导定语从句的词。
也可充当句子成分。
③as做关系代词引导定语从句。
用在such, same, as等之后引导限制性定语从句。
引导非限制性定语从句时可在主句之前、之后或中间。
且主从句要用逗号隔开。
关系代词:例句:②作主语The girl who/that is wearing white dress is Dora.This is a car which/that was made in China.②引导词作动词的宾语The girl who/whom/that/省略I saw was Jane. The move which/that/省略I watched last night was very interesting. Ella,who/whom I knew in high school, is studying music in France.②引导词作介词宾语The girl to whom I gave coffee smiled at me.=The girl whom I gave coffee to smiled at me.The song to which I am listening was very popular in the 1999s.②引导词作定语I have a friend whose name is Sophia.I bought a bag whose price was very high.关系副词:②在表示方式、时间、地点、原因等的先行词之后,可用that代替when,where,why;相当于介词+which,此时修饰的先行词为the way,the time,the place,the reason等,that一般可省略。
定语从句笔记整理
定语从句一、关系代词1. that既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语宾语2.which 只指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.3.who/whom 只指人,who在从句中作主语或宾语,而whom只作宾语.4.whose是代词的所有格,既可代人也可代物Eg 1.The letter that/which I received was from my father.2.The doctor whom /who /that you are looking for is in the room.3.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Y u.4.The book whose cover is red is my English book.注:一、关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything , little , much 等不定代词时.Eg Tell me everything that you know2.先行词被very , both , the only , all , no , every , any , little , much , some修饰时. Eg This is the only book that I have.3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时Eg This is the most beautiful city that I have visited.4.先行词被序数词修饰时Eg This is the last lesson that we have this term.5.先行词既包括人又包括物Eg They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.6.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Eg Which is the coat that you like best?Who is the man that was talking to you?7. that 常用作表语Eg China is not the country that it used to be.He is not that man that he was.8.有两个定从,其中一个已用which另一个用that.Eg Edison build a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.二、适宜用which的情况1.在从句中作介词的宾语,当介词提前时,只用which,代词在句尾时两者皆可. Eg He found that which he had been looking forThis is the question that/which we have had so much discussion about.This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of wood.The chair on which she issitting is made of wood.2.在非限定性定语从句中必用which不能用thatThey have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.I said nothing,which made him angry.三、下列情况中多用whoEg One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Anyone who fails to finish the task should be criticized.There is an old man who wants to see you.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies veryhard.二、关系副词1、whereEg 1、This is the school. I used to teach at the school.This is the school where/at which I used to teach.2、What’s the name of the town? We stayed in the town last night.What’s the name of the town where / in which we stayed last night?3、This is the house where I was born.This is the house which/that I was born in.This is the house in which I was born.2、whenEg 1、Tell me the time. The train leaves at that time.Tell me the time when / at which the train leaves.2、July is coming soon. We can go home for a rest in July.July, when / in which we can go home for a rest, is coming soon.3、I’ll never forget the day. I reached the top of Mount Tai on that day.I’ll never forget the day when / on which I reached top of Mount Tai.4、Y ou will have some spare time. Y ou can learn French at home during this time.Y ou will have some spare time when / during which you can learn French at home.3、whyEg I don’t know the reason. He left here for the reason.I don’t know the reason why/ for which he left here.注: The reason why he was late was that her child was ill in hospital.The reason which she gave me was that her child was ill in hospital.4、由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句。
九年级定语从句知识点笔记
九年级定语从句知识点笔记九年级定语从句知识点笔记:定语从句基本结构及分类1、关系代词which;that;which;whose;whoever;whoever2、关系副词which;that;which;whose;whoever;whoever2、关系副词which;that;which;whose;whoever;whoever3、关系连词。
其中,连词which和that常用于非限制性定语从句中,而连词which用于限制性定语从句中, that用于限制性定语从句中, whether用于非限制性定语从句中, whoever用于限制性定语从句中。
但是,连词neither和nor都只能与一个句子成分连用。
用来连接两个主语,分别表示两者之间的关系。
1、which;that;Which;whoever用于非限制性定语从句中2、neither;nor;neither;nor;both用于非限制性定语从句中。
当两个分句共同作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
3、关系连词。
其中,连词which用于非限制性定语从句中,连词that用于限制性定语从句中,而连词which用于限制性定语从句中, that用于限制性定语从句中。
但是,连词neither和nor都只能与一个句子成分连用。
当两个分句共同作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
定语从句可以有非限制性定语,也可以有限制性定语,这要根据情况而定,非限制性定语从句没有时态、人称、数等变化,限制性定语从句则有时态、人称、数等变化。
限制性定语从句有3种:状语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
状语从句只有时态、人称、数等变化,宾语从句和表语从句在语义上有不同,前者表示人或事物所处的地位或与人或事物的关系,后者则表示人或事物的性质或状态。
对于状语从句,我们要弄清时态,注意从句与主句的关系,对于宾语从句,要注意连接词、介词的搭配使用。
对于表语从句,要看句子中缺少的成分,若缺少主语,则表语从句缺少主语,若缺少谓语,则表语从句缺少谓语。
九年级定语从句知识点笔记
九年级定语从句知识点笔记定语从句是英语中一个非常重要的语法现象,它为我们表达更加精确、准确的信息提供了便利。
熟练掌握定语从句的用法不仅可以提高我们的语言表达能力,也可以帮助我们更好地理解他人的表达。
在这篇文章中,我们将一起来回顾和总结九年级定语从句的知识点。
一、定语从句的概念和构成定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,从句在句中作定语。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, 关系副词有where, when, why。
关系代词that一般用来修饰人或物,可以指代主语或宾语。
例:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
关系代词which用来修饰物,可以指代主语或宾语。
例:The car, which is parked outside, belongs to my friend.那辆停在外面的车是我朋友的。
关系代词who和whom用来修饰人,who在从句中做主语,whom在从句中做宾语。
例:The girl who is standing there is my sister.那个站在那里的女孩是我妹妹。
The teacher whom we met yesterday is very kind.我们昨天见到的那位老师非常和善。
关系代词whose用来修饰人或物,表示所属关系。
例:The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.那个车被偷的人向警察报了案。
关系副词where用来修饰地点,在从句中作状语。
例:I still remember the city where I was born.我依然记得我出生的那个城市。
关系副词when用来修饰时间,在从句中作状语。
英语定语从句知识点笔记
英语定语从句知识点笔记英语中,定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
在定语从句中,有一个引导词,一般是关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)或关系副词(when, where, why)。
1.关系代词的用法:a.who用来指人,作主语或宾语,代替先行词为人的名词。
b.whom用来指人,作宾语,代替先行词为人的名词。
c.whose用来指人或物,表示所属关系,通常用来修饰物或人的名词。
d.that用来指人或物,作主语或宾语,代替先行词为人或物的名词。
e.which用来指物,作主语或宾语,代替先行词为物的名词。
2.关系副词的用法:a.when用来指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
b.where用来指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
c.why用来指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
3.定语从句的基本结构:定语从句的基本结构是先行词+关系词+从句。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. (我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)My sister, who is a doctor, lives in London. (我的姐姐是一名医生,住在伦敦。
)4.定语从句的位置:定语从句可以放在先行词的前面或后面,但是要注意先行词和定语从句之间的语法关系。
例如:The girl who is standing over there is my sister. (站在那边的女孩是我的妹妹。
)The house, which was built in 1900, has a lot of history. (那座建于1900年的房子有很多历史。
)5.定语从句的省略:如果定语从句中的主语和先行词中的主语相同,那么在定语从句中可以省略关系代词。
例如:The boy (who) I met yesterday is very nice. (我昨天遇到的那个男孩非常好。
初三英语定语从句知识汇总笔记
(每日一练)初三英语定语从句知识汇总笔记单选题1、The man ________ is wearing sunglasses wants to know ________ Miss has arrived.A.who; whetherB.that; thatC.whom; how答案:A解析:句意:那个戴太阳镜的男人想知道小姐是否已经到了。
考查从句。
第一处是定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,用who或that,排除C;第二处是宾语从句,表示“想知道是否已经到了”,用whether。
故选A。
2、—Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best?—Umm…. I like the movies ________ make me laugh.A.what; whichB.what; whatC.which; whatD.which; where答案:A解析:句意:——你能告诉我你最喜欢哪一类电影吗?——嗯……我喜欢让我笑的电影。
考查宾语从句连接词及定语从句关系词。
根据“... kind of movies”可知此处用what kind表示“什么种类”;the movies后用定语从句作后置定语,先行词“the movies”指物,此处用which引导定语从句。
故选A。
3、The earth is the planet ________ provides us with ev erything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. It’s our duty to protect it.A.whoB.thatC.where答案:B解析:句意:地球是一颗行星,它提供我们所需要的一切:新鲜的空气、干净的水等。
保护地球是我们的义务。
考查定语从句。
首先分析句子结构,本句中的“_______ provides us with everything we need”在复合句中作定语从句,其中先行词the planet 指物,且在定语从句中做逻辑主语,所以关系代词用that/which。
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定语从句
(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
注:that 用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
(b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。
.
(e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(g)先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(h) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时
举例:
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?
Who that break the window should be punished.
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。