2019年上海高考英语一模语法填空汇编

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2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)

Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The SuezCanal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family j ust as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada，February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, this process goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protectaircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); arapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allowthem to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends theweekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used ar tificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the ___33___ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were askedto ___34___ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment ___35___ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they ___36___ . However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study ___37___ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of ___38___ behaviour at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you ___39___ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.Ina(n) ___40___ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories (卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems.Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They inferthis from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothing particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. A nd on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and culturesthan for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they b ring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you shou ld spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification (absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Curiosity Is an Increasingly Rare VirtueMost of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flints (打火石) for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They are the result of curiosity. But the journalist Ian Leslie, in his newly-published book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and we are losing it.Leslie presents considerable evidence for the claim that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the rea der’s borders. Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊): we seek only the information we want. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship(企业家精神). Worse still, that lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.Fortunately, some strategies can be employed to develop curiosity: If you just accept the world as it is without trying to dig deeper, you will certainly lose the ‘holy curiosity’. Of course, one effective way to dig deeper beneath the surface is asking questions: What is that? Why is it made that way? Who invented it? How does it work? ...And if you see learning as a burden, there’s no way you will want to dig deeper into anything. That will just make the burden heavier. But if you think of learning as something fun, you will naturally want to dig deeper.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sport TourismTourism is the world’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world. At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category. Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.The second type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise” arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.Active participation is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online Pharmacy (药店): A Foreseeable TrendOnline pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future, which would be of benefit to all of us. Sadly, current Federal Drug Administration (FDA) restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online. Fortunately, online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices. Those calling for the restrictions are wrong. Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people.While some drugs sold online aren’t FDA-approved, customers shouldn’t be prevented from buying them. Many of the herbal remedy (草药) online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years, especially in Asian countries, and they have strong safety records. Other medicines may come from foreign countries, but they aren’t harming the peopl e who use them in their own countries. Take depression pills as an example. It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries, yet it’s just now being tested in the U.S.Nowadays, just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever, not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results. Thanks to the Internet, customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor. The Internet, after all, is filled with information about all kinds of drugs. Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves.Another issue to consider is money. Health care costs in America are rising every year, and pharmaceutical companies are making billions. Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs atlower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores. Consumers shouldn’t be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to your health, it’s important to look after it.Maintaining good posture (姿势) is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can stain the muscles around your spine.Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those used to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of spacetechnology.Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable. What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don’t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren’twe a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. But sometimes we may find that data aren’t everything. For example, how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because he or she doe sn’t get high marks in the final examination?There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. For example, the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. We should try our best to be wise thinkers. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.Data are data after all. Life is much more colorful than the pale data. So give the cold data a warm heart and we’ll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air.They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.So, when you picked up a few things in a supermarket, a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology. By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic, with a rude hand gesture or two, wasn't it a relief to get to the office?The answer is a definite yes. It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise, and most see that as a "major problem." Moreover, it's getting worse. Lastyear, people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior. This year, the number had shot up to 10.6.The exception, it seems, is the Workshops. More than 90% of us see companies offices as what is immune（免疫）to social bad manners. Workplaces are getting more civil in many people's eyes. The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%---markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online (39%), or while driving (also 39%).Of course, less-than-polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is, after all, unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion. However, being on one's best behavior in any professional field is generally a common-sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development.But there’s more to it. Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice. CEOS, and managers at all levels, are now keen on cooperation. They are trying to build a ‘Best Places to Work’ culture, to attract the best available talents. This emphasis on co-working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people.Nonetheless，a significant number of employees believe there’s more to be done. Asked what changes they’d like to see, 62％hope that “civility training will be continued”, looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support.It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorb ed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.All Must Have DegreesIn a classroom in Seoul a group of teenagers sit over their desks in total silence. Study begins at eight in the morning and ends at half past four in the afternoon. And some even go back home at midnight. Like thousands of South Koreans, they are preparing for the important exam, which will largely determine whether they go to a good university or not. Degrees have become useful. Seventy percent of students who graduate from the country’s secondary schools now go straight to universities.Many more countries have seen a big rise in the share of young people with degrees, but South Korea is an extreme case. As technological reforms require workers to do many difficult and demanding jobs that they would not have done before, there seems to be reasonable to insist that more workers receive a good education than before. And a degree is an obvious way for bright youngsters From poor families to prove their abilities. People tend to earn more if they have degrees.Employers do not have to pay for higher education and they are increasingly able to demand degrees to screen out the least motivated or capable. A recent study by Joseph Fuller and Manjari Raman of Harvard Business School shows that companies routinely require applicants to have degrees, even though only a minority of those already working in the role have them.The Economist’s analysis found that between 1970 and 2015, the proportion of 256 workers aged 25-64 with at least a bachelor’s degree increased. Some of them are highly intellectually demanding jobs, such as aviation engineers. Others are non-graduate jobs such as waiting tables. Sixteen percent of waiters now have degrees, because probably in most cases they could not find jobs and live poorly. Today, having a degree is usually an entry requirement.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gossip“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The drug store was closing for the night and Alfred Higgins was about to go home when his new boss approached him.“Empty your pockets please, Alfred,” Sam Carr demanded in a firm voice.Alfred pretended to be shocked but he knew he’d been caught. From his coat he withdrew a make-up kit, a lipstick and two tubes of toothpaste.“I’m disappointed in you, Alfred!” said the little gray-haired man.“Sorry, Sir. Please forgive me. I’ve never done such a thing before.” Alfred lied, hoping to gain the old man’s sympathy.Mr Carr’s brow furrowed (皱眉) as he reached for the phone, “Do you take me for a fool? Let’s see what the police have to say. But first I’ll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail.”“Do whatever you want,” Alfred shot back, trying to sound big. But deep down he felt like a child. He imagined his mother rushing in, eyes burning with anger, maybe in tears. Yet he wanted her to come quickly before Mr. Carr called the police.Mr. Carr was surprised when Mrs Higgins finally arrived. She was very calm, quiet and friendly. “Is Alfred in trouble?” she asked.“He’s been stealing from the store,” the old man coolly replied.Mrs. Higgins put out her hand and touched Mr. Carr’s arm with great g entleness as if she knew just how he felt. She spoke as if she did not want to cause him any more trouble. “What do you want to do, Mr. Carr?”The woman’s calm and gentle manner disarmed the once-angry store-owner. “I was going to get a cop. But I don’t want to be cruel. Tell your son not to come back here again, and I’ll let itgo.” Then he warmly shook Mrs. Higgins’s hand.Mrs. Higgins thanked the old man for his kindness, then mother and son left. They walked along the street in silence. When they arrive d home his mother simply said, “Go to bed, you fool.”In his bedroom, Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen. He felt no shame, only pride in his mother’s actions. “She was smooth!” he thought. He went to the kitchen to tell her how great she was, but was shocked by what he saw.His mother’s face looked frightened, broken. Not the cool, bright face he saw earlier. Her lips moved nervously. She looked very old. There were tears in her eyes.This picture of his mother made him want to cry. He felt his youth ending. He saw all the troubles he brought her and the deep lines of worry in her grey face. He seemed to have never really seen his mother like that.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think:” I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastinat ion（拖延症）”.According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’tstop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.“People who generally hav e trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To Friend or UnfriendSocial networking makes it very easy to have friends –lots and lots friends. Hundreds or millions of people have joined QQ, Wechat, and other sites so that they can communicate with friends online. However, the meaning of the word “friend” seems changed. In the past, a friend was someone you had a close personal relationship with. Now, anyone in the world can be yourfriend online! Some people have thousands of cyber friends, but what do you do if you don’t want to have so many friends?Easy! You can dump an unwanted friend with just one click of your mouse. In recent years, it has become so common to get rid of friends in this way that there is a new word to describe it – to “unfriend”. The new Oxford American Dictionary named it word of the Year in 2009 and defined it like this: “to remove someone as a ‘friend’ from social networking site”. But why would you want to do such a thing as unfriending someone?The most common reason for unfriending someone is to eliminate annoying people from your social life. For example, some friends post messages much too frequently, especially those messages found to be extremely boring. They endlessly post status updates which say something like “I’m cooking dinner” or “I’m doing homework”. Another reason for unfriending someone is disagreement about world issues. A third reason is to get rid of people who write dirty things on social websites.Although dumping friends is not just an Internet phenomenon, far more online friendships end suddenly than off-line ones. Even in this computer age, it remains true that many people prefer spending time together face-to face. After all, that’s what friends ar e for!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from。

完整word版解析2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空原卷版

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June._____1_____According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after shemisreported how much money she (receive) for certain film projects, using so-called yin-yang_____2_____contracts to conceal the authorities her true remuneration () and avoid millions of dollars in taxes._____3_____薪酬Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fineof $86 million.Because she was first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed_____4_____against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation she had been detained by_____5_____the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but _____6_____didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter (post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and_____7_____government.As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry andsociety, she said. I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, led to _____8_____the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests.Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there have been no Fan Bingbing, she added._____9_____Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of1Taxation saying it had launched a campaign (recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry._____10_____II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirectionsAfter reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and ：grammatically correct. Forthe blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ms. Angela McQueen, a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School, Illinois, has a routine whenshe's onlunch-monitoring duty. She ___11___ (keep) an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps() 圈around the school cafeteria.In September 2017, McQueen, then 40, had hardly finished one lap ___12___ a 14-year-old freshman standingnot far from her pulled out a gun. She knew too well that he was going to start shooting.School employees ___13___ (train) on how to handle active shooters: Attack their ability___14___ (aim). Sowith the shooter's finger on the trigger, McQueen rushed to him. ___15___ (grab) at his arm, she forced the gun intothe air, but not ___16___ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another. As students ran for the exits,McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer, ___17___ disarmed the student and tookhim into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later. Afterward, McQueen went outside to give hugs and supportto her shaken students.“It's the mama-bear instinct,”she told the local paper. “I don't have kids of my own, but these are still‘___18___' kids.”_______19_______ McQueen, a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the countryhad a relatively happy ending. “If it hadn't been for her, the situation would have been a lot different,”Police ChiefJeff Branson said at a news conference.As one ___20___ (impress) student told CBS News, “Mr. McQueen is our heroin.”II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.2Best News Ever: Researchers Confirm Chocolate Is Good for Your Brain Sure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it's a staple of some of our favorite desserts. But it's not exactly a healthfood, so it should be enjoyed in moderation—right? Well, it turns out that _____21_____(eat) chocolate mightactually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to recent research _____22_____(conduct) by fivescientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (), can help boost cognitive () 认知的黄烷醇performance. Yes, chocolate's good for your brain. The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L'Aquila,_____23_____ (record) research from 10 different studies. The studies assessed people's performance on cognitivetests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were telling: in 9 out of the 10 studies, there was anoticeable improvement _____24_____ the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in“general cognition, attention, processing speed, and working memory.”Sounds pretty good to us! And that's not all. In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanolshelped “counteract”the negative effects of the sleep deprivation. And there's even more good news. _____25_____(take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months, chocolate can produce noticeable long-termimprovements in cognition. Older adults, ____26____ memories were already declining, saw an especiallysignificant improvement.All chocolate has flavanols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers, are happier,_____27_____ it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists_____28_____ haveclaimed that, after doing this research, they've started eating dark chocolate every day! Here are some other healthbenefits of eating dark chocolate. Now, we're not saying that you _____29_____ start eating chocolate for breakfast,lunch, and dinner—it's still high in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after asleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead,_____30_____ takeadvantage of chocolate's newfound brainpower with these delicious recipes.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SA T, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, ___31___ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of3Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety –not to mention fatigue –might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239college freshmen, each ___32___ (agree) to take three different versions of the SA T reasoning test___33___ (give)on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours andfive-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. ___34___ (boost) thestress level in the students –who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college –Ackerman andKanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who ___35___ (beat) their high-school score.___36___ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked themabout their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of thetest and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students' energy andanxiety___37___ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers' fatigue and stress rose steadily___38___ the test got longer. ___39___ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of thetest increased, so ___40___ the students' scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237. IIGrammar and Vocabulary Section A ．Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. Thehome-sharingservice provides some people with a way _____41_____ （makeextra money while they work other jobs.）The company announced recently that one of its _____42_____ (popular) professions among AmericanAirbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out _____43_____ industries itsAmerican hosts work in.The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified _____44_____ as teachers or inthe field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. Inaddition, the study says there are _____45_____ estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.The study did not provide data from hosts about _____46_____ they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the4company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earningsfrom hosting _____47_____ help.Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb's estimated national average. Airbnb spokesmanChristopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry is not a total solution for the currentproblems _____48_____ (face) many teachers. But he said he thinks Airbnb can be an “important tool”to helpteachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity”they have earned.The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb _____49_____ (continue) to face opposition byactivists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices inseveral cities. Elected officials in some areas _____50_____ (propose) or approved rules to limit the influence of theservice. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition. IIGrammar and Vocabulary Section A．Direction: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Famous Irish poet Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) once wrote: “Ah! Realize your youth while you have it.”He pointedout the important truth about how precious youth is in one's journey through life.However, the popular internet slang word foxi() –or “Buddhist”–_____51_____ (challenge) this norm by 佛系encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible –in other words, tolive like a Buddha.The phrase _____52_____ (create) in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to startrelationships with women or follow someone else's life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without_____53_____ (disturb) and care little about passion and success.Now, Chinese internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For example,“Buddhist students”are those who study just the right amount –they don't cut class, but neither_____54_____ theyburn the midnight oil, either. There are also “Buddhist parents”, who interfere little _____55_____ their children'slives and let them develop _____56_____ they like –the opposite of “helicopter parents”.In this fast-changing and competitive world, it's only natural that people are seeking a spiritual anchor. However, some would compare foxi with “demotivational() culture”–a phrase that describes young people 丧who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality_____57_____ young people are5losing their will to fight. They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply _____58_____they're incapable of succeeding.But no matter what, there is one thing that “Buddhist youngsters”should keep in mind: You may want to keep acalm mindset regarding failure, but you _____59_____ also be passionate and positive about school, work and life._____60_____ be lost upon you. Be After all, Wilde also wrote: “Live the wonderful life that is in you! Letfraid of nothing.”always searching for new sensations. Be a II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fillin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever embarrassed because you forget something important? What kind of things do you have the mosttrouble _____61_____ (remember) ?Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the audience, but then paused in horror. He had forgotten her name.hid her jewelry when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldn't remember Barbarashe'd put it.______62______Perhaps you've had experiences like these. Most people have. And, what's worse, most peoplenaware of a simple but important fact: Memory can be developed. ____63____(bow) to a life of forgetting. They're u If you just accept that fact, this book will show you_____64_____it can be improved.your overanxious about remembering something, you'll forget it. Relaxing will enhance First, relax. If you are______65______ you can concentrate.awareness and ability to concentrate. You can't remember anythingSecond, avoid being negative. If you keep telling _____66_____ that your memory is bad, your mind will cometo believe it and you won't remember things. When you forget something, don't say, “Gee, I need to have my brain_____67_____(rewire).”Instead, you need to take an active role.____68____ your body, your memory can be strengthened through exercise. Look for opportunities to exerciseyour memory. For example, if you are learning a language, try to actively remember irregular verbs. You may also want to make associations or links between _______69_______you are trying to remember andthings you already know. For example, if you need to catch a plane at 2:00 p.m., you can imagine a plane in your mindand notice that it has two wings. Two wings =2:00. You are now ten times ________70________(likely) to forget the6take-off time.Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannotwrite well.The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have topass a writing test ___71___ they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests arechanging now ___72___ (include) a writing part.Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed toread through large amounts of work. So some companies ___73___ (develop) computer programs. These can gradestudent writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost___74___ (little) to carry out bycomputer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial () 人工的intelligence to think in a way___75___teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing testbegan with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officialssay there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by ___76___ human readers.The entrance test commonly ___77___(use) by business schools, the GMA T, already uses e-readers. The GREand TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Testof English as a Foreign Language.Systems ___78___ (use) to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples ofstudent writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.Some teachers say it can never really understand___79___ a writer is trying to say. Critics say a programcannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the sameway. They also say the systems ___80___(mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form7of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then I had a physical problem and had togo to hospital for _____81_____ whole examination. It seemed a small challenge _____82_____ (compare) to theone I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning. Not having a car or knowing the city,I was depending on a couple of buses _____83_____ (get) me from A to B. Although I'd left myself plenty of time,soon ______84______ was obvious that I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that______85______ (take) me in the opposite direction.I got off the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do. I looked into the eyes of a stronger，whowas trying to get past me. Surprisingly, _____86_____ moving on, she stopped to ask if I was OK.After I explained_____87_____ was troubling me, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, _____88_____ a bus would take me backinto the city to my appointment. ______89______ (sit) there waiting, I felt grateful that someone had been willing tohelp. Then，hearing a horn () nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend waving at me to get in. She had 喇叭returned to offer me a lift to the hospital.Such unexpected kindness from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive. _____90_____ I climbed outof the carat the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose faith, for all things are possible.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Every weekend, after hiking in the Saneum Healing Forest east of Seoul, the firefighters sip tea and enjoy an armmassage. The aim of program is ___91___offer) “forest healing”; the firefighters all have certain types of stressdisorder. Saneum is one of three official healing forest in South Korea, which offer a range of programs frommeditation to woodcraft to camping. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans, many of whom suffer from workstress, digital addiction, and intense academic pressures,___92___(welcome) the medicalization of nature with greatenthusiasm. In fact, the government is investing a hundred million dollars ___93___ a healing complexnext toSobaeksan National park.There is increasing evidence ___94___ being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But whatis frustrating is that fewer of us actually enjoy nature regularly. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at8Canada's Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring at a time___95___ we are most disconnectedfrom it. The pressures of modern life lead to long hours spent working indoors. Digital addiction and strong academicpressure add to the problem. In America, visits to parks have been declining since the dawn of email, and so___96___visits to the backyard. Research indicates that only about 10 percent of American teens spend time outside every day.So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to?___97___ (surround) by nature has one obviouseffect: the more time we spend in nature, the ___98___ (stressful) we become. This has been shown to lower bloodpressure, heart rates, and levels of the stress hormone, as well as reduce feelings of fear or anger. But studies alsoindicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an ___99___ (improve) sense andwell-being; it canlower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably ___100___ we evolved in nature and have been adapted tothe natural environment.901。

上海2019届高三英语一模语法填空考点分类汇编(含答案)

2019届上海高三英语一模语法填空考点分类汇编名词性从句1.First and foremost,it is in the group discussion and exchange that we students can have athorough idea (26) ______ our peers are reading for the moment, serving as a driving force for our own reading journey. what2.One day, microbial signatures might show (29) ______ people have gone and what they havetouched. They could prove (30) ______ an unmarked device is yours. where; that3.Even worse is the possibility (30) ______ we still have no seafood to enjoy at all. that4.When word gets out (27) ______ Preston will be at a cemetery---he has a Facebook page,Preston Sharp/Vet flags and Flowers---people, like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland, feel obliged to join in, “It’s amazing,” Loveland said. that5.He had already been aware, for example, (26) _______ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’sown 134,000. that6.(25) ______ is true of skating is also true of life. What7.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was moreimportant than (27) _______ was objectively occurring in their lives. what8.He does not accept the argument (30) _______ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. that9.My one fear is (30) ______ after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruelcritic of our shallow times. that10.Most of the time we drift back to (24) _______ we started. where11.(22) ______ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness butwith little or none of the caffeine has been found. What12.Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23) ______ they’re payingfor Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth. what13.It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) ______ you are afraid. that14.Then the Nazis decide to "relocate" the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know(22) ______their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where theyare going, either. why定语从句1.It’s needless to say that the last sharing section which is the most meaningful is donation, during(24) ______ time everyone present, teachers or students, is expected to donate one or morebooks to the library. which2.…in salmons(鲑鱼) (27) ______ eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures.whose3.It is a movement of young and old, of those who served and those who are so grateful for whatthey did, all led by a proud grandson (30) ______ saw an injustice and decided to do something about it. who4.Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man (22) _______ pride over his appearance wasbut one aspect of his self-centeredness. whose5.James Dyson worked through 5,126 failed prototypes(原型) for his dual cyclone vacuum beforecoming up with the design (26)______ made his fortune. that/which6.Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower,(26) _______ decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. which7.When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that something is terribly wrong,especially in the current economic climate (23)_______ unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. where8.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29)_______ provides assistance to bicycle-relatedworkers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. which9.However depressed you may be feeling now, if you look back, there certainly will have beenevents that made you happy—maybe the time (21) _______ you bought your first bicycle or you were awarded a scholarship. when10.Roy Thomas, (27) _____ succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two daysbefore his death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story. who11.(25) ______ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the teaplant naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits. As12.Its original business model, (26) ______ involved selling ads and putting them at the side of thepage, totally failed. which13.Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) ______ has made her socelebrated. that/which状语从句1.(24) ______ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad.Although/Though/While2.And how about that satisfying “crack” which you get when you are eating crabs and lobsters?It could be silenced (29)______ shellfish have been struggling to build their calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification. because3.So April told him “son, (22) ______ you are going to complain about something, you have todo something about it or let it go” if/when4.He does it every week (25) ______ the weather is like, rain or shine---especially rain. whatever5.But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21)______ they first learnhow to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. if/when/after6.According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitalsalone due to preventable error. (30) ______ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve. Unless7.In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to yourface (25) _______ _______ you age more quickly. so that8.That means you will somehow look suspicious (24) _______ you say about the leave. whatever9.(22) ______ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them.Although/Though/While10.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27) _______ theirjob also depends on tips. because11.(28) ______ this is only Stein’s first book, I would already consider him as someone like DavidSedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln.Although/Though/While12.Psychologists call this phenomenon hedonic adaptation (享乐适应症)—that is, (23) _____________ _______ good something makes us feel, most of the time we drift back to where we started. No matter how13.For example, you will feel happier about your volunteer work (28) _______ you are able tocope with new tasks every week. if/when14.From a simple upbringing in Manhattan, young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs(24) _____ he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company — TimelyComics. until15.(29) _____ _____ _____ he had the energy for it and didn’t have to travel, Stan was always upto do something more.” As long as16.Tea contains caffeine which, (21) ______ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety,insomnia and other problems. Although/Though/While17.It has been 44 years (26) ______an emperor penguin was last spotted in the wild in New Zealand.sincest year, the company changed its privacy rules (24)______ ______ many things -- your city,your photo, your friends’ names -- were set, by default (默认), to be shared with everyone on the Internet. so that非谓语1.As far as I’m concerned, the theme of the festival can be “sharing”,primarily (22) ______(consist) of three parts. consisting2.As for when (25) ______ (hold) the activity, the afternoon may be an ideal choice so that itwon’t interrupt our classes. to hold3.The phone’s owner reported the theft before (22) ______(die)from the disease. dying4.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoingwarming of their own, (26) _______ (cause) a decline in fish population. causing5.Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness inhumans whenever (28) ______ (take) with raw seafood, like oysters. taken6.Next thing April knew, Preston was taking on odd jobs and asking for donations (23) ______(buy) flags and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery. to buy7.They were out there in the rain doing their job, (26) ______ (protect) us,” Preston said, Hisdevotion is infections. protecting8.People, like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland, feel (28) ______(oblige) to join in. obliged9.Union soldiers were starving, (24) _______ (exhaust), and demoralized. exhausted10.They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lee’s onlyoption was to retreat to Richmond, thus (28) _______ (assure) a Union victory. assuring11.Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but (30) _______ (retreat), Hooker began toignore reality. to retreat12.(22) _______ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. To stretch13.They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) ______ (remain) withintheir comfort zone. remaining14.Never (24) ______ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress. failing15.There’s no point (22) _______ (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something backthat’s even better, and quickly. abandoning16.Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused somany neurons(神经细胞) (24)_______ (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains! to grow17.(28) _______ (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale howstressed they felt each day. Given18.I can get a new job with more pay, but will (21) _______ (leave) within a year hurt myprofessional reputation? leaving19.Focus on your desire (28) ________ (develop) professionally. to developst year, the city announced severe measures (24) _______ (mean) to hold e-bike riders andrestaurants that employ the riders responsible. meant21.Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26) _______ (earn) enough moneyto live on. to earn22.He says (28) _______ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costlydelays for workers. being caught23.Haven’t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires withfirefighters, (25) ______ (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I have. driving24.The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets (27) ______(turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other. turned25.An often (25) ________ (quote) example is that lottery winners are no happier than non-winnerseighteen months after their win. quoted26.Human beings spend a lot of time figuring out what makes them happy, but not enough time(30) ______ (try) to hang on to the happiness they already have. trying27.Stan Lee loved the (23) _____ (write) word from an early age, and wanted to craft stories likethose in his favorite books and films, which he consumed greedily. written28.Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee. He introduced the famous “Stan’s Soapbox” to speakdirectly to his readers, (25) _____ (reach) a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day.reaching29.As long as he had the energy for it and didn’t have to travel, Stan was always up (30) _____(do) something more. to do30.Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) ______ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. growing31.(26) _______ (know) locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between700 and 1,000 metres above sea level around a handful of Chinese villages. Known32.It can take time – and sometimes it does not work – for new plant varieties (29) ______ (breed)for commercial use. to be bred33.The wayward emperor penguin (21) ______ (know) as “Happy Feet” was back home inAntarctic waters after a temporary stay in New Zealand. known34.(22) ______(speak) from a satellite phone, Wellington Zoo veterinarian Lisa Argilla said HappyFeet’s release went remarkably smoothly. Speaking35.Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send(22) ______ (target) messages. targeted36.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done to invade our privacy is only the beginning, whichis why I’m considering (29) _______ (cancel) my account. cancelling37.Number the Starsis a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish (24)______(rescue)during the war. rescued38.And is she brave enough (26) ______ (make) that sacrifice? to make39.But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) ______ (engage). engaging谓语动词1.Firstly, the festival can start with a 30-minute discussion where groups of students can exchangeand share what they (23) ______ (expose) to recently, expressing themselves freely. have been exposed2.Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally (23) ______(confess) to the crime.confessed3.In an early study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbialfingerprints to identify the person who (28) ______(use) a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature. had used4.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming (22) ______(continue) to affect weather, we often that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. continues5.According to organizations like Australia’s Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas (25) ______ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue. are estimated6.It is the first time I (21) ______ (see) him like this angry and passionate. have seen7.And when that cemetery (24)_____ (cover), he moved on to another，and then another. wascovered8.Despite the fact that the Confederacy (23) ________ (win) the last four major battles and theUnion soldiers were starving, exhausted, and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. had won9.Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) _______ (dismiss)as cowards. were dismissed10.The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) ______ (repeat). are repeated11.In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) _______ (learn) that real keys arepleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not. have learn12.That means you will somehow look suspicious whatever you say about the leave. Saying thework is great but you don't like management or the pay won't go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they (25) _______ (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team player. question/will question13.However, it (29) _______ (make) clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills asa professional. is made/has been made14.I (29) _______ (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also tostrangers on Twitter over and over again. have recommended15.Positive changes that (27) ________ (experience) in a variety of ways are more likely to leadto lasting happiness. are experienced16.Now the researchers (28) ______ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitatwhile further studies are carried out. are exploring17.A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30)______ (report). Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest. has been reported 18.He resurfaced about 6 feet from the boat, (24) ______(take) a look up at the people aboard, andthen disappeared beneath the surface. took19.Now that Happy Feet (30) ______(nurse) back to health, his chances are as good as they are forany other penguin in the wild. has been nursed20.So far the privacy issue (27) ______ (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. has landed21.Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. Thereare soldiers on the streets, and the country (21) ______(accept)by the Nazis. is accepted情态动词1.On hearing the news that a Reading Festival is to be held on campus on the World Book andCopyright Day and the possible project is open to be recommended, I (21) ______ hardly wait to write to you, sharing my humble opinions. can2.My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, (25) _______ God have mercy onBobby Lee, for I shall have none. may3.Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year. It implies impatienceand lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you're getting paid to do work you actually like, so they (26) _______ assume that you can’t put up with a little disorganization. may/might4.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25) _______ alsoseize the bikes. can5. A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world, Stan had the power to inspire,to entertain, and to connect. Nothing but his heart (22) _____ exceed the scale of his imagination.could介词1.First and foremost,it is in the group discussion and exchange that we students can have athorough idea what our peers are reading for the moment, serving as a driving force for our own reading journey.So it is (27) ______ the books recommended. with2.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, (26) ______countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. from3.Whether or not you try to limit yourself (24) ______ one cup of coffee a day, the effects ofclimate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. to4.Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles upand across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves (27) ________ Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind.They were trapped. behind5.The consequence is that (28) _____ _____ learning from failure, healthcare often covers upfailure. instead of6.And speaking of pay, most companies work (27) _______ an annual review basis, so suddenlyasking for more money doesn't work for their budgets. on7.Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23)_______ the ban. for8.Variety is, as we all know, the spice of life. But it’s also a useful weapon (26) _______adaptation. against9.With a heavy heart, we share our deepest condolences (哀悼) (21) _____ his daughter andbrother, and we honor and remember the creator, voice and champion of Marvel. with10.Known locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000metres (27) ______ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages. above11.(28) ______the world watching, authorities finally took action, moving the penguin to theWellington Zoo four days after he was discovered. With12.People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, (21)______realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. without代词1.And (30) ______ is my sincere hope that the festival can be a great success and we can gain alot from it. It2.It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are differentfrom (25) ______ of your friends and family. those3.Some foods have already felt the impact while (23) ______ may even become scarce within thenext 30 years. others4.What he’s doing brings (29) ______ out because we can’t believe a young man in this countryis doing what he does. us5.As Dyson put (27) _______: “You can’t develop new technology unless you test new ideas andlearn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.” it6.The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damagedtelomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29)_______ who felt more relaxed. those7.When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that (22) _______ is terriblywrong, especially in the current economic climate where unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. something8.The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy were (26) ______ in which the author suffered horribly. those9.Roy Thomas, who succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two days before(28) _____ death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story. his10.What would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but withlittle or (23) ______ of the caffeine has been found. none11.Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30) _______ information is in the handsof people I don’t trust. my冠词1.Haven’t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in (22) ______ 1970s with onlyfemale friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? the倒装1.(28) ______ ______ can we share beyond our class or even beyond our school, developing agood campus tradition, but more importantly, these books which are sure to be dusted on ourshelves can now be of more value. Not only强调1.It was at the zoo (29) ______the bird was given a home in a room filled with a bed of ice so hewouldn’t overheat. that并列连词1.Argilla said crew members from the boat carried the penguin inside his box to the rear part ofthe ship for his final send-off. (23) ______when they opened the door of the box, the penguin showed no interest in leaving. But。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)

2019届上海高三英语一模汇编--完形填空

1.虹口区2018学年第一学期期末教学质量监控测试This article is for all of the teenagers out there.Even though__41__you are years from being fully grown,society regularly expects you to adult.Yes,you are__42__in many ways: many of you drive and do so quite safely,and you handle schedules that would__43__many adults.But you probably cannot process caffeine(咖啡因)as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks.But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety,affect tonight’s sleep and tomorrow’s school performance,__44__nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol.The following four aspects may well__45__the theme of this article.The power of caffeineCaffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable,universally used,even cool, but it still causes__46__symptoms such as headaches,fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts’diets.How much is healthy?Caffeine is by no means a nutrient;you do not need it to be healthy.__47__,it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium(钙).Caffeine probably causes the body to release water.And the more caffeinated drinks you consume,the less likely you are to drink water.So experts say that adolescents should consume__48__amounts of caffeine a day(≤100mg).Caffeine’s__49__According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,about65percent of middle and higher schoolers are__50__to insufficient sleep on school nights.Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to(归因于)caffeine,which can remain in the body for seven hours after __51__,thus causing teens’worse performance the next day.It is widely assumed that adequate sleep__52__proper growth and brain development.During childhood and adolescence,the brain goes through a period called synaptic pruning(突触修剪)when unnecessary connections are promoted.Caffeine labellingCaffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a__53__. It may be listed as an ingredient,but the amount is not required.Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum,candy and water,along with makeup and beauty products that__54__to reduce swelling(肿块).Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence,so teens,when you consume sweet,caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish(无精打采的), you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult.It is advisable to come up with other__55__ways to boost energy so that you can master adulting better than many adults.41. A.potentially B.necessarily C.developmentally D.materially42. A.mature B.experienced C.productive D.disciplined43. A.delight B.frustrate C.liberate D.exclude44. A.promote B.assist C.intensify D.discourage45. A.call for B.account for C.turn to D.appeal to46. A.withdrawal B.addiction C.nutrition D.infection47. A.Therefore B.Instead C.Moreover D.Otherwise48. A.initial B.sufficient C.moderate D.stable49. A.reputations B.confirmations C.implications D.disadvantages50. A.subjected B.alerted C.reduced D.opposed51. A.stimulation B.concentration C.excitement D.consumption52. A.results from B.contributes to C.benefits from D.attends to53. A.therapy B.material C.nutrient D.substitute54. A.fail B.appear C.promise D.happen55. A.instructive prehensive C.extensive D.alternative 2.2018学年第一学期奉贤区调研测试“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However,it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is(41)_______.Social scientists are of course(42)______interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour.There are no clear answers yet,but two(43)_______schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other,and there is a great deal of debate between(44)______of each theory.The controversy（争论）is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.Those who(45)______the“nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are(46)_____determined by biological factors.That our environment has little, if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behaviour is(47)______to this theory. Taken to an extreme,this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our(48)_______.Supporters of the“nurture”theory,or,as they are often called,(49)______,claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely (50)_______by their surroundings.The behaviorists’view of the human being is quite mechanistic.They state that,like machines,humans respond to(51)______stimuli(刺激)as the basis of their behaviour.Socially and politically,the consequences of these two theories are(52)______.In the US, for example,blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.This leads some “nature”supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists,(53)_____,say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy,and that, as a result,they do not develop the same(54)______that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour.As a matter of fact,it is quite (55)_____that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41.A.sensitive B.productive petitive D.aggressive42.A.moderately B.extremely C.reluctantly D.scarcely43.A.distinct B.reliable C.relevant D.equal44.A.objectors B.operators C.opponents D.advocates45.A.claim B.support C.resolve D.inheritpletely rgely C.thoroughly D.merely47.A.sensitive B.open C.central D.subject48.A.abilities B.capacities C.personalities D.instincts49.A.experts B.scientists C.environmentalists D.behaviorists50.A.shaped B.prioritized C.oppressed D.restricted51.A.environmental B.biological C.genetic D.psychological52.A.temporary B.slight C.fatal D.far-reaching53.A.on the contrary B.as a whole C.after all D.for instance54.A.habits B.responses C.characteristics D.advantages55.A.necessary B.impossible C.unreasonable D.likely3.宝山区2018学年第一学期期末The search for new,clean energy sources has occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years.One common41for green energy is the wind.A new twist on this old resource could cause the energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.Standard wind-power plants rely on strong support and42can only reach a height of 200meters or so.Higher than that,winds tend to be stronger and steadier,but the challenge is43how to obtain the energy from those winds.Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group.The group is working to develop kites with inflatable（可充气的）wings44to electrical generators(发电机)on the ground.The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for24hours. Research has begun,but many challenges remain,including making the generators more45and perfecting the automatic flight control and the structure of the kites.Nevertheless in June2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate46at an altitude of up to700meters.Meanwhile,in Italy,researchers are working on a(n)47power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen,senses the wind blowing,kites are48from the ends of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle.These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming objects49planes,helicopters or even individual birds.The kites themselves are light,tough and able to reach fairly high altitudes.They loop（绕行）around in the wind,which sets the center of the generator in motion,50electric current.KiteGen has the51to be very cost-effective in the long run.After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant,little52investment will be necessary,apart from standard maintenance.The plant also requires53little space,which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more54.Kite power has the potential to greatly55on current wind-power strategies.In the future,it may be an efficient,cost-effective supplement to the other sources of energy we use,or even a replacement for some of them.41.A.resolution B.proposal C.resource D.substitute42.A.generally B.frequently C.continually D.regularly43.A.carrying out B.figuring out C.breaking out D.picking out44.A.chosen B.applied C.collected D.connected45.A.efficient plete C.powerful D.positive46.A.actively B.passively C.automatically D.artificially47.A.strange B.similar C.different D.original48.A.fastened B.revealed C.tailored D.released49.A.except for B.instead of C.such as D.due to50.A.producing B.inventing C.promoting D.developing51.A.qualification B.potential C.trend D.intention52.A.normal B.formal C.additional D.alternate53.A.concretely B.abstractly C.thoroughly D.relatively54.A.energy B.strength C.technology D.opportunity55.A.focus B.extend C.improve D.transfer42.A.contributions B.confusions C.feedbacks D.consequences43.A.pilots B.reservations C.costs D.accidents44.A.historically B.enormously C.fundamentally D.domestically45.A.retested B.implemented C.prospected D.reengineered46.A.travels B.developments C.flights munications47.A.disorders B.gains C.bans D.restrictions48.A.happen B.fail C.aim D.promise49.A.taxes B.effects C.viewpoints ments50.A.flooding B.rotting C.repairing D.transferring51.A.standard B.efficiency C.distribution D.consumption52.A.consider B.avoid C.maximize D.demonstrate53.A.greater B.different sting D.direct54.A.airports B.products C.contracts D.replacements55.A.sneezing at B.responding to C.resulting in D.recovering from。

（完整版）2019上海高考英语一模六选四汇编含答案word文档,推荐文档

（完整版）2019上海⾼考英语⼀模六选四汇编含答案word⽂档,推荐⽂档上海⾼考英语题型训练: 六选四2019年⾼三英语第⼀学期期末质量抽查Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Unit 2, 长宁区A. In other words, because we paid off and closed a line of credit, our scores took a hit.B. It is always more important to know how much you are able to earn than to borrow.C. All it tells you is whether you are good at borrowing money and paying it back.D. Believe it or not, these standards allow you to be punished for becoming debt-free!E. These are the reasons why I have stopped worrying about my credit score.F. While all of that is true, it doesn't tell the whole story.Why I stopped worrying about my credit score?If you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurancepayments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired._______67________First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it's important to cultivate your credit scores by using credit responsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise. More important asfinancial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overall financial health. He writes:"________68________"FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score, including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed(30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and creditmix (10 percent).________69________ My husband and I enjoyed steady creditscores above 820 for a while. But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit history tremendously.________70________That’s blackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (⾸付) on a home or some other big purchase.But once you’re fairly established financially, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money. 67-70 FCDAB.C.E.Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,” he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”________68________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductiveimpacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system—or even cancer.________69________The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and that new car smell is most noticeable.________70________It is the release of chemical vapors, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction.The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated (通风的), especially during the first six months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside—especially on hot days. 67-70 EDAC Unit 4, 奉贤区A.An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actualpractice periods.B.You are more easily annoyed and bothered.C.It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop.D.Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even ifyou don’t like it.E.Without patience, the same scenario can become a major emergency complete withyelling, frustration, hurt feelings.If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing.The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be.Without patience, life is extremely frustrating.________67________Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace.________68________ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in thebigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice.________69________They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--中英翻译--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版

One【2021届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试题】V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .他刚要关闭电脑,就在这时响了. (when)73 .他将代表全班同学在新年晚会上向老师们表示真诚的感谢. (on behalf of)74 .我们付出的每一次努力未必都能成功,但是但凡值得我们做的事情都值得做好. (worth)75 .不只是一个人的日常言谈举止, 就连他目前正在读的那本书都清楚地向我们说明了他是一个怎样的人.(as well as)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .很多人对他们的潜能一无所知. (ignorant)73 .这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任. (extent)74 .自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平,同各国人民友好相处. 〔long for〕75 .青少年问题的开展趋势值得我们关注和研究,也值得整个社会群策群力,共商对策.〔which〕V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .这场因无视规那么引发的事故值得我们深思. (ignore)73 .梦想还是要有的,但不努力就不可能实现. 〔unless〕74 .正是这次经历才让我明白,我不该太过忙碌而错过生活的恩赐. 〔It〕75 .当前有一个非常令人费解的现象：一些年轻父母们宁愿把很多钱投资在早教上, 也不愿意带娃旅行开阔眼界.〔would rather〕Four 【2021届上海市长宁区高三英语一模试题1V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72 .任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功. (ease)73 .遇到紧急情况一定要冷静,否那么可能会造成严重后果. 75.令教练欣慰的是,整个辩论队齐心协力,克服了遇到的各种困难,最终所有的努力都得到了回报.(reward v.) Five 【2021届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试质V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72 .遇到突发危险时,人会茫然不知所措,这是很正常的. (which)73 . 一个人究竟怎样才能完成这样一个伟大的工程呢？(How) 74 .在此之前,他从未和那位主编讨论过自己的新书. (Not)(or)74. 我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异,才能防止误会,与他人建立和谐的关系.(Only)75 .情况是在不断地变化,要使自己的思想适应新的情况,就得学习. (adapt)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72 .我们相约周末去植物园看花展. (appointment)73 .这家超市商品种类繁多,能满足不同的消费需求. (variety)74 .如果父母在教育孩子的问题上意见一致,家庭就会更加和睦. (share)75 .许多学校已将剪纸之类的民间艺术引入课堂,这不但培养了学生的动手水平,也提升了他们的艺术鉴赏力.(not only…)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 . 一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆. (remind)73 .每个人应当牢记：己所不欲,勿施于人. (mind)74 .他如此醉心于古文化研究,这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着. (So)75 .不久之后,地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车,这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民冲动不已. (before)Eight【2021届上海市静安区高三英语一模试题】V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.您可联系校办公室了解更多信息. (contact)73.玛丽迫不及待地要使用刚下载的软件. (wait)74 .维生素片能否替代食物为我们提供足够能量仍然未知.(remain)75 .尽管不同学科教师的教学风格不尽相同,他们都密切关注学生的开展. (vary)Nine【2021届上海市崇明区高三英语一模试题jV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应. (adaption)73 .我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然,值得学习. (enough)74 .那些源自于中国古代文学的角色在这个网络游戏里获得了新生. (originate)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .晚上别喝太多的咖啡,会睡不着觉的. 〔or〕73 .事实证实,保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险. (It)74 .乐观的人不会过分思念美好的旧时光,由于他们正忙着创造新的回忆. (create)75 .追求稳定并不是什么坏事,很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登顶峰.(when)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .新来的员工经验缺乏,在解决顾客投诉时遇到了麻烦. (have trouble)73 .医生向病人保证,只要他按时服药就没有大碍. (assure)74 .尽管日程安排很紧,他还是报名参加了他同事推荐的那个课程. 〔despite〕75 .直到妻子与他离了婚,他才意识到他应该多抽一些时间陪伴家人, 而不是一心只有工作. 〔until〕V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .这是他第一次一本正经地评价我的衣着. 〔comment〕73 .住校能使学生有更多的时间和精力投入到学业中. 〔enable〕74 .最让我担忧的是这孩子除了在线游戏之外,似乎对周围的一切都视而不见.〔concern〕75 .正是由于没有抵抗住金钱和名誉的诱惑, 那位知名演员违反了法律,最终她不得不为此付出沉重的代价.〔fail〕V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .无论幸福的定义如何变化,人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利. 〔right〕73 .在团队精神的鼓舞下, 研究小组的每个成员都为新工程做出了自己的奉献. (contribution)74 .越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰,这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的.75 .在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的.它不仅违背了医学伦理道德,并且可能产生无法预知的后果.(Not)Fourteen【2021届上海市青浦区高三英语一模试题】V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72 .人们普遍认为对颜色的偏爱能反映一个人的性格. 〔It〕73 .平安起见,你最好出发前查一下地图,避开拥堵的路线. (sake)74 .我没想到的是,现在养老院是一床难求. 〔that〕75 .这个乡间度假村至今还没有配备无线网络,这给游客带来诸多不便. 〔equip〕V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功. (ease)73 .遇到紧急情况一定要冷静,否那么可能会造成严重后果〔or〕74 .我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异,才能防止误会,与他人建立和谐的关系. 〔only〕75 .令教练欣慰的是,整个辩论队齐心协力,克服了遇到的各种困难,最终所有的努力都到了回报.〔〔reward v.〕V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .交友时不要以貌取人. (base)73 .经历了一场大病后,他明白了生命无价. (suffer)74 . 2021上海进口博览会展示了创新理念,促进了自由贸易. (meanwhile)75 .不管到哪里旅游,都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯.这样才能成为一名文明的游客. (no matter)。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--六选四--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)

Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Self-Care Strategies for College StudentsMost college students don’t put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you’re caught up in the whirlwind (旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendship, and final exams, it’s easy to ignore a task that doesn’t come with a deadline (even if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. (67) ________ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.Get Away for Some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. (68) _________ Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you’re strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. (69) ________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night? (70) ________By doing that, you’ll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don’t buy into the myth that the less you’re sleeping, the harder you’re working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels –you simply can’t do your best work without it.Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you’re sure to find something that interests you.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Nowhere To Hide: What Machines Can Tell From Your Face The human face is a remarkable piece of work. (67)________. So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.(68)_________. In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities. (69)________. Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.(70)________. Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing---and we still have the numbers... by a lot.(67)_________”“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,”Brice-Hyde said, an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association (BAT).(68)_________ So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are both surprising—and not. If you’ve been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren’t all that shocked to see these things like: 61 percent of educators find work “always” or “often” stressful;27 percent of educators said they’ve been threatened, bullied; 86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we’re seeing more stories about the importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Yet, self-care doesn’t seem to come easily for p eople, and this is definitely true for teachers. (69)________ We think it’s time to change that, though. So in honor of World Mental Health Day, We are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health. Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self-care, along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one.We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators.(70)_________ And it’s pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place—be a good teacher.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Why I stopped worrying about my credit score?If you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurance payments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired.(67)________First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it's important to cultivate your credit scores by using credit responsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise. More important as financial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overall financial health. He writes: “(68)________”FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score, including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed (30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and credit mix (10 percent). (69)________ My husband and I enjoyed steady credit scores above 820 for a while. But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit history tremendously. (70)________ That’s b lackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (首付) on a home or some other big purchase. But once you’re fairly establ ished financially, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The art of academic writing is not easy to master. (67) ________ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time. (68) _________ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctl y composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? (69) ________ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). (70) _________ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences. (67)_________ Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.(68)________ However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have already achieved what you want to do. Look at other unsuccessful person and you’ll notice one thing common in all of them. They took time to learn and mastered their craft like no one else. There is no elevator to success; you have to take the stairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny is different than anyone else’s out there in the world. (69)_________.You don’t have to live your lif e in a way society wants you to. (70)________ Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don’t want because other children haveselected that career. Worst of all, people follow them without even asking. There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest, sooner or later you’ll realize that you should first do what you think is right.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. (67)________ Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It's important for inner peace.(68)________ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice.(69)________ They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience.Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death”but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.(70)________.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Unit the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animals, and largely accept that many species are capable of some level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(掌击) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(击掌) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response, (67)________ Gradually, scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs.But huge disagreement exists. For example, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters （龙虾）feel pain. Some researchers argue lobsters are two dissimilar to vertebrates（脊椎动物）to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, and learn to avoid dangerous situations. (68)________ In result, today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants prefer more humane methods. (69)_________ To satisfy picky diners, more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods. Stabbing a lobster in the head isn't a good option, as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious.Currently, the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes( 点击) a lobster. (70)_________ The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.C. This is when components are still unstable and tend towards what is called off-gassing.D. Just reading a list of the substances is scary enough, and the danger of exposure is scarier still.E. The source of the smell so many buyers find appealing is in the various substances used in car construction.F. Fortunately, high concentrations of these compounds gradually disappear just a few months after manufacture.Is New-car Smell Bad for Your Health?The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms, for which there’s a good reason. That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals, some of which can be highly poisonous.(67)_______ Many of these contain volatile (挥发性的) organic compounds (VOCs), some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities. Others are just bad for you.“It’s a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances,” said Jeff Gearhart, Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan. The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,” he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”(68)________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system—or even cancer. (69)________The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and that new car smell is most noticeable.(70)________ It is the release of chemical vapours, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction. The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated (通风的), especially during the first six months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside—especially on hot days.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Traffic Regulation and Accident PreventionWe live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. (67)_________Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. (68)________ There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.(69)________ It’s all for his own convenience. Due to a serious tragedy, the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makes the town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough.Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers. (70)_______ These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended run on Broadway in 2019. (67) Directed by Xu Jun, Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese. Shimmer, which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution (迫害) during World War II, was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015. (68) The musical’s scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. With this play being shown on Broadway, the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened.And through this drama, the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture.(69) To deal with the problem, many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences. Currently, those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group — people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences, white-collar and even gold-collar workers. There are only a handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way to motivate the public and get them into the theater.(70) There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office hits.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Travel the World by BikeRachel Hugens met her husband, Patrick, while bicycle touring. The Hugenses, who live in Boise, when not on their bikes, recently went on their latest round-the-world adventure. Theyvisited 36 countries on a tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America.“Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom,” Rachel said via email. “On a bike, you become part of the scenery. The landscape is not framed by a window. (67)________”A growing communityDennis Swift, secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S last year–from Seattle to Salem, Massachusetts. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day.“We took quite a few pictures; we didn’t keep our head down the whole way,” Swift said. “We got to meet different people. It’s the people that are probably most important.” Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He’s planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year.“When you get older, your health is the number one priority.” he said, “(68)________”Seeing the places in between“Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that ma ny backpackers traveling by bus would pass by,” Patrick said. “(69)_______” The challenges, beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required, include navigating visa requirements, food choices, language barriers, poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel, Rachel said.Financial flexibility to travelThis is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a registered nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They’re uncertain what will happen this time.They’ve given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home, commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most (cell phones, cable TV). They travel with a $50 daily budget.“(70)________” Rachel said. “We’ve met some cyclists traveling long term on a $10 daily budget. They can travel as long as their money lasts, so they’re motivated to spend wisely.”Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in thebox. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use "we-talk".Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5, 000 participants.(67)________.The word “we” moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent. “(68)________. Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them." Robbins told Science Daily.(69)________. The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner--especially important in times of stress and disagreement.Contrary to "we-talk", there is "I-talk", which refers to the frequent use of the first-person singular pronouns, such as "I", "me" and "mine", when writing or speaking. Earlier this year, researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4,7000 people in Germany and the US.(70)_________. As you can see from the two studies, too much "I-talk" can make you feel depressed. But "we-talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others.So next time you are talking to a friend, try using more "we-talk". You may find yourself feeling more positive--and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Help Migrant WorkersThere is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a migrant worker it perhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year’s toil in his pocket is the best thing he c an think of. (67)________. They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up.About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible。

上海市各区2019年高三英语一模汇编----完形填空-老师版(已校对)

A Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it’s good to know that new __41__ is making cash -- banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions(交易) so there’s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it’s __43__ to make contactless payments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on “plastic” -- an informal name for a credit card -- can put you at risk of fraud (诈骗). Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police’s detective work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is £30. And, if someone does go on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ of chip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier’s in shops and has led to a(n) __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there’s now a __50__ using wearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert, says “this is __51__ for people who don’t want to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods.”And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay (指纹支付) system which “reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger.” The trick is remembering which finger you __54__ with in the bank -- that’s when good old-fashioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D. analysis42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate43. A. definite B. possible C. formal D. legal44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D. Withdrawing46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However48. A. introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution51. A. reserved B. provided C. intended D. chosen52. A. particularly B. specially C. simply D. purposefully53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D. inconvenient54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted55. A. attempt B. demand C. prefer D. aimKeys:41-55: CABDC BDABD CADBCTraditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense —those for the military, for example, were originally __41__ to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in __42__ — chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing __43__ on their role in mirroring the image of an organization and in uniting the workforce, particularly in “customer facing” industries. From uniforms and workwear has emerged “__44__ clothing”. “The people you employ are yo ur ambassadors (大使),” says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance.” From being a simple means of __45__ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.Truly effective marketing through __46__ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however.How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colours give a sense of __47__ while lighter colour shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism (守旧), while others a sense of __48__ to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear __49__, everybody can’t look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of colour, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always __50__. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 __51__ for 85% of total sales — £380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to __52__ two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniform will work if staff feel unc omfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is __53__ if the look doesn’t express the business’s marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When it comes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will __54__ their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to __55__ years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.41. A. intended B. tended C. extended D. attended42. A. statue B. stability C. status D. statistics43. A. preference B. argument C. compliment D. emphasis44. A. cooperate B. political C. corporate D. academic45. A. exposing B. identifying C. qualifying D. requesting46. A. studio B. audio C. visual D. casual47. A. clarity B. authority C. availability D. accessibility48. A. exposure B. rejection C. reluctance D. openness49. A. stable B. uniform C. innovative D. similar50. A. smooth B. disagreeable C. objective D. complex51. A. exchange B. call C. stand D. account52. A. establish B. balance C. neglect D. desert53. A. pointless B. significant C. useful D. careless54. A. maintain B. shape C. draw D. value55. A. commit B. command C. dedicate D. investKeys:41-55 ACDCB CBDCA DBABDEverybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial(无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature —to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing (杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly __53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish toextinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens(病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden __55__. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable44. A. As a result B. For example C. By contrast D. In fact45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted50. A. civilization B. interference C. interaction D. maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced53. A. damaging B. flexible C. doubtful D. outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down55. A. agriculture B. vegetation C. atmosphere D. natureKeys:41—55 ABCDC ABCAB BCACDAbout five years ago, when the first generation of wearable fitness tracker s became popular, they were announced as the dawn of a revolution. Health experts and busniesspeople alike said that giving people access to real-time calorie (卡路里)- burning and step-count data would inspire themto lose weight, eat better and -most important- ____41____ more. But even as the U.S. market for ___42____ devices hits $7 billion this year, there’s evidence that their promise isn’t quite paying off.The U.S. has an exercise problem, with 28% of Americans ages 50 and over considered wholly ___43____. That means 31 million adults move no more than is necessary to perform the most basic functions of daily life. Wearables, experts ___44___, wer e going to change that.But limited academic research has been done to figure out whether wearables ____45____ people’s behavior in the long term. The little research that does exist isn’t ____46____. For a recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers wanted to see whether activity trackers would help overweight people lose more weight over two years than if they just did a weight-loss intervention(干预) alone. They didn’t. “We found that just giving people a device doesn’t mean it’s going to ____47____ something you think it’s going to lead to,” says John Jakicic, the author of the study, from the University of Pittsburgh. “These activity trackers don’t engage people in strategies that make a ___48___ in terms of long-term change”Another new study highlighted a different challenge: user ____49___. By the end of a yearlong study of 800 people, just 10% of participants were still wearing the trackers, according to, Eric Finkelstein, a professor at the Duke- NUS Medical School in Singap ore. “We didn’t find that Fitbits really have much of an effect,” he says. This may well be because people expect trackers to do something they’re not designed to do-- ____50____, force them to change their behavior. “There’s ____51____ among people about their function, a measurement tool and an intervention,” Finkelstein says. A scale counts pounds, ____52____, but won’t teach you how to eat less. “When people put these devices on, they might interact with the app(应用程序) for the first few weeks, maybe the first few months, but there comes a point where that starts to fall off,” says Finkelstein.To be ____53___, some of the costlier add higher-tech wearables have features baked into them that encourage users to move more, says Shelten Yuen, Fitbit’s vic e president of research. Among them: shaking sensors, movement reminders and social- media combination, all designed to ____54____ users to make better health choices every day. But more research will be needed to determine whether or not these ____55____ -- or others like them--measurably improve people’s health and fitness levels.41. A. learn B. purchase C. exercise D. perform42. A. wearable B. electronic C. hi-tech D. built-in43. A. misunderstood B. inactive C. discourage D. unchangeable44. A. announced B. determined C. hoped D. noticed45. A. limit B. understand C. interpret D. change46. A. encouraging B. interesting C. pioneering D. challenging47. A. benefit from B. result in C. add to D. look for48. A. design B. movement C. profit D. difference49. A. reduction B. participation C. creation D. expectation50. A. namely B. therefore C. however D. shortly51. A. argument B. popularity C. confusion D. interaction52. A. by the way B. in other words C. of course D. for example53. A. fair B. cute C. accessible D. technical54. A. persuade B. motivate C. follow D. teach55. A. concepts B. sensors C. scales D. featuresKeys:CDABDTwo key climate change indicators — global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent — have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analyses of ground-based observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest (41) month globally in the modern temperature record, which (42) 1880,according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from January to June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, with a(n)(43) temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the late nineteenth century.Five of the first six months of 2016 also (44) the smallest respective monthly Arctic sea ice (45) since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analyses developed by scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one (46)_____, March, recorded the second smallest for that month.(47)these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientists saidit is more significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing their decades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising (48) of heat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically (49) 40 percent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent in September, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been (50) at a rate of 13.4 percent per decade."While the El Nino event in the tropical Pacific this winter (51) the gaining global temperatures from October, it is the basic trend which is producing these record numbers," GISS Director Gavin Schmidt said. (52) El Nino events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such as in 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Nino wear off, global temperatures have risen well beyond those of 18 years ago (53) the overall warming that has taken place in that time.The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional (54) in the Arctic, said Walt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA Goddard. "It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," Meier said. "This warmth as well as unusual weather (55) have led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year."41.A. resistant B. respective C. resolved D. remote42. A. makes sense ofB. keeps up with C. dates back to D. goes ahead of43. A. average B. ordinary C. common D. temporary44. A. confirmed B. witnessed C. involved D. conducted45. A. standard B. content C. amount D. extent46. A. datum B. example C. month D. exception47. A. While B. When C. After D. As48. A. combinations B. reductions C. concentrations D. applications49. A. includes B. covers C. approaches D. indicates50. A. increasing B. changing C. declining D. moving51. A. ended up with B. gave rise to C. broke away from D. resulted from52. A. Frequent B. Natural C. Disastrous D. Previous53. A. in return for B. in case of C. in spite of D. because of54. A. warming B. falling C. gathering D. changing55. A. forecasts B. varieties C. patterns D. illustrationsKEYS:BCABD DACBCCelebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific ____41____. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ____44____ consumers, while today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who ____47____ his consum er appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____ returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him ____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the nextfrontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been ____55____. So the next time celebrities introduce their lines of fashion, let’s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On the contrary44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers46. A. rapidly B. moderately C. reluctantly D. carefully47. A. ignored B. disapproved C. overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. manages D. strengthens49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D. disappointment50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D. embarrassment51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speeded up D. faded away52. A. fame B. fortune C. trouble D. risk53. A. information B. knowledge C. reputation D. expansion54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance55. A. admirable B. productive C. temporary D. respectableKEYS:CABDB ACBAD CADBCMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products 41 at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But whilea shop's scent may not be outstanding 42 sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to 43 .A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be 44 but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’45 to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands46 as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very 47 experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the ___48_____for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’ ____49___ attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the 50 of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. Bui while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店）can offer a full experience from the minute customers 51 through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a(n) 52____. And scent is just one way to _53__ __ this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder 54____ through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, 55____their perfect scent.KEYS:CBABC DAADB ACBDCThe two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns __41__ a society’s primary subsistence (存在) strategy.American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill four crucial social __42__: (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children tovalues, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family __43__ its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and __44__. For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for __45__.In recent years, social scientists have discovered important __46__ in family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin (亲戚). American families also __47__ according to soci al class. A couple’s social class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of __48__ to the family because of illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergoand the way parents raise their children.__49__, the extent to which American families now differ by __50__ appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.The American family has been __51__ in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have __52__ diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue __53__ and share family responsibilities.Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are __54__ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how __55__ will these future adaptations be?41.A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace42.A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions43.A. with regard to B. in terms of C. in combination with D. for the purpose of44.A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually45.A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production46.A. variations B. units C. arrangements D. characteristics47.A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve48.A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application49.A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However50.A. family size B.work pressure C. economic status D. social class51.A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing52.A. focused on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for53.A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals54.A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worrying about D. getting rid of55.A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. naturalKeys:41-55 ADBCD ACBDD DBCACDirections MatterJet lag (时差感) may be the worst part of travelling, and it hits many people harder travellingeast than west. Why they feel this way isThe model imitates the way neuronal oscillator cells (神经振子细胞) 42 crossing time zones. These cells in our brains 43 our biological clocks. However, the cells don’t quite operate on a perfect 24-hour schedule. Instead, their activity follows a 44 that lasts slightly longer than that, about 24.5 hours. According to Michelle Girvan, an associate professor of physics at the University of Maryland and a co-author of the study, that means it’s 45 for us to extend the length of a day—for example, by flying west across time zones—than to shorten the day, by flying east.The scientists found that for 46 travel, a person who crossed three time zones would fully 47 in a little less than four days. For six time zones, recovery would take about six days. For nine time zones, the recovery would take just less than eight days.However, when a person travels eastward, the recovery time doesn’t match up as 48 . When a person crosses three time zones going east, it takes a little more than four days to recover. For six time zones, the recovery time 49 to more than eight days. And for nine time zones, the recovery period is more than 12 days.Girvan noted that not everyone has a biological clock of exactly 24.5 hours. 50 , it varies from person to person. The other factor to consider is 51 cues such as sunlight, Girvan added. How a person reacts to these cues can also 52 how quickly he or she will adjust to a new time zone.The scientists hope that their new model can be used in the future to figure out the best ways to 53 jet lag. For example, if you will be traveling six time zones eastward, start by setting your clock ahead an hour or two several days before you leave. And when you arrive in a new time zone, make sure that the outside cues you are exposed to 54 the new time zone. That means that if it’s daytime in the new time zone, expose yourself to sunlight. And if it’s nighttime, avoid artificial 55 , including those from smartphones and computers, to help your biological clock adjust.41. A. incredible B. apparent C. surprising D. unclear42. A. cope with B. account for C. respond to D. result in43. A. kick B. watch C. stop D. regulate44. A. cycle B. routine C. process D. pattern45. A. safer B. easier C. more dangerous D. more difficult46. A. eastward B. southward C. westward D. northward47. A. adjust B. understand C. prepare D. change48. A. relatively B. nicely C. classically D. awkwardly49. A. reduces B. jumps C. contributes D. leads50. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. However D. Rather51. A. external B. verbal C. social D. chemical52. A. promote B. emphasize C. impact D. orient53. A. form B. endure C. shelter D. beat54. A. specify B. match C. shift D. destroy55. A. lights B. barriers C. flavours D. soundsKeys:41. D 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. B 50. D 51. A 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. A。

2019年高考英语真题分类汇编--语法填空(附详细解析)

2019年高考英语真题分类汇编---语法填空1.2019年全国1卷阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.2.2019年全国2卷阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

上海高三英语2019各区一模完形填空汇编含答案

虹口区Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that fits the context.This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though ___41___ you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are ___42___ in many ways; many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would ___43___ many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine （咖啡因）as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight’s sleep and tomorrow’s school performance, ___44___ nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well __45____ the theme of this article.The power of caffeineCaffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes ___46___ symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts’ diets.How much is healthy?Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy. ___47___, it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium （钙）. Caffeine probablecauses the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume ___48___ amount of caffeine a day (≤100mg).Caffeine’s ___49___.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are 50 to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于) caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after_51, thus causing teens worse performance the next day. It is widely assumed that adequate sleep_52 proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, the brain goes through a period called synaptic pruning( 突触修剪) when unnecessary connections are promoted.Caffeine labellingCaffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a 53. It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required. Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that 54 to reduce swelling (肿块)Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish(无精打采的, you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other 55 ways to boost energy so that you can masteradulting better than many adults.41A. potentially B. necessarily C. developmentally D. materially42A. mature B. experienced C. productive D. disciplined 43A. delight B. frustrate C. liberate D. exclude44A. promote B. assist C. intensify D. discourage45A. call for B. account for C. turn to D. appeal to46A. withdrawal B. addiction C. nutrition D. infection47A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Otherwise 48A. initial B. sufficient C. moderate D. stable 49A. reputations B. confirmations C. implications D. disadvantages 50A. subjected B. alerted C. reduced D. opposed 51A. stimulation B. concentration C. excitement D. consumption 52A. results from B. contributes to C. benefits from D. attends to 53A. therapy B. material C. nutrient D. substitute54A. fail B. appear C. promise D. happen 55A. instructive B. comprehensive C. extensive D. alternative答案CABDB ; ABCDA; DBCCD静安区Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.You’ve been painting for a few years, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two. Are you ready to ___41___ the title of an amateur artist?Distinguishing green hand from professional artists is ___42___ task. It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings. It’s not only about painting techniques. And for most cases, it doesn’t happen ___43___. Very few artists become overnight success without years of struggle and suffering.To turn professional, people find it critical to develop a personal style. What makes your paintings ___44___ among other paintings out there? Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator? A personal style comes along with technique, painting medium, and subject and it tends to develop gradually over time. You ___45___ it through unconscious and constant exploring and self-shaping. Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium. Salvador Dali used to use many artistic media, but they all have a ___46___ Dali style. Style refers to the emotions and thoughts delivered by your paintings, which people can identify with. Their ___47___ of the painter is then a sure thing.Artists talk about their ___48___ all of the time. What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? ___49___, we all love to do what we do and we get a satisfaction out of creating. For the professional artist, it goes beyond that. Some artists wish to convey a deep message concerning life, society or even politics. Others simply seek ___50___ returns to cover kids’ tuition fees or pay family bills. Yet, all professional artists know that they have to keep working to achieve the goals.Many amateur artists passively wait for ___51___ to come. If they are not in the mood, they do not bother wasting the time. They sometimes allow themselves to be occupied by events like parties. Professionals are never easily ___52___ or torn away from their art work in progress. Focused on their work so much, some even regard spending time outside their ___53___ as crime ___54___ is their secret to high productivity.Besides, professional artists are constantly prepared to grab new ideas for the next painting, which they believe is sure to be better than the previous one. The belief that there is always room for ___55___ keeps driving them forward in the art world where many masters have come along.41. A. step beyond B. turn off C. see through D. make up42. A. rewarding B. tricky C. formal D. temporary43. A. individually B. thoroughly C. instantly D. sincerely44. A. unique B. superior C. practical D. reliable45. A. acquire B. transfer C. imitate D. analyze46. A. recent B. distinct C. modest D. logical47. A. preservation B. employment C. adaption D. recognition48. A. background B. significance C. motivation D. routine49. A. To sum up B. In contrast C. In addition D. In general50. A. academic B. global C. financial D. original51. A. inspiration B. fame C. guidance D. solution52. A. offended B. dominated C. distracted D. rewarded53. A. studio B. bedroom C. garage D. garden54. A. Reflection B. Devotion C. Creativity D. illustration55 A negotiation B profit C criticism D improvement答案ABCAA; BDCDC; ACABD;杨浦区Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.According to German novelist Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), a house without books is like a room without windows. Mann ___41___ pointed out the value of books, but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world.A new study in the journal Social Science Research, publishing inOctober, suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational ___42___, and to achieve more in life, than people who grow up without them. In the study, over 160,000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old. Then they were_ 43_ in literacy, numeracy (计算能力) and information communication technology.The research shows that the number of books for each household 44_ greatly from country to country.45 _, the number of books is27 in Turkey, 143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia. But "the total46_ of home library size on literacy are large everywhere” , according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University ina paper based on the study.The researcher found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a(n)_47_ score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books.The Guardian newspaper commented that “bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage.""Reading books in a young age can_ 48 shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy; its impacts are __49 to additional years of education."Sikora told Science Alert.Apart from the educational benefits, growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success."Early_50_ to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that 5l_ lifelong cognitive(认知的)abilities", Sikora told Science Alert. These abilities are_ 52_ to future development.Without doubt, the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could_ 53_ the importance of printed books. For now, 54_, "they still seem to_ 55_ quite a positive benefit, which shows no sign of decreasing", researchers wrote in the paper.41. A. simply B. definitely C. generally D. randomly42 A. backgrounds B. advantages C. requirements D. development43. A. estimated B. examined C. tested D. investigated44 A. changes B. alters C. shifts D. varies45 A By comparison B. As a result C. For instance D. In total46. A. effects B. expenses C. inputs D. contributions47. A. higher B. lower C. average D. similar48. A. make up for B break up with C. live up to D. catch up with49 A. senior B. essential C. equal D. familiar50. A. addition B. engagement C. devotion D. exposure51. A. prove B. demonstrate C. enhance D. acquire52. A. relevant B. crucial C. opposite D. compulsory53. A. weaken B. highlight C. overestimate D. reflect54. A. therefore B. however C otherwise D. likewise55. A. enjoy B. obtain C. maintain D. reduce答案：ABCDC; ADACD; CBABC;奉贤区Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another isThey want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certainmatter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very differentThe controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristicsbehavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completelythat our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beingsview of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humansthe US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are geneticallyscores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational andother environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do notNeither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter oftwo extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. dominated C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likely答案CBADB ; BCDDA; ADABD;宝山区Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The search for new, clean energy sources have occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common ___41___ for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.Standard wind power plants rely on strong support and ___42___ can only reach the height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that, winds tend to be stronger and steadier, but the challenge is ___43___ how to obtain the energy from those winds.Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable (可充气的) wings ___44___ to electrical generator (发电机) on the ground.The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun, but many challenges remain, including making the generator more ___45___ and perfecting the automatic flight control and structure of the kites. Nevertheless, in June 2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate ___46___ at an altitude of up to 700 meters.Meanwhile, in Italy, researchers are working on a(n) ___47___ power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen, senses wind blowing, kites are ___48___ from the end of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle. These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming object ___49___ planes, helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light, tough and able to reach fairly high altitude. The loop (绕行) around in the wind, which sets the center of the generator in emotion ___50___ electric current.KiteGen has the ___51___ to be very cost-effective in the long run. After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant, little ___52___ investment will be necessary, apart from standard maintenance. The plant also requires ___53___ little space, which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more ___54___.Kite power has the potential to greatly ___55___ on current wind power strategies. In the future, it may be an efficient cost efficient supplement to the other sources of energy use or even a replacement for some of them41. A resolution B. proposal C. resource D. substitute42. A. generally B. frequently C. continually D. regularly43. A. carrying out B. figuring out C. breaking out D. picking out44. A. chosen B. applied C. collected D. connected45. A. efficient B. complete C. powerful D. positive46. A. actively B. passively C. automatically D. artificially47. A. strange B. similar C. different D. original48 A fastened B. revealed C. tailored D. released49. A. except for B. instead of C. such as D. due to50. A. producing B. inventing C. promoting D. developing51. A. qualification B. potential C. trend D. intention52. A. normal B. formal C. additional D. alternate53. A. concretely B.abstractly C thoroughly D. relatively54. A. energy B. strength C. technology D. opportunity55. A. focus B. extend C. improve D. transfer答案；CABDA; CBDCA; BCDAC黄浦区Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___44___.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four yearsbefore they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___54___. It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensively51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. What’s more52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threat答案；BCBDA; CBACD; ABACD;嘉定区Section A (15分)Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary three that is distinct from the one that led to humans. But they constantly astonish researchers with __41__ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and __42__ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended fami ly members who then aren’t free to breed themselves.A new study further __43__ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones __44__ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for __45__ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀）with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more __46__ explanation.One possibility is that an individual practices __47__ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By __48__ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may __49__ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior __50__ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of __51__ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) __52__. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the __53__ appeared to be true.Anthropologists（人类学家）from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often ,in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared theircricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time. "Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or 54 avoidance," the study author reported. "Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more 55 expressed when individuals are alone with young.”41. A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual42. A. evolving B. communicating C. organizing D. parenting43. A. shines B. damages C. affects D. protects44. A. at play B. in private C. on schedule D. by accident45. A. adequate B. effective C. continual D. mutual46. A. creative B. complex C. specific D. official47. A. generosity B. wisdom C. independence D. governance48. A. promising B. demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining49. A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes51. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous52. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge53. A. statistics B. expectations C. argument D. opposite54. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty55. A. strongly B. casually C. delicately D. fearlessly答案；CDABD; CABCA; CBDBA;金山区Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The constant working engine that drives the majority of human action is, undoubtedly, the fragrant dream of individualism. And while the presence of its scent is (41) throughout the world entirely, its value is worshipped (敬奉) to such an extent in a land no other than that ofAmerica.As the framework of its history, America holds individuality as the ever-popular green light, the essence of which becomes the symbol of hope for, well, almost everything. In fact, in America’s current social status, indivi duality has become something of a birthright, and a (42) applied upon the face of the media, where it was (43) valued as the American dream. There is no denying the popularity of this idol in American society, and little hope for (44) it.However, (45) most pride themselves in their individualistic state, perhaps humans, when stripped (剥) to their core (核心), are everything but.It is no new discovery that people are the sum of their experiences. The overwhelming majority of human experiences involve other humans, along with the (46) and relationships between them. It is a (47) occurrence when a life is built upon events without this stimulus. Indeed, interaction is the core of experience. Therefore, in order that humans are the sum of their experiences, they must be the sum of the people that they meet, just as well.As an Americanized teen, I found the discovery that not only my self-entitled individualism was (48) , but that I, as a being, was a product, increasingly unsettling to accept. Questions (49)_____ me such as “If I am bits and pieces of everyone I have met — my family, my teachers, all of my friends, and even strangers — then what is left that is just me? What part of me is just me? How much of myself is the combining of different parts of different people? Is such a (50) between myself and others even possible?”Such are inquiries that will continue to be thought about, as I have come to accept that they will remain a (51) . Therefore, with the allowance of these questions, the response must be a (52)_______ in the definition of “oneself”. The previously mentioned questions no longer concern me, as I have put a stop to the idea that the “real” me is some lost isolated island on top of an ocean of influence.I realized that my personality cannot depend on a(n) (53) between influence and individualism, as such is a line that cannot be distinct. (54) , I must be a person whose calmness is a beautifully hazy mixture, and a steady question. Thus, it is the commonly unnoticed durable mystery that is the frustration of those who can (55) the lie of individualism. Hopefully, they will come into acceptance.41. A. unpredictable B. untrustworthy C. unreliable D. undeniable42. A. necessity B. characteristic C. mark D. model43. A. later B. previously C. extremely D. publicly44. A. destroying B. appreciating C. chasing D. escaping45. A. though B. if C. since D. as46. A. conflict B. tension C. interaction D. cooperation47. A. common B. rare C. frequent D. strange48. A. right B. justified C. unclear D. false49. A. affected B. interrupted C. bothered D. surprised50. A. separation B. combination C. contrast D. communication51. A. secret B. mystery C. truth D. fantasy52. A. gap B. belief C. factor D. change53. A. distinction B. connection C. exchange D. medium54. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Furthermore55. A. break up B. make up C. cope with D. see through答案；DABDA; CBDCA; BDACD;浦东新区Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early decision---you apply to one school, and admission is binding (有法律约束力的)---seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools ___41___ a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled. And if you do, you're done with the whole painful process by December. But most students and parents don't realize that schools have hidden ___43___ for offering early decision.Early decision, since it's binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students: it allows ___43___ committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate(优秀学生率), which is often used as one of the ways to ___44___ college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively ___45___ the window of time students have to make。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though ___41___ you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are ___42___ in many ways: many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would ___43___ many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine(咖啡因) as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight’s sleep and tomorrow’s school performance, ___44___ nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well ___45___ the theme of this article.The power of caffeineCaffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes ___46___ symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts’ diets.How much is healthy?Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy. ___47___, it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium (钙). Caffeine probably causes the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume ___48___ amounts of caffeine a day (≤100 mg).Caffeine’s ___49___According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are ___50___ to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于) caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after ___51___, thus causing teens’ worse performance the next day. It is widely assumed that adequate sleep ___52___ proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, thebrain goes through a period called synaptic pruning(突触修剪) when unnecessary connections are promoted.Caffeine labellingCaffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a ___53___. It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required. Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that ___54___ to reduce swelling (肿块).Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish (无精打采的), you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other ___55___ ways to boost energy so that you can master adulting better than many adults.41. A. potentially B. necessarily C. developmentally D. materially42. A. mature B. experienced C. productive D. disciplined43. A. delight B. frustrate C. liberate D. exclude44. A. promote B. assist C. intensify D. discourage45. A. call for B. account for C. turn to D. appeal to46. A. withdrawal B. addiction C. nutrition D. infection47. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Otherwise48. A. initial B. sufficient C. moderate D. stable49. A. reputations B. confirmations C. implications D. disadvantages50. A. subjected B. alerted C. reduced D. opposed51. A. stimulation B. concentration C. excitement D. consumption52. A. results from B. contributes to C. benefits from D. attends to53. A. therapy B. material C. nutrient D. substitute54. A. fail B. appear C. promise D. happen55. A. instructive B. comprehensive C. extensive D. alternativeKeys: 41-45 CABDB 46-50 ABCDA 51-55 DBCCDⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated(灌溉) areas this can increase to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___44___.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___54___. It is a classic example of the problem of watereconomics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensively51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. What’s more52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threatKeys: 41-45 BCBDA 46-50 CBACD 51-55 ABACDⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early decision-you apply to one school, and admission is binding(有法律约束力的)---seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools ___41___ a higher percentage of early-decisionapplicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled. And if you do, you’re done with the whole painful process by December. But most students and parents don’t realize that schools have hidden ___42___ for offering early decision.Early decision, since it’s binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows ___43___ committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate(优秀学生率), which is often used as one of the ways to ___44___ college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively ___45___ the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under ___46___ admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni (校友) and arguably make a more ___47___ decision.There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great ___48___. When students become too fixated (专注) on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to ___49___severe disappointment if they don't get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further ___50___, may not actually be right for them.Early decision offers a genuine admissions edge, that advantage goes largely to students who already have ___51___ advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. ___52___, there’s an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how(招生诀窍) to ___53___ figure out the often confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably ___54___ under early decision. But for students who haven't yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely ___55____ the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.41. A. let in B. turn down C. make up D. give away42. A. dangers B. costs C. assumptions D. purposes43. A. admissions B. joint C. inquiry D. investigative44. A. detail B. measure C. achieve D. represent45. A. neglects B. provides C. shortens D. marks46. A. future B. regular C. random D. compulsory47. A. informed B. honoured C. imposed D. complicated48. A. fit B. aid C. hit D. net49. A. therefore B. otherwise C. however D. furthermore50. A. comment B. enhancement C. implication D. reflection51. A. mutual B. favourite C. numerous D. temporary52. A. In other words B. In this regard C. In particular D. In brief53. A. hesitantly B. relatively C. deliberately D. efficiently54. A. consult B. volunteer C. adjust D. apply55. A. occupies B. encloses C. narrows D. exploresKeys: 41-45 ADABC 46-50 BAABD 51-55 CBDDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary tree that is distinct from the one that led to mans. But they constantly astonish researchers with ___41___ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and ___42___ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren't free to breed themselves.A new study further ___43___ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones ___44___ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for ___45___ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀) with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more ___ 46___ explanationOne possibility is that an individual practices ___ 47___ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By ___ 48___ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may ___49___ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior ___50___ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of ___51___ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) ___52___. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the ___53___ appeared to be trueAnthropologists (人类学家) from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often, in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time.” Our results show that he lping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or ___54___ avoidance, “ the study authors reported Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more ___55___ expressed when individuals are alone with young.”41.A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual42.A. evolving B communicating C organizing D. parenting43.A shines B damages C. affects D protests44.A. at play B in private C. on schedule D by accident45.A. adequate B effective C. continual D. mutual46.A. creative B complex C specific D. official47.A. generosity B wisdom C independence D governance48.A. promising B demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining49.A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes51. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous52. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge53. A. statistics B. expectation C. argument D. opposite54. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty55. A. strongly B. causally C. delicately D. fearlesslyKeys: 41 -45 CDABD 36-50 CABCA 51-55 CBDBAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent ___41___ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was ___42___ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to ___43___ daylight.Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it ___44___ in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the ___45___, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were ___46___ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce ___47___ a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory(义务) to ___48___ the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. ___49___, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and ___50___ and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised(制定) five time ___51___ throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on “the mean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich” (England). In 1919, this act was abandoned.President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state ___52___ its own DST, which proved to be ___53___ to television and radio broadcasting and transportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo(禁运) and energy crisis of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon ___54___ DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was ___55___ in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).41.A. popular B. solar C. particular D. singular42.A. employed B. evaluated C. distributed D. contributed43.A. fruitful B. full C. beautiful D. normal44.A. negatively B. alternatively C. extensively D. aggressively45.A. journalist B. physicist C. chemist D. economist46.A. closed B. opened C. fixed D. installed47.A. introduced B. restricted C. donated D. deleted48.A. stop B. adjust C. wind D. mend49.A. Permanently B. Eventually C. Unfortunately D. Theoretically50.A. reserve B. persevere C. preserve D. observe51.A. places B. districts C. zones D. territories52.A. interrupted B. tempted C. imported D. adopted53.A. pleasing B. confusing C. convincing D. comforting54.A. extended B. afforded C. abandoned D. defended55.A. assembled B. combined C. abused D. modifiedKeys: 41-45 BADCD 46-50 AABBC 51-55 CDBADⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.After my public lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, “Are we still evolving?”People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but ___41___: We’re almost certainly evolving, but don’t know in what ___42___ or how fast.We’ve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia, but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10,000 years, several populations of humans — those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk— gained the ability to digest dairy products. This quality was ___43___ useless in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired ___44___ genetic adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, so the ___45___ evidence for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” ___46___ disagree. Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’re doing it to ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have ___47___ controlled evolution — not just in our own species but virtually in allspecies: “For better or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of ___48___ change. We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now ___49___ in our hands.”According to the authors, we’ve replaced natural selection with what they call “___50___unnatural selection.” Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish species, for taking the biggest fish is ___51___ those smaller fishes.Yet while there’s no doubt that we’re changing the planet, the claim that we’re completely changing evolution on the planet ___52___does not follow. Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example. This ___53___phenomenon has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction(极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.The authors speak with ___54___unwarranted assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they claim, for example, our ingestion(摄取) of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that “our children’ s brains are evolving fast,” they are abusing(滥用) the word “___55___evolution.” Out children’s brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological(药理学的)environment, but change alone is not evolution.41. A. instructive B. disappointing C. decisive D. conflicting42. A. direction B. region C. frequency D. condition43. A. beneficial B. adaptable C. unique D. useless44. A. unproved B. changeable C. genetic D. mysterious45. A. study B. evidence C. interest D. implication46. A. disagree B. support C. follow D. approve47. A. delayed B. overdone C. neglected D. controlled48. A. unbalance B. disaster C. change D. disturbance49. A. in our hands B. out of order C. in peace D. out of control50. A. destructive B. unnatural C. adventurous D. emotional51. A. by means of B. at the cost of C. in favor of D. for the protection of52. A. makes no sense B. makes great impressionC. calls attentionD. comes to an end53. A. problem B. mistake C. phenomenon D. obstacle54. A. strong B. baseless C. sensitive D. persuasive55. A. environment B. technology C. exposure D. evolutionKeys: 41-45 BADCB 46-50 ADCAB 51-55 CACBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or; phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is ___41___.Social scientists are of course ___42___ interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two ___43___ schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between ___44___ of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.Those who ___45___ the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are ___46___ determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is ___47___ to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our ___48___.Supporter s of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, ___49___, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely ___50___ by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to ___51___ stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behaviour.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are ___52___ . In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status t han whites are. Behaviorists, ___53___, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same ___54___ that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. As a matter of fact, it is quite ___55___ that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. dominated C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelyKeys: 41-45 CBADB 46-50 BCDDA 51-55 ADABDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.You’ve been painting for a few years, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two. Are you ready to ___41___ the title of an amateur artist?Distinguishing green hand from professional artists is ___42___ task. It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings. It’s not only about painting techniques. And for most cases, it doesn’t happen ___43___. Very few artists become overnight success without years of struggle and suffering.To turn professional, people find it critical to develop a personal style. What makes your paintings ___44___ among other paintings out there? Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator? A personal style comes along with technique, painting medium, and subject and it tends to develop gradually over time. You ___45___ it through unconscious and constant exploring and self-shaping. Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium. Salvador Dali used to use many artistic media, but they all have a ___46___ Dali style. Style refers to the emotions and thoughts delivered by your paintings, which people can identify with. Their ___47___ of the painter is then a sure thing.Artists talk about their ___48___ all of the time. What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? ___49___, we all love to do what we do and we get a satisfaction out of creating. For the professional artist, it goes beyond that. Some artists wish to convey a deep message concerning life, society or even politics. Others simply seek ___50___ returns to cover k ids’ tuition fees or pay family bills. Yet, all professional artists know that they have to keep working to achieve the goals.Many amateur artists passively wait for ___51___ to come. If they are not in the mood, they do not bother wasting the time. They sometimes allow themselves to be occupied by events like parties. Professionals are never easily ___52___ or torn away from their art work in progress. Focused on their work so much, some even regard spending time outside their ___53___ as crime ___54___ is their secret to high productivity.Besides, professional artists are constantly prepared to grab new ideas for the next painting, which they believe is sure to be better than the previous one. The belief that there is always room。

(完整版)2019上海高考英语一模语法填空汇编含答案,推荐文档

上海高考英语题型训练: 语法填空2019 年高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查II. Grammar and VocabularySection A, Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Unit 1, 宝ft区：Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the c ountry (21) (occupy)by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decideto "relocate" the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know (22)their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23) (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish.But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of t he Jewish(24) (rescue)during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are m uch (25) (big)than the story itself.Annemarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26) (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns t hat (27) (be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the f act (28) you are afraid, That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing(预示). But it is also interesting, and the characters a re (29) (engage). The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowry. The author, has written award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) has made her so celebrated.21. is occupied 22. why 23.killed 24. rescued 25. bigger26. to make 27. being 28. that 29. engaging 30. that/whichUnit 2, 长宁区：Planting PatriotismYoung boys are not easily shocked, but 12-year-old Preston Sharp sure knows the feeling. “Yeah, I was surprised and even disappointed, ” Preston said , Preston’s mom , April Sharp said , “It is the first t ime I（21）（see）him like this angry and passionate.”What upset her son so much was visiting his grandpa’s grave in Redding, California ,and realizing that not every veteran(老兵) in the cemetery has a flag. So April told him “son, (22) you are going to complain about something, you have to do something about it or let it go”Next thing April knew, Preston was taking on odd jobs and asking for donations（23 (buy) flags and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery. And when that cemetery(24) (cover), he moved on to another, and then another.Here we are，nearly three years and about 65,000 graves later. He does it every week(25) the weather is like，rain or shine---especially rain，” They were out there in the rain doing their j ob, (26) (protect)us，” Preston said，His devotion is infections.When word gets out(27) Preston will be at a cemetery---he has a Facebook page，Preston Sharp/Vet flags and Flowers---people，like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland, feel(28) (oblige)to join in, ”It’s amazing，” Loveland said.” What he’s doing b rings (29) out because we can’t believe a young man in this country is doing what he does, ”It is a movement of young and old, of those who served and those who are so grateful for what they did, all led by a proud grandson(30) saw an injustice and decided to do something about it.21. have seen 22.if/when/whenever 23. to buy 24.was covered/had been covered 25 .whatever 26. protecting 27.that 28. obliged 29. us 30. who/thatUnit 3, 崇明区Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” look like regular bicycles, but they have electric- powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21) (fast).(22) it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23) the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24) (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25) also seize the bikes.Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long h ours (26) (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27)their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people r efuse to pay for the food, which makes the workers’ supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New YorkDelivery Workers Union. He says (28) (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public P roject, (29) provides assistance to bicycle-related worker s in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30) e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.21. faster 22. Although/Though/While 23. for 24. meant 25. can26. to earn 27. because/as/since 28. being caught 29. which 30. thatUnit 4, 奉贤区To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons (神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your f ace (25)you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28)(give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.21. have learned 22. abandoning 23. quit 24.to grow 25. so that 26. which27. what 28. Given/Having been given 29. those 30. despite/though/although Unit 5, 虹口区Dear headmaster,On hearing the news that a Reading Festival is to be held on campus on the World Book and Copyright Day and the possible project is open to be recommended, I (21) hardly wait to write to you, sharing my humble opinions.As far as I’m concerned, the theme of the festival can be “sharing”, primarily (22) (consist) of three parts. Firstly, the festival can start with a 30-minute discussion where groups of students can exchange and share what they (23) (expose) to recently, expressing themselves freely. Following this section is the speech. Teacher and student representatives previously selected by us are to share and recommend the book they think really deserving to be read. It’s needless to say that the last sharing section which is the most meaningful is donation, during (24) time everyone present, teachers or students, is expected to donate one or more books to the library. As for w hen (25) (hold) the activity, the afternoon may be an ideal choice so that it won’t interrupt our classes.My advice is justified by the following reasons. First and foremost, it is in the group discussion and exchange that we students can have a thorough idea (26) our peers are reading for the moment, serving as a driving force for our own reading journey. So it is (27) the books recommended. Named by those “idols” in our mind, they will definitely win our heart. As for the donation, the benefits are exactly self-evident. (28) can we share beyond our class or even beyond our school, developing a good campus tradition, but (29) (importantly), these books which are sure to be dusted on our shelves can now be of more value.I’m looking forward to your favorable reply. And (30) is my sincere hope that the festival can be a great success and we can gain a lot from it.Yours, Amy Young21. can 22. consisting 23. have been exposed 24. which 25. to hold26. what 27. with 28. Not only 29. more importantly 30. itUnit 6, 黄浦区Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say 21 toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean t hem.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before 22（die）from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms a nd finally 23 （confess）to the crime.24 in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look atthe surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from 25 of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, 26 countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. I n an 27 （early）study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who 28 （use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures m ight show 29 people have gone andwhat they have touched. They could prove 30 an unmarked device is y ours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. thatUnit 7, 嘉定区People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, (21) realizing that they’re paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their datato advertisers that want to send (22) (target) messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no i dea (23) they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook — you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules (24) many things—your city, your photo, your friends’ names — were set, by default（默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “(25)(satisfying) experience.”Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, (26) involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?So far the privacy issue (27) (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.I suspect that whatever Facebook has d one (28) (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering (29) (cancel) my account.Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30) information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.21. without 22. targeted 23. what 24. so that 25. less satisfying 26. which 27. has landed 28. to invade 29. cancel(l)ing 30. my Unit 8, 金ft区However depressed you may be feeling now, if you look back, there certainly will have been events that made you happy—maybe the time (21) you bought your first bicycle or you were awarded a scholarship. When good things happen, we feel excited, proud and happy.But the problem is, happiness doesn’t usually last. The excitement of that first bicycle purchase wears off, and the pride in the scholarship gives way to the stress of performing (22) (well) on the next exam.Psychologists call this phenomenon hedonic adaptation (享乐适应症)—that is, (23)good something makes us feel, most of the time we drift back to (24) we started. An often (25) (quote) example is that lottery winners are no happier than non-winners eighteen months after their win.But don’t despair. It is possible to make happiness last. Psychologists have found two anti-adaptation tools that are effective in sustaining happiness: variety and appreciation.Variety is, as we all know, the spice of life. But it’s also a useful weapon (26) adaptation. Positive changes that (27) (experience) in a variety of ways are more likely to lead to lasting happiness. For example, you will feel happier about your volunteer work (28) you are able to cope with new tasks every week. The second tool, appreciation, is in many ways the opposite of adaptation. It’s about focusing on something, instead of letting it fade into the background. It is only when you appreciate s omething (29) an enduring feeling of happiness will follow.Human beings spend a lot of time figuring out what makes them happy, but not enough time (30) (try) to hang on to the happiness they already h ave. This is like focusing all your energy on making more money, without giving any thought to what you will do with the money. The key to happiness is to not only look for new opportunities but also to make the most of the ones you’ve been given. 21. when 22.better 23. no matter how 24. where 25. quoted26. against 27. are experienced 28. if 29. that 30. tryingUnit 9, 静安区“I love the work and experience I’ve gained, but I am frustrated by the disorganized management. Also, I’ve been told I can’t ask for more money. I can get a new job with more pay, but will (21) (leave) within a year hurt my professional reputations?”The answer is , “it depends”.When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the messagethat(22) is terribly wrong, especially in the current economicclimate(23) unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. Thatmeans you will somehow look s uspicious (24) you say about the leave. Saying the work is great but you don’t like management or the pay won’t go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they (25) (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team players.Employers dislike people who are unhappy in job after less than a year. It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you’re getting paid to do work you actually like, so they 26 assume that you can’t put up with a little disorganization. And speaking of pay, most companies work 27 an annual review basis, so suddenly asking for more money doesn’t work for their b udgets. So, what’s the solution?Focus on your desire 28（develop）professionally.“It’s a touch decision to leave this great company. I love the work I am doing. However, it29（make）clear to me that there is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional. My fear is if I stay, I w ill become 30（competitive）down the line. I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more value for my employer.”21. leaving 22. it/ something 23. where 24. whatever25. question/ will question 26. may/ might 27. on 28. to develop29. has been made/ is made 30. less competitiveUnit 10, 闵行区We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21)they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. (22) (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don’t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never (24) (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.(25)is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design(26) made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put(27) : “You can’t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don’t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strong egos ( 自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that (28) learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) (repeat). According tothe Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. (30) healthcare learns to respond p ositivelyto failure, things will not improve.21. if / when 22. To stretch 23. remaining 24. failing 25. What26.which / that 27. it 28.instead of 29. are repeated 30. Until / UnlessUnit 11, 浦东新区Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods?Due to climate change, the world’s endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a (21) (tasty) one as well.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to globalwarming (22) (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt the impact while (23) may even become scarce within the next 30 years.Whether or not you try to limit y ourself (24) one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice.Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield.According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas (25) (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own, (26) (cause) a decline in fish population, including in lobsters that are cold-blooded creatures, and in salmons(鲑鱼) (27) eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever (28) (take) with raw seafood, like oysters.And how about that satisfying “crack” which you get when you are eating crabs and lobsters? It could be silenced (29) shellfish have been struggling to build their calciumcarbonate(碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification.Even worse is the possibility (30) we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006 Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050.21. less tasty 22.continues/is continuing 23. others 24. to 25. are estimated 26. causing 27. whose 28.taken 29. because/since/as 30. that Unit 12, 普陀区The Best Book I’ve Ever ReadFrankly, I have read nearly all of the great works of literature, but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly (21)Joel Stein’s Man Made: A Stupid Quest for Masendinity.Haven’t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in (22)1970s with only female friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? Haven’t we all had a panic attack (23) learning we’re going to have a son, since that means we’re going to have to figure out how to throw f ootballs, watch other people throw footballs and d ecide (24) to be happy or sad about the results of football throwing? Haven’t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires with f irefighters, (25) (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I h ave.The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy w ere (26) in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier. The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets (27) (turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other.(28) this is only Stein’s first book, I would already consider him a s someone like David Sedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln. I (29) (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again. My one fear i s (30)after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times.22. as 22. the 23when 24. Whether 25.driving 26. those 27.turned 28. Though/Although/While 29. have recommended 30. that Unit 13, 青浦区Wayward Penguin(企鹅) Released South of New Zealand He needed a little push before speeding backward down a slide. Once in the water, he held his head up for one last look. And then he was gone. The wayward emperor penguin (21) (know) as “Happy Feet” was back home in Antarcti c waters after a temporary stay in New Zealand.Happy Feet was released into the ocean south of New Zealand on Sunday, more than two months after he came ashore on a beach nearly 2,000 miles from home and became an instant celebrity. (22) (speak) from a satellite phone, Wellington Zoo veterinarian Lisa Argilla said Happy Feet’s release went remarkably smoothly. Argilla said crew members from the boat carried the penguin inside his box to the rear part of the ship for his final send-off.(23) when they opened the door of the box, the penguin showed no interest in leaving.“I needed to give him a little tap on his back,” Argilla said.The penguin slipped down the slide on his stomach, bottom first, she said. He resurfaced about 6 feet from the boat, (24) (take) a look up at the people aboard, and then disappeared beneath the surface.“I was really happy to see him go,” Argilla said. “The best part of my job is when you get to release animals back into the w ild (25) they are supposed to be.”The 3-foot-tall bird was found on June 20 on Peka Peka Beach, about 40 miles northwest of New Zealand’s capital, Wellington. It has been 44 years (26)an emperor penguin was last spotted in the wild in New Zealand.At first, conservation authorities said they would wait and let nature take itscourse with the penguin. But it soon became clear the bird’s condition was growing(27) (bad), as he swallowed sand and, likely mistaking it for snow.(28) the world watching, authorities finally took action, moving the penguin to the Wellington Zoo four days after he was discovered. It was at the zoo (29) the bird was given a home in a room filled with a bed of ice so he wouldn’t overheat.Now that Happy Feet (30) (nurse) back to health, his chances are as good as they are for any other penguin in the wild.“He swam away, not caring about us anymore,” Argilla said.She paused.“And that is a good thing,” she said.22. known 22. Speaking 23. But 24. took 25. where 26. since26. worse 28. With 29. that 30. has been nursedUnit 14, 松江区Marvel and Disney Remember Stan LeeToday, Marvel Comics and The Walt Disney Company pause and reflect with great sadness on the passing of Marvel Chairman Emeritus, Stan Lee. With a heavy heart, we share our deepest condolences（哀悼）(21) his daughter and brother, and we honor and remember the creator, voice and champion of M arvel.“Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created. A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world, Stan had the power to inspire, to entertain, and to connect. Nothing but his h eart (22) exceed the scale of his imagination.” said Bob Iger, Chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney C ompany.Stan Lee loved the (23) (write) word from an early age, and wanted to craft stories like those in his favorite books and films, which he consumed greedily. From a simple upbringing in Manhattan, young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs (24) he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company — Timely Comics.Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee. He introduced the famous “Stan’s Soapbox” to speak directly to his r eaders, (25) (reach) a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day. Always pushing for new ways of creating comics, Stan also started the “Marve l method” of plotting and art, creating some o f (26) (fantastic) stories in the industry to this day. An entire generation of young readers expanded and strengthened their vocabulary and knowledge through Stan’s stories.Roy Thomas, (27) succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two days before (28) death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story, and stated “I think he was ready to go. But he was still talking about doing more cameos（配角）. (29) he had the energy for it and didn’t have to travel, Stan was always up (30) (do) something more.”Marvel and the entire Walt Disney Company salute the life and career of Stan Lee and offer their undying gratitude for his unmatchable accomplishments within their halls. Every time you open a Marvel comic, Stan will be there.21. with 22. could 23. written 24. until 25. reaching26. the most fantastic 27. who 28. his 29. As long as/So long as 30. to do。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--中英翻译--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)

V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 他刚要关闭电脑，就在这时手机响了。

(when)73. 他将代表全班同学在新年晚会上向老师们表示真诚的感谢。

(on behalf of)74. 我们付出的每一次努力未必都能成功，但是但凡值得我们做的事情都值得做好。

(worth)75. 不只是一个人的日常言谈举止，就连他目前正在读的那本书都清楚地向我们表明了他是一个怎样的人。

(as well as)Keys:1. He was about to turn off / shut down the computer when the / his cell / mobile phone rang.2. On behalf of the whole class / all his classmates, he will express / show / extend sincere gratitude / thanks to the teachers at the New Year / Year’s Party.3. Every effort that we make can / may not be successful, but whatever is worth our / us doing is worth our / us doing well. / Every effort that we make is not necessarily successful. … / Every effort that we put in is not always going to / does not always work, …4. The book (that / which) a person is reading at present as well as his daily words and deeds / actions clearly indicates / shows / suggests what kind of person he is.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。

2019年上海高考英语一模语法填空汇编

2019年高三一模语法填空汇编1.上海市黄浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say 21. __________ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before 22. __________ (die) from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally 23. __________ (confess) to the crime.24. __________ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from 25. __________ of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Someday in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, 26. __________ counter-tops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an 27. __________ (early) study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who 28. __________ (use) a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures might show 29. __________ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove 30. __________ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. that2.上海市普陀区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型The Best Book I’ve Ever ReadFrankly, I have read nearly all of the great works of literature, but no book has ever impressed me asdeeply or directly (21)________ Joel Stein’s Man Made: A Stupid Quest for Masendinity.Haven’t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in (22)________ 1970s with only female friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? Haven’t we all had a panic attack (23)________ learning we’re going to have a son, since that means we’re going to have to figure out how to throw footballs, watch other people throw footballs and decide (24)________ to be happy or sad about the results of football throwing? Haven’t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires with firefighters, (25)________ (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I have.The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy were (26)________ in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier. The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets (27)________ (turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other.(28)________ this is only Stein’s first book, I would alrea dy consider him as someone like David Sedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln. I (29)________ (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again. My one fear is (30)________ after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times.21. as 22. the 23. when 24. whether 25. driving26. those 27. turned 28. Though/Although/While 29. have recommended 30. that3.上海市徐汇区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate（南方联盟）troops were led by perhaps (21) __________ (honored) military tactician（战略家）in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union（北方联盟）soldiers were led by “Fighting” Joe Hooker.In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measured character. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man (22) __________ pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self-centredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.Despite the fact that the Confederacy (23) __________ (win) the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving, (24) __________ (exhaust), and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, (25) __________ God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none.” Why was Hooker so confident?Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligenceabout Lee’s army. He had already been aware, for example, (26) __________ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’s own 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves (27) __________ Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker be came convinced that Lee’s only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus (28) __________ (assure) a Union victory.Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) __________ (dismiss) as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but (30) __________ (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lee’s army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lee’s troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hooker’s forces wit hdrew in defeat.21. the most honored 22. whose 23. had won 24. exhausted 25. may 26. that 27. behind 28. assuring 29. were dismissed 30. to retreat4.上海市杨浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine-freeThe world loves tea and some 3 million tons of tea are consumed every year. Tea can be good for health, as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease. But there is a downside. Tea contains caffeine which, (21) __________ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety, insomnia and other problems.(22) __________ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) __________ of the caffeine has been found. Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) __________ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. (25) __________ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits.(26) __________ (know) locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000 metres (27) __________ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages.Now the researchers (28) __________ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out. It can take time – and sometimes it does not work – for new plant varieties (29) __________ (breed) for commercial use. A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30) __________ (report) Tea enthusiasts will be watchingHongyacha with interest. And others will wonder what else is out there.21. although 22. What 23. none 24. growing 25. As 26. Known 27. above28.are exploring 29. to be bred 30. has been reported5. 上海市崇明区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes”, look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21) __________ (fast).(22) __________ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23) __________ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24) __________ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25) __________ also seize the bikes.Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26) __________ (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27) __________ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food, which makes the workers’ supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says (28) __________ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29) __________ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30) __________ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.21. faster 22. Although/Though/While 23. for 24. meant 25. can26. to earn 27. because/as/since 28. being caught 29. which 30. that6. 上海市长宁嘉定区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Planting PatriotismYoung boys are not easily shocked, but 12-year-old Preston Sharp sure knows the feeling .“Yeah, I was surprised and even disappointed, ” Preston said , Preston’s mom , April Sharp said , “It is the first time（21）（see）him like this angry and passionate.”What upset her son so much was visiting his grand pa’s grave in Redding, California ,and realizing that not every veteran(老兵) in the cemetery has a flag. So April told him “son, (22)you are going to complain about something , you have to do something about it or let it go”Next thing April knew，Preston was taking on odd jobs and asking for donations（23）_______________(buy)flags and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery，And when that cemetery(24)________(cover),he moved on to another，and then another.Here we are，nearly three years and about 65,000graves later. He does it every week(25)____________the weather is like，rain or shine---especially rain，”They were out there in the rain doing their job,(26)______________(protect)us，”Preston said，His devotion is infections.When word gets out(27)__________Preston will be at a cemetery---he has a Facebook page，Preston Sharp/Vet flags and Flowers---people，like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland，feel(28)________________(oblige)to join in，”It’s amazing，”Loveland said.” What he’s doing brings(29)_____________out because we can’t believe a young man in this country is doing what he does，”It is a movement of young and old，of those who served and those who are so grateful for what they did，all led by a proud grandson(30)______________saw an injustice and decided to do something about it.21 .have seen 22.if/what/whenever 23. to buy 24.was covered/had been covered 25 .whatever 26. protecting 27.that 28. obliged 29. us 30. who/that嘉定区：People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, (21) ________ realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send___（22）____ (target) messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23)______ they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook -- you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules (24)____ ____ many things -- your city, your photo, your friends’ names -- were set, by default（默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes toimprove its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “(25)____ (satisfying) experience.”Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, (26)____ involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?So far the privacy issue (27)______ (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done (28)____ (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering (29)______ (cancel) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30)______ information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.7. 上海市松江区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Marvel and Disney Remember Stan LeeToday, Marvel Comics and The Walt Disney Company pause and reflect with great sadness on the passing of Marvel Chairman Emeritus, Stan Lee. With a heavy heart, we share our deepest condolences（哀悼）(21) __________ his daughter and brother, and we honor and remember the creator, voice and champion of Marvel.“Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created. A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world, Stan had the power to inspire, to entertain, and to connect. Nothing but his heart (22) __________ exceed the scale of his imagination.” said Bob Iger, Chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company.Stan Lee loved the (23) __________ (write) word from an early age, and wanted to craft stories like those in his favorite books and films, which he consumed greedily. From a simple upbringing in Manhattan, young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs (24) __________ he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company --- Timely Comics.Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee. He introduced the famous “Stan’s Soapbox” to speak directly to his readers, (25) __________ (reach) a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day. Always pushing for new ways of creating comics, Stan also started the “Marvel method” of plotting and art, creating some of (26) __________ (fantastic) stories in the industry to this day. An entire generation of young readers expanded and strengthened their vocabulary and knowledge through Stan’s stories.Roy Thomas, (27) __________ succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two days before (28) __________ death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story, and stated “I think he was ready to go. But he was still talking about doing more cameos（配角）. (29) _____ _____ _____ he had the energy for it and didn’t have to travel, Stan was always up (30) __________ (do) something more.”Marvel and the entire Walt Disney Company salute the life and career of Stan Lee and offer their undyinggratitude for his unmatchable accomplishments within their halls. Every time you open a Marvel comic, Stan will be there.21. with 22. could 23. written 24. until 25. reaching26. the most fantastic 27. who 28. his 29. As long as/So long as 30. to do8. 上海市宝山区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Ten year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country (21) __________ (occupy) by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to “relocate” the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know (22) __________ their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23) __________ (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish (24) __________ (rescue) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much (25) __________ (big) than the story itself.Annmarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26) __________ (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annmarie learns that (27) __________ (be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) __________ you are afraid. That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing（预示）. But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) __________ (engage). The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowery, the author, has written many award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) __________ has made her so celebrated.21.is occupied 22. why 23.killed 24. rescued 25. bigger26. to make 27. being 28. that 29. engaging 30. that/which9. 上海市奉贤区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21)______ (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point(22)______ (abandon) something you enjoyu nless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23)______ (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per weekfor only three months caused so many neurons (神经细胞) (24)______ (grow) that it actually increased thesize of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) ______ ______ you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26)______ decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress w as more important than (27)______ was objectively occurring in their lives. (28)______ (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized theywere under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with(29)_______ who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30)______ raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.21.have learned 22. abandoning 23. quit 24.to grow 25. so that26. which 27.what 28. Given/Having been given 29.those 30. despite/though/ although10.上海市闵行区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21) ______ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. (22) ______ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) ______ (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don’t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never (24) ______ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.(25) ______ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design(26) ______ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put(27) ______: “You can’t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things g o wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”In health care, however, things are very different. Clinicians don’t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strong egos(自我)—particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fearlitigation (诉讼). The consequence is that (28) ______ ______ learning from failure, health care often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) ______ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. (30) ______ health care learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.21. if / when 22. To stretch 23. remaining 24. failing25. What 26.which / that 27. it 28.instead of29. are repeated 30. Until / Unless11. 上海市浦东新区区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods?Due to climate change, the world’s endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a (21) _________ (tasty) one as well.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming (22) _________ (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt the impact while (23) _________ may even become scarce within the next 30 years.Whether or not you try to limit yourself (24) _________ one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice.Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield.According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas (25) _________ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own, (26) _________ (cause) a decline in fish population, including in lobsters that arecold-blooded creatures, and in salmons (鲑鱼) (27) _________ eggs find it hard to survive in higher watertemperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever (28) _________ (take) with raw seafood, like oysters.And how about that satisfying “crack” which you get when you are e ating crabs and lobsters? It could be silenced (29) _________ shellfish have been struggling to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification.Even worse is the possibility (30) _________ we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006 Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050.21. less tasty 22.continues/is continuing 23. others 24. to 25. are estimated26. causing 27. whose 28.taken 29. because/since/as 30. that12. 上海市静安区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型"I love the work and experience I've gained, but I am frustrated by the disorganized management .Also,I've been told I can't ask for more money. I can get a new job with more pay, but will(21)____________(leave)within a year hurt my professional reputation?"The answer is," it depends."When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that(22)_______is terribly wrong, especially in the current economic climate(23)________ unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. That means you will somehow look suspicious (24)________you say about the leave. Saying the work is great but you don't like management or the pay won't go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they(25) (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team player.Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year. It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you're getting paid to do work you actually like, so they (26)_____ assume that you can't put up with a little disorganization. And speaking of pay, most companies work (27) ______ an annual review basis, so suddenly asking for more money doesn't work for their budgets.So, what’s the solution?Focus on your desire (28) ______ (develop) professionally. “It’s a tough decision to leave this great company. I love the work I am doing. However, it (29) ______ (make) clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional. My fear is if I stay, I will become (30) ______ (competitive) down the line. I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more value for my employer.”21. leaving 22. something(it加0.5) 23.where 24. whatever 25. will question/question26. might /may(will错) 27. on 28. to develop 29. has been made/is made 30. less competitive13. 上海市青浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Wayward Penguin（企鹅）Released South of New ZealandHe needed a little push before speeding backward down a slide. Once in the water, he held his head up for one last look. And then he was gone. The wayward emperor penguin (21) _____ (know) as “Happy Feet” was back home in Antarctic waters after a temporary stay in New Zealand.Happy Feet was released into the ocean south of New Zealand on Sunday, more than two months after he came ashore on a beach nearly 2,000 miles from home and became an instant celebrity. (22) ____ (speak) from a satellite phone, Wellington Zoo veterinarian Lisa Argilla said Happy Feet’s release went remarkably smoothly. Argilla said crew members from the boat carried the penguin inside his box to the rear part of the ship for his final send-off.(23) ____ when they opened the door of the box, the penguin showed no interest in leaving.“I needed to give him a little tap on his back,” Argilla said.The penguin slipped down the slide on his stomach, bottom first, she said. He resurfaced about 6 feet。

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2019年高三一模语法填空汇编1.上海市黄浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say 21. __________ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before 22. __________ (die) from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally 23. __________ (confess) to the crime.24. __________ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from 25. __________ of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Someday in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places tolook for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, 26. __________ counter-tops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an27. __________ (early) study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who 28.__________ (use) a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures might show 29.__________ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove 30. __________ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just botheryou?21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. that2.上海市普陀区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型The Best Book I’ve Ever ReadFrankly, I have read nearly all of the great worksof literature, but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly (21)________ Joel Stein’s ManMade: A Stupid Quest for Masendinity.Haven’t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in (22)________ 1970s with only female friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? Haven’t we all had a panic attack (23)________ learning we’re going to have a son, since that means we’re going to have to figure out how to throw footballs, watch other people throw footballs and decide (24)________ to be happy or sad about the results of football throwing? Haven’t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires with firefighters, (25)________ (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I have.The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy were (26)________ in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier. The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets (27)________ (turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other.(28)________ this is only Stein’s first book, I would already consider him as someone like David Sedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln. I (29)________ (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again. My one fear is (30)________ after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times.21. as 22. the 23. when 24. whether25. driving26. those 27. turned 28.Though/Although/While 29. have recommended 30. that3.上海市徐汇区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate（南方联盟）troops were led by perhaps (21) __________ (honored) military tactician（战略家）in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union（北方联盟）soldiers were led by “Fighting” Joe Hooker.In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measured character. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man (22) __________ pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self-centredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.Despite the fact that the Confederacy (23) __________ (win) the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving, (24) __________ (exhaust), and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, (25) __________ God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none.” Why was Hooker so confident?Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lee’s army. He had already been aware, for example, (26) __________ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’s own 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves (27) __________ Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker be came convinced that Lee’s only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus (28) __________ (assure) a Union victory.Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) __________ (dismiss) as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but (30) __________ (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lee’s army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lee’s troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hooker’s forces wit hdrew in defeat.21. the most honored 22. whose 23. had won 24. exhausted 25. may 26. that 27. behind 28. assuring 29. were dismissed 30. to retreat4.上海市杨浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine-freeThe world loves tea and some 3 million tons of tea are consumed every year. Tea can be good for health, as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease. But there is a downside. Tea contains caffeine which, (21) __________ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety, insomnia and other problems.(22) __________ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) __________ of the caffeine has been found. Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) __________ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. (25) __________ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits.(26) __________ (know) locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000 metres (27) __________ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages.Now the researchers (28) __________ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out. It can take time – and sometimes it does not work – for new plant varieties (29) __________ (breed) forcommercial use. A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30) __________ (report) Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest. And others will wonder what else is out there.21. although 22. What 23. none 24. growing 25. As 26. Known 27. above28.are exploring 29. to be bred 30. has been reported5. 上海市崇明区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food DeliveryWorkersA ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes”, look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21) __________ (fast).(22) __________ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23) __________ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24) __________ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25) __________ also seize the bikes.Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26) __________ (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27) __________ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food, which makes the workers’ supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says (28) __________ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29) __________ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30) __________ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.21. faster 22. Although/Though/While 23. for24. meant 25. can26. to earn 27. because/as/since 28. beingcaught 29. which 30. that6. 上海市长宁嘉定区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Planting PatriotismYoung boys are not easily shocked, but 12-year-old Preston Sharp sure knows the feeling .“Yeah, I was surprised and even disappointed, ” Preston said , Preston’s mom , April Sharpsaid , “It is the first time（21）（see）him like this angry and passionate.”What upset her son so much was visiting his grandpa’s grave in Redding, California ,and realizing that not every veteran(老兵) in the cemetery has a flag. So April told him “son, (22) you are going to complain about something , you have to do something about it or let it go”Next thing April knew，Preston was taking on odd jobs and asking for donations（23）_______________(buy)flags and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery，And when that cemetery(24)________(cover),he moved on to another，and then another.Here we are，nearly three years and about 65,000graves later. He does it every week(25)____________the weather is like，rain or shine---especially rain，”They were out there in the rain doing their job,(26)______________(protect)us，”Preston said，His devotion is infections.When word gets out(27)__________Preston will beat a cemetery---he has a Facebook page，Preston Sharp/Vet flags and Flowers---people，like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland，feel(28)________________(oblige)to join in，”It’s amazing，”Loveland said.”What he’s doing brings(29)_____________out because we can’t believe a young man in this country is doing whathe does，”It is a movement of young and old，of those who served and those who are so grateful for what they did，all led by a proud grandson(30)______________saw an injustice and decided to do something about it.21 .have seen 22.if/what/whenever 23. to buy 24.was covered/had been covered 25 .whatever 26. protecting 27.that 28. obliged 29.us 30. who/that嘉定区：People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook withthe promise of a fun, free service, (21) ________ realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send___（22）____ (target) messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23)______ they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook -- you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules (24)____ ____ many things -- your city, your photo, your friends’ names -- were set, by default （默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “(25)____ (satisfying) experience.”Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, (26)____ involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?So far the privacy issue (27)______ (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done (28)____ (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering (29)______ (cancel) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30)______ information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.7. 上海市松江区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Marvel and Disney Remember Stan Lee Today, Marvel Comics and The Walt Disney Company pause and reflect with great sadness on the passing of Marvel Chairman Emeritus, Stan Lee. With a heavy heart, we share our deepest condolences（哀悼）(21) __________ his daughter and brother, and we honor and remember the creator, voice and champion of Marvel.“Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created. A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world, Stan had the power to inspire, to entertain, and to connect. Nothing but his heart (22) __________ exceed the scale of his imagination.”said Bob Iger, Chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company.Stan Lee loved the (23) __________ (write) word from an early age, and wanted to craft stories like those in his favorite books and films, which he consumed greedily. From a simple upbringing in Manhattan, young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs (24) __________ he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company --- Timely Comics.Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee. He introduced the famous “Stan’s Soapbox” to speak directly to his readers, (25) __________ (reach) a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day. Always pushing for new ways of creating comics, Stan also started the “Marvel method” of plotting and art, creating some of (26) __________ (fantastic) stories in the industry to this day. An entiregeneration of young readers expanded and strengthened their vocabulary and knowledge throughStan’s stories.Roy Thomas, (27) __________ succeeded Lee aseditor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two daysbefore (28) __________ death to discuss the upcomingbook The Stan Lee Story, and stated “I think hewas ready to go. But he was still talking aboutdoing more cameos（配角）. (29) _____ _____ _____ hehad the energy for it and didn’t have to travel,Stan was always up (30) __________ (do) something more.”Marvel and the entire Walt Disney Company salutethe life and career of Stan Lee and offer their undying gratitude for his unmatchable accomplishments within their halls. Every time youopen a Marvel comic, Stan will be there.21. with 22. could 23. written 24. until 25. reaching26. the most fantastic 27. who 28. his 29. As long as/So long as 30. to do8. 上海市宝山区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Ten year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with herfamily in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldierson the streets, and the country (21) __________ (occupy) by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat,and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to “relocate” the country's Jewish population. TheDanes don't know (22) __________ their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't knowwhere they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23) __________ (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish (24) __________ (rescue) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much (25) __________ (big) than the story itself.Annmarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26) __________ (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annmarie learns that (27) __________ (be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) __________ you are afraid. That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing （预示）. But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) __________ (engage). The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowery, the author, has written many award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) __________ has made her so celebrated.21.is occupied 22. why 23.killed 24. rescued 25. bigger26. to make 27. being 28. that 29. engaging 30. that/which9. 上海市奉贤区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21)______ (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22)______ (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23)______ (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. Itreconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons (神经细胞) (24)______ (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) ______ ______ you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26)______ decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress w as more importantthan (27)______ was objectively occurring in their lives. (28)______ (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with (29)_______ who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30)______ raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.21.have learned 22. abandoning 23. quit24.to grow 25. so that26. which 27.what 28. Given/Having been given29.those 30. despite/though/ although10.上海市闵行区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21) ______ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice.(22) ______ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) ______ (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don’t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never (24) ______ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.(25) ______ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design(26) ______ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put(27) ______: “You can’t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things g o wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”In health care, however, things are very different. Clinicians don’t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strong egos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that (28) ______ ______ learning from failure, health care often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) ______ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error.(30) ______ health care learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.21. if / when 22. To stretch 23. remaining24. failing25. What 26.which / that 27. it28.instead of29. are repeated 30. Until / Unless11. 上海市浦东新区区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods?Due to climate change, the world’s endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a (21) _________ (tasty) one as well.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming (22) _________ (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt the impact while (23) _________ may even become scarce within the next 30 years.Whether or not you try to limit yourself (24) _________ one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growingregions may leave you little choice.Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield.According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas (25) _________ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own, (26) _________ (cause) a decline in fish population, including in lobsters that are cold-blooded creatures, and in salmons (鲑鱼) (27) _________ eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever (28) _________ (take) with raw seafood, like oysters.And how about that satisfying “crack” which youget when you are eating crabs and lobsters? It couldbe silenced (29) _________ shellfish have beenstruggling to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification.Even worse is the possibility (30) _________ we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006 Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050.21. less tasty 22.continues/is continuing 23. others 24. to 25. are estimated26. causing 27. whose 28.taken 29. because/since/as 30. that12. 上海市静安区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型"I love the work and experience I've gained, but I am frustrated by the disorganized management .Also, I've been told I can't ask for more money. I can get a new job with more pay, but will(21)____________(leave)within a year hurt my professional reputation?"The answer is," it depends."When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that(22)_______is terribly wrong, especially in the current economicclimate(23)________ unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. That means you will somehow look suspicious (24)________you say about the leave. Saying the work is great but you don't like management or the pay won't go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they(25) (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team player. Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year. It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you're getting paid to do work you actually like, so they (26)_____ assume that you can't put up with a little disorganization. And speaking of pay, most companies work (27) ______ an annual review basis, so suddenly asking for more money doesn't work for their budgets.So, what’s the solution?Focus on your desire (28) ______ (develop) professionally. “It’s a tough decision to leave this great company. I love the work I am doing. However, it (29) ______ (make) clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional. My fear is if I stay, I will become (30) ______ (competitive) down the line. I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more value for my employer.”21. leaving 22. something(it加0.5) 23.where 24. whatever 25. will question/question。

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