IT productivity paradox2010

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考研英语2010年真题新题型段落排序题解析与答案

[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Spain, America in 2000 --- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last man it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.
六．参考答案：41---45 【B】【F】【D】【G】【A】。
[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined---France, Germany—are made out of the same building block. Demand mainly from two sources: in dependent mom—and –pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”：hotels, restaurant and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figure when assed together, mask too opposing trends.

Microsoft InfoPath 2010 Product Guide_Final

Conclusion .........................................................................................................................................................19 Where to Find It ...............................................................................................................................................20 Version Comparison ........................................................................................................................................23 InfoPath 2010 FAQ ...........................................................................................................................................26 System Requirements..................................................................................................................................29 Feature Availability / Disclosure ....................................................................................................................30

2010英语二text 4

2010英语二text 4The 2010 English text 4 presents a thought-provoking issue that has become increasingly relevant in today's society. The text discusses the impact of technology on human interaction and communication. It raises concerns about the potential negative consequences of excessive reliance on technology and the potential loss of genuine human connection. This issue is of great significance as technology continues to advance and become more integrated into our daily lives. It is crucial to consider the implications of these changes and how they may affect our relationships and overall well-being.From a social perspective, the text highlights the potential consequences of technology on human relationships. With the rise of social media and digital communication, there is a growing concern that face-to-face interactionand genuine connections are being compromised. People are spending more time engaging in virtual interactions rather than meaningful in-person conversations. This shift incommunication patterns has the potential to erode the quality of relationships and lead to feelings of isolation and disconnection. It is essential to recognize the importance of genuine human connection and to find a balance between technology and face-to-face interaction.From a psychological standpoint, the text raises important questions about the impact of technology on mental health. The constant use of digital devices and social media can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. The pressure to constantly be connected and the fear of missing out on social interactions can take a toll on one's mental well-being. Additionally, the curated and often unrealistic portrayals of life on social media can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. It is crucial to be mindful of the potential negative effects of technology on mental health and to prioritize self-care and genuine human connection.From an educational perspective, the text brings attention to the impact of technology on learning and development. While technology has the potential to enhanceeducation and provide access to valuable resources, thereis also a concern that excessive screen time can hinder cognitive development and social skills. Children and adolescents are spending more time on digital devices, which can impact their ability to focus, communicate, and engage in meaningful interactions. It is essential to find a balance between technology use and traditional forms of learning to ensure that children are developing essential skills and fostering genuine connections with their peers and educators.From a cultural standpoint, the text raises important questions about the impact of technology on traditional forms of communication and expression. With the rise of digital communication, there is a risk of losing the art of meaningful conversation and the richness of face-to-face interaction. Additionally, the use of emojis and abbreviated language in digital communication can impact the depth and authenticity of our interactions. It is crucial to preserve traditional forms of communication and to find ways to integrate technology in a way that enhances rather than diminishes our cultural expressions andconnections.From a personal standpoint, the text prompts us toreflect on our own relationship with technology and human interaction. It is important to consider the role that technology plays in our lives and how it may be impacting our relationships and well-being. Finding a balance between technology use and genuine human connection is essentialfor maintaining healthy relationships and overall happiness. It is important to be mindful of our digital habits and to prioritize meaningful in-person interactions. By being intentional about our use of technology, we can cultivate genuine connections and enrich our lives.。

JPIM-2010-vol.27-Consumer Innovativeness and the Use of New versus Extended Brand Names for New Prod

Consumer Innovativeness and the Use of New versus Extended Brand Names for New Products ÃRichard R.Klink and Gerard A.AthaideDespite the importance of branding to new product success,little research has been conducted on how individual adoption orientation might affect brand name preferences.This paper draws on the diffusion literature to investigate how consumer innovativeness affects consumer response to alternative branding strategies (i.e.,new vs.extended brands,for new products).The results of an empirical study found that consumer innovativeness has a greater effect on new product evaluations for new brand names relative to extended brand names.Also,results indicate that highly innovative consumers evaluate new products with new brand names more favorably than brand extensions.Fur-thermore,consumer conﬁdence in the new product was found to mediate the effects of consumer innovativeness and its interaction with brand name type on new product evaluation.Implications include not only giving greater man-agerial consideration to using new brands but also supporting the chosen branding strategy with appropriate pro-motional efforts for respective adopter groups.IntroductionAnew product’s brand name is an important determinant of its success in the marketplace (Cooper,1994).An effective brand name canenhance awareness and create a favorable image for the innovation (Aaker,1991).Not surprisingly,se-lecting a brand name is often central to the new prod-uct’s marketing campaign (Keller,Heckler,and Houston,1998).Companies frequently choose either to create a new brand name for the product or to borrow an existing brand name from another cate-gory (i.e.,develop a brand extension).Selecting the appropriate branding strategy begins by considering the trade-offs associated with using a brand extension or creating a new brand name.Brand extensions require lower marketing and brand devel-opment costs (Smith and Park,1992).They may also help strengthen the original brand image (Aaker,1990;Park,Jaworski,and MacInnis,1986)and increase parent brand choice (Balachander and Ghose,2003;Swaminathan,Fox,and Reddy,2001).Furthermore,extending existing brand names,as opposed to creat-ing new ones,may offer a higher (intangible)ﬁnancial value to the ﬁrm (Rao,Agarwal,and Dahlhoff,2004).On the other hand,extending an existing brand name is not without risk.While it is true that brandextensions do experience greater cost savings and market share,these beneﬁts are relatively marginal and reﬂect primarily short-run gains (Smith and Park,1992).Also,brand extensions can diminish consum-ers’feelings about the innovation and,perhaps worse yet,the brand if consumers perceive inconsistency be-tween the original and new product categories (Aaker and Keller,1990;Loken and Roedder John,1993).Further,extensions may adversely impact other prod-ucts afﬁliated with the brand (Roedder John,Loken,and Joiner,1998;Sullivan,1990)and may even prompt competing ﬁrms to launch a counterextension into the brand’s original category (Kumar,2005).Despite these potential risks,a vast number of new product managers are using brand extensions in an attempt to improve the likelihood of new product suc-cess (Smith and Park,1992)—for example,as many as 95%of all new consumer product introductions are some form of brand extension (Ogiba,1988;Somji,2000).Perhaps at the core of this predominance is the belief that consumers respond more favorably to brand extensions.Yet,although McCarthy,Heath,and Milberg (2001)found that individuals rate brand extensions higher than products with new brand names,the success of brand extensions is far from cer-tain (Voelckner and Sattler,2006).For example,the failure rate of extensions in many consumer good cat-egories is approximately 80%(Anonymous,2003;Ernst &Young and ACNielsen,1999).McCarthy et al.(2001)offer that the effect of the alternate branding strategies on consumer attitudes is contingent upon the level of information supportingÃBoth authors contributed equally to this work.Address correspondence to:Richard R.Klink,Sellinger School of Business and Management,Loyola College Maryland,4501North Charles Street,Baltimore,MD 21210-2699.Tel.:(410)617-5546.Fax:(410)617-2117.E-mail:rklink@.J PROD INNOV MANAG 2010;27:23–32r 2009Product Development &Management Associationthe brand and consumers’product knowledge.How-ever,their study did not ﬁnd that product knowledge moderated the branding effect.We propose that con-sumer innovativeness—that is,one’s propensity to adopt earlier versus later (Rogers,2003)—is particu-larly relevant to investigating the use of new versus extended brand names for new products.We make this assertion for two main reasons.First,unlike other consumer variables including product knowledge,consumer innovativeness has been empirically linked with actual adoption (Goldsmith and Hofacker,1991).This established relationship is critical to the practitioner who is faced with selecting a brand name that maximizes sales potential of a new product.Second,failing to account for consumer innovative-ness could lead to overaggregation of data and,hence,misinterpretation of results.To illustrate,consider how research on brand extensions often uses simple random samples from the general population.Such sampling techniques could unintentionally mask the response of earlier adopters,as they are a relatively smaller subset of the population to adopt (approximately 2.5%for innovators and 13.5%for early adopters according to Rogers,2003).Despite their relative size,earlier adopt-ers are critical to accurately gauge,because they often represent the main target market for a new product introduction (Mahajan and Muller,1998).Even when they are not the primary target,understanding their branding preference is important because they inﬂu-ence the behavior of later adopters (Rogers).The purpose of this paper is to build on extant re-search by investigating how consumer innovativeness affects consumer response to alternate branding strate-gies.The study begins by reviewing theory for using newversus extended brand names for new products.The diffusion literature is then integrated to develop hypoth-eses concerning product adoption orientation and new product evaluation for new and extended brand names.Next a description is given of the research method em-ployed,followed by a presentation of results.Finally,these results are discussed,implications are suggested,and limitations of the study are acknowledged.Consumer Response to New versus Extended Brand NamesSmith and Park (1992)offer four potential reasons why consumers may favor brand extensions to new brands.First,established brand names help consum-ers cope with purchase uncertainty.That is,consum-ers prefer products carrying well-recognized brands because these brands alleviate perceived risk (Cox,1967;Roselius,1971).Concerning brand extensions,use of an existing brand name in other product areas likely enhances brand recognition,thereby reducing risk and uncertainty and promoting trial.Second,an established brand can also serve as a quality cue (Bellizzi and Martin,1982;Jacoby,Olson,and Haddock,1973).Wernerfelt (1988)argues that if an established brand is extended to a lower-quality product,consumers will discover its inferiority upon trial and opt not to repurchase.This could devalue the brand and threaten other products afﬁliated with it (Sullivan,1990).Thus,it follows that established brands are not likely to be extended to products of low quality and,as such,provide for a reliable quality cue that should promote trial.Third,established brands promote trial by facilitat-ing consumers’use of brand name as a decision-making heuristic (Alba and Hutchinson,1987;Johnson and Russo,1984;Park,1976;Park and Lessig,1981).Spe-ciﬁcally,the use of a brand as a heuristic requires that it be easily retrieved from memory.Research on evoked sets suggests that accessibility is greater for brands with which consumers have frequent contact (McNeal,McDaniel,and Smart,1983).An extended brand pro-vides consumers opportunity to come into contact with the brand in multiple product contexts and thus should be more accessible than individual brands.Fourth,extensions carrying established names may capitalize on advertising spillover effects from other products afﬁliated with the brand.That is,advertise-ments for other products associated with the brand may strengthen brand image,thus stimulating de-mand for the new extension.BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHESDr.Richard R.Klink earned a Ph.D.from the University of Pittsburgh and is professor of marketing in the Joseph A.Sellinger,S.J.,School of Business and Management at Loyola University Maryland.His research interests include new product development and management with a focus on branding issues.His work has appeared in the Journal of Marketing Research,Marketing Letters,Journal of Product Innovation Management,Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,Journal of Marketing Education,and other outlets.Dr.Gerard A.Athaide earned his Ph.D.from Syracuse University and is professor of marketing in the Joseph A.Sellinger,S.J.,School of Business and Management at Loyola University Maryland.His research interests focus on new product development,innovation management,and international marketing.His work has appeared in Journal of Product Innovation Management,Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,Journal of Marketing Education,and other outlets.24J PROD INNOV MANAG 2010;27:23–32R.R.KLINK AND G.A.ATHAIDEWhile Smith and Park(1992)found that brand ex-tensions do experience greater levels of market share than products introduced with new brand names,this ﬁnding may be driven by factors other than customer response.For instance,the relatively higher market share associated with brand extensions may be attrib-utable to differences in distribution,as distributors are more likely to carry a brand name that has some historical presence in the marketplace(Morein,1975). Further,McCarthy et al.(2001)found that when in-formation was limited to brand name and price,indi-viduals preferred extensions to new brands.However, when information on product features was added,the preference for extensions disappeared.These results provide further support for the belief that extended brands can reduce uncertainty.Because risk and level of information are widely considered to be inversely related,as the level of information sur-rounding a brand increases,the risk involved in the purchase decreases,and hence the need for consumers to rely on a known brand decreases.This suggests that research on new product branding strategy could ben-eﬁt from insights offered by the diffusion literature, which incorporates risk taking as an important deter-minant of new product adoption.Consumer InnovativenessA basic tenet of diffusion theory is that individuals re-spond differently to new products(Gatignon and Rob-ertson,1985).Rogers(2003)considers these differences to be driven by consumer innovativeness—that is,one’s propensity to adopt new ideas or products relatively earlier than other members of a social system.Further, an individual’s innovativeness is a function of the do-main or product category of interest(Gatignon and Robertson;Hirschman,1980).Indeed,prior research has found a relationship between domain-speciﬁc inno-vativeness and acceptance of new products(Goldsmith and Hofacker,1991).In the present research context, both new brands and extended brands represent par-ticular incidences of new products.Therefore,it is ex-pected that as consumer innovativeness increases, evaluations of products with new or extended brand names will increase.Stated formally:H1:Consumer innovativeness is positively related to newproduct evaluation for new and extended brand names. Additionally,it is expected that this positive relation-ship will be greater for new brand names compared with extended brand names.To understand why,con-sider one of the primary characteristics that determine whether someone adopts early:risk sensitivity.Rogers (2003)proposes that those individuals with the high-est levels of consumer innovativeness(i.e.,innovators) are characterized by their comfort with taking risk.As discussed,new brands carry more risk and uncertainty than established brands.Because individuals with greater consumer innovativeness are inherently more comfortable with risk taking than individuals with lesser consumer innovativeness,the positive relation-ship between consumer innovativeness and product evaluation will be greater for new brand names rela-tive to extended brand names.Stated formally: H2:The positive effect of consumer innovativeness onnew product evaluation is greater for new brand namesthan extended brand names.Examining the role of risk or uncertainty is important not only to understand the process by which con-sumer innovativeness affects response to new and ex-tended brands but also for more practical reasons. For instance,marketers can reduce uncertainty or el-evate consumer conﬁdence in the new product pur-chase for later adopters by employing other marketing mix elements(e.g.,warranties,guarantees,seals of approval).Accordingly,this paper is interested in ex-amining whether consumer conﬁdence represents the mediational pathway for the effects predicted in H1 and H2;that is,consumer innovativeness and its in-teraction with brand name type(new vs.extended) affects consumer conﬁdence,which in turn affects new product evaluation.Stated formally:H3:Consumer conﬁdence mediates the positive effectof consumer innovativeness on new product evaluation.H4:Consumer conﬁdence mediates the positive effectof the interaction between consumer innovativeness andbrand type on new product evaluation.MethodologyBrand name was a between-subjects factor with two treatment groups:(1)a new brand name condition; and(2)an extended brand name condition.Consumer innovativeness was a self-reported independent vari-able of interest.The dependent variable of interest was new product evaluation.CONSUMER INNOVATIVENESS AND BRAND NAMES J PROD INNOV MANAG2010;27:23–3225ProcedureSubjects were305undergraduate business students from an Eastern university and averaged20years of age.Each subject was randomly assigned to one of the two conditions by receiving one of two booklets.A greeter told subjects that a researchﬁrm was inter-ested in gathering their reactions to several new prod-ucts,some of which carried well-known brand names. Theﬁrst page of the survey booklet oriented subjects to the task.On the following page appeared a brief product description of approximately25words that included the product’s brand name.In the extended brand name condition,the name given in the descrip-tion was an extended brand(e.g.,in the case of mouthwash,Crest).For the new brand name condi-tion,the name wasﬁctitious(e.g.,in the case of mouthwash,Icewash).After viewing the stimulus,subjects answered ques-tions about the product.It should be noted that each subject received only one product description to evalu-ate.The procedure took approximately5–10minutes. Subjects received extra credit for their participation. StimuliThe brand extensions selected for this study were sim-ilar to those used in prior ing similar ex-tensions not only helps assure a reasonable range of perceivedﬁt between the brand and proposed product but also provides insight into theﬁndings of prior work.Given this,extensions were selected from arguably the most widely cited experimental piece on brand extensions:Aaker and Keller(1990).From this study,one high and one moderate or moderately-lowﬁtting extension were chosen for each of the following three brands:Crest,Ha agen-Dazs,and McDonald’s.Other brand names from the Aaker and Keller study were not included because they were either dated(Vaurnet),gender related(Vidal Sassoon),or targeted toward individuals older than the subjects(Heineken).Speciﬁcally,the extensions used in the present study were Crest chewing gum, Crest mouthwash,Ha agen-Dazs popcorn,Ha agen-Dazs candy bars,McDonald’s theme parks,and McDonald’s frozen French fries.At the time of the study,none of these extensions were available in the marketplace.With respect to the new brand names,an attempt was made to create ones that would be favorably re-ceived by individuals—similar to what companies do when creating new brands.As such,a focus group was asked to generate a list of desirableﬁctitious names for each of the six products(i.e.,chewing gum, mouthwash,popcorn,candy bar,theme park,and frozen French fries).From this list,ﬁve names were chosen for each product and were pretested on an-other group of individuals.Speciﬁcally,31subjects provided favorability scores for the30potential brand names.These individuals were also asked to generate other brand names that came to mind after viewing each of the30focal brands.It should be noted that none of the30brand names consistently reminded subjects of other brands in the marketplace.The fol-lowing brand names were rated most favorably for each respective product and were thus chosen for the present study:Alpine chewing gum,Icewash mouth-wash,KettlePop popcorn,Nutso!candy bar,Odyssey Parks theme parks,and GoldenFries frozen French fries.Regarding the product descriptions,one was needed for each of the six products.The descriptions were written to position the product on a relevant beneﬁt.Also,where appropriate,the descriptions at-tempted to dispel potentially damaging inferences that could be drawn from the brand extensions.For in-stance,Aaker and Keller(1990)reported that subjects in their study inferred an unappealing taste for Crest chewing gum and Heineken popcorn.In the chewing gum description,for example,the gum was stated to‘‘keep breath fresh all day long with a cool,mint ﬂavor.’’MeasuresNew Product Evaluation.New product evaluation was measured with three seven-point adjective scales (Ajzen and Fishbein,1980):‘‘In general,how favorable do you feel about Crest mouthwash’’(15not at all favorable to75very favorable).‘‘Overall,how much do you like Crest mouthwash’’(15not at all likeable to75very likeable).‘‘In general,how desirable do youﬁnd Crest mouthwash to be’’(15not at all desirable to 75very desirable).Consistent with prior work(e.g.,Aaker and Keller, 1990),these items were averaged into one score to26J PROD INNOV MANAG2010;27:23–32R.R.KLINK AND G.A.ATHAIDEprovide a more reliable measure of the attitude con-struct(alpha5.95).Consumer Innovativeness.As mentioned,consumer innovativeness has been conceptualized as the pro-pensity to adopt new products or ideas relatively early.The extent to which this translates into prod-uct adoption behavior for a particular person,how-ever,tends to be product category speciﬁc.In accordance with this view,this study used the same innovativeness measure used in prior brand extension research(Klink and Smith,2001),which borrows closely from the domain-speciﬁc measure developed and validated by Goldsmith and Hofacker(1991). To be more speciﬁc,subjects in the present study were asked to refer to their experiences with the gen-eral product category of interest.For instance,for mouthwash the category was dental care products.To assist subjects with their understanding of the product category,sample products of the category were noted. For example,in the case of the dental care product category,reference products included mouthwash, toothpaste,and manual and electric toothbrushes. Then,using four seven-point scales(15strongly dis-agree to75strongly agree),subjects were asked to indicate the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with a series of statements related to the‘‘timing’’of their purchases of new products in the category.Spe-ciﬁc items were as follows:‘‘Overall,I like buying the latest dental care prod-ucts.’’‘‘If I needed to purchase a dental care product,I would buy the latest one available.’’‘‘When I see a new brand of dental care product in the store,I often buy it because it is new.’’‘‘I like to purchase the latest dental care products before others do.’’The four items were averaged into one measure of consumer innovativeness(alpha5.86).The present study also examined the extent to which the measure of innovativeness was distinct from the construct of‘‘product category knowledge.’’Speciﬁcally,innovators tend to come from the pool of highly knowledgeable consumers(Rogers,2003); hence,it is important to assess the extent to which a measure of innovativeness overlaps with one of prod-uct expertise.Product knowledge was assessed by ask-ing subjects to indicate their agreement with the following statement:‘‘Overall,I consider myself knowledgeable about mouthwash’’(15strongly dis-agree to75strongly agree).The correlation between this study’s measure of innovativeness and the mea-sure of product category knowledge was.18(p o.01). This relatively low correlation suggests that this study’s measure of innovativeness is capturing a con-struct that is distinct from expertise.The modest cor-relation is not surprising—while innovators may come from the general set of highly knowledgeable consum-ers,not all highly knowledgeable consumers are in-novators.Consumer Conﬁdence.Consumer conﬁdence in the product offering was measured with two seven-point scales:‘‘How conﬁdent are you that(brand)can provide satisfactory(product)?’’(15not at all conﬁdent to 75very conﬁdent)‘‘How sure are you that(brand)could meet your standards for(product)?’’(15not at all sure to 75very sure).The two items had a correlation of.87(p o.001)and were averaged into one measure of consumer conﬁ-dence.ResultsA summary of the data is provided in Table1.Table1 shows little difference in average product evaluation scores between new and extended brands( x new¼3:88 vs. x extended¼3:84).It should be noted that the aver-age level of perceivedﬁt for all extensions used in this study( x¼4:08)compares favorably to prior work (e.g.,overall x¼3:89)in Aaker and Keller,1990).H1and H2were tested using hierarchical regres-sion with new product evaluation as the dependent variable.To reduce multicollinearity between the interaction and its constituent terms,the continuous variable of consumer innovativeness were mean-centered,as Cronbach(1987)suggests.As can be seen in Regression1of Table2,consumer innova-tiveness was positively related to new product evalu-ations(b5.161,p o.01).Thus,H1is supported.To test H2,new product evaluation was regressed on consumer innovativeness,brand type(new vs.ex-tended),and the consumer innovativenessÂbrand type interaction.Brand type employed effects coding such that extended brand5À1and new brand5þ1.Unlike dummy coding(i.e.,0/1coding), effects coding(À1/þ1)produce b’s that representCONSUMER INNOVATIVENESS AND BRAND NAMES J PROD INNOV MANAG2010;27:23–3227the deviation for the outcome for each separate group from the mean of the groups rather than from a se-lected group.Regression 2(Table 2)indicates that the interaction of brand type and consumer innovative-ness has a signiﬁcant effect on new product evalua-tions (b 5.146,p o .01).Given the coding scheme for brand type and the positive coefﬁcient of the inter-action term,consumer innovativeness has a signiﬁ-cantly greater effect for new brands than brand extensions.This interaction effect is depicted in Figure 1.H2is thus supported.To further explore H2,the response of an ‘‘inno-vators’’group was investigated.This group was formed by selecting subjects who had the highest con-sumer innovativeness scores up to approximately 6.25%of the total sample.While Rogers (2003)indi-cates that innovators comprise 2.5%of the popula-tion to adopt,others have indicated that innovators comprise a different percentage.For instance,Maha-jan and Muller (1998)examine an innovator group that ranges in size from 12%to 20%.Robertson and Kennedy (1968)purport that innovators may com-Table 1.Summary Statistics for New Product EvaluationProducts New Brand Extended Brand T -Value for Equality of Means and Associated p -value (Two-Tailed)Chewing Gum Alpine Crest .251 x¼4:07 x¼4:17(803)(sd 51.58,n 526)(sd 51.37,n 527)Mouthwash Icewash Crest .204 x¼4:36 x¼4:43(.839)(sd 51.35,n 527)(sd 51.20,n 528)Popcorn KettlePop Ha agen-Dazs À2.738 x¼3:92 x¼2:98(.008)(sd 51.47,n 526)(sd 51.02,n 527)Candy Bar Nutso!Ha agen-Dazs 1.620 x¼3:56 x¼4:23(.112)(sd 51.43,n 525)(sd 51.48,n 525)Theme Park Odyssey Parks McDonald’s À1.030 x¼3:70 x¼3:32(.309)(sd 51.19,n 523)(sd 51.38,n 525)Frozen French Fries GoldenFries McDonald’s .597 x¼3:61 x¼3:86(.554)(sd 51.23,n 524)(sd 51.80,n 522)Totalx¼3:88 x¼3:84À.284(sd 51.39,n 5151)(sd 51.45,n 5154)(.777)Table 2.Multiple Regression AnalysesEffectsRegression 1dv 5New Product EvaluationRegression 2dv 5New Product EvaluationRegression 3dv 5Consumer ConﬁdenceRegression 4dv 5New Product EvaluationConsumer Innovativeness .161ÃÃ.165ÃÃ.094Ã.097ÃÃBrand Type.012À.177ÃÃ.142ÃÃÃConsumer Innov.ÂBrand Type .146ÃÃ.134ÃÃ.061Consumer Conﬁdence.709ÃÃÃConsumer Conf ÂBrand Type À.032Adjusted R 2.023.038.047.519F8.001ÃÃ4.972ÃÃ5.932ÃÃ66.092ÃÃÃp o .05.ÃÃp o .01.ÃÃÃp o .001.28J PROD INNOV MANAG 2010;27:23–32R.R.KLINK AND G.A.ATHAIDEprise up to 10%of the population to adopt.Further-more,Mahajan,Muller,and Srivastava (1990)ﬁnd evidence that the adopter category sizes vary by prod-uct category.Given these differing percentages,the 2.5%and the 10%ﬁgures were averaged to arrive at 6.25%.The size of this group was 20subjects,of which 9were in the new brand condition and 11were in the extended brand condition.This study found that this innovator group evaluated new brands sig-niﬁcantly higher than brand extensions ( xnew ¼4:81vs. xextended ¼3:51),t 52.204,p o .05,two-tailed).It should be noted that other noninnovator groups (i.e.,an ‘‘earlier majority’’group comprising the next high-est 43%based on consumer innovativeness,a ‘‘later majority’’group comprising the next 34%,and a ‘‘lag-gard’’group comprising the last 16%)were tested,and none of these groups evaluated new brand names sig-niﬁcantly higher than extended brand names.To test H3and H4,the procedures suggested by Muller,Judd,and Yzerbyt (2005)were followed,which build on Baron and Kenny’s (1986)recommen-dations for testing mediation effects.The mediating variable,consumer conﬁdence,was mean-centered.Step 1involved regressing new product evaluation (dependent variable)on consumer innovativeness (predictor),brand type (moderator variable),and the innovativeness Âbrand type interaction.As re-ported in Regression 2(Table 2),consumer innova-tiveness (b 5.165,p o .01)and the innovativeness Âbrand type interaction (b 5.146,p o .01)are signiﬁ-cantly related to new product evaluation,thereby in-dicating that the predictor and the interaction affects the dependent variable in a regression that does not contain the mediator.In step 2,consumer conﬁdence (mediator variable)was regressed on consumer innovativeness,brand type,and the innovativeness Âbrand type interac-tion.As can be seen with Regression 3(Table 2),innovativeness (b 5.094,p o .05),brand type (b 5À.177,p o .01),and the innovativeness Âbrand type interaction (b 5.134,p o .01)have signiﬁcant effects on consumer conﬁdence;hence,the predictor and the interaction affect the mediator.Not surpris-ingly,the regression coefﬁcient for brand type is neg-ative,which indicates that extensions are associated with more consumer conﬁdence.In step 3,new product evaluation was regressed on consumer innovativeness,brand type,the innovative-ness Âbrand type interaction,consumer conﬁdence,and the conﬁdence Âbrand type interaction.As can be seen with Regression 4(Table 2),consumer inno-vativeness (b 5.097,p o .01)and consumer conﬁdence (b 5.709,p o .001)are signiﬁcantly related to new product evaluation;thus,the mediator and the pre-dictor affect the dependent variable,while the effect of the predictor diminishes from Regression 2.This in-dicates that the positive effect of consumer innova-tiveness on new product evaluation is partially mediated by consumer conﬁdence.H3is supported.The insigniﬁcant effect of the consumer innovative-ness Âbrand type interaction (b 5.061,p 4.10)in Regression 4indicates that consumer conﬁdence fully mediates the consumer innovativeness Âbrand type interaction.Hence,H4is supported.Also,in contrast with Regression 3,the regression coefﬁcient for brand type is positive (and signiﬁcant),which indicates that when consumer conﬁdence is controlled for,new brand names lead to higher product evaluation.To better understand these results,Muller et al.(2005)recommend investigating mediation effects at different levels of the moderator.Accordingly,sepa-rate mediation tests were run for new brand names and for brand extensions.This study found that con-sumer conﬁdence mediates the consumer innovative-ness–new product evaluation relationship for new brands only.One explanation for these results is that there may not be enough risk present with brand extensions for new product response to be effected by consumer innovativeness.On the other hand,the el-evated risk involved with a new brand name may cre-ate a condition in which new product acceptance is a function of one’s adoption orientation.Discussion and Managerial ImplicationsAcademic research on branding continues to devote considerable attention to brand extensions.An im-345–1.310 1.31Consumer Innovativeness.(mean centered)N e w P r o d u c t E v a l u a t i o nNew Brand(b=.341, p<.001)Extended Brand (b=.021, p>.10)Figure 1.Slope Analysis for New Product Evaluation by Brand TypeCONSUMER INNOVATIVENESS AND BRAND NAMESJ PROD INNOV MANAG 2010;27:23–3229。

2010英语二text4

2010英语二text4Title: The Pros and Cons of TelecommutingIntroduction:With the rise of technology, telecommuting has become an increasingly popular option for many workers. This practice allows individuals to work from home or flexible locations, eliminating the need for a central office. While it offers numerous benefits, telecommuting also has its drawbacks. This article will examine both the advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting.Pros of Telecommuting:1. Increased productivity: Many studies have shown that telecommuters are more productive compared to their office-based counterparts. The absence of office distractions, such as excessive noise or interruptions from colleagues, allows telecommuters to focus on their tasks and complete them efficiently.2. Improved work-life balance: Telecommuting affords individuals the flexibility to balance their personal and professional lives. By working remotely, they can save time commuting, spend more time with their families, and engage in personal activities during their breaks. This helps reduce stress and enhances overall job satisfaction.3. Cost savings: Telecommuting can lead to significant cost savings for both employers and employees. Companies can downsize their physical office spaces, saving on rent and utilities. Meanwhile, employees save money on commuting expenses, workclothes, and lunch expenses. These savings can make a difference in the long run.Cons of Telecommuting:1. Lack of supervision and collaboration: Working remotely removes the ability for supervisors to directly oversee employees' work and provide immediate feedback. Additionally, it may limit face-to-face collaboration with colleagues, which can hinder idea generation, problem-solving, and team bonding.2. Potential for isolation: Telecommuting can create a sense of isolation for some individuals, especially if they live alone or in remote areas. The absence of social interactions and office camaraderie might lead to feelings of loneliness and decreased motivation, impacting mental well-being and job satisfaction.3. Limited access to resources: While technology has advanced, it cannot completely replicate the resources available in an office environment. Telecommuters may face challenges accessing certain equipment or tools, hindering their ability to perform certain tasks effectively.Conclusion:While telecommuting offers numerous benefits, it is not without its disadvantages. As companies continue to embrace remote work, it is crucial to find a balance between the advantages and drawbacks. Providing clear guidelines, offering training opportunities, and fostering regular communication are essential to maximize the benefits of telecommuting and minimize its drawbacks.。

MOSS 2010

Forrester Wave™: Collaboration Platforms, Q3 2009
网站应用社区
洞察
内容
搜索
整合分散的产品投资，到统一的平台架构
跨产品、跨技术、跨应用和跨组织的安全沟通与协作
部门团队个人企业
外网
内网
业务应用
(ERP、CRM、数据仓库、行业应用，等等
丰富的用户体验
放大内容的核心价值
企业级部署
数据整合
决策制定
优化机构效能
SharePoint 洞察
SharePoint 洞察
人员驱动的解决方案
数据连接
方案部署与实施
可部署范围 • Web 部件 • 事件接收器
• Feature Activation Receivers • 工作流 • InfoPath表单 • 站点和列表模板
任何地点的访问
统一ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้平台
SharePoint
SharePoint 网站
SharePoint 网站
042 440 5280
经验交流与分享
社交网络
时刻保持连接
人性化
灵活性与合规性
高效管理
本地副本支持离线访问
仅同步内容差异部分 (deltas)
合并引擎解决内容冲突
快速获取最佳结果
满足不断变化的业务需求
管理 IT 成本和业务系统复杂性
从繁杂的数据中洞察先机与客户和合作伙伴协同工作适应新世纪的工作方式符合监管需求
整合内部业务平台提供良好的扩展能力促进用户创新保护知识产权
强大的最终用户体验
灵活的IT构建的选择
统一沟通
商业智能

2010英语二part b

2010英语二part b2010年考研英语二Part B的题目是“Direction”，要求考生按照所给的中文和英文段落，完成一篇英文摘要。

中文段落：原文：在《从0到1》一书中，彼得·蒂尔提出，创新不是从1到N，而是从0到1。

他解释说，创新就是从无到有，创造新的事物。

他主张，在竞争激烈的市场中，企业应该通过创新来获得竞争优势。

他认为，成功的创新需要满足三个条件：第一，创新必须是有益的；第二，创新必须是独特的；第三，创新必须是可实施的。

英文段落：In his book "Zero to One", Peter Thiel argues that innovation is not about going from 1 to N, but about going from 0 to 1. He explains that innovation is about creating something new from nothing. He believes that in a fiercely competitive market, companies should seek to gain a competitive edge through innovation. He maintains thatsuccessful innovation must meet three conditions: first, it must be beneficial; second, it must be unique; and third, it must be feasible.英文摘要：In his book "Zero to One", Peter Thiel emphasizes that innovation is not just about improving what already exists, but rather creating something completely new. He believes that successful innovation must be both beneficial and unique, and also practical and feasible. Therefore, companies seeking a competitive edge should focus on creating something truly original that offers genuine value.。

2010年英语二作文范文

2010年英语二作文范文In the modern era, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, and education is no exception. The advent of the internet, smartphones, and various educational software has revolutionized the way we learn and teach. This essaywill explore the positive and negative impacts of technology on the educational landscape.Positive Impacts1. Access to Information: Technology has made it possible for students to access a wealth of information at their fingertips. Online databases, digital libraries, and educational websites provide a plethora of resources that were previously unavailable.2. Interactive Learning: With the help of technology, learning has become more interactive and engaging. Educational apps and software often incorporate games, quizzes, and simulations that make learning a more enjoyable experience.3. Distance Learning: Technology has made it feasible for students to learn from anywhere in the world. Online courses and degree programs have opened up opportunities for those who cannot attend traditional classes due to geographical or personal constraints.4. Collaboration: The internet has enabled students to collaborate on projects with their peers from around the globe. This not only fosters a sense of global community but also enhances the learning experience through diverse perspectives.Negative Impacts1. Distraction: While technology offers many benefits, it can also be a source of distraction. The constant presence of smartphones and social media can divert students' attention from their studies.2. Dependency: There is a risk that students may become overly reliant on technology, neglecting the development of essential skills such as critical thinking and problem-solving that cannot be outsourced to a device.3. Digital Divide: Not all students have equal access to technology. The digital divide can exacerbate educational inequalities, as those without access to the latest technology may be at a disadvantage.4. Lack of Human Interaction: The reliance on technology can sometimes lead to a decrease in face-to-face interaction between teachers and students, which is vital for effective learning and the development of social skills.ConclusionIn conclusion, technology has had a profound impact oneducation, offering numerous advantages such as increased access to information and the ability to engage in distance learning. However, it also presents challenges, such as the potential for distraction and the exacerbation of educational inequalities. It is crucial for educators and policymakers to find a balance, leveraging the benefits of technology while mitigating its drawbacks to ensure that all students can benefit from a high-quality education.。

2010年IT行业用什么研究方法

Like this pic. Feel close.
Challenge oneself.
Graffiti is standing for this era. We have the dark side as well as the sunny side.
Hope of our mother country.
• 缺点：
•没有身体语言
15
Chinese Teenagers
Want style, individualism and freedom. Chinese teenagers nowadays love in the way we want. No need to care about others’ view anymore. Want to break away from traditions.
26
2010年代的各种新方法
新学科新平台新对象
网上社区研究？
27
网上社区研究衍生出…
次手研究不是出于研究用途一手研究出于研究用途现存研究方法的“插件” 出于研究用途
博客和微博客
网上定性研究（座谈会、深访、论坛等）
调查后评价工具（例如聊天室和论坛）
维基市场研究社区社交网络网上民族志用户论坛、聊天室等
4
方法论的多样性和专业性爆发
符号学、社交媒体研究、移动平台
抽样调查、座谈会、深访
多变量统计
人类学方法、 DCM
1900
1950
1980 1990
2000 2010
5
推动方法论演化的三个引擎
新研究平台其他学科
传统社会学/ 心理学方法
新研究对象

visual studio 2010

visual studio 2010Visual Studio 2010: A Comprehensive Guide to the Revolutionary Integrated Development EnvironmentIntroductionVisual Studio 2010 is a widely used Integrated Development Environment (IDE) developed by Microsoft. It provides developers with a comprehensive set of tools and features to efficiently develop software applications for various platforms. This document serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding Visual Studio 2010, highlighting its key features, and exploring its benefits for developers.Key Features of Visual Studio 20101. IntelliSense: Visual Studio 2010 introduces IntelliSense, an intelligent code completion feature that enhances productivity by providing suggestions and auto-completion for coding syntax and objects as developers write code. This feature helps minimize coding errors and enhances code readability.2. Advanced Debugging Tools: The updated debugging tools in Visual Studio 2010 allows developers to easily identify and resolve bugs and issues within their code. The IDE includes features like breakpoints, step-by-step debugging, and watch windows, providing a seamless debugging experience.3. Integrated Version Control: Visual Studio 2010 integrates with popular version control systems like Git and Subversion, enabling developers to easily manage source code and collaborate with team members. This feature enhances code collaboration, simplifies project management, and ensures code integrity.4. Visual Designers: Visual Studio 2010 includes powerful visual designers for building user interfaces. These designers enable developers to visually design forms, web pages, and other application elements, simplifying the process of creating UI elements and enhancing productivity.5. Code Analysis: Visual Studio 2010 incorporates static code analysis tools that help identify potential issues and improve code quality. These tools provide valuable insights into code performance, security vulnerabilities, and adherence to coding standards, enabling developers to write cleaner and more maintainable code.6. Extensibility: Visual Studio 2010 supports extensions and add-ons, allowing developers to customize the IDE to suit their specific needs. Developers can create and install custom tools, templates, and extensions to enhance their development workflow and tailor the IDE to their preferences.Benefits of Visual Studio 2010 for Developers1. Increased Productivity: Visual Studio 2010's wide range of features, such as IntelliSense, debugging tools, and visual designers, significantly enhance developer productivity. These tools streamline repetitive tasks, automate code generation, and offer an intuitive interface that accelerates development workflows.2. Simplified Collaboration: The integrated version control system in Visual Studio 2010 facilitates seamless collaboration among team members. Developers can easily manage and merge code changes, track revisions, and resolve conflicts, enabling efficient teamwork and smoother project management.3. Enhanced Code Quality: Visual Studio 2010's code analysis tools aid in identifying potential issues and improving code quality. By highlighting performance bottlenecks, security vulnerabilities, and adherence to coding standards, developers can write cleaner and more maintainable code, resulting in robust software applications.4. Extensibility and Customization: Visual Studio 2010's extensibility feature allows developers to tailor the IDE to their specific needs. With a wide range of extensions and add-ons, developers can enhance their development experience, leverage custom tools, and improve overall efficiency.ConclusionVisual Studio 2010 is a powerful and feature-rich IDE that provides developers with the necessary tools to create efficient and high-quality software applications. It offers a wide range of features, including IntelliSense, advanced debugging tools, integrated version control, visual designers, and code analysis, which significantly enhance developer productivity, simplify collaboration, and improve code quality. By leveraging the capabilities of Visual Studio 2010, developers can streamline their development workflows,create robust applications, and achieve greater success in their projects.。

IT 生产率悖论

►
►
BACK
学者的认识
有学者认为IT投资的高价值源于信息技术的特性。计算机技术通常被称为”通用技术” 。IT投资相关联的高回报反映的不仅是IT的贡献，更是伴随IT投资产生的无形资产的贡献。 IT的运用和作用的发挥必然伴随着管理方式和业务流程的变革，一系列实证研究也证实了IT的高收益来源于伴随IT投资产生的无形资产: IT IT : ①企业管理质量和企业对IT的承诺能够提升IT投资对企业业绩的贡献;②拥有高比例信息员工的企业比低比例的企业从IT投资中获得更多的收益;③企业战略与 IT的联盟(Alignment)增加了IT投资回报，而且投资水平越高从联盟中获得的回报越大;④业务流程再造提升了企业的回报并且促进了企业更多IT投资;⑤进行更多IT投资并实施诸如员工参与(Employee Involvement)、全面质量管理 (Total Quality Management)等管理活动的企业获得了更高的IT收益。
国家层次第一阶段:20世纪90年代中期以前，此时悖论的核心问题 : 是IT投资与其经济绩效是否正相关，大部分的研究表明，结论是悲观的第阶段: : 率悖论率资第 20世纪90年代中期，研究结，是IT投资在的企业了，IT经的关问题是 ?” 是的，研究的 IT投资 ”，生产大的 IT投 ”
结束语：
信息系统对大多企业的经济效益提升的作用，还是得到肯定的。新华信最近一个对咨询业的调查，也加强我们的信心。几类咨询对企业效益的提升分别为：战略咨询7％，人力资源咨询11％，市场营销咨询11％，高管激励咨询17．8％，组织机构和业务流程再造咨询 13．5％，而做过ＩＴ咨询企业比同类企业效益高了 17．7％。从这组数据看出两个问题，一IT技术对企业的作用很大，多数企业IT应用不是很成功需要IT咨询助力。中国的企业和信息化提供商，都还处于信息化应用的初级阶段。中国的信息化工作还有很多系统的研究工作要做，主管部门还有很多标准、行业规范要在学习和实践中推出。中国的信息化道路，还需要很长的路要走。 “路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下探询兮”，让我们和企业共勉！

2010年考研英语真题(含答案解析)

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting大1家workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 大2家giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect", the extremely influential idea that the very 大3家to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 大4家behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 大5家of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 大6家what was done in the experiment; 大7家something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 大8家that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 大9家to alter workers' behavior 大10家itself.After several decades, the same data were 大11家to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments hasanother surprise store 大12家the descriptions on record, no systematic 大13家was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 大14家interpretation of whathapped. 大15家, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output大16家rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 大18家, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 大19家to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 大20家 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D]intended20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to w riters who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lif etime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents." Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too manypatents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such,within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。

2010考研英语一解析

2010考研英语一解析Question 1: Reading ComprehensionQuestion: Based on the passage, choose the best answer.Passage Summary: The article discusses the impact of global climate change on agriculture, particularly on wheat yield.Question: What is the main topic of the article?A. The causes of global climate changeB. The impact of global climate change on agricultureC. Technological advancements in wheat cultivationD. The impact of climate change on the global economyAnswer: BAnalysis: The article primarily discusses the impact of global climate change on agriculture, especially wheat yield. While options A, C, and D are related to the content of the article, they are not the main focus of the discussion.Question 2: Cloze TestQuestion: Choose the best answer from the given options to complete the article.Passage Summary: The article tells a story about teamwork and leadership.Question: Fill in the blank with the most suitable word.The team was struggling to complete the project on time. The leader realized that they needed to __________ more efficiently.A. workB. communicateC. relaxD. competeAnswer: AAnalysis: According to the context of the article, the team needs to work more efficiently to complete the project on time. While options B, C, and D are things the team might also need to do, the most suitable answer in this context is A.Question 3: TranslationQuestion: Translate the following sentence into English.Sentence: 随着科技的发展，人们的生活变得越来越便利。

2010英语二答案解析

2010英语二答案解析2010英语二答案解析【篇一：2010-2015十年英语二真题及答案解析】directions：read the following text。

choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and marka,b,c or d on answer sheet 1.（10 points）in our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a underground. one answer is fear, according to jon wortmann, executive mental coach. we fear rejection, or that our innocent to us, so we are more likely to when communicating with them compared with our friends and 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists nicholas epley and juliana schroeder asked commuters to do the though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after the experiment, not a single person reported having been snubbed. were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes feel connected.1. [a] ticket [b] permit [c] signall [d] record2. [a] nothing [b] link [c] another [d] much3. [a] beaten [b] guided [c] plugged [d] brought4. [a] message [b] cede [c] notice [d] sign5. [a] under [b] beyond [c] behind [d] from6. [a] misinterprete [b] misapplied [c] misadjusted [d] mismatched7. [a] fired [b] judged [c] replaced [d] delayed8. [a] ueasonable [b] ungreatful [c] unconventional [d] unfamiliar9. [a] comfortable [b] anxious [c] confident [d] angry10. [a] attend [b] point [c] take [d] turn11. [a] dangerous [b] mysterious [c] violent [d] boring12. [a] hurt [b] resist [c] bend [d] decay13. [a] lecture [b] conversation [c] debate [d] negotiation14. [a] trainees [b] employees [c] researchers [d] passengers15. [a] reveal [b] choose [c] predictl [d] design16. [a] voyage [b] flight [c] walk [d] ride17. [a] went through [b] did away [c] caught up [d] put up18. [a] in turn [b] in particular [c] in fact [d] in consequence19. [a] unless [b] since [c] if [d] whereas20. [a] funny [b] simple [c] logical [d] raresection ii reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions beloweach text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points)text 1a new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home that at work. researchers measured people‘s cortisol, which is stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.―further con tradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,‖ writes one of the researchers, sarah damaske. in fact women even say they feel better at wo rk, she notes, ―it is men, not women, who repo rt being happier at home than at work.‖ another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those withchildren and without, but more so for nonparents. this is why people who work outside the home have better health.what the study doesn‘t measure is whether people are still doing work when they‘re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. for many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. for women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. and for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. with the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for work ing women, it‘s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.but it‘s not just a gender thing. at work, people pretty much know what they‘re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. the bargain is very pure: employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.on the home front, however, people have no such clarity. rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. there are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. your home colleagues- your family- have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they‘re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. plus, th ey‘re your family. you cannot fire your family. you never really get to go home from home.so it‘s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co- workers are much harder to motivate.21. according to paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_______[a] was an uealistic place for relaxation[b] generated more stress than the workplace[c] was an ideal place for stress measurement[d] offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. according to damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[a] working mothers[b] childless husbands[c] childless wives[d] working fathers23. the blurring of working women‘s roles refers to the fact thay_______[a] they are both bread winners and housewives[b] their home is also a place for kicking back[c] there is often much housework left behind[d] it is difficult for them to leave their office24. the word ―moola‖(line 4, para 4) most probablymeans_______[a] energy[b] skills[c] earnings[d] nutrition25. the home front differs from the workplace in that_______[a] home is hardly a cozier working environment[b] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[c] household tasks are generally more motivating[d] family labor is often adequately rewardedtext2for years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. but since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. this has created ―a paradox‖ in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has ―continued to reproduce and widen, rather t han close‖ ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal psychological science.but the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students. the authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. first generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of pell grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true onlyfor 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generationstudents may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. they cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.many first- generation students ―struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ?rules of the game,‘ and take advantage of college resources,‖ t hey write. and this becomes more of a problem when collagesdon‘t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. because us colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ‘educational ex perience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students‘ like them can improv e.26. recruiting more first- generation students has_______[a] reduced their dropout rates[b] narrowed the achievement gao[c] missed its original purpose[d] depressed college students27. the author of the research article are optimisticbecause_______[a] the problem is solvable[b] their approach is costless[c] the recruiting rate has increased[d] their finding appeal to students28. the study suggests that most first- generationstudents______[a] study at private universities[b] are from single-parent families[c] are in need of financial support[d] have failed their collage29. the author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[a] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[b] can have a potential influence on other students[c] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[d] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. we may infer from the last paragraph that_______[a] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[b] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[c] social class greatly helps eich educational experiences[d]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question text3even in traditional offices, ―the lingua franca of corporate america has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,‖ said harvard business school professor nancy koehn. she started spinning off examples. ―if you and i parachuted back to fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. there were goals, therewere strategies, there were objectives, but we didn‘t talk about energy; we didn‘t talk about passion.‖koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very ―team‖-oriented—and not by coincidence. ―let‘s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate america, it‘s still a big deal. it‘s not explicitly conscious; it‘s the idea that i‘m a coach, and you‘re my team, and we‘re in this together. there are lots and lots of ceos in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and theywant to win.‖ these terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. ―you have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,‖ said khurana.but this seems to be the irony of office speak: everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. as nunberg said, ―you can get people to think it‘s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.‖ in a workplace that‘s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning,office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. according to nancy koehn,office language hasbecome_____[a] more emotional[b] more objective[c] less energetic[d] less strategic32. ―team‖-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely relatedto_______[a] historical incidents[b] gender difference[c] sports culture[d] athletic executives33.khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[a] revive historical terms[b] promote company image[c] foster corporate cooperation[d] strengthen employee loyalty34.it can be inferred that lean in________[a] voices for working women[b] appeals to passionate workaholics[c] triggers dcbates among mommies[d] praises motivated employees35.which of the following statements is true about office speak?[a] managers admire it but avoid it[b] linguists believe it to be nonsense[c] companies find it to be fundamental[d] regular people mock it but accept ittext 4many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the labor department reported for june, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. and they were right. for now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. we still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.however, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. there was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.this figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level. before explaining the connection to the obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. they take part-time work because this is all they can get. an increase in involuntary part-time in june, but the general direction has been down.involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent) from its year ago level.we know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. the survey used by the labor department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. if the answer is ―yes,‖ they are classified as working part-time. they survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. they are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a【篇二：2010考研英语二真题解析曲巍巍】1)“sustainability” has become a popular word the se days, but to ted ning, the concept will always have personal meaning.(2)having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.(3)ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. (4)he?d been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a boulder agency.(5)it didn?t go well. (6)“it was a really bad move because that?s not my passion,” says ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. (7)“i was misera ble.(8)i had so much anxiety that i would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. (9)i had no money and needed the job. (10)everyone said, ?just wait, you?ll turn the corner, give it some time.?”【篇章导读】本文节选自杂志《体验生活》（experience life）2009年12月刊上的一文，描述了ning如何辗转挣扎、前途未卜的处境。

ms office 2010

ms office 2010Microsoft Office 2010IntroductionMicrosoft Office 2010 is a popular productivity suite developed by Microsoft Corporation. It includes a wide range of applications designed to assist individuals and organizations with tasks such as document creation, data analysis, presentations, and more. With its user-friendly interface and powerful features, MS Office 2010 has become an essential tool for professionals, students, and home users alike.Word 2010One of the key components of MS Office 2010 is Word, the word processing application. Word 2010 offers various tools and features to create, format, and edit documents efficiently. With its improved interface and enhanced collaboration capabilities, users can easily work on documents together in real-time, making it ideal for teams working on projects.Excel 2010Excel, the spreadsheet application in MS Office 2010, is widely used for data analysis, calculations, and visualization. Excel 2010 introduces new features such as sparklines, Slicers, and improved PivotTable functionality, enabling users to better analyze and present data. Additionally, Excel 2010 provides enhanced collaboration options, allowing multiple users to work on a spreadsheet simultaneously.PowerPoint 2010PowerPoint is a powerful presentation tool that helps users create visually appealing and engaging presentations. PowerPoint 2010 introduces new features such as video editing capabilities, enhanced transitions, and dynamic charts, making it easier to create professional-looking presentations. With improved collaboration options, users can work on presentations together, edit in real-time, and share them easily.Outlook 2010Outlook is an email client and personal information manager included in MS Office 2010. With Outlook 2010, users can efficiently manage their emails, contacts, calendars, and tasks from a single application. It offers features like Quick Steps, Conversation View, and improved search functionality to enhance organization and productivity.OneNote 2010OneNote is a note-taking application designed for gathering, organizing, and sharing information. OneNote 2010 allows users to create digital notebooks that can be accessed from various devices. It offers features such as tagging, searching, and syncing across devices, making it a versatile tool for capturing ideas, taking notes, and collaborating with others.Other Applications and FeaturesIn addition to the core applications mentioned above, MS Office 2010 includes several other useful applications. These include Publisher, a desktop publishing tool; Access, a database management system; and InfoPath, a form creation and data-gathering tool. Together, these applications provide a comprehensive suite of tools for various work and personal needs.Compatibility and System RequirementsMS Office 2010 is designed to be compatible with Windows operating systems, including Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10. It is also available for certain versions of Mac OS X. The system requirements for MS Office 2010 include a minimum of 1 gigahertz (GHz) processor, 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM for 32-bit systems or 2 GB RAM for 64-bit systems, and at least 3 gigabytes (GB) of available hard disk space.ConclusionMicrosoft Office 2010 has revolutionized the way individuals and organizations handle their documents, data, and presentations. Its user-friendly interface, powerful features, and improved collaboration capabilities make it a go-to productivity suite for professionals. By providing tools like Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, OneNote, and other applications, MS Office 2010 helps users streamline their tasks and boost their productivity. Whether you are a student, a professional, or a home user, MS Office 2010 is an indispensable tool for managing your work and personal documents effectively.。

Acer2010全球发布会剑指世界第一宝座——“Source To Home”,Acer 2010全新市场战略预霸移动互联先机

据了解，宏著与方正宣布达成在战略合作之前，至连很多双方的公甚司员工都不知道此事，见双方对此可
全球发布会．布了其全新的市场战公略。将以Ａｅｅｒｆ解决方案弓领ｃｒｄａ．ｉ１
ＬｍｉａｕＲｅｄ的电子书产品。
据最新数据显示，０９年，宏暮客户和政府客户等细分市场的优势，２０
全年营收同比增长２％，下１９亿５创７美元的历史新高；出货量则增长２％，远超５２９．％的行业平均增长率，并借重宏著在定义和设计移动产品
６
计算机与网络创新生活
Ａｅ００全球发布会剑指世界第一宝座ｃｒ２１
— —
“ ｏｒｅＴｏＳｕｃｏＨｍｅ” Ａｅ００全新市场战略预霸移动互联先机，ｃｒ２１
度的优势互补。
据宏著ＣＯ兰奇介绍．预计Ｅ
购。
５月２７日。著集团在北京隆重宏
举行以 “ ｏｒｅＴｍｅ为主题的ＳｕｃｏＨｏ ”
至少是其它竞争对手两倍以上。国中
市场在宏薯２００９年总营收中占据了５的市场比例．接近９亿美金的营％收。宏暮ＣＯ蒋可凡・兰奇Ｅ（ｉｆｎｏＬｎｉ认为，未来一年Ｇａｒｃ？ａｃ）ｎａ在或者一年半之后，国有望成为世界中第一大电脑市场．宏薯此次选择在而

2010考研英语二大作文

2010考研英语二大作文2010年考研英语二大作文题目为：The Importance ofCritical Thinking（批判性思维的重要性）。

以下是一篇参考范文：The Importance of Critical Thinking。

Critical thinking is an essential skill for success in today's complex and rapidly changing world. It is theability to analyze and evaluate information, arguments, and ideas in a systematic and logical manner. In a societywhere we are bombarded with information from multiple sources, critical thinking allows us to separate fact from fiction, make informed decisions, and solve problems effectively.One of the key benefits of critical thinking is itsrole in promoting intellectual independence. When we are able to think critically, we are less likely to be swayedby emotional appeals or biased information. Instead, we are able to form our own opinions based on evidence and reason.This not only makes us better informed individuals, but also helps to foster a culture of open-mindedness and tolerance.Furthermore, critical thinking is crucial for successin the workplace. Employers are increasingly seeking employees who can think critically and creatively, as these skills are essential for innovation and problem-solving. In a world where technology and globalization are rapidly changing the nature of work, individuals who possess strong critical thinking skills are better equipped to adapt to new challenges and thrive in the modern economy.In addition, critical thinking plays a crucial role in promoting civic engagement and informed citizenship. In a democratic society, it is essential that citizens are able to critically evaluate political candidates, policies, and media messages. Without the ability to think critically, individuals are susceptible to manipulation and misinformation, which can have serious consequences for the functioning of a democratic society.In conclusion, critical thinking is a vital skill that is essential for success in the 21st century. It allows individuals to make informed decisions, solve problems, and adapt to a rapidly changing world. Furthermore, critical thinking promotes intellectual independence, fosters innovation, and is essential for informed citizenship. Therefore, it is crucial that we prioritize the development of critical thinking skills in education and in our daily lives. Only by doing so can we ensure that individuals are equipped to thrive in the modern world and contribute to the betterment of society.。

2010年英语二大作文

2010年英语二大作文In the past few decades, technology has made significant inroads into the field of education, transforming the way students learn and teachers instruct. This essay will explore the multifaceted impact of technology on education, focusing on both its advantages and challenges.Firstly, one of the most notable benefits of technology in education is the accessibility it provides to a vast array of information. With the advent of the internet, students can now access a wealth of knowledge at the click of a button. Online resources such as educational websites, e-books, and digital libraries have become invaluable tools for research and learning.Secondly, technology has also facilitated more interactive and engaging learning experiences. The use of multimedia tools, including videos, audio clips, and interactive software, can make complex subjects more digestible and enjoyable for students. Furthermore, technology has enabled new forms of collaboration, both within the classroom and beyond. Students can now work together on projects, share ideas, and give feedback in real-time, regardless of their physical location.However, the integration of technology in education is not without its challenges. One of the primary concerns is the digital divide, where unequal access to technology canexacerbate existing educational inequalities. Students from disadvantaged backgrounds may not have the same access to technological resources as their more affluent peers, which can hinder their ability to fully participate in tech-enhanced learning.Additionally, there is the issue of information overload. The sheer volume of information available online can be overwhelming for students, making it difficult for them to discern credible sources from unreliable ones. This requires a new set of skills, such as critical thinking and information literacy, which must be taught alongside traditional academic subjects.In conclusion, technology has revolutionized education by making information more accessible and by providing new tools for interactive learning. However, it also presents challenges that must be addressed to ensure that all students can benefit from these advancements. As we move forward, itis crucial for educators to continue exploring how best to harness the power of technology to enhance learning experiences while also addressing the issues of equity and information literacy.。

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• 20世纪年代，以计算机为代表的信息技术开始应用于世纪50年代世纪年代，
商业领域。 80年代年代，商业领域。在80年代，仅美国企业在信息技术方面的投资额就超过了1亿美元然而，亿美元，年开始，额就超过了亿美元，然而，1973年开始，美国的生产率增年开始长率跌入了低谷。摩根集团的一位经济学家Roach，为了长率跌入了低谷。摩根集团的一位经济学家，研究这一问题，对 1977年至研究这一问题，年至1984年期间的资料进行了分析。年期间的资料进行了分析。这一问题年至年期间的资料进行了分析结果发现，结果发现，这一时期美国企业大量的计算机设施投资并没有带来生产率的提高，于是，提出了观点了观点——信息技术有带来生产率的提高，于是，他提出了观点信息技术投资和生产率发展的相关关系很弱。投资和生产率发展的相关关系很弱。
姜建强，乔延清，孙烽，姜建强，乔延清，孙烽，信息技术革命与生产率悖论 . 姜建强，殷剑锋，电脑为土？经济学消息报，姜建强，殷剑锋，电脑为土？ . 经济学消息报，4/1/2000 . 李治堂，信息技术投资“生产率悖论”研究及其最新进展. 李治堂，信息技术投资“生产率悖论”研究及其最新进展外国经济与管理，外国经济与管理，9/2004.
About our team …
孟晓晔 09
Speaker
Combine the materials and make PPT .
高小亚高小亚 11 沈笑璐 12 俞莎 13 姜岚岚 14
^_^：We
sorting. do information collecting and sorting Check all the work.
IT Production Paradox
我们认为，我们认为，资本存量假说和时滞假说更具有说服力。具有说服力。资本存量假说从IT产业所占社会资本存量的资本存量假说从产业所占社会资本存量的角度来分析其对生产率增长的影响力。角度来分析其对生产率增长的影响力。而时滞假说则认为信息技术作为一种新技术，假说则认为信息技术作为一种新技术，需要一段时间来起步，段时间来起步，所以其投资和获得经济效益之间存在时滞，事实上， IT生产率悖论正在逐渐间存在时滞，事实上，生产率悖论正在逐渐弱化和走向消失。弱化和走向消失。
望收益不一致的现象称为“ 望收益不一致的现象称为“生产率悖论 ”。悖论的主要表现有：悖论的主要表现有： 1.信息技术的投入没有从根本上提高企业的生产率。信息技术的投入没有从根本上提高企业的生产率。信息技术的投入没有从根本上提高企业的生产率 2.信息技术的投入没有达到企业预期的效益。信息技术的投入没有达到企业预期的效益。信息技术的投入没有达到企业预期的效益 3.信息技术的投入没有大幅提高个人及部门的业绩。信息技术的投入没有大幅提高个人及部门的业绩。信息技术的投入没有大幅提高个人及部门的业绩
李芳 10
朱颖 42Βιβλιοθήκη P a ra d o x ?
IT Production Paradox
Then… • 1988年诺贝尔经济学奖得主年诺贝尔经济学奖得主Robert Solow发布年诺贝尔经济学奖得主发布
了一个了一个著名论断:"We see the computer age 论断
everywhere except in the Productivity Statistics"。随后，人们把对投资的实际和期。随后，人们把对IT投资的实际和期
IT Production Paradox
So,we are deliberating
as a management …
企业的目标是利益，我们需要考虑的就是如何企业的目标是利益，跳出IT生产率悖论的困境，跳出生产率悖论的困境，通过对信息技术的生产率悖论的困境投资来实现生产率的增长和利润的上升。投资来实现生产率的增长和利润的上升。
IT Production Paradox
Oline and Sichel甚至构建了一个数学模型来定量分析经甚至构建了一个数学模型来定量分析经甚至构建了一个数学模型济增长与资产比重的关系：济增长与资产比重的关系：
IT Production Paradox
IT Production Paradox
Information Technology Production Paradox
IT Production Paradox
Let’s see the background of this theoryITs P ro d u c tio n first. • W h a t is ’ presenting
IT Production Paradox
Nowadays…
There are lots of views appeared about IT production paradox in the academia. 资本存量假说（Oline and Sichel,1994）替代效应假说（Jorgenson and Stiroh,1999）统计误测假说时滞假说 ……
IT Production Paradox
主要参考文献：主要参考文献：
陈道志，中国信息导报，陈道志，信息技术的生产率悖论 . 中国信息导报，10/2005 . Martin Curley，管理信息技术的商业价值，管理信息技术的商业价值——IT和业务经理和业务经理实用策略[M] . 北京：电子工业出版社，2006 . 北京：电子工业出版社，实用策略
IT Production Paradox
1. 利用技术，进行相关研究，促进产品研发和创利用IT技术，进行相关研究，技术新，减少新产品上市时间。减少新产品上市时间。 2. 利用技术，提高服务质量和扩大市场基础，从利用IT技术，提高服务质量和扩大市场基础，技术而提升产品竞争实力。提升产品竞争实力。产品竞争实力 3. 利用技术，对企业进行科学的组织管理，提高利用IT技术，对企业进行科学的组织管理，技术运营效率。运营效率。 4. 利用技术，可以对组织记忆进行深化，以固化利用IT技术，可以对组织记忆进行深化，技术企业的运营模式。企业的运营模式。