再保险概述

history
The origins of insurance
The origins of insurance are lost in the mists of antiquity but from very early times various attempts were made, initially in connection with ships and cargoes, to achieve a spreading of risk, which is the simple purpose of both insurance and reinsurance.
mists of antiquity：历史的迷雾 Initially：最初 Spread：分散，分布
MERCHANT UNDERWRITERS：
商人保险商
It is clear from all the early policies that the insurers were individuals, and it seems probable that for a very long time insurance business was carried on not as a separate profession or business but as an adjunct of the operations of merchants.
Parties agree to a formula for calculating profit, an allowance for the reinsurer’s expenses, and the cedant’s share of such profit after expenses
Formula：公式 Allowance：津贴、定量供应、允许，补助
再保险又称分保，指原保险人将自己承担的 部分或全部保险合同责任分给再保险人。
Ceding Company:分出人
▪ A Primary Company:原保险人 ▪ Direct Company:直接保险公司 ▪ cedant , cedent , ---- all known as the
“Reinsured” ----再保险分出人 ▪ Cede: ▪ When a company reinsures its liability
Reinsurer
Retrocede:转分保
▪ Retrocession: Reinsurance of Reinsurance
----转分保，分保的再次分保 ▪ Retrocessionaire and Retrocedent:
The parties to a Retrocession ▪ Retrocessionaire：转分接受人； ▪ Retrocedent:转分保分出人
of another under contract. Assume：假定，承担，接受
Three (Re)insurance Parties
保险和再保险的当事人的关系
Insurance
Reinsurance
Insured
Insurer Reinsured Ceding company Cedant
概述---Summarபைடு நூலகம்ze
Definitions-定义 History-历史 Nature-属性 Function-作用
Definitions：定义
What Do These Words Mean?这些名词的意思是什么
Reinsurance : 再保险
A form of insurance whereby one insurer (the reinsurer) indemnifies another insurer (the reinsured) for losses under insurance policies issued by the reinsured to the public.
Commission：佣金
- In reinsurance, the primary insurance company usually pays the reinsurer its proportion of the gross premium it receives on a risk.
The reinsurer then allows the company a ceding or direct commission allowance on such gross premium received, large enough to reimburse the company for the commission paid to its agents, plus taxes and its overhead.
with another, it “cedes” business ----再 保，分保，；割让；让与；放弃
Ceded company:分入公司
▪ -----the Company to whom the risk is transferred
Reinsurer: 再保险人，再保险接受人 ----An insurer or reinsurer assuming the risk
The amount of such allowance frequently determines profit or loss to the reinsurer.
Reimburse：补偿；overhead：经营管理费用
Profit Commission 盈余佣金，纯益手续费
- A provision found in some reinsurance agreements which provides for profit sharing.
Retention:自留额
▪ Retention：自留额
-----The amount of risk not being reinsured ▪ Cession：分出额 -----The portion of the sum insured of a risk ceded to a reinsurer by the Cedant.