2015年1月24日SAT真题解析

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2015年1月新SAT样题(写作部分)

2015年1月新SAT样题（写作部分）一、文档说明：1.本样题由CB于2015年1月10日发布，明志教育整理；2.本样题共分为4部分，分别为：（1）数学部分（2）阅读部分（3）文法部分（4）写作部分本文档是写作部分；3.更多信息，请登录明志教育官网新SAT资讯版块查看链接地址：/news.html4.北京明志教育将于1月底发布样题详细解析，敬请期待；二、使用说明1.本文档分为三部分：（1）写作考试形式（2）评分标准（3）范文及评价2.建议学生重点关注新写作考试的形式变化，评分标准的讲解和作文的备考方式将有明志教育在新SAT课堂上讲解。

一、写作考试形式新SAT考试写作部分要求学生阅读一篇文章之后，针对所阅读的文章内容，在50分钟内完成一篇500字左右的分析性写作。

考试不要求表达个人观点和描写个人经历，只需要对提供的阅读材料内容和内在逻辑关联进行复述即可。

评分将由两名评分人进行，每名评分人的给分区间是1-4，因此一篇作文的最终得分区间是2-8.需要注意的是，评分人对作文评分时，将会分成阅读（Reading）、分析(Analysis)、写作(Writing)三个部分分别进行打分。

三个部分分别考察考生的如下能力：（1）阅读部分：考察考生对于所提供阅读材料内容、细节、证据等信息的获取和理解能力（2）分析部分：考察考生对于依据所提供阅读材料的评估论证和推理能力（3）写作部分：考察考生能否在写作中做到重点突出、条理清晰及表达准确为便于大家了解，我们对新SAT写作部分发生的重要的变化做出了如下总结：（1）写作时间调整为50分钟（2）满分调整为8分（3）写作部分为可选项（4）阅读、分析、写作三部分独立评分（5）选取的阅读材料来源于艺术、科学、社会、文化、政治生活中的新思想、新辩论和新趋势二、评分标准·Essay评分说明表分数阅读分析写作4优秀：作文体现了对材料文章能够全面理解；作文展现了对材料文章核心观点和大部分重要细节以及它们如何相互关联的理解，展现对文章的全面理解；作文没有事实的或对文本解读的错误；作文能纯熟地使用文本证据（直接引用、转述，或者两者皆有），展现对于材料文章的完整理解。

2015年1月新SAT样题(阅读部分)

2015年1月新SAT样题（阅读部分）一、文章来源：1.本样题由CB于2015年1月10日发布，北京明志教育整理；2.本样题共分为4部分，分别为：（1）数学部分（2）阅读部分（3）文法部分（4）写作部分本文档是阅读部分；3.更多信息，请登录明志教育官网新SAT资讯版块查看链接地址：/news.html4.北京明志教育将于1月底发布样题详细解析，敬请期待；二、使用说明1.此次发布的样题共5篇文章，主题如下:(1)与女仆的情感关系（文学小类）(2)交通阻塞（社会科学类）(3)海龟的磁场定位（自然科学类）(4)弹劾尼克松总统（政治类）(5)动物的智商（对比阅读-自然科学类）2.文档最后一页(第15页)附有题目的正确答案3.为排版美观，本文档文章行号与原机考行号不一致，行号定位题在文中用蓝色加下划线标注，寻证题用括号（）标注。

4.分析本样题可得出新SAT阅读趋势（1）背景知识变难（2）增加寻证题（3）增加图表信息（4）增加较为专业的学科文章（5）行号定位被弱化第一篇文章主题：与女仆的情感关系（文学小说）Questions1-5are based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Edith Wharton,Ethan Frome,originally published in1911.Mattie Silver is Ethan’s household employee.（Mattie Silver had lived under Ethan’s roof for a year,and from early morning till they met at supper he had frequent chances of seeing her;but no moments in her company were comparable to those when,her arm in his,and her light step flying to keep time with his long stride,they walked back through the night to the farm.）（He had taken to the girl from the first day,when he had driven over to the Flats to meet her,and she had smiled and waved to him from the train,crying out,“You must be Ethan!”as she jumped down with her bundles,houseworkwhile he reflected, looking over her slight person:“She don’t look much on housework,but she ain’t a fretter, anyhow.”）（But it was not only that the coming to his house of a bit of hopeful young life was like the lighting of a fire on a cold hearth.）The girl was more than the bright serviceable creature he had thought her.（She had an eye to see and an ear to hear:he could show her things and tell her things,and taste the bliss of feeling that all he imparted left long reverberations and echoes he could wake at will.）It was during their night walks back to the farm that he felt most intensely the sweetness of this communion.He had always been more sensitive than the people about him to the appeal of natural beauty.His unfinished studies had given form to this sensibility and even in his unhappiest moments field and sky spoke to him with a deep and powerful persuasion.But hitherto the emotion had remained in him as a silent ache,veiling with sadness the beauty that evoked it.He did not even know whether any one else in the world felt as he did,or whether he was the sole victim of this mournful privilege.Then he learned that one other spirit had trembled with the same touch of wonder:that at his side,living under his roof and eating his bread,was a creature to whom he could say:“That’s Orion down yonder;the big fellow to the right is Aldebaran,and the bunch of little ones—like bees swarming—they’re the Pleiades...”or whom he could hold entranced before a ledge of granite thrusting up through the fern while he unrolled the huge panorama of the ice age,and the long dim stretches of succeeding time.The fact that admiration for his learning mingled with Mattie’s wonder at what he taught was not the least part of his pleasure.And there were other sensations,less definable but more exquisite,which drew them together with a shock of silent joy:the cold red of sunset behind winter hills,the flight of cloud-flocks over slopes of golden stubble,or the intensely blue shadows of hemlocks on sunlit snow.When she said to him once:“It looks just as if it was painted!”it seemed to Ethan that the art of definition could go no farther,and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul....As he stood in the darkness outside the church these memories came back with the poignancy of vanished things.Watching Mattie whirl down the floor from hand to hand he wondered how he could ever have thought that his dull talk interested her.To him,who was never gay but in her presence,her gaiety seemed plain proof of indifference.The face she lifted to her dancers was thesame which,when she saw him,always looked like a window that has caught the sunset.He even noticed two or three gestures which,in his fatuity,he had thought she kept for him:a way of throwing her head back when she was amused,as if to taste her laugh before she let it out,and a trick of sinking her lids slowly when anything charmed or moved her.1.Over the course of the passage,the main focus of the narrative shifts from the(A)reservations a character has about a person he has just met to a growing appreciation that character has of the person’s worth.(B)ambivalence a character feels about his sensitive nature to the character’s recognition of the advantages of having profound emotions.(C)intensity of feeling a character has for another person to the character’s concern that that intensity is not reciprocated.(D)value a character attaches to the wonders of the natural world to a rejection of that sort of beauty in favor of human artistry.2.In the context of the passage,the author’s use of the phrase“her light step flying to keep time with his long stride”(line4)is primarily meant to convey the idea that(A)Ethan and Mattie share a powerful enthusiasm.(B)Mattie strives to match the speed at which Ethan works.(C)Mattie and Ethan playfully compete with each other.(D)Ethan walks at a pace that frustrates Mattie.3.The description in the first paragraph indicates that what Ethan values most about Mattie is her(A)fitness for farm labor.(B)vivacious youth.(C)receptive nature.(D)freedom from worry.4.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?(A)Lines1–5(“Mattie...farm”)(B)Lines5–10(“He had...anyhow”)(C)Lines10–11(“But it...hearth”)(D)Lines12–15(“She had...will”)5.The author includes the descriptions of the sunset,the clouds,and the hemlock shadows(lines 34–36)primarily to(A)suggest the peacefulness of the natural world.(B)emphasize the acuteness of two characters’sensations.(C)foreshadow the declining fortunes of two characters.(D)offer a sense of how fleeting time can be.第二篇文章主题：交通阻塞（社会科学类）Questions6–8are based on the following passage and supplementary material.This passage is adapted from Richard Florida,The Great Reset.©2010by Richard Florida.In today’s idea-driven economy,the cost of time is what really matters.With the constant pressure to innovate,it makes little sense to waste countless collective hours commuting.So,the most efficient and productive regions are those in which people are thinking and working—not sitting in traffic.The auto-dependent transportation system has reached its limit in most major cities and muting by car is among the least efficient of all our activities—not to mention among the least enjoyable,according to detailed research by the Nobel Prize–winning economist Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues.Though one might think that the economic crisis beginning in2007would have reduced traffic(high unemployment means fewer workers traveling to and from work),the opposite has been true.Average commutes have lengthened,and congestion has gotten worse,if anything.The average commute rose in2008to25.5minutes,“erasing years of decreases to stand at the level of2000,as people had to leave home earlier in the morning to pick up friends for their ride to work or to catch a bus or subway train,”according to the U.S.Census Bureau,which collects the figures.And those are average mutes are far longer in the big West Coast cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco and the East Coast cities of New York, Philadelphia,Baltimore,and Washington,D.C.In many of these cities,gridlock has become the norm,not just at rush hour but all day,every day.The costs are astounding.In Los Angeles,congestion eats up more than485million working hours a year;that’s seventy hours,or nearly two weeks,of full-time work per commuter.In D.C., the time cost of congestion is sixty-two hours per worker per year.In New York it’s forty-four hours.Average it out,and the time cost across America’s thirteen biggest city-regions is fifty-one hours per worker per year.Across the country,commuting wastes4.2billion hours of work time annually—nearly a full workweek for every commuter.The overall cost to the U.S.economy is nearly$90billion when lost productivity and wasted fuel are taken into account.At the Martin Prosperity Institute,we calculate that every minute shaved off America’s commuting time is worth$19.5billion in value added to the economy.The numbers add up fast:five minutes is worth$97.7 billion;ten minutes,$195billion;fifteen minutes,$292billion.It’s ironic that so many people still believe the main remedy for traffic congestion is to build more roads and highways,which of course only makes the problem worse.New roads generate higher levels of“induced traffic,”that is,new roads just invite drivers to drive more and lure people who take mass transit back to their cars.Eventually,we end up with more clogged roads rather than a long-term improvement in traffic flow.The coming decades will likely see more intense clustering of jobs,innovation,and productivity in a smaller number of bigger cities and city-regions.Some regions could end up bloated beyond the capacity of their infrastructure,while others struggle,their promise stymied by inadequate human or other resources.Adapted from Adam Werbach,“The American Commuter Spends38Hours a Year Stuck in Traffic.”©2013by The Atlantic.6.The passage most strongly suggests that researchers at the Martin Prosperity Institute share which assumption?(A)Employees who work from home are more valuable to their employers than employees who commute.(B)Employees whose commutes are shortened will use the time saved to do additional productive work for their employers.(C)Employees can conduct business activities,such as composing memos or joining conference calls,while commuting.(D)Employees who have lengthy commutes tend to make more money than employees who have shorter commutes.7.As used in line42,“intense”most nearly means(A)emotional.(B)concentrated.(C)brilliant.(D)determined.8.Which claim about traffic congestion is supported by the graph?(A)New York City commuters spend less time annually delayed by traffic congestion than the average for very large cities.(B)Los Angeles commuters are delayed more hours annually by traffic congestion than are commuters in Washington,D.C.(C)Commuters in Washington,D.C.,face greater delays annually due to traffic congestion than do commuters in New York City.(D)Commuters in Detroit spend more time delayed annually by traffic congestion than do commuters in Houston,Atlanta,and Chicago.第三篇文章主题：海龟的磁场定位（自然科学类）Questions9–14are based on the following passage and supplementary material.This passage is adapted from Ed Yong,“Turtles Use the Earth’s Magnetic Field as Global GPS.”©2011by Kalmbach Publishing Co.（In1996,a loggerhead turtle called Adelita swam across9,000miles from Mexico to Japan, crossing the entire Pacific on her way.）Wallace J.Nicholstracked this epic journey with a satellite tag.But Adelita herself had no such technology at her disposal.How did she steer a route across two oceans to find her destination?Nathan Putman has the answer.By testing hatchling turtles in a special tank,he has found that they can use the Earth’s magnetic field as their own Global Positioning System(GPS).By sensing the field,they can work out both their latitude and longitude and head in the right direction. Putman works in the lab of Ken Lohmann,who has been studying the magnetic abilities of loggerheads for over20years.In his lab at the University of North Carolina,Lohmann places hatchlings in a large water tank surrounded by a large grid of electromagnetic coils.In1991,he found that the babies started in the opposite direction if he used the coils to reverse the direction of the magnetic field around them.They could use the field as a compass to get their bearing. Later,Lohmann showed that they can also use the magnetic field to work out their position.For them,this is literally a matter of life or death.Hatchlings born off the sea coast of Florida spend their early lives in the North Atlantic gyre,a warm current that circles between North America and Africa.If they’re swept towards the cold waters outside the gyre,they die.Their magnetic sense keeps them safe.（Using his coil-surrounded tank,Lohmann could mimic the magnetic field at different parts of the Earth’s surface.）If he simulated the field at the northern edge of the gyre,the hatchlings swam southwards.If he simulated the field at the gyre’s southern edge,the turtles swam west-northwest. These experiments showed that the turtles can use their magnetic sense to work out their latitude—their position on a north-south axis.Now,Putman has shown that they can also determine their longitude—their position on an east-west axis.He tweaked his magnetic tanks to simulate the fields in two positions with the same latitude at opposite ends of the Atlantic.If the field simulated the west Atlantic near Puerto Rico,the turtles swam northeast.If the field matched that on the east Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands,the turtles swam southwest.In the wild,both headings would keep them within the safe,warm embrace of the North Atlantic gyre.Before now,we knew that several animal migrants,from loggerheads to reed warblers to sparrows, had some way of working out longitude,but no one knew how.By keeping the turtles in the same conditions,with only the magnetic fields around them changing,Putman clearly showed that they can use these fields to find their way.（In the wild,they might well also use other landmarks like the position of the sea,sun and stars.）Putman thinks that the turtles work out their position using two features of the Earth’s magnetic field that change over its surface.They can sense the field’s inclination,or the angle at which it dips towards the surface.At the poles,this angle is roughly90degrees and at the equator,it’sroughly zero degrees.They can also sense its intensity,which is strongest near the poles and weakest near the Equator.Different parts of the world have unique combinations of these two variables.（Neither corresponds directly to either latitude or longitude,but together,they provide a “magnetic signature”that tells the turtle where it is.）Orientation of Hatchling Loggerheads Tested in Magnetic FieldsAdapted from Nathan Putman,Courtney Endres,Catherine Lohmann,and Kenneth Lohmann,“Longitude Perception and Bicoordinate Magnetic Maps in Sea Turtles.”©2011by Elsevier Inc. Orientation of hatchling loggerheads tested in a magnetic field that simulates a position at the west side of the Atlantic near Puerto Rico(left)and a position at the east side of the Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands(right).The arrow in each circle indicates the mean direction that the group ofhatchlings swam.Data are plotted relative to geographic north9.The passage most strongly suggests that Adelita used which of the following to navigate her 9,000-mile journey?(A)The current of the North Atlantic gyre(B)Cues from electromagnetic coils designed by Putman and Lohmann(C)The inclination and intensity of Earth’s magnetic field(D)A simulated“magnetic signature”configured by Lohmann10.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?(A)Lines1–2(“In1996...way”)(B)Lines23–24(“Using...surface”)(C)Lines41–42(“In the wild...stars”)(D)Lines49–51(“Neither...it is”)11.As used in line3,“tracked”most nearly means(A)searched for.(B)traveled over.(C)followed.(D)hunted.12.Based on the passage,which choice best describes the relationship between Putman’s andLohmann’s research?(A)Putman’s research contradicts Lohmann’s.(B)Putman’s research builds on Lohmann’s.(C)Lohmann’s research confirms Putman’s.(D)Lohmann’s research corrects Putman’s.13.The author refers to reed warblers and sparrows(line37)primarily to(A)contrast the loggerhead turtle’s migration patterns with those of other species.(B)provide examples of species that share one of the loggerhead turtle’s abilities.(C)suggest that most animal species possess some ability to navigate long distances.(D)illustrate some ways in which the ability to navigate long distances can help a species.14.It can reasonably be inferred from the passage and graphic that if scientists adjusted the coils to reverse the magnetic field simulating that in the East Atlantic(Cape Verde Islands),the hatchlings would most likely swim in which direction?(A)Northwest(B)Northeast(C)Southeast(D)Southwest第四篇文章主题：弹劾尼克松总统（政治类）Questions15–19are based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from a speech delivered by Congresswoman Barbara Jordan of Texas on July25,1974,as a member of the Judiciary Committee of the United States House of Representatives.In the passage,Jordan discusses how and when a United States president may be impeached,or charged with serious offenses,while in office.Jordan’s speech was delivered in the context of impeachment hearings against then president Richard M.Nixon.Today,I am an inquisitor.An hyperbole would not be fictional and would not overstate the solemnness that I feel right now.My faith in the Constitution is whole;it is complete;it is total.And I am not going to sit here and be an idle spectator to the diminution,the subversion, the destruction,of the Constitution.“Who can so properly be the inquisitors for the nation as the representatives of the nation themselves?”“The subjects of its jurisdiction are those offenses which proceed from the misconduct of public men.”*And that’s what we’re talking about.In other words,[the jurisdiction comes]from the abuse or violation of some public trust.(It is wrong,I suggest,it is a misreading of the Constitution for any member here to assert that for a member to vote for an article of impeachment means that that member must be convinced that the President should be removed from office.)The Constitution doesn’t say that. The powers relating to impeachment are an essential check in the hands of the body of the legislature against and upon the encroachments of the executive.(The division between the two branches of the legislature,the House and the Senate,assigning to the one the right to accuse and to the other the right to judge—the framers of this Constitution were very astute.)They did not make the accusers and the judges...the same person.We know the nature of impeachment.We’ve been talking about it a while now.It is chiefly designed for the President and his high ministers to somehow be called into account.It is designed to“bridle”the executive if he engages in excesses.“It is designed as a method of national inquest into the conduct of public men.”*The framers confided in the Congress the power,if need be,to remove the President in order to strike a delicate balance between a President swollen with power and grown tyrannical,and preservation of the independence of the executive.The nature of impeachment:a narrowly channeled exception to the separation of powers maxim. The Federal Convention of1787said that.It limited impeachment to high crimes and misdemeanors,and discounted and opposed the term“maladministration.”“It is to be used only for great misdemeanors,”so it was said in the North Carolina ratification convention.And in the Virginia ratification convention:“We do not trust our liberty to a particular branch.We need one branch to check the other.”...The North Carolina ratification convention:“No one need be afraid that officers who commit oppression will pass with immunity.”“Prosecutions of impeachments will seldom fail to agitate the passions of the whole community,”said Hamilton in the Federalist Papers,number65.“We divide into parties more or less friendly or inimical to the accused.”*I do not mean political parties in that sense.(The drawing of political lines goes to the motivation behind impeachment;but impeachment must proceed within the confines of the constitutional term“high crime[s]and misdemeanors.”)Of the impeachment process,it was Woodrow Wilson who said that“Nothing short of the grossest offenses against the plain law of the land will suffice to give them speed and effectiveness.Indignation so great as to overgrow party interest may secure a conviction;but nothing else can.”Common sense would be revolted if we engaged upon this process for petty reasons.(Congress has a lot to do:appropriations,tax reform,health insurance,campaign finance reform,housing,environmental protection,energy sufficiency,mass transportation.)Pettiness cannot be allowed to stand in the face of such overwhelming problems.So today we’re not being petty.We’re trying to be big,because the task we have before us is a big one.*Jordan quotes from Federalist No.65,an essay by Alexander Hamilton,published in1788,on the powers of the United States Senate,including the power to decide cases of impeachment against a president of the United States.15.The stance Jordan takes in the passage is best described as that of(A)an idealist setting forth principles.(B)an advocate seeking a compromise position.(C)an observer striving for neutrality.(D)a scholar researching a historical controversy.16.The main rhetorical effect of the series of three phrases beginning in line4(“the diminution, the subversion,the destruction”)is to(A)convey with increasing intensity the seriousness of the threat Jordan sees to the Constitution.(B)clarify that Jordan believes the Constitution was first weakened,then sabotaged,then broken.(C)indicate that Jordan thinks the Constitution is prone to failure in three distinct ways.(D)propose a three-part agenda for rescuing the Constitution from the current crisis.17.As used in line29,“channeled”most nearly means(A)Worn.(B)sent.(C)constrained.(D)siphoned.18.In lines37–41(“Prosecutions...sense”),what is the most likely reason Jordan draws a distinction between two types of“parties”?(A)To counter the suggestion that impeachment is or should be about partisan politics(B)To disagree with Hamilton’s claim that impeachment proceedings excite passions(C)To contend that Hamilton was too timid in his support for the concept of impeachment(D)To argue that impeachment cases are decided more on the basis of politics than on justice19.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?(A)Lines11–14(“It...office”)(B)Lines16–19(“The division...astute”)(C)Lines42–44(“The drawing...misdemeanors”)(D)Lines50–52(“Congress...transportation”)第五篇文章：动物的智商（对比阅读——自然科学）Questions20–24are based on the following passages.Passage1is adapted from Susan Milius,“A Different Kind of Smart.”©2013by Science News. Passage2is adapted from Bernd Heinrich,Mind of the Raven:Investigations and Adventures with Wolf-Birds.©2007by Bernd Heinrich.Passage1In1894,British psychologist C.Lloyd Morgan published what’s called Morgan’s canon,the principle that suggestions of humanlike mental processes behind an animal’s behavior should be rejected if a simpler explanation will do.Still,people seem to maintain certain expectations,especially when it comes to birds and mammals.“We somehow want to prove they are as‘smart’as people,”zoologist Sara Shettleworth says.We want a bird that masters a vexing problem to be employing human-style insight.New Caledonian crows face the high end of these expectations,as possibly the second-best toolmakers on the planet.Their tools are hooked sticks or strips made from spike-edged leaves,and they use them in the wild to winkle grubs out of crevices.Researcher Russell Gray first saw the process on a cold morning in a mountain forest in New Caledonia,an island chain east of Australia.Over the course of days,he and crow researcher Gavin Hunt had gotten wild crows used to finding meat tidbits in holes in a log.Once the birds were checking the log reliably,the researchers placed a spiky tropical pandanus plant beside the log andhid behind a blind.A crow arrived.It hopped onto the pandanus plant,grabbed the spiked edge of one of the long straplike leaves and began a series of ripping motions.Instead of just tearing away one long strip, the bird ripped and nipped in a sequence to create a slanting stair-step edge on a leaf segment with a narrow point and a wide base.The process took only seconds.Then the bird dipped the narrow end of its leaf strip into a hole in the log,fished up the meat with the leaf-edge spikes,swallowed its prize and flew off.That was my‘oh wow’moment,”Gray says.After the crow had vanished,he picked up the tool the bird had left behind.“I had a go,and I couldn’t do it,”he recalls.Fishing the meat out was tricky.It turned out that Gray was moving the leaf shard too forcefully instead of gently stroking the spines against the treat.The crow’s deft physical manipulation was what inspired Gray and Auckland colleague Alex Taylor to test other wild crows to see if they employed the seemingly insightful string-pulling solutions that some ravens,kea parrots and other brainiac birds are known to employ.Three of four crows passed that test on the first try.Passage2For one month after they left the nest,I led my four young ravens at least once and sometimes several times a day on thirty-minute walks.During these walks,I wrote down everything in their environment they pecked at.In the first sessions,I tried to be teacher.I touched specific objects—sticks,moss,rocks—and nothing that I touched remained untouched by them.They came to investigate what I had investigated,leading me to assume that young birds are aided in learning to identify food from the parents’example.They also,however,contacted almost everything else that lay directly in their own paths.They soon became more independent by taking their own routes near mine.Even while walking along on their own,they pulled at leaves,grass stems,flowers,bark,pine needles,seeds,cones,clods of earth,and other objects they encountered.I wrote all this down,converting it to numbers.After they were thoroughly familiar with the background objects in these woods and started to ignore them,I seeded the path we would later walk together with objects they had never before encountered.Some of these were conspicuous food items:raspberries,dead meal worm beetles,and cooked corn kernels.Others were conspicuous and inedible:pebbles,glass chips,red winterberries.Still others were such highly cryptic foods as encased caddisfly larvae and moth cocoons.The results were dramatic.The four young birds on our daily walks contacted all new objects preferentially. They picked them out at a rate of up to tens of thousands of times greater than background or previously contacted objects.The main initial criterion for pecking or picking anything up was its novelty.In subsequent trials,when the previously novel items were edible,they became preferred and the inedible objects became“background”items,just like the leaves,grass,and pebbles,even if they were highly conspicuous.These experiments showed that ravens’curiosity ensures exposure to all or almost all items in the environment.20.Within Passage1,the main purpose of the first two paragraphs(lines1–8)is to(A)offer historical background in order to question the uniqueness of two researchers’findings.(B)offer interpretive context in order to frame the discussion of an experiment and its results.(C)introduce a scientific principle in order to show how an experiment’s outcomes validated that principle.(D)present seemingly contradictory stances in order to show how they can be reconciled empirically.21.According to the experiment described in Passage2,whether the author’s ravens continued to show interest in a formerly new object was dictated primarily by whether that object was(A)edible.(B)plentiful.(C)conspicuous.(D)natural.22.The crows in Passage1and the ravens in Passage2shared which trait?(A)They modified their behavior in response to changes in their environment.(B)They formed a strong bond with the humans who were observing them.(C)They manufactured useful tools for finding and accessing food.(D)They mimicked the actions they saw performed around them.。

2015年1月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读：阅读第二篇

2015年1月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读：阅读第二篇北京新东方美本本地项目刘琼歌新SAT考试中，五篇文章中有一篇是双篇对比(paired passages)，重点考察学生分析多篇文本的能力（Analyzing multiple texts）。

这篇文章题材属于Science这一类，考察重点是“动物是否拥有类似人类的思维能力”这一老生常谈的话题，北京新东方美本本地项目刘琼歌老师发现在旧SAT中也有类似的文章（2008年1月短双“是否应该以人类动机解读黑猩猩的行为”）。

在题目设计上，五个题目依次考察了文章结构（text structure）,隐含语义（implicit meanings：draw reasonable inferences and logical conclusions from text）, 双篇对比求同（Analyzing multiple texts: synthesize information and ideas from paired texts），双篇对比求异（Analyzing multiple texts: synthesize information and ideas from paired texts）和双篇逻辑关系（Analyzing multiple texts: analyzing claims and counterclaims）这五个考点。

刘琼歌老师经过对比分析发现，这五个题目在考点设计上与旧SAT类似，只是选项由旧SAT的五个减为四个，且答错不再倒扣分数。

整体上说，新SAT的文章复杂度和题目难度并没有显著增强。

【文章大意】这两篇文章通过观察和实验研究鸟类是否拥有与人类类似的认知能力。

Passage 1第一段心理学家Morgan提出一条原则“如果有更加简单的解释，就不应该认为动物行为体现了类似人类的思维过程。

”第二段则指出，人类似乎很“想”证明动物跟人一样“聪明”。

2015年1月24日GRE真题答案

2015年1月24日GRE真题答案2015年1月24日GRE真题答案下载:/20150126/344966.html?seo=wenku12682015年1月24日的GRE考试已经落下了帷幕，小马过河的老师第一时间内给大家整理出了2015年1月24日GRE真题答案，供大家免费下载，大家可以复制链接进入免费下载使用。

1、Ethologists are convinced that many animals survive through learning-but learning that is _______ their genetic programming, learning as thoroughly _________ as the most instinctive of behavioral responses.(A) superseded by...primitive(B) compatible with...transient(C) complementary to...familiar(D) derived from...inventive(E) dictated by...stereotyped分析：空格 1 填入一个动词+介词的结构，表示"学习(learning)"和"基因程序(genetic programming)"之间的关系;空格 2 填入一个形容词，也表示"学习"和"行为反应最本能性的东西(the most instinctive ofbehavioral responses)"之间的关系。

genetic programming 和 instinctive of behavioral responses 是等价概念，都是动物最本质的东西。

所以两个空格填入后要体现表示基因是"本能性的"的含义。

2015年1月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读阅读第一篇

2015年1月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读：第一篇北京新东方美本本地项目刘琼歌新SAT阅读包括三种题材5篇文章，其中Literature有1篇，Science有2篇，Social & historical study有2篇。

这篇文章属于Literature这一类，考察重点是人物描写和人物关系，老SAT也有类似的文章（2009年5月Sunday卷真题“an escaped governess”）。

在题目设计上，这篇文章的五个题目依次考察了文章结构（text structure）, 措辞与态度（use of specific words and phrases to shape meaning and tone）, 人物观点（point of view or perspective），文本依据（citing textual evidence）和隐含语义（implicit meanings）这五个考点。

对照老SAT相关题型和考点发现，北京新东方美本本地项目刘琼歌老师发现，这五个题目中只有第四题是新题型，考查的是文本依据（citing textual evidence），这种题目要求在文中找出支持上一题答案的依据，目的是引导学生有理有据地解读原文，非常符合新SAT阅读改革的大方向：Evidence-based reading.其余四个题目在考点设计上与旧SAT类似，只是选项由旧SAT的五个减为四个，且答错不再倒扣分数。

【文章大意】Mattie Silver是Ethan家的年轻女佣，这篇文章讲述了男主人Ethan对这位女佣的感情。

在第一段里，Ethan初见Mattie时就喜欢上了她，觉得她给自己原本冷清的生活带来了活力（But it was not only that the coming to his house of a bit of hopeful young life was like the lighting of a fire on a cold hearth. The girl was more than the bright serviceable creature he had thought her.）。

2015年1月24日SAT真题答案

2015年1月24日SAT真题答案2015年1月24日SAT真题答案下载：/SAT/SAT2/20150126/344746.html?seo=wenku1261 2015年1月24日SAT真题答案小马过河已经率先发布了，供考生们免费下载使用，考生赶快点击下载使用吧。

p(t)=120+25sin(2pi*t) [pi stands for 圆周率] the function p shows the blood pressure of a patient in rest for tseconds. If one heartbeat occurs in one period of the function p, how manyheartbeats would occur in a minute?题目的难点不仅在于涉及的三角函数周期问题，还在于英文句子的理解。

函数p表示的是一个静养的病人在t秒钟的时候的血压。

(可以感觉到他的血压是周期性地上下波动的，所以才有一个正弦在表达式里)。

如果函数p的一个周期内(病人)心脏跳动一次，那么一分钟(病人)心脏跳动几次?要知道病人心脏一分钟跳动几次，我们得知道函数p的一个周期是多长。

y=sinx函数的周期为2pi，而y=sin ax的周期为2pi/a，所以题目的函数的周期应该是1(秒),所以一分钟跳动60下。

有人在两个fairdice(就是六面都一样大的正方体骰子)上分别画上(1,1,2,2,2,2)和(1,2,2,2,2,2)的点数。

If someone throws the two dices, what is thepossibility of getting a 1 and a 2, with either order? [正好获得1个1点和一个2点的概率是多大]答案应该选14/367.thearea enclosed by x+y=5,y=2x-4 and y axis is ?(A)20(B)15(C)14.5(D)12.5(E)13.5答案：E8.iff(x+1)=xf(x), and f(1)=1，thenf(5)=?(A)5(B)10(C)15(D)24(E)28答案：D2015年1月24日SAT真题答案下载：/SAT/SAT2/20150126/344746.html?seo=wenku1261。

2015年1月托福真题回忆及解析

2015年1月托福真题回忆及解析【导语】人生就像一杯没有加糖的咖啡，喝起来是苦涩的，回味起来却有久久不会退去的余香。

没有人陪你走一辈子，所以你要适应孤独，没有人会帮你一辈子，所以你要奋斗一生。

与其用泪水悔恨昨天，不如用汗水拼搏今天。

当眼泪流尽的时候，留下的应该是坚强。

不求与人相比，但求超越自己!以下是无忧考网为大家搜集整理的2015年1月托福部分真题，希望可以帮到你！2015年1月托福共举行了四场考试分别是1月10日、1月11日、1月25日、1月31日。

1月10日托福独立口语真题回忆：Task 1: Talk about a kind of music you enjoy the least,explain why you don, t like it. SampleThe kind of music I don^ t listen to that much is Classical music. Ithink they are super boring. They^ re usually very slow and long. Some pieces last for more than half an hour. I don, t even know what they’re about! And when they do get faster and louder, they sound evenangrier than Death Metal. Second, there’ s no lyrics. When I listen toa song, not only I enjoy the melody, but I also want to listen to thewords. Song writers 1 ike Bob Dylan wrote beautiful lyrics, that you can say they ’ re like poems on their own.Task 2: Do you think universities in the future will on day stopgiving lessons in classrooms, they might give online courses instead.SampleI think universities will continue giving lessons in class rather thanonline in the future. Online courses have their limitations. I had one Biography professor who once brought a life frog in class. He even let the frog jump around the classroom, and showed us how long its legs were, and how they were used for jumping. We had such a good time learningbecause the class was exciting and engaging. How do you do such things online? I tried taking online courses before. They? re ok, but I found it extremely difficult to keep myself focused for too long.写作范文赏析【独立写作】Do you agree or disagree with the statement: University students should be required to take basic science classes even if they are not part of thefield of the study.University courses lay a very solid academic foundation for the future development of college students. Facing the great selections of these courses, some people say that, basic science should be made compulsory forcollege students, for the reason that they could be more familiar with the advancement and evolution of human society. I disagree. I believe, despite minor merits, asking student of all majors to attend basic science classes would cause problems.To begin with, science courses would put more academic pressure on students. College students have already had to study many theory and professional subjects related to their majors and their schedule is very tight. For example, a medical student is not only obliged to finish his professional papers for credit, but he also needs to find the opportunity to get clinical experience. His load is so heavy that he could not afford to take any irrelevant courses, such as basic science. In this case, schools should not add this course, because students would worry whether they could finish their homework on time and how they would pass final examinations.Furthermore, a required science course would lead to unnecessary cost for parents and students. To guarantee the quality of lecturing, colleges have to hire talented and senior science professors and experts, such as those from the best-known universities or scientific research institutes. This would increase the cost of schooling. Normally, a lecture given by a famous science professor costs over 1,000 dollars. These costs would be reflected in the tuition fee, and would deprive many underprivileged students of an opportunity for education.Admittedly, taking basic science courses does have its merits. As a subject aiming to explain how the universe exits, basic science broaden student' s range of knowledge and enhance their analytical skills. Students could gain a deep understanding about the world they live in. Lots of methods to solve problems will be gained through basic science. However, this knowledge could be acquired by other method other than required courses. TV documentaries and books are all available options for student to learn basic science.In conclusion, although there are some small benefits to requiring basic science courses, making every college student attend such classes would overburden the students both academically and financially.2015年1月10日托福真题回忆：第一篇：Desease 的三个历史阶段，第一个 infectious 阶段，在这之前很少传染病，因为人民居住分散接触不够（有题），但农业的发展大大增加了 epidemics,包括土壤里的生物、储存的食物等因素（有否定题，应该是选 rotted 那个)，第二阶段是慢性病，医疗发展基本杜绝传染病，但现代人的生活让慢性病比如心脏病肺结核等更普遍（有题)，第三阶段是现在，抗药性的细菌（有题）和慢性病一起来解析:本文属于生物类与历史类文章的跨学科题材，涉及到少有的医学相关内容。

2015SAT阅读练习及答案解析

SAT阅读真题及答案（一）The number of women directors appointed to corporate boards in the United States has increased dramatically, but the ratio of female to male directors remains low. Although pressure to recruit women directors,(5) unlike that to employ women in the general work force, does not derive from legislation, it is nevertheless real. Although small companies were the first to have women directors, large corporations currently have a higher percentage of women on their boards. When the (10)chairs of these large corporations began recruiting women to serve on boards, they initially sought women who were chief executive officers (CEO’s) of large corporations. However, such women CEO’s ar e still rare. In addition, the ideal of six CEO’s (female or male ) serving (15) on the board of each of the largest corporations is realizable only if every CEO serves on six boards. This raises the specter of director over commitment and the resultant dilution of contribution. Consequently, the chairs next sought women in business who had the equivalent of (20) CEO experience. However, since it is only recently that large numbers of women have begun to rise in management, the chairs began to recruit women of high achievement outside the business world. Many such women are well known for their contributions in government, (25) education, and the nonprofit sector. The fact that the women from these sectors who were appointed were often acquaintances of the b oards’ chairs seems quite reasonable: chairs have always considered it important for directors to interact comfortably in the boardroom.30) Although many successful women from outside the business world are unknown to corporate leaders, these women are particularly qualified to serve on boards because of the changing nature of corporations. Today a company’s ability to be responsive to the concerns of the 35) community and the environment can influence that company’s growth and survival. Women are unique ly positioned to be responsive to some of these concerns. Although conditions have changed, it should be remembered that most directors of both sexes are over fifty (40) years old. Women of that generation were often encouraged to direct their attention toward efforts to improve the community. This fact is reflected in the career development of most of the outstandingly successful women of the generation now in their fifties, who currently serve (45) on corporate boards: 25 percent are in education and 22 percent are in government, law, and the nonprofit sector. One organization of women directors is helping business become more responsive to the changing needs of (50) society by raising the level of corporate awareness about social issues, such as problems with the economy, government regulation, the aging population, and the environment. This organization also serves as a resource center of information on accomplished women who are (55) potential candidates for corporate boards.1. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about achievement of the “ideal” mentioned in line 14?(A) It has only recently become a possibility.(B) It would be easier to meet if more CEO’s were women(C) It is very close to being a reality for most corporate boards.(D) It might affect the quality of directors’ service to corporations.(E) It would be more realizable if CEO’s had a more extensive range of business experience.2. According to the passage, the pressure to appoint women to corporate boards differs from the pressure to employ women in the work force in which of the following ways?(A) Corporate boards are under less pressure because they have such a small number of openings.(B) Corporate boards have received less pressure from stockholders, consumers, and workers within companies to include women on their boards.(C) Corporate boards have received less pressure from the media and the public to include women on their boards.(D) Corporations have only recently been pressured to include women on their boards.(E) Corporations are not subject to statutory penalty for failing to include women on their boards.3. All of the following are examples of issues that the organization described in the last paragraph would be likely to advise corporations on EXCEPT(A) long-term inflation(B) health and safety regulations(C) retirement and pension programs(D) the energy shortage(E) how to develop new markets4. It can be inferred from the passage that, when seeking to appoint new members to a corporation’s board, the chair traditionally looked for candidates who(A) had legal and governmental experience(B) had experience dealing with community affairs(C) could work easily with other members of the board(D) were already involved in establishing policy for that corporation(E) had influential connections outside the business world5. According to the passage, which of the following is true about women outside the business world who are currently serving on corporate boards?(A) Most do not serve on more than one board.(B) A large percentage will eventually work on the staff of corporations.(C) Most were already known to the chairs of the board to which they were appointed.(D) A larger percentage are from government and law than are from the nonprofit sector.(E) Most are less than fifty years old.6. The passage suggests that corporations of the past differ from modern corporations in which of the following ways?(A) Corporations had greater input on government policies affecting the business community.(B) Corporations were less responsive to the financial needs of their employees.(C) The ability of a corporation to keep up with changing markets was not a crucial factor in its success.(D) A corporation’s effectiveness in coping with community needs was less likely to affect its growth and prosperity.(E) Corporations were subject to more stringent government regulations.7. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?(A) A problem is described, and then reasons why various proposed solutions succeeded or failed are discussed.(B) A problem is described, and then an advantage of resolving it is offered.(C) A problem is described, and then reasons for its continuing existence are summarized.(D) The historical origins of a problem are described, and then various measures that have successfully resolved it are discussed.(E) The causes of a problem are described, and then its effects are discussed.8. It can be inferred from the passage that factors making women uniquely valuable members of modern corporate boards would include which of the following?Ⅰ. The nature of modern corporationsⅡ. The increased number of women CEO’sⅢ. The careers pursued by women currently available to serve on corporate boards(A) Ⅰonly(B) Ⅱonly(C) Ⅲonly(D) Ⅰand Ⅲonly(E) Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and ⅢCorrect Answers：DEECCDBD。

2015年1月24日GRE真题解析

2015年1月24日GRE真题解析2015年1月24日GRE真题解析下载：/20150126/344966.html?seo=wenku12692015年1月24日GRE真题解析，小马过河已经抢先发布，供考生们免费下载，考生可以复制链接进入下载，快去下载查看使用吧。

1、 By idiosyncratically refusing to dismiss an insubordinate member of his staff, the manager not only _________established policy, but he also _________ his heretofore good chances for promotion.(A) instituted...bettered(B) recognized...protected(C) contravened...jeopardized(D) puted(E) delimited...restricted分析：not only…but also…表示递进关系，句子构成了递进模式;又根据 By""的描述，两个空格应该对"公司现有政策(established policy)"和"他迄今为止很好的升职机会(his heretofore good chances for promotion)"做负动作。

A 创立，制定""改善，使更好;B 意识到""保护;C 违反""使危险，危害;D 重复，重申""计算，估计;E 划清界限""限制。

C 选项正确。

翻译：由于很个性地拒绝开除员工中的违纪成员，这个经理不仅违反了公司现有的政策，还妨害了他迄今为止很好的升职机会。

2、 Thomas Paine, whose political writing was often flamboyant, was in private lifea surprisingly _________ man: he lived in rented rooms, ate little, and wore drab clothes.(A) simple(B) controversial2015年1月24日GRE真题解析下载：/20150126/344966.html?seo=wenku1269。

2015年1月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读：写作评分标准

2015年1月SAT官方新样题第一时间解读：写作评分标准
北京新东方美本本地项目王祎本次SAT新样题中，essay部分给出了详细的评分规则。

在此，北京新东方王祎老师带领大家进行第一时间解读。

∙同现有SAT写作评分体系相同的是，仍旧采取两位评分人的评分机制。

但不同点也是非常明显的：目前SAT写作评分是每位评分人给出整体评分，区间为1-6分，所以两位评分人总分区间2-12分；而在新SAT写作评分体系中，每位评分人对于阅读、分析和写作三项分别给出测评，每项评分区间在1-4分之间，所以两位评分人针对每个项目给出总体2-8分的总分评分区间。

∙Essay评分说明表
北京新东方解读：
北京新东方王祎老师解读，新的写作考试会更关注于学生阅读、分析与写作的整体能力，从评分标准上从现有的单一评分转换为三项能力的各自单独评分。

由此看来，新SAT写作对学生能力的考察更加细化且全面。

近日，北京新东方将推出后续文章，继续解读此次新SAT官方新样题，结合例文向大家展示评分标准细则中的重点内容。

敬请期待！。