英语十大词性讲解
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一、名词(n.)1.分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数,专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。
如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States)
2.②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,zoos,radios⑤zero变复数时zeros/zer oes
3.wife——wives thief--thieves(roof的复数为roofs;scarf的复数为scar fs/scarves)
(二)代词1.请翻译:我,你和她都是好朋友。
.You, she and I are good f riends.
2.请翻译:我们,你们和他们都喜欢音乐。
We, you and they all like music.
注意:当I与其他词语一起并列作主语时,I要放在后面,但承认错误时,I要放在前面
如:She and I are in the same school.她和我在同一个学校。
I and he make mistakes.我和他犯了错误。
(三)反身代词
say to oneself自言自语.
learn...by oneself自学…
leave one by oneself把某人单独留下
hurt oneself伤了自己
dress oneself自己穿衣服
come to oneself苏醒过来
(四)相互代词
①表示相互关系,可用作动词或介词的宾语,用法区别不大。
eg.For years,the two sisters looked after one another(each o ther).多年来姐妹俩互相照顾。
We should learn from each other.我们应当互相学习。
②可以用格表示所有关系:each other’s,one another’s互相的,彼此的
eg.They are looking at each other’s pictures.他们相互看对方的照片。
(五)不定代词的用法(考点,难点)
1.few(+复数名词),little(+不可数名词)表示“没多/很少”(表否定)。
a few(+复数名词),a little(+不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。
2.any一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句
eg.There isn't any water left.没有剩下一点水。
If you have any questions,put up your hands。
please.如果有
问题,请举手
3.one ,other, others, the others ,another等的用法
1.one……the other表示两个人或两件东西中的“一个…另一个”
2.one ………another表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另—个”。
3.one ……the others强调在一定范围中的“一个”与“其余的”。
4.some…… the others表示许多人或物,不在一定范围中的“一部分”与“其余的全部”。
5.others=other+名词;the others=the Other+名词。
eg.Some students like traveling,others(other students) like watch ing TV at home
6.another表示“再/又”时既可接单数名词,也可接数词+复数名词。
4.当somebody,someone等用于疑问句时,表示肯定、请求、建议或反问;anybody,anyone等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。
eg.Is someone coming this afternoon?今天下午有客人来吗?
Anyone can make mistakes.任何人都可能犯错误。
5.疑问代词的用法。
(1)who/whom 谁(指人).
①作主语eg. Who wants to go with him?
②作宾语eg.Who/Whom are you waiting for?(作介词for的宾语)
eg.Who/Whom do you want to meet?(作动词meet的宾语)
③作表语eg.Who/Whom are they?
(2)whose谁的
①作定语eg.Whose pen is this?
②作表语eg.Whose is this pen?
(3)which哪一个,哪一些
①作定语eg.Which girl is Kathy?
②作表语eg.Which is the boy’s ball?
(4)what什么
①作主主语eg.What’s on the table?
②作宾语eg. What are you doing?
③作表语eg.What is he?
④作定语eg.What class are you in?
4.关系代词的用法
关系代词用来引起定语从句,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词,另——方面又在从句中充当一个成分。
eg·This is the man who gave me the book.这就是给我书的那个人。
The money that/which is on the table is mine.桌上的钱是我的。
The money that/which my mother gave me is on the table.
我妈妈给我的钱在桌上。
四.1.形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。
eg.She has something important to tell us./
There’s nothing wrong in the sentence.
2.如,He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
如,The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少。
③表示甲在某方面不如乙:
“A+系动词+not as/so+形容i司原级+as十B”
eg.These books aren’t as interesting as those.
“A+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+aS/SO+B”
eg.She didn’t sing sO well that night as she usually does.
⑧在比较级中,为了避免重复,可用that或those代替前面提到过的事情。
eg.The weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometown.
这儿比我的老家热得多。
The pants in this shop are a lot better than those in that shop.
这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质量好得多。
五、冠词(art.)
⑤固定搭配。
a lot Of,a lot,a little,a few,a glass Of,such a/an,have a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,a quarter,half an hour,three times a day,have a talk,give a talk,ten Yuan a kilo
2.定冠词的用法
定冠词用法有规律,防止遗志很容易。
特指双方都熟悉, 上文已经被提及。
世上无二仅独一, 序数词和最高级。
山河海岛建筑物, 姓氏复数奏乐器。
少数形表人一类, 方位名词须牢记。
普构专有惯用词, 试用此诀有效率。
用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。
the United Nations,the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Palace M
useum,in the
end,in the day,in the middle Of,all the time,in the east,by the w ay,On the
way tO,the(more)...the(more)…“越…越…”
3.不用冠词的情况
下列情况不用冠,名词之前代词限;专有名词不可数,球类学科与三餐;
复数名词表泛指,节日月份星期前;颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
(1)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。
eg.That girl is my friend.
(2)名词前有物主代词my,your,his her,their等时不用冠词。
eg.Lucy is her sister.
(3)名词前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。
eg.Which man is Mr Green?
Each student has a beautiful picture.
(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。
eg.Those young men are teachers,not students.
(9)在人名、地名前不用。
Eg. Tina,China,Tian an men Square,Beijing University,New Year’s Day,
Tuesday,January
(11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。
eg.at noon,at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,
from morning till night,at night,go to school,go to bed,at last
4.在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。
in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在监狱里)
take place(发生);take the place(代替)
六、数词
of hundreds of(数百,成百上千的),
thousands of(数干,成千上万的),millions of(数百万)
eg,They arrived in two sand threes.他们三三两两地来了。
(2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上"又—",“再一”
eg: He tried a second time.他又试了—次.
Shall l ask him a third time?还要我再问他—次吗?我已问了他两次)
6.一般编码用名词+ 基数词
207房Room 207
三年级一班Class One Grade Three
第五部分Part Five = the fifth part
第一课Lesson One = the first lesson
3 号汽车Bus No.3 = the No.3 bus
七、介词
(一)表示时间的介词
(1)at
①接具体时间:eg.at six,at half past two,at ten to twelve
②表示“在…时刻”;eg: at noon,at midnight
(2)in
①表示“在(某段时间段)之间”;
eg.in January,in a month,in spring,in 2005
②在将来时中,表示“在某段时间之后”
eg.In ten years,I think I'll be a reporter.
(3)on
表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等。
eg. On Monday,On Tuesday afternoon,On May4th,On th
e morning o
f July 6th
(三)固定搭配的介词
(1)动词+介词:look after,look at,look for,laugh at,listen to,hear from
turn On,turn off, wait for,worry about,think of,spend...On
(2)介词十名词:by train,on foot,at the end of ,at last,in the end,in trouble,at table,at breakfast,in hospital,in time,On time, On one’s way to,with pleasure
(3)be+形容词+介词:be afraid of ,be good at,be good/bad fo r,be late for,be interested in,be angry, with,be full of,be sorry f or
八、连词(conj.用来连接词与词或句与句
(1)并列连词(用来连接平行的词、词组或分句)
①表并列关系:not only...but also,neither...nor,and
②表选择关系:or,either...or
③表转折关系:but,while
④表因果关系:for,so
(2)从属连词(用来引导从句)
①引导时间状语从句:after,before,when,while,as,until,till,si nce,as soon as
②引导原因状语从句:because,as,since
③引导目的状语从句:so that,in order that
④引导结果状语从句:so that,so…that,such...that
⑤引导比较状语从句:than,as…as
⑥引导宾语从句:that,if, whether
九、动词(verb.)动词表示主语的动作或状态
(一)动词的种类。
(1)及物动词vt,其后接宾语。
eg.She wears a uniform.
(2)不及物动词vi,不接宾语。
eg :She can dance.
(3)连系动词like-v.接表语。
eg.They are nurses.
That sounds interesting.
His mother looks young.
If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.
(4)助动词aux--V.接动词原形或分词(它无实在意思,只起语法作用)。
eg, DO you like pandas? He has gone to Australia.
She is looking at the cat.
(5)情态动词mod-v.接动词原形(它不能单独作谓语,有自己的意思,无人称和数的变化)。
Eg. He must go now.
You should clean the classroom after class.
(6)有些动词既可作及物动词,也可作助动词或不及物动词,be也可作助动词。
eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)
Do as you like.(Vi.)
She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)
She is swimming now.(aux-v.)
二)情态动词的用法
(一)can,could,may的用法
l .can/could
(1)表示具有某种能力,意为“能,能够,会”(could表过去)。
eg.I can sing English songs.
Lisa can’t speak Japanese.
She could swim when she was four years old.
(2)表示许:可、允许,意为“可以”。
eg.Can we watch TV now?
You can’t play computer games in the morning.
(3)表示请求某人做某事,意为“能,能够”(用could使晤气更委婉)。
eg.Can/Could you help me,please?
(4)表示推测“可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。
(表肯定推测可用m ust,might,could等)
cg。
it can’t be true.这不可能是真的。
Where can he have gone?他可能会去哪儿呢?
2.may/might
(1)表示许可、允许,意为“可以”,比can更正式。
eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?
May l ask you a question?我可以问你—个问题吗?
(2)表示推测“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑问句。
eg.He may be at home now.他可能现在在家。
She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那儿。
(二)can与be able to的区别
1.两者都可以用来表示能力。
eg.I can/am able to mend the bike.
2.can只有现在时(Can)和过去时(could),而be able to可用于多种时态。
eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.
He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.
3.can可以表示推测,但be able to不能。
eg.That Can't be Gina's dictionary.
4.can与be able to;不能重复使用eg.他能做好这件事。
He can be able to do is well.(X)
He can do it well.(√)He is able to do it well.(√)
(三)must与have to的区别
1.主客观方面不同。
must表“义务”或“强制”,表示主观的必要;在肯定句中must还可表推测,语气要比may肯定多。
have to表“必须”或“不得不”,表示客观的
必要。
eg.We must clean the room.(表示我们认为房间太脏了。
)
We have to clean the room.(表示没有人替我们打扫房间等客观原因。
)
He must beat home before supper。
(他晚饭前一定在家。
)
2.人称和时态不同。
must无人称和时态的变化,一律用must十动词原形。
have to后接动词原形,有人称、数和时态的变化,一般现在时的第三人称单数要用ha s to,过去时中要用had to,将来时中要用will have to。
另外,have to还可与情态动词和助动词连用。
eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.
The train has left.We'll have to wait for the next train.
3.否定式及意义不同。
must not=mustn't“决不可/千万不可/务必不要”;don’t/doesn’t /didn’t/won’t+ have to“不必”
eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我们千万不可与他开玩笑。
We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我们不必和他开玩笑。
在对May I…? 作否定回答时用No,you mustn’t/can’t.
eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn't
5.疑问式及回答不同。
Must+主语+动词原形+…? Yes,主语+ must./NO,主语+needn ’t.
助动词+主语+have to+动词原形+…?
Yes,主语+助动词./No,主语+助动词+not.
eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t
Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.。