考研英语一真题阅读理解词汇整理大全:2005-2011年(建议收藏)
历年考研英语真题中出现的单词与词组总结
历年真题中出现的单词与词组总结2007年Text 11.birth certificate 出生证明2.soccer player 足球运动员3.the World Cup 世界杯4.be likely to do…可能做……5.national youth team 国家青年队6.professional rank 专业级别7.strange phenomenon 奇怪的现象8.account for…解释,说明;占(比例)9.psychology professor 心理学教授10.believe in…相信11.grow up 成长12.be switched to…被转变到13.a series of…一系列的14.be coupled with…与……一起15.cognitive exercise 认知练习16.in other words 换句话说17.inborn difference 天生的差异18.be known as…以……而著名19.deliberate practice 审慎的实践20.specific goal具体的目标21.immediate feedback直接的反馈22.concentrate on…集中于23.take to…开始24.expert performer 杰出人物;专家级行为人25.a wide range of 大范围的……boratory experiment 实验室的实验27.put another way 换句话说28.professional training 职业培训29.rather than…宁愿……;而不是30.psychological factor 心理因素31.a high degree of concentration 高度的集中32.a dominating factor 主导因素33.professional success 专业的成功34.biographical data 传记数据35.the key to excellent performance 出色表现的关键36.high achiever 取得高成就的人37.owe …to …把……归于38.be close to 接近39.Faith will move mountains. 精诚所至,金石为开。
考研英语一真题词汇2005
真题单词词组2005年真题Vanish消失Reputation名声Slack松懈,懈怠Outrage激起义愤Underlying潜在的,隐含的Grievance不满Be jealous of 嫉妒A fat pay rise丰厚的加薪Underlying assumption潜在的假设All too human人之常情Pose a contrast形成对照Justify an assumption证明一种假设Make a comparison作出比较Explain a phenomenon解释一种现象Resent厌恶Capuchin卷尾猴Readily乐意地,心甘情愿地Incline to 倾向于Temperament性情Counterpart副本;配对物;极相似的人或物Above all首先;尤其是Good-natured生性温和的Attentive留意的,注意的Instruction指令Candidate被认为适合者Token代币Adjoining相邻的Chamber房间Normally正常地;通常地,一般地Slices of几片Markly显著地In separate分开地Perfect candidate理想人选Luxury奢侈Reluctant不情愿Induce招致Resentment愤怒Luxury goods奢侈品In exchange for作为…的交换Toss投掷Preserve(单数)某群体独有的活动Abundantly极其,非常Righteous indignation义愤Abundantly clear十分清楚Stem from源于As yet到目前为止Group-living群居的Evolve from由…进化Buy 相信,承认接受Lobby 大厅;游说Nonsense 胡说;荒谬的Correlation 关系Be out to 是为了Stay out of the way不干涉,置身事外Go to early graves早死Insignificant无关紧要的Panel专家团Enlist谋求某人帮助Definitely毫无疑问地In one wave after another一波又一波,前赴后继Awaken sb to sth使察觉到,意识到,唤起Man-made 人为的Preface前言;为…加序言Critical至关重要的,临界的Parallel平行线;对比;Get moving to行动;出发Fume烟,气Prudent谨慎明智的Come from many quarters来自多方面Take out an insurance policy采取防范措施Incomplete不完全的Hinder阻碍Press for sth不断要求Paralysis by analysis分析导致瘫痪Extensive广泛的Steward保护者Initiative先行措施Fashion形成,塑造Incentive奖励Aggravate变得更严重Press forward on sth推进某事Take the legislative initiative行使立法动议权Fashion conservation measures制定保护措施Be environmentally sound对环境无害Offer aid to build cleaner power plants为修建更清洁的发电厂提供援助Raise public awareness of conservation提高公众的环保意识Press for further scientific research敦促进一步的科学研究Take some legislative measures采取一些立法措施Negligence疏忽;忽视;粗心大意Be applicable to适应于,应用于Suspend暂停Formulate创立(新观点、理论等)Revolutionary革命性的Disguise伪装,假扮Neurologist神经学家Thermostat恒温器Harness控制及利用(自然力等)Susceptible易受影响的Innermost内心深处的Of all …, … is the least所有…之中最不…的一个Unconscious desires and fears无意识的欲望和恐惧A leading authority有影响力的权威人士Bring … under conscious control将…置于意识控制之下ComponentsSwitch toIntenselyModifyBe susceptible toEarly in the night 晚上的早期,前半夜Progress toward 朝向…发展Work through 克服…IdentifyVisualizeRecur重现Exercise使关注;致力于(解决问题)Literally确实地GeneralTerrorism恐怖主义Therapist治疗专家At the end of the day 说到底,不管怎么说Wake up in a panic 梦中惊醒Command Degradation Controversialist LiberalPublic figure Aspire to Linguist Triumph Counter-culture。
2005年考研英语(一)完形填空重要词汇汇总
2005年考研英语(一)完形填空重要词汇汇总这是一篇社会生活类文章,主要是讲述了人的鼻子为什么对有些气味是不敏感的。
文章中的单词难度适中,基本没有超纲词汇,但是逻辑词和长难句偏多,可能会影响同学们的理解。
同样,文章中出现了许多高频重点单词,以下是本文中出现的10个,就让我们一起来学习吧!1. 13expose [ɪk'spoz]vt. 揭露,揭发;使曝光;显示【词根记忆】:ex(在…前面)+pose(姿势)→expose(在其前面摆好姿势,显示)【短语搭配】:expose to 暴露; 使暴露; 使曝光; 暴露于expose uncover 使暴露; 暴露于【真题例句】:However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.然而我们却发现,即使刚开始对某种气味不敏感的人,如果常常接触该气味,那么他也会突然变得对这种气味敏感了。
(2005年完型填空)2. 2inefficient [ɪnɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nt]adj. 无效率的,效率低的;无能的【词根记忆】:in(否定前缀)+efficient(有效的)→inefficient(无效率的,效率低的)【短语搭配】:expose to 暴露; 使暴露; 使曝光; 暴露于expose uncover 使暴露; 暴露于Auto Expose 自动曝光【真题例句】:The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keepall smell receptors working all the time but can creat new receptors if necessary. 看来,对嗅觉不灵的解释应该是:大脑发现让所有嗅觉感受器都始终工作的话效率太低,但是在必要时却能产生新嗅觉感受器。
考研英语真题中单词总结2005
1perceive[pəˈsi:v]vt.感觉, 察觉, 理解2stick to[]n.保留, 保有遵守, 坚持紧跟; 粘住3reputation[ˌrepjuˈteiʃən]n.名气, 名声, 名誉4slack[slæk]adj.松(弛)的清淡的, 不活跃的懈怠的, 马虎的n.(绳索等)松弛部分宽松裤vt. & vi.懈怠; 偷懒减速; 放松5outrage[ˈautreidʒ]n.义愤, 愤慨暴行骇人听闻的事件vt.引起…的义愤, 激怒6grievance[ˈɡri:vəns]n.委屈, 苦衷, 不满, 怨恨7cucumber[ˈkju:kʌmbə]n.黄瓜, 胡瓜8slice[slais]n.片, 薄片, 切片部分; 份vt.切vt. & vi.斜击9adjoin[əˈdʒɔin]vt. & vi.邻近, 毗连10luxury[ˈlʌkʃəri]n.奢侈, 豪华奢侈品11toss[tɔs]vt. & vi.扔; 投; 抛(使)摇荡; 使颠簸12mere[miə]adj.仅仅, 只不过纯粹的13righteous[ˈraitʃəs]adj.正直的, 正派的正当的; 道义上无可指责的14stem[stem]n.(花草的)茎, (树木的)干词干vt.遏制[阻止](液体的流动等)15rival[ˈraivəl]n.竞争对手vt.与…竞争, 与…匹敌16resent[riˈzent]vt.对…感到愤怒17jealous[ˈdʒeləs]adj.妒忌的, 猜疑的妒羡的; 羡慕的精心守护的, 珍惜的18inclined[inˈklaind]adj. 倾向…的, 有…意向的易于…的, 有…趋势的19temperament[ˈtempərəmənt]n.性格, 性情, 气质20grape[ɡreip]n.葡萄21lobby[ˈlɔbi]n.前厅, 厅堂议会休息室游说议员的团体vt. & vi.向…进行游说[疏通]22grave[ɡreiv]adj.(指情况)严重的严肃的, 庄重的n.坟墓死亡23upset[ʌpˈset]adj.心烦的不舒服的n.翻倒, 扰乱, 不安, 不适vt.打乱, 扰乱使苦恼, 使心烦; 使不适vt. & vi.打翻, 弄翻24pane[pein]n.窗玻璃25enlist[inˈlist]vt.获得(帮助或支持)vt. & vi.(使)入伍, (使)参军26preface[ˈprefis]n.序言, 前言开端, 前奏vt.作为…的序言, 作为…的开端27pour[pɔ:]vt. & vi.涌出倾; 倒28prudent[ˈpru:dnt]adj.审慎的; 有先见之明的; 判断力强的29steward[stjuəd]n.(轮船、飞机等的)乘务员, 服务员(俱乐部、旅馆、工会等的)管理员30legislative[ˈledʒislətiv]adj.立法的31incentive[inˈsentiv]n.激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因, 动机32Critic[ˈkritik]n.批评家, 评论家33hinder[ˈhində]vt. & vi.阻碍; 妨碍34logic[ˈlɔdʒik]n.逻辑(学), 逻辑性推理方法合理的想法35thermostat[ˈθə:məstæt]n.恒温(调节)器36emotional[iˈməuʃənl]adj.表现强烈情感的, 令人动情的易动感情的, 情绪激动的感情的, 情绪的37harness[ˈhɑ:nis]n.马具, 挽具vt.给(马等)装上挽具治理, 利用38vivid[ˈvivid]adj.鲜艳的生动的, 栩栩如生的39limbic[]40panic[ˈpænik]n.恐慌, 惊慌, 慌乱vt. & vi.(使)恐慌41therapist[ˈθerəpist]n.治疗专家42innermost[ˈinəməust]adj. 最深处的隐私的, 最隐秘的43prefrontal[ˈpri:ˈfrʌntl]adj. 额叶前部的,前额的44cortex[ˈkɔ:teks]n.〈解〉(脑或其他器官的)皮层植物的表皮45persist[pəˈsist]vt. & vi.坚持, 固执46rid[rid]vt.使摆脱, 解除…的负担, 从…中清除47regrettable[]48cult[kʌlt]n.迷信狂热的崇拜49oral[ˈɔrəl]adj.口头的, 口述的口服的50spelt[spelt]n. 斯佩耳特小麦spell的过去式及过去分词51craft[krɑ:ft]n.工艺, 手艺行业, 职业诡计, 手腕小船, 船飞机,飞船52genre[ʒɑ:r]n.〈法〉(文学、艺术等的)类型, 体裁, 风格53subtitle[ˈsʌbˌtaitl]n.小标题, 副标题(电影的)字幕vt.给…加副标题[字幕]54dialect[ˈdaiəlekt]n.方言, 土语55chunk[tʃʌŋk]n.厚厚的一块(某物)相当大的数量或部分56elaborate[iˈlæbəreit]adj.复杂的; 精心制作的vi.详尽说明vt.详细制定57reform[riˈfɔ:m]n.改革, 改良, 改造vt. & vi.改革; 改造; 改善58controversy[ˈkɔntrəvə:si]n.公开辩论, 论战59denote[diˈnəut]vt.为…的符号; 为…的名称指示; 指出60groan[ɡrəun]n.呻吟, 叹息呻吟般的声音vi.呻吟发牢骚, 抱怨受苦, 受折磨vt.呻吟着表示61soar[sɔ:]vi.高飞, 翱翔猛增高耸, 屹立62revenue[ˈrevənju:]n.收入, 收益; 财政收入, 税收63federal[ˈfedərəl]adj.联邦(制)的联邦政府的64exaggeration[iɡˌzædʒəˈreiʃən]n.夸张,夸大之词65lodge[lɔdʒ]n.乡间小屋, 旅舍vi.暂住, 借宿vt.供…以临时住处向当局提出声明66的[dì]n.oftarget。
历年考研英语阅读真题核心词汇
历年考研英语真题核心词汇Unit Onevote v. /n. 投票debate v. /n. 辩论,争论authority n. 政府;权威专家,权威(人士)occupation authorities 占领当局be authorized to do 得到授权be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利,有做…的权利incurably ill patients 晚期患者terminally ill 晚期的,终期的convince v. 坚信,相信;令人信服word n. 消息flash v./n. 闪现,,闪动,出现executive a.执行的n.执行官chief executive 首席执行官the right to…(有)做…的权利have rights doing sth. 有权做某事society n. 协会,社团academic ~ 学术社团specific society 具体的、特定的社团community n. …界, 团体;社会,社区legal community 法律界scientific community 科学界religious community 宗教团体health research community 医疗研究团体via prep. 经由,通过post v. 张贴,发布;(在网上)发帖bulletin n. 公告,报告import n. 重要性,重要意义;进口implications n. 含义,意义;暗示,启示imply v. 暗示,推论出;蕴含着…implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的explicit a. 表达明确地,明白的sink in 被了解alike adj. 类似的,同类的deal with 安排,处理,思考breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气association n. 协会associate…with…把…和…联系起来bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地,厉害地bill n. 法案,法律;账单passage n. 通过;经过;道路,通道tide n. 潮流,趋势likely adj/adv. 很有可能,可能的= possiblebe likely to 常常,很有可能unlikely adj. 不可能= impossibleaging population 老龄化的人口extend v. 延长,延伸,推广life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式be extended indefinitely 无限期延长get on with 继续做have something to do with…与…有关have much to do with 与…很有关系observer n. 观察者,旁观者observe v. 观察,注意;评论observation观察(报告),观察(结论);评论make observations 做评论domino(es)多米诺效应(~ effect)request v. 请求,要求deadly adj. 致命的dreadful adj. 可怕的;极大的inject v. 注射,注入pill n. 药丸suffering n. 痛苦,受罪suffer v. 遭受diagnose v. 诊断cool off 平静下来,变凉certificate n. 证明(书、证等)haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的,不易忘怀的terrifying a. 可怕的,令人害怕的spiritual a. 精神上的fight for 努力…,为…而努力claw v. 抓(scratch)mask n. 面具object to 反对objection toobjectionable 引起反对的,讨厌的objective adj. 客观的objectivity n. 客观性impartial adj. 公正,客观share the same view on 对…持相同观点be responsible for 对…负责(表示原因)significance n. 重要性,意义calm a . 平静的,镇静的intense a.强烈的,剧烈的(~ fear 非常担心)characteristic n.(~s)特点,特色a. 特有的be characteristic of 特点是= be typical ofbe characterized by 特点是,以…为特点experience v./n.经历(= undergo=go through)shared experience 共同的经历、经验perish v. 死亡,变腐败in peril 处在危险中approve v. 赞同(approval)disapproval n.反对indifferent a.漠不关心的,冷漠的(indifference)carefree adj. 不关心的,冷漠的suspect v. 怀疑,不信suspicion n. 怀疑,猜疑,不信be suspicious of 表示怀疑subjective adj. 主观的biased adj. 有偏见的(= prejudiced)prejudice n./v. (持有)偏见= biaspuzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzle v. 困惑word ~ 填字游戏puzzlement n.困惑,不明白的地方=confusion confused adj.困惑的confusing adj.令人不解的confuse v. 茫然,困惑;混淆confusion n. 困惑,混淆optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观(精神)pessimistic adj. 悲观的pessimism n. 悲观(精神)reserve v. 预留,保留;储备(金)reserved adj. 有保留的reserve space 保留位置,空间consent v. 同意slight adj. 轻微的enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiast n. 热衷者,狂热分子gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的gloom n. 昏暗;暗淡doom n. 末日,宿命gloom and ~ 悲伤沮丧scary adj.令人害怕的,可怕的scar n. 伤疤scared adj. 感到害怕的Unit Twoconsistent a. 一直的,一贯的,始终如一的courteous a. 谦恭有礼的court n. 法庭,法院,足球场frequently adv. 经常,频繁地(反义词rarely)small-minded a. 小心眼儿的ill-mannered a. 态度恶劣的,粗鲁的deserve v. 应该有,应该受到;值得comment on (做)评论otherwise adv./adj. 原本,本来dull a. 无趣的,无聊的(dullness)existence n. 存在;生存状态, 生活(life)typically ad. 通常,一般地(= generally)distant a. 远的,距离远的source n. 来源,本源;根源,原因=origin diversion n. 娱乐;转移diverse adj. 不同的,多种多样的diversity n. 多样化program n. 项目;程序= projectharsh a. 残酷的;严厉、苛刻的(harshness)harsh realities残酷现实frontier n. 边境,前方shape v. 塑造,形成;外形,体形reshape v. 重塑hospitality n. 友好,好客(~ to sb.)injure v. 伤害(injury)turn to 诉诸,求助于,寻求…的帮助= resort to lodge n. 乡间小屋,旅社v. 借宿,临时住cabin n. 小屋settlement n. 住所shelter n. 藏身处,避难处v. 保护,庇护residence n. 住处,住宅;居住dwelling n. 住所,处所dwell v. 住,居住mere(ly)adj./adv. 仅仅,不过,只(= only)charitable a. 仁慈的,慈善的impulse n. 冲动;推动,动力on the part of…从…的角度(on my part在我看来)reflect v. 反映,表现(= mirror);反省,反思(~ on)reflection n.weary a.疲倦的,筋疲力尽的(=exhausted)tourist trails 旅游线路pretty ad.相当地(~ soon非常一小会儿)pretty = fairly = ratherproper a.适当正确的,完全彻底的(properly)casual a. 不经意的,偶然的,临时的casualness n. 随便,随意,非正式interpret v. 阐释,说明interpret as 理解为,解释为artificial a. 假的,人造的;矫揉造作的historically developed历史形成(发展而来)的developed society 发达国家emerging countries 新兴国家As is true of…正如…一样complex a.复杂的,综合的n. 大型建筑(群)complicated a. 结构复杂的a set of 一整套的signal n. 信号sign n. 迹象,征兆;符号assume v.(没有根据地)认为,假定;承担assumption n. 假设,假定,设想,认为not necessarily 未必underlie v.形成了,构成了(…的基础);强调fail v. 失败fail to 不能,未能translate v. 转化;理解more than 不仅仅是,远远胜过brief a.短暂的,简短的in brief 简而言之brief n. 概要,简短情况介绍encounter v./n. 相遇,遇到distinguish between 区分,区别value…highly 非常珍视be interralated 相互联系exercise v.行使,使产生~ an influence over…manifest v. 体现,显现(~ oneself)~ation manifesto n. 宣言,声明exclusive adj.独一的(exclusive use单独使用)equal v. 等于,相当于entertain v. 招待,款待(=treat);使娱乐out of 出于…out of charitable impulse出于慈善的冲动flavor n. 风味keep up 维持,持续(传统,习惯等)keep up with 跟上,追上keep doing 一直,持续做某事Unit Threesubstance n. 物质other than 除了(…之外)rather than 而不是technically a. 技术上,学术上technical progress 技术进步professional progress 职业发展alter v. 改变mental a. 精神的drug n. 药品term n. 术语,专用名词v. 把…叫做/称为human term 普通人可以理解的说法refer to 指…,指的是;谈到,提及chemical n. 化学药品,化学制品addict n. 沉迷…的人v.(~ to)沉迷于addiction n. (to)上瘾,沉迷familiar a . 熟悉的alcohol 白酒,酒精tobacco n. 烟草neutral a. 中性的psychologist n. 心理医生,心理学家psychoactive作用于精神的,影响(改变)心理状态的abuse v./n 滥用;虐待patient abuse虐待病人make clear 解释,说明misuse v. 误用,用错;使用…不当heroin n. 海洛因cocaine n. 可卡因pervasive a. 广泛的(= widespread)aspirin n. 阿司匹林quiet v. 使安静;平息下来sociable a. 社交的,增进友谊的nerve n. 神经;勇气,胆量apparent a. 显然的,明显的= obvious apparently adv. 显然,明显地constructive a. 建设性的negative effects a. 副作用,消极作用impact n.深刻影响,冲击have significant ~ on poison v 中毒,投毒(~ous 有毒的) perceptual v. 知觉的,感觉的perception n. 知觉,感觉perceive v. 观察,感知distort v. 扭曲,歪曲(~ion)repeated use 反复使用,再三使用repeated adj. 再三的,反复的,重复性的lead to 导致,造成(= result in =cause)substance dependence 物质(药物)依赖be dependent on /upon 依赖于independent a. 独立的be ~ of不受…的限制independence n. 独立be marked by 以…为明显特征tolerance n. 容忍,承受(tolerate v. )be tolerant of 容忍tolerate v. 忍受,容忍desire n./v.期望,希望~ed effect预期的效果appearance n. 表现;外表unpleasant n.令人不愉快的pleasure n.快乐withdraw v.撤销,撤退,收回(withdrawal n.)symptom n. 症状discontinue v. 停止,废止,放弃affect v. 影响effect n. 影响;效果mood n. 情绪,心情group v. 归类,分类= classifystimulate v.刺激(stimulant n.使人兴奋的物质) depress v. 使压抑,使消沉,使沮丧depressant n. 使人镇静、情绪压抑的物质illusion v.错觉(hallucination n.幻觉,幻想)hallucinogens n. 迷幻剂initially adv. 最初,起初(=originally);第一,首先(= primarily)speed up 加速(slow down 减速,放缓)activate v. 刺激,使活跃起来primary a.初步的,首要的;主要的,重要的primarily adv. 主要的(=predominantly)首先,第一(=firstly=initially)primacy n. 首要地位,优势= predominance variety n.多样性,各种各样a ~ of各种各样的radical a. 根本的,彻底的,激进的radical change/reform 彻底的改革/变革state of consciousness 意识状态conscious a. 有意识的,有知觉的be preferable to比…更让人喜爱,更可取,更好preference n. 优先权,优惠preferential adj. 优惠的,优先的~ policiesin that 之所以这样是因为(解释原因)fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的overwhelming a. 压倒性的,无法抵抗的piercing a. 刺穿的,深刻的,感人的pierce v. 刺穿,刺透,刺fierce 激烈的result from 由…而产生,来源于;原因是…= arise from = stem from…be attributed to 归因于,归功于attribute…to…把…的原因归为blame 归咎于, 责备owe…to …原因在于,原因是= due to consumption n. 消费,消费量(consume v.) production and consumption 生产与消费pattern n.模式,形式,方式standard ~ 标准模式purpose n.目的(= intention)quantitative a. 定量的,按一定数量的application (to)n. 应用,使用technological application 科学技术的运用apply v. (to)应用,适用于employ v. 使用;雇佣employer n. 用人单位;老板employment n. 使用;职位part time employment 兼职工作full time employment 全职工作disease n. 疾病positive a. 积极的(nagative a. 消极的)positive forces积极力量=driving forces推动力Unit Fourcontribute to 导致,促成;为…做了贡献contribution n.促成因素(=contributing factors) decline n./v. 衰退,下跌economic/ moral decline 经济/ 道德衰退declining adj. 处于衰退的a ~ industryfade v. 渐渐消失,衰弱,减弱fading adj. 处于衰退的,日渐消失的falling adj. 日渐降低的,日益衰退的rising adj. 越来越多(大)的=growing, soaring, increasingfall v./n. 下跌,降低(fell,fallen)= droprise v./n. 上升,增加(rose ,risen)on the rise/ decline 处于上升/ 下跌、衰退accomplish v. 实现,完成,达到complete v. 完成,使完善adj.完整的,完全incomplete不完全的career n. 职业生涯corrupt v. 腐蚀,使恶化 a. 腐败的various a 各种各样的,各不相同的times n. 时代creative freedom 创作自由bottom line 底线core n./a. 核心(的),中心take over 接管,接班,接任late a. 已逝的,已故的alive adj. 活着的raise stock price 提高股票价格debt n. 债务deal n. 交易dealership n. 经销商property n.财产intellectual property知识产权restructure v.结构重组,调整结构,体制改革reengineer v. 再设计,重新建造,结构重组flap n./v. 辩论,辩护debate n. 争论,辩论hip-hop 街舞expression n. 表达~ freedom 表达自由defend v. 保卫,辩护defender n. 支持者,辩护人=supporter defendant n. 被告justify v. 证明…合理,为…而辩护be justified 有道理scientifically justified 科学上合理的justifiable adj. 合理的defend/justify…on the grounds that/of 为…而辩护,理由是…release v. 发表,发行issue v.under fire 受攻击violent a. 暴力的,猛烈的violence n. 暴力school violence 校园暴力violate v. 违反,违背(规章等)= infringe violate the rules and regulationstest n./v. 测试,检验;试验democratic a. 民主的,大众化的column n. 专栏lie in 在于the widest possible latitude 最大的幅度dispute v./n.争执,争论beyond ~ 毋庸质疑disputable a. 有争议的irritating a. 令人愤怒的,使人气愤的compromise v./n.妥协,让步(=retreat ;=back off)hard-line 强硬路线~ stand强硬立场to some extent 在某种程度上=at some level stockholder n. 股东,股票持有人cite v. 引用,引证balance n./v. 平衡announce v. 宣布= declarelaunch v. 发动,发起~ a drive to do sth.drive v. 驱动,推动driving force 推动力,驱动力be driven underground 被赶到地下,暗处develop v. 制定,培养;发展;研发develop standards 制定标准distribute v. 分发,分配;发行,销售distribution n. 发行,销售;发放,分布collection n. 收集information collection and distribution信息的收集与发布board n. 董事会;委员会boss and board 管理层= the management licencing board 执照颁发委员会be supportive of 支持oppositive adj. 相反的oppose v. 反对insider n. 业内人士,知道内情的人士people associated with…与…有关联的人senator n 参议员amendment n.(法律、合同等的)修改,修订unite v. 团结,联合为一Unit Fivemonetary a. 金融的,货币的steer v. 驾驶,驾驭land v. 着陆(take off 起飞,猛增)brake n./v. 闸;刹车precise a. 精确的far from the truth 远非事实variable a. 不确定的,易变的effect(on …)n. 影响(= influence on )hence adv. 因此就出现了,因此就有了analogy n. 类比nanlogous adj. 相当于,类似于conduct v./n 进行…行为;行为(~ online transactions进行网上贸易)liken…to…v. 把…比作…crack v. 破裂,破碎rear v. 后部的,后面的view n. 景色,风景;观点,看法faulty a 有缺点的,不完美的banker n. 银行家boast v. 值得夸耀,引以为豪double-digit 两位数poll v. 投票选出percentage n. 百分比favorable a 有利的capacity n. 最大承受力(能力),最大承受量(容量)utilization n. 利用,使用prove v. (结果)竟然是,原来是,证明是;证明thrilling n. 令人激动的follow v. 遵循,按照…去做comparable a. 可比较的,可比作extremely a. 极端地,非常地last v. 持续(一段时间)amaze v. 令人吃惊,使吃惊amazing a.神奇的,奇异的Unit Sixit doesn’t help that 无法阻止,无法避免capture v. 吸引, 引起;俘获,夺取(~ one’s attention/ imagination)giant dam 巨大的水坝gigantic adj. 巨大的= giant=titanicat the mercy of 任凭…摆布drought n. 干旱(flood n. 洪涝)ideal n. 理想 a. 理想的give up on…as an ideal 放弃…的理想do one’s bidding 听从某人的吩咐fascinating adj.令人着迷的,迷人的fascination n.着迷,异常兴奋be fascinated(with )对…着迷project n.(各类)建设项目;研究项目,计划threaten(to do)有…的危险,威胁(到)= risk threat n. 威胁symbol n. 象征strive to do something / for something努力奋斗assert oneself 表现自己cement v. 巩固,加强bid n. 出价,投标bid for(投标)竞争,争取得到overbidding过高出价status n. 地位;状态tend to 往往,通常会intend v. 打算,目的在于~ doing/to do sth.be intended to do目的在于tendency n. 趋势trend n. 趋势,倾向deprive somebody of something 剥夺,夺去…fertile adj. 土地肥沃的, 多产的silt n. 淤泥in return for 作为…的回报reservoir n. 水库barely adv. 几乎不= hardlygenerate electricity 发电myth n. 神秘事件,神话;荒诞的说法mythical adj. 令人神往的,想象的,虚构的persist v. 持续, 坚持persistent adj. 没完没了的civilized adj. 文明的,进步的= civil civilize v. 让…变得文明,使文明stop (short of) doing停止了做某事(差点做了…) troops n. 军队(= forces )contention over 竞争,争夺…(contend v. ) contend v.主张;竞争,斗争(contention n. )give the go-ahead 允许,许可wrong-headed adj. 执迷不悟的,固执错误的even though 即使= even ifalthough ( = though ) ad. 尽管,虽然destruction n. 毁灭,破坏the powerful 权贵,强势阶层the powerless 平民,群众far from 远非,根本不是,根本没有far beyond 远远超过,远非resolve v. 决心;解决(同问题、分歧连用)conflict n. 冲突,斗争,摩擦hydroelectric power 水力发电irrigation n. 灌溉monster adj. 庞大,巨大的shut one’s eyes to reality 对现实视而不见neglect v. 忽视,忽略negligence n. 忽视vital adj. 致命的,至关重要的vitality n. 生命力,活力concern v. 与…有关n. 担忧,关切concerning prep.就…而言;与…有关concerned 相关的(后置修饰词)voice one’s concern 公开声明对…表示关注mild/serious/hightened concern稍稍/严重/高度关注be concerned about/with 关心,担心,重视strengthen v. 巩固,加强weaken v. 消弱,使变弱strengths and weaknesses 长处和不足之处international ties 国际关系universal adj. 普遍的n. 普遍情况universalize v. 普及,使普遍= popularize no use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收haste n. 匆忙(贬义)= rushhasten v. 加速leap v. /n. 跳跃,跳,飞跃Unit Seventale n. 故事,童话corporation n. 大公司corporate adj. 公司的international/multinational corporation跨国公司incorporate v. 包含,加入;合并revival n. 复兴,振兴,重生establish v. 建立,确立;公认,确定established adj. 确定的,既定的well-established adj.得到广泛公认的~ tend productive adj. 生产力的;多产的productivity n. 生产力revolution n. 革新,变革revolutionary adj. 革命性的preside over v. 主持,负责president n.总统,总裁,大学校长vice ~ 副的official adj.正式的,官方的~ status官方地位statistics n. 统计数字,统计学mildly adv. (mild adj. )轻微的,适度的lump…together v. 合起来manufacturing n. 制造~ industry 制造业manufacturer n. 制造商on average 平均(只用于数字或人的资质)previous adj. 以前的,过去的acceleration n. 加速,加速度due to 因为rebound n. 反弹cycle n. 循环,周期business ~ 商业周期recycle v. 再利用,循环使用conclusive adj. 结论性的,充分的~ evidence inconclusive adj. 不充分的,不足以下结论的evidence n. 证据(不可数名词)treasury secretary n. 财政大臣,财政部长disjunction n. 分离,不吻合,出入anecdote n. 趣闻,轶事downsize v. 裁减,精简overall adj. 整体,全部的,总的factor n. 因素,要素joint adj. 共同的,联合的join v. 连接,结合equipment n. 装备,设备,装置machinery n. (总称)机器,机械profitable adj. 赢利的profit n. 利润switch (to) 转向matter much 关系很大,很有关系speculate (on) v. (对…进行)预测,推测speculative adj. 预测的,猜测的ineptly adv. 不适当地,不理想地spread v. 分布, 传播, 蔓延widespread adj. 广泛的,普遍的be evenly spread 平均分布,均衡分布的suppose v. 假设,猜想,想象academic v. 学者,大学教师 a. 学术的former adj. 过去的n. 前者colony n. 殖民地anti-colonial反殖民主义的chain n. 连锁机构crude adj.未经加工的;粗糙的,粗放型的crude oil 原油bakery n. 面包店toast v. 举杯庆祝case n. 情况;;案例,例子;(法律)案件in many cases 在很多情况下revenue n. 年收入,财政收入colleague n. 同事,伙伴= company mechanistic adj.机械的mechanism n.机制mechanical a.机械的,机械似的mechanical learning 机械的学习in a…fashion以…方式,方法(= in a…manner) version 版本;说法chop out 削减give thought to (n) 考虑sufficient adj.足够的,大量的sufficiency n. long-term adj. 长期的~ prospect 远景in a short term 短期内blunt adj. 直率,直言不讳的dismiss…as…认为…不过是…consultant n. 顾问( = advisor ) consultancy n. 咨询ambulance n. 救护车turning point 转折点recovery n. 复苏;复原,恢复exclude v. 排除,除去…之外include v. 包含,包括fall short of 落后于,达不到(目标),不如anticipation n.预测anticipate v. 预测,预计the true state of 真实情况pose a question / challenge提出问题/ 挑战raise a question 提出问题question v. 怀疑,质疑= suspect questionnaire n. 问卷reply n. 答复,回答put forward提出(观点) (= pose v.提出,造成) unquestioned claim 毋庸质疑的论点reform n. 改革(liberal reform 自由改革) essential(for/to)adj.关键,至关重要的,核心的a bunch of 一帮,一捆,一串good-for-nothing n.无价值的,无用的人;废物Unit Eightuneasy adj.不自在、不稳定的;困难、艰难的aspect n. (问题等的)方面rebel v.反叛,叛逆rebelling beliefs 叛逆的信念、信仰trial n. 审判;试验Catholic Church 天主教remark n./v. 话,言语harsh remarksmake a passing remark 短暂发言,说话worldview n. 世界观schism n. 裂隙,分裂deepen v. 加深,深化humanities n.人文学科humanity n.人文主义精神if anything 如果有的话afford to do 有条件、有资格做某事critic n. 批评者,评论家criticize v. 批评critical(ly) adj. 缜密严谨的;批评的;至关重要的think critically 批判地思维/思想think independently 独立地思考ignore v. 忽视be completely ~ed 完全遭到忽视fund n.资金v. 出资,拨款,资助funding n.资助over-funding 拨款过度under-funding 拨款不足anti-science n. 反科学notably adv. 引人注目地,显著地assemble v. 集合;组装find fault with 批评,挑…的毛病social status 社会地位sociology n. 社会学sociologist n. 社会学家philosopher n. 哲学家,思想家philosophy n. 哲学,人生准则,生活方式create v. 创造(creation n. 创造,创造物)creativity n. 创造力creature n. 生物creationism n. 上帝造人说evolution n. 进化;物种进化论phenomenon n. 现象(phenomena 复数)contradict v. 与…矛盾contradiction n.矛盾contradictory adj. 相矛盾的self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的on the contrary 相反contrast n. 对照,对比(不同点)survey n./v. 调查;纵览,通盘考虑reveal v. 显示,显示出;揭示,揭露;泄露tag n. 标签v. 贴标签(= label )label v./n. (贴)标签,标示epithet n.称号attach…to…将…联系在一起attach importance to…强调,重视…advocate v. 提倡,倡导n. 倡导者eliminate v.消除,淘汰,剔除(elimination n.) smallpox n. 天花virus n. 病毒virtue n. 美德scorn v. 蔑视long for 渴望,盼望utopia n. 乌托邦,理想完美境界,理想状态biological utopia 生物学上的理想状态environmentalist n.环保主义者,环境保护论者essay n. 文章,散文article n. 文章inevitable adj. 不可避免的,必不可少的respond forcefully/strongly to 对…做出强有力的反应respond to对…做出反应correspond to…v. 与…有关,相一致corresponding adj. 相应的pioneer n. 先驱,先锋global warming 全球气候变暖depletion n. 损耗,枯竭ozone layer 臭氧层consequence n. 后果logical consequence 合理结果,逻辑结论consequent adj. 随之而来的,作为结果的consequently adv. 因此= thus = thereforenote v. 注意到;写道n. 注释explanatory note 注释heavy note 很浓的意味,明显特征denote v. 指示,表示的是have…in common 共同点是common adj. 共有的,共同的annoy v. 惹恼,激怒,令…不快annoying employees 惹人生气的雇员confront v. 面对,挑战confrontation n. 对抗,冲突,不和separation n. 分裂,分离separate adj. 独立的,各自的,分离的earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭earn v. 挣钱,赚得;博得,得到contempt n.鄙视,蔑视,看不起earn the contempt of sb. 受到鄙视contemptible adj. 让人鄙视的,可鄙的greedy adj. 贪婪的show sympathy with/for 表示同情、同感in sympathy with 同情sympathetic adj.表示同情的;赞同、支持的compassionate adj.表示同情的,有同情心的exemplify v. 举例说明,例证context n. 上下文,语境Unit Nineemerge v. 出现= appearemergence n. 出现emerge as v. 以…面貌出现emerging countries 新兴国家emerging economies 新兴国家的经济census n.人口普查head-counting n.数人数,人口普查regional adj. 地区性的national a. 全国性的worldwide a.世界范围的compete with 与…竞争competitor n. 竞争者fierce/ intense competition激烈竞争competitive adj.竞争的anti-competitive force 反竞争的力量competitiveness竞争性,竞争力fading/growing competitiveness 越来越强/弱的竞争力competently adv. 合格,有效地incompetently adv. 不合格,不称职地standstill n. 停滞不前enthrone v. 使成为首位,是名列…之首densely/thinly populated人口稠密(稀少)的be populated with/by 充满了,充斥着numerically adv.从数字上显示,从数字方面ever recorded/witnessed 有历史(记载)以来decade n. 十年gain n. 上升,增长(= rise)add up to 总数为annual adj. 每年的,每年一度的the Depression years 经济大萧条的年代migrate v. 迁徙immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民移民immigration n.迁移,移民(进入一地区或国家) prevail v. 普遍,,盛行prevalent adj. 流行的,主导的drop out of 离开,掉出,退出shift v. /n. 转换,变化,转移,转嫁shift (from…) to…转向major shift主要变化,重要变化wave n. 浪潮,潮流(= trend )one wave after another 一波接一波的the snow-belt 冰雪地带the sun-belt 阳光地带role n. 角色,作用play a role 起作用play a key role 起到关键作用baby boom生育高峰期,婴儿潮child-bearing adj.育龄的,怀孕的crop n. 收获,收割generation n. 一代(人)two-generation household 由两代人组成的家庭demography n. 人口统计学related adj. 有关,相关的closely related to career-related adj. 与工作有关的instance n. 例子,实例rapid adj. 迅速的,飞快的rap n. 说唱vast adj. 广大的,巨大的vastly = greatly = broadlydevastate v. 毁坏,破坏be composed of 由…组成的square n./a. 平方(的)~ meters 平方米flight n. 逃跑;远离bearable adj. 可以忍受的dramatize v. 明显体现出drama n. 戏剧dramatic adj. 剧烈的;巨大的~ changes 巨变dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息dramatically adv. 大幅度地spacious adj. 宽敞的space n. 空间smog n. 烟雾crime n. 刑事犯罪criminal a. 有罪的n. 罪犯plague n. 瘟疫,通病urbanization n. 都市化urban a. 城市的suburban adj. 近郊的,城市边缘的rural a. 农村的rate n. 比率;费率interest rates 利率divorce rate离婚率crime rate犯罪率birth rate出生率inflation rates通货膨胀率ratio n. 比例sex ratio 男女性别比例reason n. 理性;原因v. 推理reasonable a.合理的considerably adv. 相当大的,非常(= vastly)perplex v. 困扰,迷惑perplexing adj. 令人困惑的witness v. 见证,目击n. 目击者,证人undergo v. 经历了= experience distinguish oneself from others使自身与众不同stress n. 压力v. 强调stress…over…v. 强调…比…更重要climatic influence 气候影响climate n. 气候highlight v. 强调(= stress )continuous adj. 连续不断的continual adj. 频繁的,不断的elaborate v. 详细阐述,精心制作delayed adj. 迟到的delay v. 延迟,耽误unanimously adv. 一致地democracy n. 民主be engaged in 从事,忙于conservative a. 保守的n. 保守的人cling to something 坚持= stick toUnit 10scatter v. 遍布,散乱分布the globe n. 地球isolate v. 分离,隔绝isolated adj. 分离的,隔绝的region n. 地区volcano n. 火山volcanic activity 火山活动geology n. 地质学geologist n. 地质学家geological feature 地质特点geological publication n. 地质学出版物hot spot 热点boundary n. 界限drifting plate 漂移的板块drift away 漂走make up 占…(比例)(= account for)组成(be made up of…由…构成)弥补,化妆surface n. 表面interior n. 内部 a. 内部的trail n. 踪迹,痕迹,路线tourist ~s;volcanic ~s milestone n. 里程碑mark v. 标志着markedly adv. 显著地complementary adj. 互补的coastline n. 海岸线span v. 横跨,横越n. 跨距,跨度attention span 注意力集中时间段life span寿命ocean n. 海洋oceanic adj. 海洋的reminder n. 提示,提醒的人或物remind v. 提醒,使想起continent n. 大陆continental plate 大陆板块relative adj. 相对的motion n. 动作,移动(= mobility )mobile adj.(可)移动的,流动的mobility n. orbital motion 有轨道的运动construct v. 建造,构造;构思,构想,想象in detail adv. 细节的,详细的detail n. 细节with respect to关于…,在…方面,与…有关= in terms of = regardingreadily adv. 轻易地,容易地translate…into…将…解释为determine v. 确定,决定in opposite directions 向不同方向stationary adj. 固定的,静止不动的respectively adv. 各自地,分别地anchor v. 固定在,停留n 节目主持人layer n. 层,层次measuring instrument 测量工具,测量仪器measure n. 措施;衡量指标,测量方法conventional measures 常规的指标measurable adj. 可以衡量的analysis n. 分析self-analysis n. 自我分析senior analyst 高级分析师be confined to something 被限制于,局限于frame n. 框架,范围reference n. 参考geophysical adj. 地球物理学的propel v. 推动,推进,加速broad adj. 宽阔的,巨大的,广泛的broaden v. 拓展fissure n./ v. 缝隙,裂痕(= crack )entire adj. 完全的,整体的entirely adv. 完全地,彻底地entirely reasonable 完全合理的entirely different story 完全不同的情况initiate v. 开始,引发take initiative 积极行动,采取主动medical initiative 医疗动机formation n. 形成mutability n. 变形;易变性consistent adj.一直的,一贯的~ly adv. 一直inconsistency n. 不一致,变化apart adv. 分开dome n. 拱型,圆屋顶be deducted from 由…推论出stable adj. 稳定stability n. 稳定Unit 11rough adj. 粗糙的,粗略的;困难,复杂roughly adv. 大约,大致(后跟数字或数目)slip v. 滑倒warning n. 警告warn of/against提醒注意…,发出关于…的警告disaster n. 灾难catastrophe n. 大灾难tragedy n. 悲剧,灾难lawsuit n. 法律诉讼sue v.起诉appeal v. (to,for)上诉,申诉compensate sb. for 赔偿,补偿compensation n. 赔偿,补偿or so 大约jury n. 陪审团hold v. 认为,主张;保持be liable for adj. 负法律责任,对…应负责任be liable to 易…的,有…可能的liability n. 义务,法律责任misfortune n. 不幸fortune n. 运气;财富;财产状况,经济状况cautious adj. 小心谨慎的caution n./v. 小心谨慎;警告precaution n. 预防,防范,警惕appropriate adj. 正确,适当的= proper inappropriate subject 不恰当的题材drug interaction 药物过敏,药物交互作用interact with 互动,相互作用interactive adj. 互动的interactivity n. 互动性federal adj. 联邦的regulation n. 管理规定,规则regulate v.规范,管理regular adj. 规则的,标准的;定期的regularity n. 规律性,规则性customer n. 顾客,消费者client n.顾客,客户potential customer 潜在顾客,可能的顾客customize n. 量身定制,定做,用户化take somebody to court 将…告上法庭turn the tide潮流倒转,逆转潮流reverse the trend 逆转这一潮流,逆转这一趋势claim n. 索赔;主张;宣称,声称unquestioned claim 毋庸置疑的言论proclaim v. 宣称(= claim)side with / back up 支持paralyze v. 麻痹,瘫痪paralysis n. 瘫痪parallel n. 类似事物或做法a.平行的unparalleled adj.无以伦比的= unmatched unsurpassed might无法超越、空前的巨大力量unprecedented a. 史无前例的,空前的precede v. 先于,在…之前(发生)proceed to 着手做,进入(下一个议程或项目)athlete n. 运动员institute n. 学院,机构judge n. 法官v. 判断judgement n.判断justice n. 司法;正义;法官recommendation n.建议;推荐recommend v. 建议;推荐counsel v. 建议carry v. 有,蕴含着,承载着carry substantial weight 很有分量substantial adj. 相当大的;相当多的= considerableweight n. 分量,重量issue v. 发布,出台n. 问题,争端,事务guideline n. 指导,方针,大纲tort law 侵权法state v. 声明,陈述,规定statement n bombard sb. with…v. 用…狂轰滥炸lengthy adj.(演说、文章等)冗长的= tedious lengthen v. 延长shorten v. 缩短get buried 被掩埋,被忽略= be buried triviality n. 琐碎的事务draft v. 起草n. 草案,草稿moderate adj. 适度,中等的have one’s way 按照…的愿望行事,顺利进行for the benefit of / in the interest of 为了…的利益find fault with 找茬,挑错promise v. 承诺n. 前途intellectual promise 读书方面的前途political promise 政治前途promising adj. 有前景的inadequacy n. 不足,不完美inadequate adj.不够充分的,不完全,不够的make the best use of 充分利用be / feel obliged to do不得不demonstrate v.说明,显示,表明= illustratediscard v. 抛弃discard…in words 口头,表面上抛弃Unit 12web business = internet commerce= online transaction 在线商务,互联网贸易anti-consumerism 反消费主义,抵制消费第一的观念consumer n. 消费者culture of consumption 消费文化medical consumer 医疗消费者fashion n. 时尚v.制定,开发,研发(=develop) attain a certain fashion 一定程度上得到流行old-fashioned a. 落伍的,过时的fashionable a. 时髦的,流行的revolve around v. 围绕…展开或进行tap v. 开发~ the market 开发市场make sense 合理,行得通;有意义nonetheless adv. 然而,但是(= nevertheless ) hesitate v. 犹豫,犹豫不决doubt v. 怀疑self-doubt n. 自我怀疑doubter n. 怀疑者dubious a. 半信半疑的reliable adj. 可靠的fairly ~ 相当可靠的reliability n. 可靠性trust v./n. 信任n. 托拉斯,大型垄断企业distrust v. 不信任mistrust v. 不信任,怀疑trustworthy adj. 可靠的pathway n. 路径path n. 路径risk v./n. 风险,冒…的风险= threatenrisk doing something 冒险做某事partner n. 伙伴give somebody access to 允许出入,允许接触access n. 接近,利用(网络)accessible adj. 可获得的,可利用的intranet n. (单位内部)局域网model n./v. 模式,方式,模仿,建模focus on 集中于;全神贯注于available adj. 可以得到的,可以用的available online 在网上可得到的site n. 位址,场所;网址=websitedirect a. 直接的,径直的indirect a. 间接的transmit v. 传播,传染transmission n. message n. 信息,消息send out messages screen savor 屏幕保护deliver v.传送,送货上门;发言,发表演说updated adj. 最新的,更新的stream n.流,河流,一连串tourist streams客流a stream of 一系列的,一连串的streams of news/information 大量的新闻、信息subscriber n. 订阅者subscribe v. (to)同意,赞同monitor n. 监视器,显示器as yet (到目前为止)尚未not…(just) yet 尚未special sales 减价销售,特价销售commercial promotion 商业促销promote v. 推动,促进;促销;提拔byproduct n. 副产品produce v. 生产出,创造出;培养出n. 产品side-effect n. 副作用offer v. 提供;出价,报价provide v. 提供= offerprovided conj. 如果(= if)think tank 智囊团notion n. 观念,概念,想法,意见connotation n. 内涵,含义,意义event n. 活动,事件,事情eventually adv. 最终,最后flow v. 流动request n. 要求once adv. 以前,曾经(= used to);一旦,如果univited a. 不请自来的,未经请求的distinction n. 区别;显赫身份,声望distinct a. 截然不同的,明显独特的draw v. 做比较,进行区别draw distinctions/ comparisons between …and …对…进行比较,区别两者comparison n. 比较(相同点或不同点)prospect n. 前景raise the ~ 使前景变得光明job prospect 就业前景career prospect职业前景horrify v. 吓唬,恐吓,令人害怕,使害怕Net purist网络纯净主义者pure a. 纯粹的, 纯洁的resort to something 借助,采取,求助于the best resort 最好的办法,最好的手段the last resort最后的手段;终审法庭,最高法庭the right mix of …and ……和…的有机结合cost n.支出,成本;代价at all ~s 不惜一切代价地cost and benefit 利弊costly adj. 昂贵的= expensive free fall 自由落体,自由降落enterprise n. 企业silicon n. 硅,电脑业in silicon在互联网上silicon chips 硅片,芯片,集成电路板set up 设立,创立take the online plunge投身于互联网,置身于网络expand v. 扩大expansion n. 扩展fanciful adj. 新奇的in vain 徒劳,白费,没有用处boom v.繁荣,迅猛发展baby boom生育高峰enjoy the widest popularity 得到流行,受到欢迎popular adj. 受欢迎的;大众的popular culture 大众文化populist n. 大众主义者,平民主义者adj. 大众主义者的,大众的faith n. 忠诚,信任give priority to 重视,认为…优先function v.起作用,运行,行使职责n.功能,职责functional adj. 功能性的leading adj. 主要的,重要的;领先的Unit 13invisible adj. 看不见的,无形的visible adj. 看得见的border n. 边界,界限frontier n. 边境,前方divide v. 分开,划分开n. 差距,鸿沟digital divide数字化鸿沟division n. 分歧,分隔,分离argue for赞成,支持,同意= subscribe =favor argue v.坚决主张,认为=claim=hold=contend argument n. 论点,观点;论据on behalf of 代表…,为了…= on one’s behalfexplore v. 探索,探讨,探究,研究exploration n. 探究,研究subject n.题目,主题;学科adj.遭受…的,容易受到…(影响)的be subject to (n.) 受限制,属于subject matter 主题,主旨go to 是…go to the heart of 是…的核心或关键indeed adv. (加强语气)确实,事实上campaign n. 运动,活动v. 发起运动,活动aim at 目的在于= aim towardsaimlessness n. 毫无目的,毫无目标。
2005年考研英语阅读理解Text1单词(附中文词义)
Text 1 动物公平Rise,v. 上涨,上升;Pleasure,n. 喜悦Vanish,v. 消失Colleague,n. 同事College,n. 学院Indeed,adv. 事实上Reputation,n. 声望,名誉Slack,v. 放松Outrage,v. 愤怒Be regarded as,被当做……Underlying,adj. 潜在的Underlie,v. 位于……之下Assumption,n. 假设Be capable of,有能力做(某事)Finely,adv. 细微地Grievance,n. 不满,委屈Publish,v. 出版,发表As well, 也Researcher, n. 研究者Research, n. & v. 研究Study, v. 研究,调查Female, adj. 女性的Male, adj. 男性的Capuchin monkey 卷尾猴Good-nature 本性善良Creature, n. 创造物Co-operative, adj, 合作的Cooperation, n. 合作Corporation, n. 公司Operation, n. 操作,经营,手术Operate, v. 操作,经营= run Above all, 首先,最重要的是,Counterpart, n. 对应物Tend to do 倾向于做(某事)Pay attention to 注意Value, n. 价值Characteristic, n. 特征Candidate, n. 候选人Exchange…for…, v. 用…交换…Normally, adv. 通常情况下Piece, n. 块Slice, n. 片Separate, adv. 分离的Adjoining, adv. 连接的Chamber, n. 室Observe, v. 观察Markedly, adv. 明显地Luxury, adj. 奢侈的Preferable, adj. 更合心意的,Be reluctant to, 不愿意做(某事)Mere, adj. 只有Receive, v. 接受(被动)Accept, v. 接受(主动)Presence, n. 存在Induce, v. 引起Resentment, n. 愤恨= outrage Guide, v. 引导=directTourist guide 导游Director 导演Social, adj. 社会的Society, n. 社会Emotion, n. 情感Species, n. 种类Specific, adj. 形容词Specialist, n. 专家Specialty, n. 专长Stable, adj. 稳定的Cheat, v. 欺骗=lieRighteous, adj. 正义的Indignation愤怒=resentment=outrage Preserve, n. 保护区Abundantly, adv, 大量地Fairness, n. 公平Evolve, v. 进化Independently, 独立地Stem from 来源于Unanswered 未解答的。
(难得精品)考研英语历年真题词汇手册
2004年重点词汇阅读理解部分:1. parliamentary adj. 议会的2 .territory n. 领土, 版图, 地域3 incurably adv.治不好地, 不能矫正地4 convincing adj.令人信服的, 有力的, 令人心悦诚服的5 flashed vi.闪光, 闪现, 反射, 使迅速6 pick up v.掘地, 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 加快, 看到, 随便地认识, 加速7 bulletin n.公告, 报告8 import n.进口货(常用复数), 进口, 输入, 意思, 重要性vt.输入, 进口, 含...的意思, 重要, 引入9 sink in 被了解10 implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示11 bitterly adv.苦苦地, 悲痛的, 厉害的12 haste n.匆忙, 急忙13 turn back v.使停止往前, 往回走, 翻回到, 重新提到, 折转, 挡住14 euthanasia n.安乐死15 dominoes 多米诺16 injection n.注射, 注射剂, (毛细血管等的)充血, (人造卫星, 宇宙飞船等的)射入轨道17 diagnose v.诊断18 terminally adv.末尾, 一定时期地19 resident n.居民 adj.居住的, 常驻的20 haunting adj.常浮现于脑海中的, 不易忘怀的21 spiritual adj.精神上的22 claw n.爪, 脚爪 v.抓23 consistently 一贯地,一向,始终如一地24 deserve vt.应受, 值得 v.应受25 dull adj.感觉或理解迟钝的, 无趣的, 呆滞的, 阴暗的vt.使迟钝, 使阴暗, 缓和vi.变迟钝, 减少26 loneliness n.孤独, 寂寞27 welcome n.欢迎 vt.欢迎int.欢迎 adj.受欢迎的28 harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的, 刺耳的, 刺目的29 frontier n.国境, 边疆, 边境30 charitable adj.仁慈的, (为)慈善事业的,宽恕的31 impulse n.推动, 刺激, 冲动, 推动力 vt.推动32 weary adj.疲倦的, 厌倦的, 令人厌烦的, 疲劳 v.疲倦, 厌倦, 厌烦33 hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情34 casual adj.偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的35 interpret v.解释, 说明, 口译, 通译, 认为是...的意思36 superficial adj.表面的, 肤浅的, 浅薄的37 artificial adj.人造的, 假的, 非原产地的38 historically 在历史上, 从历史观点上说39 complex adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的 n.联合体40 assumption n.假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态41 interrelationship 相互关系[联系, 影响], 干扰42 fail to 未能...43 draw v.拉, 曳, 牵, 画, 绘制, 拖曳vt.汲取, 领取, 提取, 引起, 吸引vi.向...移动, 挨近n.平局, 和局, 拖曳翻译部分:monetary adj.货币的, 金钱的precise adj.精确的, 准确的 n.精确inflation n.胀大, 夸张, 通货膨胀, (物价)暴涨have any effect on 对…有影响analogy n.类似, 类推steering n.操纵, 掌舵, 指导disadvantages n.不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势boast n.自夸, 值得夸耀的事物 v.自夸, 以有...而自豪average n.平均, 平均水平, 平均数, 海损adj.一般的, 通常的, 平均的vt.平均为, 均分, 使平衡, 达到平均水平vi.买进, 卖出digit n.阿拉伯数字, 手指或足趾, 一指宽(约四分之三英寸)forecasters n.预报员panel n.面板, 嵌板, 仪表板, 座谈小组, 全体陪审员 vt.嵌镶板consistently 一贯地,一向,始终如一地favourable adj.赞成的, 称许的, 有利的, 顺利的 n.有利conventional adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的slack n.松弛, 静止, 淡季, 闲散, 家常裤adj.松弛的, 不流畅的, 疏忽的, 软弱的, 漏水的, 呆滞的, 懒散的adv.马虎地, 缓慢地vt.使松弛, 使缓慢, 马虎从事vi.松懈, 减弱, 松驰utilization n.利用take off v.拿掉, 取消, 脱衣, 起飞, 减弱, 离开, 岔开, 复制proved 被证实的thrilling adj.毛骨悚然的, 颤动的, 发抖的defective adj.有缺陷的, (智商或行为有)欠缺的n.有缺陷的人, 不完全变化动词2005年重点词汇和词组阅读理解部分capture n.捕获, 战利品 vt.俘获, 捕获, 夺取imagination n.想象, 空想, 想象的事物, 想象力, 听觉at the mercy of adv. 受...支配fascinated vt.使着迷, 使神魂颠倒 vi.入迷, 极度迷人的achievement n.成就, 功绩assert v.断言, 声称cement n.水泥, 接合剂 vt.接合, 用水泥涂, 巩固 vi.粘牢intended adj.有意的, 故意的, 已经订婚的 n已经订婚者deprived adj.缺乏足够教育的;缺少食物的in return adv.作为报答reservoir n.水库, 蓄水池contention n.争夺, 争论, 争辩, 论点bidding for n.命令, 出价, 邀请destruction n.破坏, 毁灭far from adv.远离, 远非, 远远不, 完全不, 非但不impact n.碰撞, 冲击, 冲突, 影响, 效果 vt.挤入, 撞击, 压紧, 对...发生影响conflict n.斗争, 冲突 vi.抵触, 冲突hydroelectric adj.水力电气的irrigation n.灌溉, 冲洗monster. n.怪物, 妖怪dealing with prep.有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于, 就tales n.[律]候补陪审员召集令revival n.苏醒, 复兴, 复活, 再生效, 复苏productivity n.生产力revolution n.革命, 旋转assume vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现presiding adj.主持会议的, 指挥的statistics n.统计学, 统计表lump n.块(尤指小块), 肿块, 笨人vt.使成块状, 混在一起, 忍耐, 笨重地移动vi.结块on average 平均起来acceleration n.加速度due to adv.由于, 应归于rebound n.回弹 v.回弹disjunction n.分离, 分裂, 折断anecdote n.轶事, 奇闻reflected adj.反射的,得自他人的contribution n.捐献, 贡献, 投稿be intended to 为了profitable adj.有利可图的switch to v.切换到,转到, 转变成speculative adj.投机的ineptly adv.不适当地, 无能地chief executive 总裁revenue n.收入, 国家的收入, 税收far too many 太多的chop out 降低blunt adj. 直率的consultant n.顾问, 商议者, 咨询者schism n.(政治组织等的)分裂, 教派humanities 人文学科community n.公社, 团体, 社会, (政治)共同体, 共有, 一致, 共同体, (生物)群落attack n.进攻, 攻击, (用语言)抨击, 批评, 疾病发作, 侵袭vt.攻击, 抨击, 动手处理(某事)vi.攻击concerns vt.涉及, 关系到 n.(利害)关系, 关心, 关注, 关注, 所关心的是assemble vt.集合, 聚集, 装配 vi.集合find fault v.挑剔academics adj.学院的, 理论的objectivity n.客观性, 客观现实concern with v.使关心contradict vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触dispute v.争论, 辩论, 怀疑, 抗拒, 阻止, 争夺(土地,胜利等)n.争论, 辩论, 争吵manifesto n.宣言, 声明scorn n.轻蔑, 嘲笑, 被叱责的人 vt.轻蔑, 不屑做long for v.渴望pretechnological 技术时代depletion n.损耗epithet n.绰号, 称号lump n.块(尤指小块), 肿块, 笨人vt.使成块状, 混在一起, 忍耐, 笨重地移动 vi.结块enlighten vt.启发, 启蒙, 教导, 授予...知识, 开导, <古>照耀emerge vi.显现, 浮现, 暴露, 形成, (由某种状态)脱出, (事实)显现出来census n.人口普查standstill n.停止, 停顿implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示enthrone vt.立...为王, 使登基, 任为主教, 崇拜 vi.热心densely adv.浓密地, 浓厚地numerically 用数字, 在数字上depression n.沮丧, 消沉, 低气压, 低压migrate vi.移动, 移往, 移植, 随季节而移居, (鸟类的)迁徙 vt.使移居, 使移植attribute to 归功于demographer n.人口统计学家apparently adv.显然地overcrowdedness n. 拥挤地区search for 搜寻spacious adj.广大的, 大规模的plagues n.瘟疫, 麻烦, 苦恼, 灾祸 vt.折磨, 使苦恼, 使得灾祸as a result adv.结果considerably adv.相当地scatter v.分散, 散开, 撒开, 驱散isolate vt.使隔离, 使孤立, 使绝缘, 离析 n.隔离种群geologist n.地质学者volcano n. 火山on the contrary adv.正相反interior adj.内部的, 内的 n.内部milestones n.里程碑, 里程标, 重要事件, 转折点inject into 把...注入complementary adj.补充的, 补足的reminder n.提醒的人, 暗示in detail adv.详细地readily adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地stationary 固定的anchor n.锚 v.抛锚, 锚定confine vt.限制, 禁闭 n.界限, 边界frame n.结构, 体格帧,画面,框架vt.构成, 设计, 制定, 使适合, 陷害vi.<英方>有成功希望 n.帧,画面,框架geophysical adj.地球物理学的propel vt.推进, 驱使continental adj.大陆的, 大陆性的 n.欧洲人fissure n.裂缝, 裂沟, (思想, 观点等的)分歧 v.(使)裂开, (使)分裂initiate vt.开始, 发动, 传授 v.开始, 发起formation n.形成, 构成, 编队mutability n.易变性, 性情不定翻译部分:by far adv.到目前为止object n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 vi.反对, 拒绝, 抗议 vt.提出...来反对detect vt.察觉, 发觉, 侦查, 探测 v.发现strip vt.剥, 剥去 n.条, 带look into v.窥视, 浏览, 观察amazing adj.令人惊异的landmark n.(航海)陆标, 地界标, 里程碑, 划时代的事in fact 实际上originate in 起源于put forward v.放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出dominant adj.有统治权的, 占优势的, 支配的 adj.[生物] 显性的cosmos 宇宙burst into v.闯入, 开出, 突然出现submicroscopic adj.亚微观的outward adj.外面的, 外表的, 公开的, 向外的, 外出的adv.向外, 在外, 表面上n.外表, 周围世界condensing into 冷凝为galaxy n.星系, 银河, 一群显赫的人, 一系列光彩夺目的东西astrophysicist n.天体物理学家inflationary adj.通货膨胀的, 通货膨胀倾向的propel vt.推进, 驱使antigravity n.[物]无重量plausible adj.似是而非的2006年重点词汇和词组阅读理解部分rough adj.粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的, 粗暴的, 粗略叙述的v.大体描述 adv.粗糙地doormat n.(放于门前的)擦鞋垫fail to 未能...lawsuit n.诉讼(尤指非刑事案件)compensate v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬liable for 负责misfortune n.不幸, 灾祸anticipate vt.预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先 v.预订, 预见, 可以预料stepladder n.活梯fall off v.下降, 跌落, 减少, 衰退, 离开appropriate adj.适当的interaction n.交互作用, 交感federal regulation 联邦政府规章manufacture vt.制造, 加工 n.制造, 制造业, 产品liability n.责任, 义务, 倾向, 债务, 负债, 与assets相对appear to 似乎side with defendant 站在被告一边paralyze vt.使瘫痪, 使麻痹helmet n.头盔, 钢盔at the same time 同时recommendation n.推荐, 介绍(信), 劝告, 建议substantial adj.坚固的, 实质的, 真实的, 充实的tort n.[律]民事侵权行为bombard vt. 炮轰;轰击trivialities n.琐事for the benefit of adv.为...的利益legal liability 法律责任revolve v.(使)旋转, 考虑, 循环出现tap n.轻打, 活栓, 水龙头vt.轻打, 轻敲, 敲打出, 开发, 分接, 使流出, 选择, 攻螺纹于vi.轻叩, 轻拍, 轻声走n.<美>(用复数)熄灯号prove to be 证明为make sense 使…有意义look for 寻找nonetheless adv.虽然如此, 但是hesitate v.犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿reliability n.可靠性senior adj.年长的, 资格较老的, 地位较高的, 高级的transaction n.办理, 处理, 会报, 学报, 交易, 事务, 处理事务access to 有权使用intranet 企业内部互联网commerce n.商业available adj.可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的, 接受探访的focus on 集中target n.目标, 对象, 靶子update v.使现代化, 修正, 校正, 更新 n.现代化, 更新subscriber n.订户, 签署者, 捐献者customize v.[计] 定制, 用户化similar adj.相似的, 类似的special n.特派员, 专车, 专刊 adj.特别的, 特殊的, 专门的, 专用的contempt n.轻视, 轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬, [律]藐视法庭(或国会)thinks highly of 尊重distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫prospect n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望 vi.寻找, 勘探horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的resort to 求助于strategies n.策略, 军略interactivity 交互性hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情security n.安全set up v.设立, 竖立, 架起, 升起, 装配, 创(纪录), 提出, 开业silicon n.[化]硅, 硅元素plunge n.跳进, 投入 vi.投入, 跳进, 陷入 vt.使投入, 使插入, 使陷入invisible adj.看不见的, 无形的on the behalf of 代表prospect n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望 vi.寻找, 勘探radical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激进的 n.激进分子explore v.探险, 探测, 探究contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾aim at v.瞄准, 针对justify v.证明...是正当的conception n.观念, 概念assess vt.估定, 评定optimism n.乐观, 乐观主义forsake vt.放弃, 抛弃pessimism n.悲观, 悲观主义betray vt.出卖, 背叛, 泄露(秘密), 露出...迹象vocational adj.职业的emphasize vt.强调, 着重 v.强调make sure v.确定,确信,证实presumptuous adj.专横的pick up v.掘地, 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 加快, 看到, 随便地认识, 加速entirely adv.完全地, 全然地, 一概地in any case adv.无论如何complementary adj.补充的, 补足的vocational adj.职业的confusion n.混乱, 混淆startle v.震惊be opposite to 在...对面与...相反husbandry n.管理independent n.中立派, 无党派者 adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的recommendation n.中立派, 无党派者 adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的feverishly adv.兴奋地legislation n.立法, 法律的制定(或通过)be used for 用来做...consensus n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论unacceptable adj.无法接受的, 不受欢迎的attempt to 试图,企图general n.普通, 将军, 概要 adj.一般的, 普通的, 综合的, 概括的, 全面的, 大体的n.常规call for v.要求, 提倡, 为...叫喊, 为...叫nucleus n.核子in the air adv.在空中, 悬而未决, 在流传中, 不设防depend on v.依靠, 依赖supposedly adv.想像上, 按照推测gravity n.地心引力, 重力be curious about 对…好奇orbital adj.轨道的, 眼窝的consider vt.考虑, 照顾, 认为possibility n.可能性, 可能发生的事物be ready for 做好了充分的准备impression n.印象, 感想, 盖印, 压痕substitute for 代替... 替换..., 取代..conference n.会议, 讨论会, 协商会advisability n.明智frown vi.皱眉, 蹙额, 不赞成, 反对 v.皱眉be shocked at 对…感到震惊speculate vi.推测, 思索, 做投机买卖amount to 总计,等于victim n.受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品consistently 一贯地,一向,始终如一地convince vt.使确信, 使信服carry out n.进位, 射程, 运载 vt.携带, 运送, 支持, 支撑, 传送, 意味vi.被携带, 能达到according to 依照,按照indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明measurable adj.可测量的reasonable adj.合理的, 有道理的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的distract v.转移register n.记录, 登记簿, 登记, 注册, 寄存器vt.记录, 登记, 注册, 提示, 把...挂号vi.登记, 注册, 挂号regularity n.规律性, 规则性, 整齐, 匀称conformity n.一致, 符合desirable adj.值得要的, 合意的, 令人想要的, 悦人心意的be blamed for 被责备in favor of 赞成conventional adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的翻译部分definition n.定义, 解说, 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度conform to v.符合, 遵照attempt to 试图,企图significant adj.有意义的, 重大的, 重要的anew adv.重新, 再scatter v.分散, 散开, 撒开, 驱散partial adj.部分的, 局部的, 偏袒的, 偏爱的 n.泛音partisan n.游击队rever v. 崇尚affinity n.密切关系, 吸引力, 姻亲关系, 亲合力methodology n.方法学, 方法论refer to 参考,参照peculiar adj.奇特的, 罕见的, 特殊的 n.特有财产, 特权appropriate adj.适当的accuse of 因某事控告某人method n.方法victim n.受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品fallacy n.谬误, 谬论implementation n.执行equate vt.使相等, [数]视为平等 vi.等同2007年重点词组与词汇阅读理解部分:1. effortless adj.容易的, 不费力气的2. handicap n.障碍, 阻碍, 障碍赛跑 v.妨碍, 使不利, 阻碍3. a driving force 动力4. a glowing period 增长时期,发展时期5. unparalleled adj.无比的, 无双的, 空前的6. scale n.刻度,衡量,比例,数值范围,比例尺,天平,等级vt.依比例决定,攀登,测量7. inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的8. predominance n.优势9. at a loss 困惑10. fading n.褪色,枯萎,衰退11. textile n.纺织品 adj.纺织的12. sweep into 涌入13. on the rope (爬山者)用绳相互系在一起14. semiconductor n.[物] 半导体15. at the heart of 关键16. casualty n.伤亡17. prosperity n.繁荣18. sensational adj.使人感动的, 非常好的19. look back on 回忆20. struggling adj.奋斗的, 努力的, 苦斗的21. devalued 减值的, 贬值的22. yield to 屈服, 让步23. on a diet 吃规定的饮食24. quick-witted 机智25. executive adj.实行的, 执行的, 行政的 n.执行者, 经理主管人员26. think tank n.智囊团27. drop to 下降到,跌到28. maturity n.成热, 完备, (票据)到期, 成熟29. universal adj.普遍的, 全体的, 通用的, 宇宙的, 世界的30. mortality n.死亡率31. excess n.过度, 剩于, 无节制, 超过, 超额 adj.过度的, 额外的32. crucial adj.至关紧要的33. depend on 依赖,依靠34. kilogram n.[物]千克, 公斤35. variation n.变更, 变化, 变异, 变种, [音]变奏, 变调36. due to adv.由于, 应归于37. suicide n.自杀, 自毁, 给自己带来伤害或损失的行为38 . fertile adj.肥沃的, 富饶的, 能繁殖的39. religious adj.信奉宗教的, 虔诚的, 宗教上的, 修道的,严格的 n.僧侣, 尼姑, 修道士40. offspring n.(单复数同形)儿女, 子孙, 后代, 产物41. take advantage of 利用42. diminish v.(使)减少, (使)变小43. tribal adj.部落的, 种族的44. mediocrity n.平常, 平庸之才45. biological adj.生物学的46. utopia n.乌托邦, 理想的完美境界, 空想的社会改良计划47. physical adj.身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的 n.体格检查48. transform vt.转换, 改变, 改造, 使...变形 vi.改变, 转化, 变换n.[数]变换(式), [语]转换49 . ignorant of 不懂, 不知道50. organic adj.器官的, 有机的, 组织的, 建制的51. beyond prep.在(到)...较远的一边, 超过, 那一边 adv.在远处 n.远处52. comprehension n.理解, 包含53. descendant n.子孙, 后裔, 后代54. find out v.找出, 发现, 查明(真相等), 认识到, 想出, 揭发55. advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹56. aim at v.瞄准, 针对57. farfetched adj.牵强的58. be regarded as 视为59. with regard to adv.关于60. case n.事, 病例, 案例, 情形, 场合, 讼案, 容器, (语法)格61. literature n.文学(作品), 文艺, 著作, 文献62. in brief 简单扼要地63. consequently adv.从而, 因此64. undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受65. require vt.需要, 要求, 命令66. pour out v.诉说, 倾吐67. unhampered adj.无妨碍的,无阻碍的68. make up v.弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆,补足,拼凑69. imitate vt.模仿, 仿效, 仿制, 仿造 v.模仿70. at will adv.随意, 任意71. confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的72. upsetting adj.令人心烦意乱的,令人苦恼的73. proposition n.主张, 建议, 陈述, 命题74. call for v.要求, 提倡, 为...叫喊, 为...叫75. essentially adv.本质上, 本来76. aimlessness adj.无目的的, 没有目标的77. envy n.vt.羡慕, 嫉妒78. male-dominated 男性主宰的79. questioning 质问80. sacrifice n.牺牲, 献身, 祭品, 供奉 v.牺牲, 献出, 献祭, 供奉81. rigid adj.刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的82. in addition n.加, 加起来, 增加物, 增加, 加法83. emphasis on 强调84. mechanical adj.机械的, 机械制的, 机械似的, 呆板的85. show up v.揭露, 露出, 露面86. test n.测试, 试验, 检验 v.测试, 试验, 检验87. committee n.委员会88. frustration n.挫败, 挫折, 受挫89. drop out v.不参与, 离去, 放弃90. incident n.事件, 事变 adj.附带的, 易于发生的91. violence n.猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴92. assault n.攻击, 袭击 v.袭击93. outcry n.大声疾呼94. conservative adj.保守的, 守旧的 n.保守派95. emphasis n.强调, 重点96. minister n.部长, 大臣97. raise eyebrow 质疑地98. have more to do with 与…有关99. centralization n.集中, 中央集权化100. isolated adj.隔离的,孤立的, 单独101. commute v.交换, 抵偿, 减刑, <电工>整流102. crowded adj.拥挤的, 塞满的103. distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫104. destiny n.命运, 定数105. vitality n.活力, 生命力, 生动性106. admired v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕107. in an odd way 奇怪的是108. hypocrisy n.伪善109. barn n.[农]谷仓, 畜棚, 畜舍, 机器房110. in demand 需求111. decade n.十年, 十112. confess v.承认, 坦白, 忏悔113. pushing adj.有进取心的, 有冲劲的, 急切的114. acquisitive adj.想获得的, 有获得可能性的, 可学到的115. vulgar adj.粗俗的, 庸俗的, 普通的, 通俗的, 本土的 n.<古>平民, 百姓116. materialism n.唯物主义117. radical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激进的 n.激进分子118. journalist n.新闻记者, 从事新闻杂志业的人119. advocating n.提倡者, 鼓吹者 vt.提倡, 鼓吹120. participatory adj.供人分享的121. exceptional adj.例外的, 异常的122. formulation n.用公式表示, 明确地表达, 作简洁陈述123. at all costs adv.( =at any cost)不惜任何代价, 无论如何124. public n.公众, (特定的)人群, 公共场所adj.公众的, 公共的, 公立的, 公用的125. unimpressive adj.不令人信服的, 无印象的, 印象淡薄的126. as a result adv.结果127. admired v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕128. fixed adj.固定的, 确定的, 准备好的, 固执的, 不易发挥的,<美口>(在经济上)处境...的129. stirring adj.激动人心的, 活跃的, 忙碌的130. prompting n.促进, 激励, 提示131. profess v.表示132. get on v.生活, 融洽相处, 进展, (使)前进, <口> 赶快, 发迹, 进展翻译部分1. act on v.对...起作用, 按...行动, 作用于2. welfare n.福利, 安宁, 幸福, 福利事业, 社会安全 adj.福利的3. be bound up with 密切相关4. rest upon 依赖于5. secor 距离连续校正6. step up v.走近, 逐步增加, 提升, 提高7. utilize vt.利用8. the best advantage 最大利益9. interfere vi.干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰10. in any case adv.无论如何11. manpower n.人力12. remarkable adj.不平常的, 非凡的, 值得注意的, 显著的13. be exposed to 遭受, 暴露于...14. innovation n.改革, 创新15. industrialized adj.工业化的16. pattern n.模范, 式样, 模式, 样品, 格调, 图案 vt.模仿, 仿造, 以图案装饰vi.形成图案17. spread n.伸展, 展开, 传播, 蔓延, 酒席, 宴会, 桌布v.伸展, 展开, 铺, 涂, 敷, 摆, 传播, 散布18. undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受19. concern vt.涉及, 关系到 n.(利害)关系, 关心, 关注, 关注, 所关心的是20. appropriate adj.适当的21. put them into effect 付诸实施2008年重点词组与词汇阅读理解部分1. specialization n.特殊化, 专门化, 特化作用2. response to 回答,反应,响应3. accumulation n.积聚, 堆积物4. split up 分裂5. no clear-cut distinction 没有绝对的区别6. amateur n.业余爱好者, 业余艺术家7. connotation n.含蓄, 储蓄的东西(词、语等), 内涵8. integrate into 融入到……中去9. community n.公社、团体、社会10. in particular 特别是11. consequent adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的12. imply vt.暗示, 意味13. participation in 参与14. illustrate vt.举例说明, 图解, 加插图于, 阐明15. in terms of 根据16. geology n.地质学, 地质概况17. definition n.定义, 解说, 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度18. acceptable to adj.可接受的, 合意的19. incorporate adj.合并的, 一体化的 vt.合并, 组成公司20. make entrance to 接近21. be reinforced by 加强22. refereeing n.仲裁人, , [体]裁判员 v.仲裁,23. underway adj.起步的,进行中的, 航行中的24. be reckoned as vt.计算, 估计,25. a great deal of 大量26. in the interest of 对……有利27. universalize access 普遍可以获得28. digital divide 数字鸿沟29. impoverished adj.穷困的, 无力的,用尽了的30. sovereignty n.君主, 主权, 主权国家31. distrust vt./n.不信任32. credibility n.可信性33. turn out to be 结果是34. factual adj.事实的, 实际的35. combine with v.与... ...结合36. head-scratching 令人头痛的37. puzzlement n.迷惑38. plug vt.堵, 插栓 n.塞子, 插头, 插销39. conventional adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的40. narrative adj.叙述性的 n.叙述41. disconnect v.拆开, 分离, 断开42. resident n.居民 adj.居住的, 常驻的43. community n.团体, 共有, 一致, 共同体,44. at random 随意的45. maid n.少女, 女仆46. put down root 扎根47. elite n.<法>[集合名词]精华, 中坚分子48. root in 扎根于49. clash n.冲突, 撞击声,50. sponsor n.发起人, vt.发起, v.赞助51. symposium n.讨论会, 座谈会52. be dedicated to adj.专注的, 献身的53. diversity n.差异, 多样性54. there's no question that 毫无疑问55. multinational corporation 跨国公司56. account for v.说明, 占, 解决, 得分57. affiliate v.(使...)加入, 接受为会员58. underlie vt.位于...之下, 成为...的基础59. scanty adj.缺乏的, ,俭省的,60. be broken up 坏掉的61. watch n.注视,手表62. supervise v.监视,监督63. lender n.出借人, 贷方64. gigantic adj.巨人般的, 巨大的65. take upon 承担66. lateral n.侧部, adj.横(向)的, 侧面的67. profile n.剖面, 侧面, 外形, 轮廓68. in the manner of 以... ...方式69. disgraced n.耻辱, 丢脸的人(或事) v.玷污70. passionate adj.充满热情的71. advocate n.提倡者 vt.提倡,72. preach v.鼓吹73. resignation n.辞职, 辞职书, 放弃,74. doctrine n.教条, 学说75. voluntary simplicity 自愿简朴76. breed v.(使)繁殖, 教养, n.品种,77. cling-film 薄膜78. dropping out n.滴下, 滴下物, 空投,79. redundancy n.裁员翻译部分:1. offend v.犯罪, 冒犯, ,得罪,2. equip with 装备3. personality n.个性, ,人物,4. futurologist n.未来学家5. dramatically adv.戏剧地, 引人注目地6. piece together 拼凑在一起7. pick up 偶然碰到8. integration n.综合9. synthetic adj.合成的, 人造的,10. appliance n.用具, 器具11. kitchen-rage 厨房狂躁症2002年重点词组与词汇阅读理解部分:1. indentify v.确定,证明2. relevant to 有关的,相应的3. in sympathy with 同情4. depend on 依赖,依靠5. refer to v.查阅, 提到, 谈到,6. secretary n.秘书, 书记, 部长,7. alternatively adv.做为选择, 二者择一地8. addressing 寻址, 选择, 选址9. comment on 评论10. convention n.大会, 协定, 习俗,11. arrive in 到达12. show around 参观13. accommodation n.住处, 膳宿14. push aside 把. . . . . .推开,避开15. stomp n.跺脚16. position n.位置17. common to 共同的,公共的,公用的18. appropriate adj.适当的19. inedible adj.不适于食用的,20. notorious adj.声名狼籍的21. resent v.愤恨, 怨恨22. disparaging adj.蔑视的, 毁谤的,23. scapegoat n.替罪羊24. off-the-cuff 即兴的25. familiar adj.熟悉的, n.密友,26. exaggeration n.夸张, 夸大之词27. understandment n.理解28. pick out 挑选29. inject vt.注射, 注入30. ingenuity n.机灵, 独创性, 精巧,31. cope with 对付,应对32. burdensome adj.繁重的, 烦累的,33. result in 导致34. confer n.商讨,授予35. version n.译文, 译本,36. as a result 结果是37. gizmos n.小发明38. universal adj.普遍的, 通用的, 宇宙的,39. hum to v.嗡嗡叫, 哼40. assembly n.集合, 装配,41. automated adj.自动化的42. terminal n. 终端, adj.末期, 每期的,43. control v.控制44. miniaturization n.小型化45. submillimeter n.微米46. supervision n.监督, 管理47. at least 至少48. interact vi.互相作用, 互相影响49. despite prep.不管, 尽管, 不论50. initial adj.最初的, 词首的, n.词首大写字母51. in attempting to 企图52. a fraction of n.小部分, 片断, 分数53. irrelevant adj.不相关的54. instantaneous adj.瞬间的, 即刻的,55. suspicious adj.(~ of) 可疑的, 怀疑的56. neuroscientist n.神经科学家57. return vi.归还58. jump vi.跳跃,上涨59. scary adj.引起惊慌的60. quadruple adj.四倍的, 四重的, n.四倍61. suspend vt.吊, 悬挂v.延缓62. consequence n.结果, [逻]推理, 因果关系,63. severe adj.严厉的, 剧烈的, 严重的,64. effect n.结果, 影响, vt.招致,达到(目的等)65. sensitive to adj.敏感的, 灵敏的, 感光的66. conservation n.保存, 保持, 守恒67. intensive adj.强烈的,68. consumption n.消费, 消费量, 肺病69. consultancy n. -cies 顾问(工作)70. estimate v.估计, 估价, 评估71. compared with 相比72. commodity n.日用品73. supreme adj.极度的, 极大的, 最高的74. implicaton n.暗示75. constitutional adj.构成的, 宪法的,76. intend vt.想要,意指,77. foresee vt.预见, 预知78. permissible adj.可允许的,79. justify v.证明...是正当的80. morphine n.吗啡81. principle n.法则, 原则, 原理82. mediation n.仲裁, 调停, 调解83. maintain vt.维持, 供养, 主张84. prescribe v.指示, 规定, 处(方),85. legitimate adj.合法的, 合理的, v.合法86. homicide n.谋杀87. community n. 团体,共同体, 共有, 共同体,88. acknowledge vt.承认, 答谢, 报偿89. prolonged vt.延长, 拖延90. ineffectual adj.无效的, 不成功的91. hospice n.旅客住宿处, 收容所,92. therapy n.治疗93. to the extent that 大意是说94. systematic adj.系统的, 体系的95. presumptively adv.假设地96. incompentently adv.不合格地翻译部分:1. major adj.主修的, 成年的,2. behavior n.举止, 行为3. similar adj.相似的, 类似的4. discard vt.丢弃, 抛弃5. remain vi.保持, 逗留, 剩余,6. obscure adj.暗的, 模糊的,7. interaction n.交互作用, 交感8. prescientific adj.科学以前的,9. entrench v.以壕沟防护10. illustrate vt.举例说明, 图解,11. responsibility n.责任, 职责2009年重点词组与词汇阅读理解部分:1. spymaster n.间谍组织的首脑2. lay the root for 打下基础3. be fascinated with 着迷4. believe in 相信5. espionage n.间谍, 侦探6. reshape vt.改造, 再成形,7. vocation n.召唤, 职业8. electronic adj.电子的9. decade n.十年, 十10. point-and-click 点击11. intelligence n.智力, 聪明, 智能12. increasingly adv.日益, 愈加13. influential adj.有影响的, 有势力的14. compile vt.编译, 编辑, 汇编15. by a large margin 大幅度16. advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益17. mastery n.掌握18. private adj.私人的, 私有的,19. corporation n.[律]社团, 法人,20. prediction n.预言, 预报21. mutually adv.互相地, 互助22. distribution n.分配,23. vacum up 清空24. predict v.预知, 预言, 预报25. sign-up 登记26. staff n.棒, 全体职员, vt.供给人员,27. back-and-forthing 来来回回28. dramatic adj.戏剧性的, 生动的29. declaration n.宣布, 宣言,30. take pride in 骄傲31. independent n.中立派, adj.独立自主的,32. paraphrase n.短语,措词33. triumph n.胜利, 成功 v.获得胜利34. misguide vt.误导35. seek to v.寻找, 探索,36. biomedical adj.生物(学和)医学的37. rull out 排除38. advocate n.提倡者, vt.提倡,39. advance in n.前进, v., 预付adj.前面的40. allegation n.主张,断言, 辩解41. cruelty to n.残忍, 残酷42. perplexed adj.困惑的, 不知所措的43. deliberately adv.故意地44. staffing 安置职工45. fair adj.美丽的, (头发)金黄的,公平的, (天气)晴朗的46. distributing v.分配,分发,分布47. encourage vt.鼓励, 怂恿48. immunization n.使免除, 使免疫49. vaccine adj.疫苗的, n.疫苗50. epidemic adj.流行的, n.时疫,51. compassionate adj.富于同情心的52. molecular adj.[化]分子的, 由分子组成的53. make clear 弄清楚54. connection between 联系55. hip n., 忧郁 adj.熟悉内情的56. at best adj.最好的 adv.最好地57. at worst adj.最坏的, 最差的58. editor n.编辑, 编辑器, 编者59. lest conj.唯恐, 以免,60. misinformation n.误报, 误传61. institution n.公共机构, 协会,62. ultimate adj.最后的, 最终的,63. citizenry n.公民成市民(集合称)64. ember n.灰烬, 余烬65. combine with v.与...结合66. merge into v.合并, 并入,67. heightened v.提高, 升高68. monopoly n.垄断, 垄断者,69. account for v.说明, 占, 得分70. freight n.货物, 运费, vt.装货,71. allow for v.虑及, 体谅72. substantial adj.坚固的, 实质的,73. coordinated n.同等者, adj.同等的, vt.调整,74. fierce competition from 激烈的竞争75. commodity n.日用品76. have them by throat 控制77. consolidation n.巩固, 合并78. captive n.俘虏, adj.被俘的,79. compete for 为... ...竞争80. appeal to v.呼吁, 上诉, 有吸引力81. federal adj.联邦的,同盟的82. extreme adj.尽头的,最后的 n.极端,83. discrimination against n.辨别, 歧视84. on the grounds 在... ...基础上85. in the long run 从长远看86. have the option of 有... ...的选择权87. subscribe v.捐款, 签署(文件),88. in practice 实际上89. position n.位置, 阵地 vt.安置,90. flourish vi.繁荣,91. despite prep.不管, 尽管,92. fortune n.财富, 命运93. cheer on 鼓励94. transaction n.学报,处理事务95. grip vt.紧握, 紧夹96. pressing adj.紧迫的 v.挤压97. inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的98. optional adj.可选择的, 随意的99. hip n. 忧郁 adj.熟悉内情的100. clinical depression 临床忧郁症101. surgical adj.外科的, n.外科病房,102. failure to 未能做某事103. disintegrate vt.(使)分解, (使)碎裂104. perish vi.毁灭,枯萎105. shield n.防护物, vt.(from) 保护,106. inability to n.无能, 无力107. unsustainable adj.不能证实的108. sustain vt.支撑, 撑住, 维持, 持续109. have a duty to 有责任110. get out of 排除。
2005—2011考研英语一真题翻译解析及复习思路
第四部分阅读理解C部分历年试题解析1.(2011年)意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境一.文章结构分析本文节选自TomButler-Bowdon所着励志读物《自助经典50篇》(FiftySelf-helpClassics)中的第一章:詹姆斯·爱伦(JamesAllen)。
作者对爱伦的《思考的人》一书予以评论,对书中的观点进行解释和提炼。
本文哲理丰富,具有一定的警示和启迪作用,但语言较为抽象。
主要考查的知识点包括:各类从句,并列结构、被动语态、以及根据上下文选择词义。
第一段:提出爱伦《思考的人》一书的主旨观点:意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境。
第二、三段介绍爱伦关于“意识和行为”的观点。
从人们普遍认同的观点“意识独立于物质存在,)拿②assumpuon被定语从句和同位语从句两个从句修饰。
可以将较短的定语从句译为“的”字结构的定语;较长的同位语从句可以采用拆译法,单独成句,也可以放在中心词前面,用复指代词“这个,这一”来连接。
3.词义确定(1)take一词词义繁多,且都易于和名词搭配为动宾结构,如:“拿出(接受,形成)一个……假设”的表达都成立。
因此应根据后文对此假设性质的说明“大家普遍接受;爱伦证实为伪”排除“形成,接受”,确定译为“拿出”。
(2)erroneous一词考生可能感觉有些生疏,但只要能知道它和error同源,就不难推断出其含义为“错误的”。
爱伦的贡献在于,他拿出“我们并不是机器人,所以能控制自己思想”这一公认的假设,并揭示了其谬误所在。
[考生实例]例1我们都认同这样的假说:因为我们不是机器人,所以能控制自己的思想。
爱伦的贡献在于他提出这一假设并揭示其错误本质。
(2分)例2爱伦的贡献在于他拿出“我们不是机器人,所以能够控制自己思想”这一我们都分享的假说,而且揭示了这一假设的谬误所在。
(1.5分))wearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion...时需要增译“但是,还是,依然”等,构成呼应,使行文更流畅。
考研英语(一)真题核心词汇
考研英语(一)真题核心词汇Part AText 1hire v.雇佣director n.主管announcement n.宣布;宣告appointment n.任命response n.反应;响应favorable a.支持的,赞成的sober-sided a.认真的comparatively adv.相比较而言advocate v.支持;拥护unpretentious a.谦逊的formidable a.极出色的conductor n.指挥orchestra n.管弦乐队shelf n.架子orchestral a. 管弦乐队的hitherto adv.至今;迄今faint a.微弱的praise n.赞扬impressive a.印象深刻的composition n.作品 a variety of 多种多样的boot up 启动devoted a.深爱的concert n.演唱会reply v.回复substitute n.代替品live a.现场的instrumentalist n.乐器演奏家opera n.歌剧dance troupe 舞蹈队available a.可用的;可得到的availability n.可用性consume v.消费institution n.习俗;建立program v.编曲note v.观察;注意到be capable of 能够markedly adv.显著地vibrant a.活跃的organization n.机构repertoire n.全部节目incur v.招致criticism n.批评raise v.引起suspicion n.怀疑acclaim n.欢呼arouse v.引起talented a.有才华的reject v.拒绝exaggerate v.夸大overestimate v.高估revitalize v.复兴be inferior to 比…差;低的的accessible a.可使用的masterpiece n.杰作enthusiastic a.热情的;热心的depart v.离开,离任president n.总裁straight up 直率的vague a.含糊的rather than 而非;而不是cloak v.隐藏,掩盖pursue v.追求board n.董事会broadcast v.宣布reflect on v.反思aspiration n.志向;抱负scrutinize v.仔细审查succession n.继任shareholder n.股东turbulent a.动荡的sign n.迹象cautious of 小心的,谨慎的pronouncement n.声明turnover n.变动cloud their reputation 使声誉蒙上阴影recovery n.经济复苏deputy chief 副手们stick with 继续支持;保持联系pick up 复苏abound for 大量存在unconventional a.标新立异的adhere to 坚持candidate n.候选人frank a.坦率的poached a.挖来的decade n.十年tiny a.小型的commodity n.货品institution n.机构recruiter n.招聘人员disgrace n.羞耻;丢脸fade v.淡化fundamentally adv.根本地invert v.颠覆arrogant a.傲慢的impulsive a.冲动的spur v.刺激strained a.紧张的approve of 批准,赞同cling to v.坚守out-dated a. 过时的rough a.粗放的,大概的media n.媒体commercial n.广告exploit v.利用print advertisement 平面广告alternative a.其他的,可替换的alert n.提醒register v.注册approach v.接近;接触initiator n.发起人;发动者retailer n.零售商define …as …把…定义为content n.内容infancy n.初期property n.财产complementary a.互补的objective a.客观的appeal n.吸引力dramatic a.戏剧化的voice v.发出声音visible a.可视的damaging a.有威力的hijack v.劫持asset n.资产campaign n.活动hostage n.人质negative a.负面的stakeholder n.投资人activist n.激进分子allegation n.陈述;指控boycott v.抵制originally adv.最初地sufficient a.足够的thoughtful a.考虑周全curve n.曲线steep a.陡峭alleviate v.减轻;缓和recall crisis 召回危机engage with 面对insightful a.见解独到的provocative a.富有煽动性的cover story 封面故事chatter n.议论纷纷;唠叨的话rear v.=raise v.养育;抚养fulfilling a.有成就感的life-enriching a.生活充实的misery n.痛苦miserable a.痛苦的redefine v.重新定义past-tense 过去时的dampen v.使沮丧source n.来源intense a.热烈的;强烈的gratification n.满足image n.印象newsstand n.杂志adoptive a.收养的pregnant a.怀孕的feature v.刻画celebrity n.明星persistently adv.一直地procreation n.生育equivalent a.相同的compare …to …与…相比folk n.父母parenthood n.父母身份unrealistic a.不现实的lean on 依靠dumb a.愚蠢的glamorous a.富有魅力的subconscious a.潜意识的temporary a.暂时的in retrospect 回顾permanent a.永久的gossip n.闲言闲语的聊天be exposed to 接触convey v.传递;表达soothing a.令人舒畅的ambiguous a.模凌两可的compensatory a.补偿的intensify v.加剧Section I Use of Englishphilosopher n.哲学家view…as…把…视为precious a.珍贵的claim v.声称function n.功能blood vessel 血管oxygen consumption 耗氧量jogging n.慢跑strain v.拉紧muscle n.肌肉apparently adv.明显地accomplish v.达到decrease v.降低muscle tone 肌张力die down 减弱;平息conceivable adv.可能partially adv.部分地psychological stress 心理压力classical a.经典的flow v.流动artificial a.做作的lip n.嘴唇enthusiastically adv.热情地contract v.收缩frown n.皱眉reflect v.反映;反思produce v.引起,产生stabilize v.稳定boost v.促进;提高impair v.削弱;损害transmit v.传递;传送sustain v.使保持measurable a.明显的average a.平均的aggravate v.恶化;加剧moderate v.缓和;减轻enhance v.增强;加强internal a.体内的;内心的due to 因为;由于as for 至于;关于exhaust v.耗尽;使筋疲力尽precede v.在…之前,先于suppress v.抑制;镇压indifferent a.漠不关心的cater to 迎合;投合mention v.提及;谈到consequently adv.因此conversely adv.相反地Part BText 1mindlessly adv.无意识的unconscious a.无意识的unaware a.无意识的auto-pilot n.自动导航routine n.常规;惯例track n.路线;痕迹unreflecting a.不思考的herd n.人群;兽群implication n.含意paradoxical a.自相矛盾的context n.环境;背景innovation n.创新dismiss v.拒绝考虑;否认inherently adv.内在地;固有地rut n.车辙deliberately adv.故意的;有意的bypass v.绕过,绕开fascination n.着迷;入迷capacity n.能力work through 解决approach v.对付;处理adolescence n.青春期preserve v.保留;保存highlight v.强调collaborative a.合作的;协作foster v.培育;促进casual a.偶然的;不经意的mechanical a.机械的formation n.构成series n.一系列characteristics n.特点comply with 遵守;复合derive from 来源于;源自activate v.使活跃;激活confirm v.确定shell out 支付paternity n.父亲的身份kit n.成套工具;用品purchase v.购买available a.可用的;可得到的prescription n.处方dozen n.十二range v.在…范围内kinship n.亲属关系track down 追踪,追查rage n.狂怒;盛怒genealogist n.家谱学家geographic a.地理学的swab v.用药签擦洗salvia n.唾液skeptical a.怀疑的precision n.准确性hawk v.叫卖;兜售ancestry n.世系ancestor n.祖先lineage n.血统inherit v.继承;遗传systematically adv.有系统地lump sth together 把…混到一块region n.区域be subject to 可能受…影响的process v.加工;处理flexibility n.弹性;灵活性identify v.确定disorganized a.杂乱无章的overlap v.重叠comparison n.相比;比较alike adv.同样的progress n.进步undoubtedly adv.毫无置疑地priority n.当务之急institution n.所;院consistently adv.一贯地;始终如一地peak n.顶峰radically adv.根本地;彻底地productivity n.生产力;生产效率deride v.嘲笑;讽刺ironically adv.具有讽刺意味地recession n.衰退;萧条bubble n.气泡;泡沫automotive-assembly adj.汽车装配的counter-part n.作用相当的事物illiterate a.不识字的;文盲的complexity n.复杂性humanity n.人类trap n.困境constrain v.限制;束缚substantially adv.大量地;客观地bias n.偏见foreseeable a.可预知的;能预测的groundless a.无根据的victim n.受害者;牺牲品downgrade v.低估overestimate v.高估disciplined a.遵守纪律的quote v.引用emerge v.出现;兴起thoroughly adv.彻底地;详尽地intellectual n.知识分子minister n.牧师philosophy n.哲学colonial a.殖民地的attach importance to 重视pursuits n.花时间,精力等做的事preoccupation n.关注,关心unfolding a.发展的;展现的dominant a.主要的;主导的theological a. 神学的distinctive a.独特的,特别的carrier n.传播者adjust to 适应scene n.场面,场景episode n.事件,一连串事件civility n.文明;开化virtuosity n.精湛技巧;高超技艺settler n.定居者impressive a.使人印象深刻的learned a.博学的,有学问的atmosphere n.气氛;氛围earnestness n.认真;真挚let alone 更不用说literary a.文学的intellectualize v.使知识化superstitious a.迷信的emigrate v.移居国外account n.描述;叙述confusion n.困惑frustration n.懊悔;挫折sermon n.布道;讲道commitment n.义务;责任mock v.嘲笑;嘲弄end n.目的;目标liberal a.自由开放的;开明的obsess v.使痴迷;使迷恋motivate v.使有动力;激起illusory a.虚假的;幻觉的prospect n.前景;展望Section I Use of Englishbulb n.灯泡upkeep n.保养;维修fuel n.燃料instinct n.本能species n.物种adaptive a.适应的wistful a.伤感的;惆怅的glance n.一瞥implicitly adv.含蓄地faithfulness n.忠诚inconclusive a.非决定性的threaten v.威胁stable a.稳定的dim a.暗淡的tendency n.趋势inclination n.倾向;意愿insist on 坚持认为spontaneous a.自发的inevitable a.不可避免的indefinite a.不确定的influence n.&v.影响perform v.履行;执行;实施apply v.应用;适用moderate v.缓和fundamental a.基本的;根本的comprehensive a.综合的;全面的equivalent a.相等的hostile a.敌对的intelligence n.智力Part CText 1quarter-century n.25年far-reaching n.影响深远inexorable a. 无情的;冷酷的decline n.下降;减少scope n.范围coverage n.报道criticism n.评论considerable a.大量consist v.包含review n.评论marvel v.感到惊讶learned a.学术的content n.内容deem v.认为suitable a.适合的circulation n.循环remove v.移除;远离newsprint n.新闻用纸stylish a.时髦的ornament v.& n.装饰take sth for granted 认为理所当然event n.事件journalism n.新闻写作calling n.职业literary a.文学的tempt v.勾引;诱惑contempt n.轻蔑contemptible a.可鄙视的apply v.应用virtually adv.事实上solely adv.完全essay n.散文;杂文cricket n.板球foremost a.最重要的knight n.& v.骑士;封爵critic n. 批评家vast a.巨大的save prep.除…之外revival n.复兴;振兴prospect n.前景remote a.遥远的postmodern a.后现代的upholster v. 装潢prose n.散文headlong a.ad.向前retreat v.& n.撤退theme n.主题casual a.随意的elaborate a.精心制作的layout n.布局radical a.激进的fulfill v.实现;履行be capable of 能够appeal to 吸引reputation n.名誉dispute n.质疑;分歧;纠纷cater to 迎合mournful a.悲伤的prominent a.著名的Text 2patent n.专利v.取得专利grant v.授予asset n.资产allocation n.配置technique n.技术scale back 缩减controversial a.引起争议的authorize v.授权;批准abuzz a.嗡嗡的eliminate v.消除;清除curb n.控制;约束dramatic a.戏剧化的approve v.批准;赞成pool v.集中使用explosion n.爆炸mutual-fund a.共有基金的initially adv.首先;起初emerge v.出现stake out 归为己有specific a.具体的,明确的transaction n.交易panel n.陪审团defensive a.防范的;防卫的rival n.对手;竞争者beat sb to the punch 抢的先机hedge v.设置树篱;减少issue v.签发;签署 a series of 一系列narrow v.使狭窄justice n.法官signal v.发信号uphold v.维护;维持attorney n.律师arouse v.引起restriction n.限制comply with 与…一致;遵守dismiss v.驳回hostility n.敌意dignity n.自尊immune a.免疫的esteem n.尊重incidence n.几率loom v.若隐若现prevail v.盛行;流行广生讲词★compelling词根*pel=push推前缀*com-表示共同,四面八方compel表示从各方向共同推进,‘强迫’之意。
学位英语词汇题2005-2011单词总结
学位英语词汇题2005-2011单词总结2005年-2011年学位英语单词总结absurd 荒唐的accurate 准确的adequate 充分的、适当的adoptive 收养的advocate 提倡all at once 突然all but 唯一的例外是、几乎alter 改变alternate 交替ambiguous 意义不明确的、模棱两可的amount to 总计、等于anticipate 期望、先于……行动appal 使惊骇apprehensive 担心的、有领悟能力的appropriately 适当地approval 批准、同意ascribe 归因assembly 集会assess 估计、评估association 交往、联系assured 确定的、深信无疑at times 偶尔at will 随意attach 赋予、附加attach to 附加be accustomed to 习惯于、适应be committed to 承诺、有义务be fed up with 厌烦be pilled up with 堆积成山be tied up with忙于、脱不开身be wrapped up in 被包入beforehand 事先betrayal 背叛better off 更富裕、更有利bewilder 使迷惑boil down to 归结为boost 刺激、提高bring about 导致、使发生bring down 使降低bring forward 提出bring into play 发挥brink 边缘by and by 很快、迟早by and large 总体来说call forth 使产生、引起came off 有效、发生casual 随意的、不关心的chiefly 主要地、尤其clumsy 笨拙的cluster 簇、密集的分布collaboration 合作community 群体compel 强迫compelling 有说服力的compensation 补偿compose 作曲comprehensive 全面的、综合的compromise 让步compulsory 义务的、必须的concentrate 集中condescend 屈尊conducive 有益的confirm 证实conform to 与……一致confrontation 对峙、面临consensus 意见一致consistent一致的consult 咨询contend 竞争、争辩、声称、主张contradictory 矛盾的controversial 有争议的conventional 传统的、常规的conviction 坚信convince 使明白corruption 堕落、腐化cost-effective 划算的crisp 干脆的、新鲜的cutting-edge 先进的、优势的dash 冲刺deem 认为deliberate 故意的、深思熟虑的desirable 可取的、合意的detach 隔离、分开dimension 维度、量度diminish 减少discard 抛弃、放弃dismay 使焦虑dispose of 处理district 地区divert 转移、偏离domain 领域、范围dominate 主导、控制doomed 命中注定的dramatically 戏剧性地、引人注目地draw upon 利用dull 迟钝的、不鲜明的earnest 认真的elapse (时间)过去elegant 优雅的elevate 提高end up 结果是enemy 敌人energetic 精力充沛的enroll 招收、参加enthusiastically 热心地episode 插曲、片断eruption 爆发exasperate 激怒excessive 过度的、过分的exhibition 展览expell 把……开除expose 揭露、接触expose^to 使接触、使面临exposure 接触extend 延伸、扩展extensive 广泛的external 外部的eye-catching 引人注目的fabricate 编造、预制fabricate 编造facilitate 促进、有助于fascination 魅力、迷恋fate 命运favorable 有利的、赞同的、讨人喜欢的fierce opponent 凶猛的对手flock 群、蜂拥而入for good 永远for sure 确切forge 伪造formidable 可怕的、难对付的formulate 制定fragile 易碎的frustrate 使丧气、挫败fullfill 实现、完成genuine 真的get off 下来get rid of 摆脱、排除give rise to 导致、引起give rise to 引起grave 严峻的、严重的gravity 重力、严重性grow out of 出自于habitat 栖息地harmony 和谐harsh 恶劣的、严厉的heart and soul 全心全意地、完全地hearty 发自内心的hollow 空洞的、空的honesty 诚实hospitality 好客、热情household 家用的humanity 人类humble 寒酸的、有自知之明的humidity 湿度ice-breaking 破冰的、打破沉默的illustrate 说明、表明immense 巨大的impose 强迫、利用imprison 下狱impulsive 易冲动的in line with 与……一致in return for 作为……的回报in the case of 至于……in the course of 在……期间in case of 万一in the event of 万一in the light of 鉴于in time for 赶上、在……开始之前inborn 固有的incentive 鼓励、刺激incline 倾向incomparable 没法比较的incompatible 不和谐的incomprehensible 无法理解的inconceivable 不可思议的incurability 无法医治indifferent 漠不关心的inexcusable 不可原谅的inferior 质量差的inherent 内部的、固有的initiative 主动性innovation 创新innovator 改革者insensible无知觉的inspect 检查instinctive 本能的instruction 指示、讲解、授课insulation 绝缘integration 集成integrity 诚实、完整intellectually 智力上intelligibly 清晰地、可理解地intensive 精心的、强化的interaction 相互作用、交往internal 内部的intimately 熟悉、亲密地invest 投资involved 复杂的、关心的irrigation 灌溉irritable 易怒的isolation 隔离jointly 联合地justified 有正当理由的launch 发动legitimate合法的、合理的let go off 松开、放弃live up to 达到、不辜负lucid透明的、易懂的magnificent 宏伟的,壮观的make for 走向make fun of 取乐manifest 明显的manipulate 操纵、控制mate 同伴metabolism 新陈代谢moderate 适度的、中庸的、有节制的modify 修饰momentous 重大的、严重的momentum 动力、冲力neat 整齐的negligible可忽略的nominate 提名、任命nomination 提名not in any circumstances 在任何情况下都不nuclear 核的obligation 义务obscure 无名的、不明朗的obstacle 障碍occasion 时候、原因、引起occupy 占领、忙于offending 冒犯的on behalf of 代表……,为了……的利益on no account 决不on occasion 偶尔on the advice of 根据……的忠告on the grounds of 理由是on the part of 由……表现出的on the point of 马上就on the whole 总体上once for all 只此一次、彻底optimal 最佳的、最好的outlook 前景、观点over time 随时间、终究painstaking 辛苦的patch up 弥补path-breaking 开创性pay off 偿清peculiar 特有的permission 许可、允许persist 坚持、固执persuasion 劝说plea 恳求plunge 投入、陷入poll 调查popularize 使受欢迎、普及pose 形成potential 潜在的、可能的preference 优先的preserve 保护prevail 说服、流行、占主导地位proceed 进行、继续下去prompt 迅速的、立即、引起propagate 传播、繁衍propose 提议prospective 将来的prosperous 成功的、兴旺的pull in 进站、吸引pull out 撤军、撤出pull over 靠向路边pull up 拔出、停下put on 增添、装出rational 合理的readily 乐意地、欣然、容易地reconstruction 重建reflect on 思考、反思regulate 控制、管理、调整reproduction 繁殖、复制reservation 预订reserve 储备reservoir 水库resign 辞职、放弃resolve 决定、解决restrict 限制、约束retreat 退缩revise 修改revolution 革命ridiculous可笑的rigorous 严格的run for 竞选run off 赶走rural 农村的scale规模sensible 明智的、敏感的、明显的set about 着手setback 挫折significantly 显著地sit through 坚持到结束skeptical 怀疑性地slap 拍、用力关slash 砍、抨击、大幅度消减soul-touching 触击灵魂的speculate 推测spontaneous 自发的sprawl 扩散stabilize (使)稳定stand up to 经受stem from 来自于stimulus 刺激straight 连续的strength 力量、优点stroll 散步substantial 实质的、大量的、坚固的、重要的successive 连续的、相继的superficially 表面上sustainable 可持续的swarm 涌入sympathetic 同情的symptom 症状take …with a grain of salt 有保留地相信take a fancy to 喜欢上take on 具有、雇用、承担tally 计数、标记terminate 终止territory 领土theoretical 理论上to some extent 某种程度上tragic 悲剧的tremendous 极大的、绝妙的trifling 不重要的turn up 出现unanimously 全体一致地under way 进行当中underlying force 支撑的力量unpredictable 不可预测的uphold 举起、支持、鼓励upset 打乱、使苦恼utilize 利用vague 不清楚的valid有效的、真实可靠的vanish 不复存在、消失variation 变化vehicle 车辆venture 冒险vertical 垂直的vessel 器皿vest 马甲veteran 老兵vicious 恶意的vigorous 强有力的volcanic 火山的voluntary 自愿的、义务的willingly 愿意work off 偿还、完成20080106 B卷Section A21. uneasy adj.心神不安的,担心的,忧虑的A difficult adj.心神不安的,担心的,忧虑的B excite vt.使激动,使兴奋;引起,激起C relieved vt.使轻松(宽慰);缓解;调剂;接替D restless adj.焦躁不安的;静不下来的,运动不止的22. stick to粘贴在…上;紧跟;坚持,忠于,信守A turn to求助于,求教于,查阅B add to 加,增加C keep to遵守,信守;坚持D lead to导致;导向23. virtually adv.实际上,事实上A subjectively adj.主观(上)的,个人的B imaginably adj.想象中的,假想的,虚构的C positively adv.确实;断然;绝对D practically adv.几乎,简直;实际上24. taxing n.税(款);负担vt.征税;使费尽力气A imposing vt.(on)强加于;征(税等),处以(罚款等)B demanding n.要求;需要vt.要求;需要;询问C compulsory adj.必须做的,强制性的,(课程)必修的D temporary adj.暂时的,临时的25. accountable for 对...应付责任A responsible for 承担责任的;有责任感的;重要的B indifferent to 不关心地;冷淡地C desperate for 绝望地;拼命地D involved in 复杂的,有密切关系的26. facility (使事情便利的)设备,工具in terms of 用…的话;按照,从…方面来说A in units of 在什么单位上,以什么为单位B with reference to 参照什么C in aspects of 在什么方面上D on condition of 在什么条件下27. weird a.古怪的,离奇的;怪诞的,神秘而可怕的A mighty a.强大的B prospective a.预期的,未来的,可能的C odd a.奇特的;临时的;奇数的;n.[ pl.]机会D formidable a.可怕的;难以克服的,难对付的28. toll n.过路(桥)费;损失,伤亡人数v.敲(钟)A destruction n.破坏,毁灭,消灭B contribution n.贡献,促成作用;捐款,捐献物;投稿C charge n.费用;管理vt.要价;指控vi.收费;冲锋D origin n.起源,来源,起因[常pl.]出身,血统29. attachment n.附着;附件;爱慕A hospitality n.(对客人的)友好款待,好客B affection n.喜爱,感情,爱慕之情C appeal n.呼吁;感染力;上诉v.呼吁;上诉D frustration n.挫折,阻挠30. reconcile vt.使协调;使和解;使顺从(甘心)(于)A submissive a.服从的B resistant a.(to)抵抗的,抗…的,耐…的C tolerable a.容忍的;还不错的D committed vt.犯(错误等),干(蠢事等);调拨…供使用Section B31. A in order按顺序;整齐,井然有序,处于良好状态B in place在合适的位置C in need 有需要D in trouble陷入困境,倒霉32. A changing v.改变;交换;兑换n.变化;更换;零钱B differing vi.不同,相异;(在意见方面)发生分歧C varying vi.变化,有不同vt.改变,使不同D ranging n.一系列;幅度vi.变动;涉及vt.排成行33. A conservation n.保存,(对自然资源的)保护,避免浪费B reservation n.预订;保留;(印第安人的)居留地C exhaustion n.疲惫,耗尽D devastation 毁坏34. A confined vt.限制;使不外出,禁闭n.[ pl.]界限,范围B inhibited a.拘谨的,拘束的C obliged vt.迫使;施恩于,帮…的忙;使感激D restricted vt.限制,约束,限定35. A both a.两个…(都) pron.两者(都),双方(都)B either ad.[否]也a./ pron.(两者中)任何一个,每方C alike a.同样的,相像的ad.一样地;同程度地D apart ad.相间隔;分离; a.分离(隔)的36. A oversea 海外B abroad ad.到国外,在国外;在传播,在流传C foreign a.外国的;对外的;(to)无关的D offshore a./ ad.离岸的(地);近海的(地)37. A manipulate vt.操纵,控制,影响;熟练地使用B regulate vt.管理,控制;调整,调节C dominate vt.占首要地位;支配;俯视vi.拥有优势D prevail vi.流(盛)行;获胜,占优势;劝说,诱使38. A conviction n.确信,坚定的;说服,信服;定罪B assertion n.断言C accusation n.谴责;告发D speculation n.思索,推测,投机39. A run out (of)用完,耗尽;到期,期满B work out算出;弄懂;想出;解决;产生结果C turn out结果是;关掉,旋熄;制造;驱逐D call out 调用40. A goes on 接着,继续B goes for想要获得,选择;袭击;喜爱;适用于C goes without没有;不用D goes about着手做,处理,忙于;(with)常与…交往20080622 A卷Section A21. eliminate vt.排除,消除,根除;淘汰A remove vt.移开;脱下;去掉;把…免职,开除B fabric n.织物,织品,布;构造,结构,组织C enhance vt.提高,增加,加强D utilize vt.利用22. out of order工作不正常的;不按次序;违反会议规程的A in a mess 乱糟糟;B in bad condition 在恶劣的条件下C in short supply 供不应求D in a hurry 匆忙23. suspend 暂停A elevated slightly 稍微升高B cancelled completely 完全取消C delayed frequently 经常延迟D stopped temporarily 暂时停止24. hazard n.危险,公害vt.尝试着做;冒…风险A adventures n.异乎寻常的经历,奇遇;冒险(活动)B pleasures n.高兴,满足;令人高兴的事物,乐事C dangers ad.危险D consequences n.结果,后果;重要(性),重大25. deliver vt.投递交;发表;接生;给予;解救,拯救A distribute vt.分发,分送,分配;使分布,散布B produce vt.生产,产生;显示;制作n.(农)产品C liberate vt.解放,使获自由;释出,放出D express vt.表示;快运n.快车(运) a./ ad.特快(的)26. hold v.拿;保持;掌握;主持n.握住;掌握;船舱A contain vt.包含,容纳;控制,抑制B fasten vt.扎牢,系牢C grasp vi抓紧,抓牢;理解,领会D apply vi.申请,请求;适用vt.使用;敷27. validity n.有效,正当A efficiency n.效率,效能,功效B soundness n.声音v.响;听起来a.合理的ad.酣畅地C availability a.现成可使用的,可利用的;可得到的D contribution n.贡献,促成作用;捐款,捐献物;投稿28. for good 永久地A permanently ad.永久地;持久地B alternatively a.两者择一的;另类的n.取舍;选择余地C temporarily ad.暂时地D desirably a.值得拥有的;可取的,有利的29. myth n.杜撰出来的人(或事物);神话A fairy tale 童话故事B absolute truth 绝对真理,绝对真实C mistaken idea 错误认识,错误观点D big controversy 巨大争议30. tender heart 温柔之心A sympathetic a.体谅的;(to)赞同的;和谐的B mild a.温和的,温柔的;温暖的;轻微的C concerned a.有关的;担心的D feeble a.虚弱的,衰弱的,无力的;无效的,无益的Section B31. A turn out结果是;关掉,旋熄;制造;驱B figure out 想出,理解,明白C look out 留神;注意D put out 关(灯);出版,发布;伸出;生产32. A identification n.身份证明;鉴定,验明,认出;认同B realization n.实现;认识C admission n.准许进(加)入;入场费(卷);承认D recognition n.识别;确认,认可;赏识,表彰33. A president n.总统,主席;(大学)校长,董事长B secretary n.秘书;书记;部长,大臣C governor n.州长,地方长官;主管,理事,董事D premier n.总理,首相 a.首要的,首次的34. A consistent a.坚持的,一贯的;一致的,符合的B constant a.始终如一的;不断的;忠实的n.常数,恒量C coherent a.条理清楚的,连贯的;协调的D competent a.有能力的,能胜任的35. A interruptions n.停止,中断B interpretations n.解释,说明,诠释;(表演的)艺术处理C imaginations n.想象(力);空想,幻觉;想象出来的事物D interactions n.相互作用,相互影响36. A perspective n.视角,观点;远景;透视画法,透视图B hierarchy n.等级制度;统治集团,领导层C layer n.层,层次D dimension n.方面,特点;尺寸[ pl.]面积,规模,程度37. A fascinated vt.强烈地吸引,迷住B dismayed n.气馁;惊恐vt.使失望;使惊恐C amused n.娱乐;文娱设施D convinced vt.使确信,使信服,说服38. A altitude n.高度,海拔;[ pl.]高处,高地B aptitude n.(学习方面的)才能,资质,天资C magnitude n.重要性,重大;巨大,广大D gratitude n.感激,感谢39. A acquisition n.取得,获得,习得;获得物B attainment n.完成,成就C possession n.所有,占有;[ pl.]所有物D fulfillment n.完成,成就40. A break down损坏;(健康等)垮掉,崩溃B break up 打碎,粉碎;散开,驱散;终止,结束C break through 突围,冲破;取得突破性成就D break into非法闯入,强行进入20090103 B卷Section A21. hierarchy n.等级制度;统治集团,领导层A inventory n.详细目录,存货清单B grading n.等级,级别;成绩;年级vt.分等;评分C accumulation 积累D assessment n.估计;评估22. offspring n.子女,子孙,后代;(动物的)崽A contemporaries a.当代的;同时代的n.同代人,当代人B ancestors n.祖宗,祖先;原型,先驱C descendants n.后裔,后代D neighbors n.邻居;邻近的人(或物),邻国23. staggering a.令人吃惊的A astonishing a.令人惊讶的B swaying v./ n.摇摆,摇动;(使)动摇;C trembling vi./ n.颤抖,哆嗦;摇晃;担心,焦虑D amusing a.有趣的24. in question正在谈论的A under attack 受到攻击B under consideration 正在审议C under suspicion 受到怀疑D under way 正在进行中25. in the light of鉴于,由于A on account of为了…的缘故,因为,由于B by means of 用,依靠C with regard to关于,就…而论D in view of 鉴于,考虑到26. superb a.极好的,高质量的A unique a.唯一的,独一无二的;极不寻常的B splendid a.极好的;壮丽的,豪华的,辉煌的C unbelievable a. 令人难以置信的D imagination n.想象(力);空想,幻觉;想象出来的27. render vt.使得,致使;给予,提供;翻译A deliver vt.投递交;发表;接生;给予;解救,拯救B narrate v.讲,叙述C settle vt.调停;安排;支付vi.定居;(鸟等)飞落D compress vt.压紧,压缩28. address n.地址;演说vt.写地址;演说;对付A speak to 发言B deal with处理,对付;论述,涉及C take down拆,拆卸;记下,写下D go for想要获得,选择;袭击;喜爱;适用于29. posed vt.造成;陈述vi.摆姿势;装腔作势n.姿势A proposed v.提议;提名,推荐;打算,计划;求婚B presented a.出席的;现在的n.现在;礼物vt.赠(送)C predicted vt.预言,预测,预告D prevented vt.预防,防止30. prevailing a.盛行的,流行的A prevalent a.流行的,普遍的B populous a.人口稠密的,人民多的C preceding a.在先的,在前的,前面的D present a.出席的;现在的n.现在;礼物vt.赠(送) Section B31 A counterpart n.与对方地位作用相当的人(或物)B equivalent a.相等的,相当的n.等价物,意义相同的词C average a.平均的;平常的n.平均数v.平均D installation n.装置,设备,设施;安装,设置;就任32. A prototypes n.原型B hypotheses n.假说,假设,前提C fantasies n.想象,幻想;想象的产物D imaginations n.想象(力);空想,幻觉;想象出来的33. A make sense of 有意义的B poke fun at拿…开玩笑,取笑C give rise to引起,导致,为…的原因D let go of松手,放开34. A adds to 增加B objects to 反对C occurs to 时至D amounts to 金额35. A catch sight of发现,突然看见B take advantage of利用,占…的便宜C shed light on同义throw light on使某物清楚显示D get along with进展相处融洽;生活,过活36. A chasing (chase) vt./n.追逐,追捕,追求B pursuing (pursue) vt.继续,从事;追赶,追踪;C sustaining vt.保持;供养,维持;支持;经受D searching n.搜索,寻找,探查37. A tedious a.乏味的,单调的,冗长的B weary a.疲劳的;使人疲劳的vi.厌烦,不耐烦C prestigious a.有名望的,有威信的D notorious a.臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的38. A hamper vt.妨碍,束缚,限制n.有盖的大篮子B motivate vt.作为…的动机,激励,激发C intervene vi.干涉,干预;干扰,阻挠D streamline vt.使成流线型;精简,使效率更高39. A deployed vt.部署,调动B committed vt.犯(错误等),干(蠢事等);调拨…供使用C indulged vt.沉溺(于);纵容,迁就,肆意从事D immersed vt.使浸没;(in)使沉浸在,使专心于40. A opposite prep./ ad.在对面a.对面的n.对立面B organic a.有机(体)的,有机物的C occasional a.偶尔的,间或发生的D optical a.光(学)的;眼的,视力的;视觉的20090621 A卷Section A21. sustain vt.保持;供养,维持;支持;经受A maintain vt.维持;维修,保养;坚持;赡养B endure vt.忍受,容忍vi.忍受,忍耐;持久C support vt./ n.支持,拥护;支撑;供养;证实D suffer vt.遭受;容忍vi.受痛苦;受损,变糟22. ascertain vt.查明,弄清,确定A put out关(灯);出版,发布;伸出;生产B find out找出,查明,发现C wear out穿破,磨损,用坏;(使)疲乏,(使)耗尽D turn out结果是;关掉,旋熄;制造;驱逐23. look set to 似乎确定A fixed a.固定的;确定了的B stereotyped n.老套,固定模式vt.对…形成固定看法C determined a.坚决的;确定的D built vt.建造;创立vi.向顶点发展n.体型,体格24. edge n.边(缘);刃;优势v.侧着移动,徐徐移动A border n.界线;边境vt.加边;毗连vi.(on)接近B superiority n.优越(性),优等C appeal n.呼吁;感染力;上诉v.呼吁;上诉D territory n.领土,版图;领域,范围25. dim a.昏暗的;朦胧的;v.(使)暗淡,(使)模糊A pessimistic a.悲观(主义)的B black a.黑暗的;黑人的v.(使)变黑n.黑色(人)C vague a.含糊的,不明确的,模糊的D positive a.确实的;积极的,肯定的;正的,阳性的26. touched down 降落A launched vt.发动,推出;发射n.发射,下水,投产B operated vi.运转;动手术;起作用vt.操作;经营C landed n.陆地;土地;国家v.(使)靠岸(登陆,降落)D crashed vi.碰撞;垮台vt.撞击;冲n.坠毁;破裂声27. peculiar a.奇怪的;特有的,独具的,独特的A specific a.特定的;具体的n.[ pl.]详情,细节B odd a.奇特的;临时的;奇数的;n.[ pl.]机会C distinct a.不同的;清楚的;明确的,显著的D familiar a.熟悉的,通晓的;冒昧的;非正式的28. withholding vt.拒绝,不给;抑制,制止A keeping off 保持关闭B keeping back阻止,抑制;隐瞒,保留C keeping at 继续做D keeping up (使)继续下去,保持;使居高不下29. obliged vt.迫使;施恩于,帮…的忙;使感激A obligatory a.有义务的B reluctant a.不情愿的,勉强的C indifferent a.冷漠的,不关心的,不积极的;一般的D grateful a.感激的,感谢的30. in the long run从长远看,终究A athletically 运动地B successively 连续地,陆续C ultimately ad.最后,最终,终究D persistently ad.坚持不懈地,执意地;持续地Section B31. A cost n.价格,成本;代价vt.(使)花费;使付出B expense n.价钱,花费,费;[ pl.]开支,业务费用C expenditure n.经费,费用,支出额;花费,支出,消耗D price n.价格,价钱;代价vt.定价(或标价)32. A spent vt.用(钱);花(时间等),度过,消磨B took vt.带(去);做;花费;拿;服用;乘;拍C passed v.经过;传递;通过;流逝n.通行证;通道D consumed vt.消耗;吃完,喝光;(with)使着迷;烧毁33. A interactions n.相互作用,相互影响B interruptions n.停止,中断C interventions n.介入,干涉,干预D institutions n.社会公共机构;制度,习俗;设立,制定34. A clipping n.夹子,别针;弹夹;片断vt.夹住;修剪B clutching vi.企图抓住vt.抓紧n.离合器[ pl.]掌握C clashing vi.冲突;不协调;砰地相撞n.冲突;不协调D clarifying vt.澄清,阐明35. A cordial a.热情友好的,热诚的B compact a.紧凑的;坚实的vt.使坚实n.契约,合同C clumsy a.笨拙的,粗陋的;不得体的,不策略的D chronic a.慢性(病)的;长久的;积习难改的36. A in defiance of违抗,无视B in line with跟…一致C in return for作为(对…的)报答(或回报、交换)D in relation to有关,关于,涉及37. A turn up开大,调大;出现,来到B take up开始从事;把…继续下去;着手处理;占去C step up加快,加速;增加,逐步提高D make up编造,虚构;组成;化妆;补充;和解38. A with prep.和,跟,同;具有;用;关于;随着B in prep.在…里;以;穿着;由于ad.进;到达C from prep.出自;离;去除;从;因为;由;与D about prep.关于;在…周围ad.大约;在附近39. A on purpose故意,有意B on end连续地C on hand在手边,在近处D on average平均40. A amazed vt.使大为惊奇,惊愕B startled vt.使惊吓,使吃惊C wondered v.感到疑惑(好奇),想知道n.惊奇;奇迹D started vt.开始;创办vi.开始;出发;吃惊n.起点20100103 A卷Section A21. chronic a.慢性(病)的;长久的;积习难改的A recent a.新近的,近来的B acute a.严重的,激烈的;敏锐的;急性的;尖的C constant a.始终如一的;不断的;忠实的n.常数,恒量D severe a.严重的;严厉的;严峻的;朴素的22. compromising n.妥协,折中vi.妥协vt.危及,放弃(原则等)A changing v.改变;交换;兑换n.变化;更换;零钱B endangering vt.危及,危害C submitting vi.(to)屈服,听从vt.呈送,提交;主张D composing vt.组成,构成;创作,为…谱曲;使平静23. anticipation n.预期;预料A elimination n.消除;淘汰B designation n.指定,名称,称呼C elevator n.电梯,升降机D expectation n.期待,预期;[ pl.]前程,成功的前景24. swelled the chorus and protestsswelled vi./ n.肿(膨)胀,鼓起;增多;波浪起伏chorus n.合唱队;合唱;副歌vt.齐声说,随声附和protests n.抗议,反对v.抗议,反对A checked v.检查;突然停止n.核对;制止;支票B diminished vi.变少,变小,降低vt.减少,减小C intensified v.(使)增强,(使)加剧D retrieved vt.重新得到,收回;挽回,补救;检索25. proximity n.接近,邻近A vicinity n.周围地区,临近地区B contact n.联系;社会关系;接头vt.联系,接触C relation n.关系,关联;亲属,亲戚D community n.社区,社会;团体,界;(动植物的)群落26. disposed of vi.去掉;处理A get possession of 当收藏B get rid of摆脱,除去,处理掉C hold on to紧紧抓住,坚持D keep track of 与…保持联系27. sprang up 兴起,起初A diverged vi.分歧B separated a.分离的;各别的v.使分离;区分;分居C distinguished vt.区分,辨别;看清,听出D originated vi.起源于,来自vt.创造,创始,开创28. on their own 靠自己A by their own efforts 靠自己的努力B in their own way 用他们自己的方式C in their own interest 以他们自己的兴趣D in their own light 以他们自己的眼光29. narratives n.叙述文,故事;叙述,讲述A attitudes n.态度,看法;姿态,姿势B accounts n.记述;帐(户);解释vi.(for)说明;占C impacts n./v.影响,作用;冲击,碰撞D responses n.回答,答复;反应,响应30. fit in with符合,适应A be converted to 转换为B be superior to 优越于C be in accord with 使符合D be different to 不同于Section B31. A involves vt.包含,含有;使卷入,使参于;牵涉B means n.方法,手段,工具;金钱,财产C takes vt.带(去);做;花费;拿;服用;乘;拍D likes v.喜欢n.[ pl.]相似(物) prep.像a.相像的32. A winning-awardB award-winningC won-awardD award-won33. A in terms of用…的话;按照,从…方面来说B in case of假如,如果发生;防备C in view of鉴于,考虑到D in honor of为了向…表示敬意,为纪念34. A clutches vi.企图抓住vt.抓紧n.离合器[ pl.]掌握B cripples n.跛子,伤残人(或动物) vt.使跛;严重削弱C compels vt.强迫,迫使D conceives vt./ vi.(of)构想出,设想;怀孕35. A take in接受,吸收;包括;领会,理解;欺骗B bringing about 导致,引起C arising from 来自D embarking on 着手进行36. A with …in 在与…B to…for 以…为C about… about 关于…关于…D for… by 为…所37. A interpretations n.解释,说明,诠释;(表演的)艺术处理B approaches v.靠近n.接近,临近;途径;方式,方法C commitments n.承诺,保证;信奉,献身;承担的义务D simulations 模拟,模仿38. A manipulate vt.操纵,控制,影响;(熟练地)使用B accommodate vt.容纳;向…提供住处;使适应,顺应C illuminate vt.照明,照亮;阐明,启发D obligate vt.使负义务;强使;对...施以恩惠39. A possible a.可能的,做得到的;可接受的,合理的B inevitable a.不可避免的,必然(发生)的C optional a.可以任选的,非强制的D liable a.大概的;有法律责任的;易于…的40. A mounts vt.登上;发起vi.增长n.[M-]山,峰B discounts n.折扣vt.把…打折扣;不信,漠视,低估C counts vt.计算;认为vi.计算;值得考虑n.总数D calculates vt.计算,核算;估计,推测;计划,打算201101XX A卷Section A21. literally ad.逐字地,照字面地;真正地;简直A liberally ad.心胸宽阔地;自由(主义)地;慷慨地B wisely ad.明智地,聪明地C actually ad.事实上;实际上D theoretically 理论上地22. incorporated vt.包含,加上,吸收;把…合并,并入A embodied vt.使具体化,体现;包括,包含,收入B excluded vt.把…排斥在外,不包括C immersed vt.使浸没;(in)使沉浸在,使专心于D interpreted vi.口译,翻译vt.解释,说明,诠释23. tend to倾向于A take to开始喜欢;开始从事,形成…的习惯B amount to 合计C attend to 专心于D object to 反对24. once and for all一劳永逸地,永远地A quickly ad.快地;敏捷地B conclusively决定性地,确凿地C universally ad.普遍地D temporarily ad.暂时地25. on the horizon即将发生的A in the distance在远处B soon to happen 即将发生C without a question 没有问题D at first sight乍一看,初看起来26. fueling n.燃料,燃烧剂vt.加燃料(油);刺激A contaminating vt.弄脏,污染B extinguishing vt.熄灭,扑灭;使消亡,使破灭C stimulating vt.刺激,激励D transporting vt.运输n.运输,运输系统,运输工具27. inflicting vt.(on)把…强加给,使遭受,使承担A imposing vt.(on)强加于;征(税等),处以(罚款等)B avoiding vt.避免,预防,避开C compensating v.补偿,弥补,抵消D fabricating vt.捏造,伪造,编造(谎言等);建造,28. fabric n.织物,织品,布;构造,结构,组织A stability n.稳定,稳固B perplexity n.困惑,茫然C evolution演变,进化,发展D structure n.结构,构造;建筑物vt.构造,建造29. discrepancy n.不符合(之处),不一致(之处)A difference n.差别,差异;差,差额;(意见的)分歧B correlation相互关联,关系C conformity n.依照;适合;一致(点)D separation n.分离;分开;分居30. redundant a.被解雇的;多余的,过剩的A ambiguous a.引起歧义的,模棱两可的,含糊不清B wordy 啰嗦C unconvincing adj.并非确信的,没有说服力的D stereotyped n.老套,固定模式vt.对…形成固定看法Section B31. A deliberately ad.故意地;慎重地B collaboratively ad.协作地C destructively 破坏性地D individually adv.个别地32. A cabin n.小木屋;机舱,船舱B mansion n.大厦,(豪华的)宅邸C shed vt.脱落;流出;散发;摆脱n.棚屋D shelter n.掩蔽处;住所;保护vt.庇护vi.躲避33. A come about发生,产生B come on [表鼓励、催促等]快,走吧;进步;发生C come to苏醒;总数为,结果是;涉及,谈到D come by得到,获得;访问,看望34. A other than不同于,非;除了B not only 不但C nothing but有,只不过D far from远远不,完全不35. A turned in 上交B taken in 采取C sworn in 宣誓就职D put in花费,付出(时间等);正式提出,申请36. A penetrations n.穿透,洞察力B concentrations n.专注,专心;集中;浓缩,浓度C dimensions n.方面,特点;尺寸[ pl.]面积,规模,程度D extensions n.伸出,扩大;延长部分;电话分机(号码)37. A find out找出,查明,发现B turn out结果是;关掉,旋熄;制造;驱逐C set out动身,起程;开始;摆放;阐明,陈述D carry out实行,执行;完成,实现38. A within prep.在…里面,在…内ad.在里面B during prep.在…期间C into prep.进,入,到…里;成为;很喜欢D amid prep.在…中间,在…之中,被…围绕39. A dissipated a.浪费的,放荡的B paddled n.(短)桨;涉水v.荡桨;涉水;用木板打C hedged n.树篱;障碍物vt.用篱笆围vi.避免回答D collapsed vi./n.倒坍,塌下;崩溃,突然失败40. A collide vi.碰撞,互撞;冲突,抵触B coincide vi.同时发生;相符;位置重合,重叠C identify vt.认出,鉴定;把…等同于vi.认同D associate vt.使联合vi.结交n.伙伴a.副的。
2005考研英语一真题2005历年考研英语一真题及答案详解考研英语一真题官方最全
2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child littleto say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and gro om’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circleof happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: the divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decided on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] since [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D] avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C]shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A] breaks [B] warns [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)T ext 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that ―i nci t e excessive thinnes s‖ by promoting ext r em e dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ul t ra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep –and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and sixmonths in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.I n contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: ―We are aware of and take responsibility for the im pact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young peopl e.‖ The char t er’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionW eek(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be thebest step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.[C] W ebsites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase ―impinging on‖(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] New standards are being set in Denmark.[B] The French measures have already failed.[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for .[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about model’s character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryT ext 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. W hile polls show B r i t ons rate ―t he countrysi de‖alongside the royal f a m ily, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political traction.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save ―t he beauty of natural places for everyone forever‖.I t was specifically to provide ci t y dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience ―a refreshing air‖.H ill’s pr essur e later led to the creat ion of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any m or e, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising ―o f f-pl an‖building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Nigel Farage’s speech this year to the Campaign to Protec t Rural Engandstruck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that ―h ousing crisi s‖ equals ―c oncreted meadow s‖ is pure lobby talk. The issue i s not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. W e do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, B r i t ai n is Europe’s m ost crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative –the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside _.[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS[C] is fully backed by the royal family [D]is not well reflected in politics27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being .[A] gradually destroyed[B] effectively reinforced[C] largely overshadowed[D] properly protected28. which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon ―off-plan‖building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence. [D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’sPreference .[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis [D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of .[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-country planning in BritainT ext 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of busines s,‖ wrote Mi l t on Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist. ―That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit s.‖ B ut even if you accept F r i edman's premise and regard corporate soc i al responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate last year by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a ―s i gnal‖that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the go od causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse ―ha lo ef f ect‖,whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent paper attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCP A). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stance, that accounted for the leniency: companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the authors conclude that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do se em to be influenced by a company's record in C S R.―We estimate that ei t her eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign official s,‖ says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do -gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with _.[A ] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_ .[A] winning trust from consumers[B] guarding it against malpractices[C] protecting it from being defamed[D] raising the quality of its products33. The expression ―more lenient‖(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to .[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a compa n y’s CSR record .[A] has an impact on their decision[B] comes across as reliable evidence[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A ] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.T ext 4There will eventually come a day when The New Y ork Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though printad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation may be lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.* "It was seen as a blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at The New Y ork Times? "I wouldn’t pick a year to end print," he said. "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it as a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. The New Y ork Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to .[A] the high cost of operation[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the increasing online ad sales37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should _.[A] seek new sources of readership[B] end the print edition for good[C] aim for efficient management[D] make strategic adjustments38. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a ―l eg acy product‖.[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world _.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Y our Hand[C] Make Y our Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Y our Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Read the following texts and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right [D]Understand the context[E] W ork with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between t oda y’s workplace and the ―d ress for succes s‖ era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress t-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to inves t in an upgrade?And what’s the bes t way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41.A s an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during t r ans i t i ons—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’r e in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and pr of es sional s.Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and t hat’s OK.42.Get clear on what impact you’r e hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more―S o H o.‖(I t’s OK to use characterizations like t hat.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of yourenvironment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J·Crew·Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. I t’s not asexpensive as you might think.45.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fuss ing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. I t is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health a nd we don’t know how to gai n ac cess to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our ment al health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. I t’s a form of innate or un learned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. W e think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.Y ou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e ―L i Mi ng‖ i nst ead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part A52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.Y ou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年考研英语一真题参考答案Use of English1. [C] as well as2. [D] decided on3. [C] arrange4. [B] In theory5. [C] After6. [A] into7. [B] but8. [C] recite9. [D] tying10. [A] passing11. [D] union12. [D] live13. [B] until14. [A] obtain15. [C] viewed16. [A] whatever17. [B] brought18. [D] divided19. [C] shows20. [B] whileReading ComprehensionPart AT ext 121. [B] Physical beauty would be redefined.22. [D] doing harm to23. [A] New standards are being set in Denmark.24. [C] showing little concern for health factors25. [A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsT ext 226. [D] is not well reflected in politics27. [A] gradually destroyed28. [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. [D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. [D] the town-and-country planning in BritainT ext 331. [B] skepticism32. [A] winning trust from consumers33. [C] less severe34. [A] has an impact on their decision35. [B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.T ext 436. [A] the high cost of operation37. [D] make strategic adjustments38. [B] is meant for the most loyal customers39. [C] aggressiveness better meets challenges40. [C] Make Y our Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodPart B41. [C] Decide if the time is right42. [G] Know your goals43. [D] Understand the context44. [E] W ork with professionals45. [F] Make it efficientPart C46. 我们并不必学习如何保持心理健康;它与生俱来,正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口和修复骨折一样。
考研真题词汇2005
2005年1, revolve [ri'vɔlv, -'vɔ:lv]vi. 旋转;循环出现;反复考虑vt. 使…旋转;使…循环;反复考虑n. 旋转;循环;旋转舞台2, involve [in'vɔlv]vt. 包含;牵涉;使陷于;潜心于3, acquired [ə'kwaiəd]adj. 后天的;已获得的;已成习惯的v. 取得;捕获(acquire的过去分词)4, token ['təukən]n. 表征;代币;记号adj. 象征的;表意的;作为对某事的保证的vt. 象征;代表5, vanish ['væniʃ]vi. 消失;突然不见;[数]成为零vt. 使不见,使消失n. [语]弱化音6, colleague ['kɔli:ɡ]n. 同事,同僚7, piece [pi:s]n. 块;件;篇;硬币vt. 修补;接合;凑合8, rock [rɔk]n. 岩石;摇滚乐;暗礁vt. 摇动;使摇晃vi. 摇动;摇晃9, capable ['keipəbl]adj. 能干的,能胜任的;有才华的10, underlie [,ʌndə'lai]vt. 成为……的基础;位于……之下11, finely ['fainli]adv. 非常地;细微地;美好地;雅致地12, innate [,i'neit]adj. 先天的;固有的;与生俱来的13, sile [sail]vi. 大雨如注;流下14, cucumber ['kju:kʌmbə]n. 黄瓜;胡瓜15, outrage ['autreidʒ]n. 愤怒,愤慨;暴行;侮辱vt. 凌辱,强奸;对…施暴行;激起愤怒16, readily ['redili]adv. 容易地;乐意地;无困难地17, adjoining [ə'dʒɔiniŋ]adj. 邻接的;毗连的v. 邻接(adjoin的ing形式)18, counterpart ['kauntə,pɑ:t]n. 副本;配对物;极相似的人或物19, characteristics [,kærəktə'ristiks]n. 特性,特征;特色(characteristic的复数);特质20, candidate ['kændideit, -dət]n. 候选人,候补者;应试者21, chamber ['tʃeimbə]n. (身体或器官内的)室,膛;房间;会所adj. 室内的;私人的,秘密的vt. 把…关在室内;装填(弹药等)22, markedly ['ma:kidli]adv. 明显地;显著地;引人注目地23, volution [və'lju:ʃən]n. 涡旋;螺旋24, reputation [,repju'teiʃən]n. 名声,名誉;声望25, presence ['prezəns]n. 存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态26, righteous ['raitʃəs]adj. 正义的;正直的;公正的27, indignation [,indiɡ'neiʃən]n. 愤慨;愤怒;义愤28, assumption [ə'sʌmpʃən]n. 假定;设想;担任;采取29, grieve [ɡri:v]vt. 使悲伤,使苦恼vi. 悲痛,哀悼30, resentment [ri'zentmənt]n. 愤恨,怨恨31, preserve [pri'zə:v]vt. 保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎n. 保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品32, grievance ['ɡri:vəns]n. 不满,不平;委屈;冤情33, abundantly34, independently [,indi'pendəntli] adv. 独立地;自立地35, black [blæk]adj. 黑色的;黑人的;邪恶的n. 黑色;黑人;黑颜料vt. 使变黑;把鞋油等涂在…上;把(眼眶)打成青肿vi. 变黑36, ancestor ['ænsestə]n. 始祖,祖先;被继承人37, tardily38, grapes [greips]n. 葡萄(grape的复数)39, tardy ['tɑ:di]adj. 缓慢的,迟缓的;迟到的n. 迟到40, toss [tɔs, tɔ:s]n. 投掷;摇荡;投掷的距离;掷币赌胜负vt. 投掷;使…不安;突然抬起;使…上下摇动;与…掷币打赌vi. 辗转;被乱扔;颠簸;掷钱币决定某事41, target ['tɑ:ɡit]n. 目标;靶子vt. 把……作为目标;规定……的指标;瞄准某物42, tardiness ['tɑ:dinis]n. 缓慢,迟延43, stagnant ['stæɡnənt]adj. 停滞的;不景气的;污浊的;迟钝的44, stagnancy45, stable ['steibl]n. 马厩;牛棚adj. 稳定的;牢固的;坚定的vi. 被关在马厩vt. 赶入马房46, vague [veiɡ]adj. 模糊的;含糊的;不明确的;暧昧的47, repent [ri'pent]vi. 后悔;忏悔vt. 后悔;对…感到后悔adj. [植]匍匐生根的;[动]爬行的48, companion [kəm'pænjən]n. 同伴;朋友;指南;手册vt. 陪伴49, preservative [pri'zə:vətiv]n. 防腐剂;预防法;防护层adj. 防腐的;有保存力的;有保护性的50, conserve [kən'sə:v, 'kɔnsə:v] vt. 保存;将…做成蜜饯;使守恒n. 果酱;蜜饯51, reserve [ri'zə:v]n. 储备,储存;自然保护区;预备队;储备金vt. 储备;保留;预约vi. 预订52, attentive [ə'tentiv]adj. 留意的,注意的53, appearance [ə'piərəns]n. 外貌,外观;出现,露面54, indignity [in'diɡnəti]n. 侮辱;轻蔑;有伤尊严;无礼举动55, seduce [si'dju:s, -'du:s-]vt. 引诱;诱惑;诱奸;怂恿56, as yet57, contrast [kən'trɑ:st, -'træst, 'k ɔntrɑ:st, -træst]vi. 对比;形成对照vt. 使对比;使与…对照n. 对比;差别;对照物58, comparison [kəm'pærisən]n. 比较;对照;比喻;比较关系59, assume [ə'sju:m, ə'su:m]vt. 承担;假定;采取;呈现vi. 装腔作势;多管闲事60, jealous ['dʒeləs]妒忌的;猜疑的;唯恐失去的;戒备的61, instruction [in'strʌkʃən]n. 指令,命令;指示;教导;用法说明62, temperament63, dignity ['diɡnəti]n. 尊严;高贵64, parallel65, panel ['pænl]n. 仪表板;嵌板;座谈小组,全体陪审员vt. 嵌镶板66, judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt]n. 判断;裁判;判决书;辨别力67, inconclusive [,inkən'klu:siv] adj. 不确定的;非决定性的;无结果的68, condusive69, concern [kən'sə:n]vt. 涉及,关系到;使担心n. 关系;关心;关心的事70, present ['prezənt, pri'zent] vt. 提出;介绍;呈现;赠送vi. 举枪瞄准adj. 现在的;出席的n. 现在;礼物;瞄准71, grave [ɡreiv]adj. 重大的;严肃的;黯淡的n. 墓穴,坟墓;死亡vt. 雕刻;铭记72, enlist [in'list]vi. 支持;从军;应募;赞助vt. 使入伍;征募;谋取…的赞助或帮助73, fume [fju:m]vi. 冒烟;发怒vt. 熏;冒烟;愤怒地说n. 烟;愤怒,烦恼74, flame [fleim]n. 火焰;热情;光辉v. 焚烧;泛红75, atmosphere ['ætmə,sfiə]n. 气氛;大气;空气76, definitely77, define [di'fain]vt. 定义;使明确;规定78, prudent ['pru:dənt]adj. 谨慎的;精明的;节俭的79, imprudent [im'pru:dənt]adj. 轻率的,鲁莽的;不小心的80, impudent ['impjudənt]adj. 无耻的;鲁莽的;放肆无礼的81, crew [kru:]n. 队,组;全体人员,全体船员vi. 一起工作vt. 使当船员82, lobby ['lɔbi]n. 大厅;休息室;会客室;游说议员的团体vt. 对……进行游说vi. 游说议员83, nonsense ['nɔnsəns]n. 胡说;废话adj. 荒谬的int. 胡说!84, preface ['prefis]n. 前言;引语vt. 为…加序言;以…开始vi. 作序85, policy ['pɔlisi]n. 政策,方针;保险单86, out to87, quarters ['kwɔtə(r)z]n. 住处;四分之一(quarter的复数);营房v. 把…四等分;供…住宿88, pour [pɔ:]n. 倾泻;流出;骤雨vt. 灌,注;倒;倾泻;倾吐vi. 倾泻;涌流;斟茶89, insurance [in'ʃuərəns]n. 保险;保险费;保险契约;赔偿金90, classic ['klæsik]adj. 经典的;古典的,传统的;最优秀的n. 名著;经典著作;大艺术家91, paralysis [pə'rælisis]n. 麻痹;无力;停顿92, paralyze ['pærəlaiz]vt. 使麻痹;使瘫痪93, initiative [i'niʃiətiv, -ʃətiv] n. 主动权;首创精神adj. 主动的;自发的;起始的94, serve [sə:v]vt. 招待,供应;为…服务;对…有用;可作…用vi. 服役,服务;适合,足够;发球;招待,侍候n. 发球,轮到发球95, steward ['stju:əd, 'stjuəd]n. 管家;乘务员;膳务员;工会管事vi. 当服务员;当管事vt. 管理96, staff [stɑ:f, stæf]n. 职员;参谋;棒;支撑adj. 职员的;行政工作的vt. 供给人员;给…配备职员vi. 雇用工作人员97, investigation98, original [ə'ridʒənəl]n. 原件;原作;原物;原型adj. 原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的99, reveal [ri'vi:l]vt. 显示;透露;揭露;泄露n. 揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧100, planet ['plænit]n. 行星101, atmospheric102, oceanic ['əuʃi'ænik]adj. 海洋的;海洋产出的;在海洋中生活的;广阔无垠的103, incentive [in'sentiv]n. 动机;刺激adj. 激励的;刺激的104, extensive [ik'stensiv]adj. 广泛的;大量的;广阔的105, associate with106, applicable ['æplikəbl, ə'plikə-] adj. 可适用的;可应用的;合适的107, in respect to108, concerning [kən'sə:niŋ]prep. 关于;就…而言v. 涉及;使关心(concern的ing形式);忧虑109, formulate ['fɔ:mjuleit]vt. 规划;用公式表示;明确地表达110, disguise [dis'ɡaiz]vt. 掩饰;假装;隐瞒n. 伪装;假装;用作伪装的东西111, byproduct ['bai,prɔdʌkt]n. 副产品112, component [kəm'pəunənt]adj. 组成的,构成的n. 成分;组件;元件113, swith [swiθ]adv. 快速地;立刻114, logic ['lɔdʒik]n. 逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性adj. [计算机]逻辑的115, thermostat116, suspend [sə'spend]vt. 延缓,推迟;使暂停;使悬浮vi. 悬浮;[体]禁赛117, neurologist [,njuə'rɔlədʒist] n. 神经病学家;神经科专门医师118, relatively ['relətivli]adv. 相当地;相对地,比较地119, visualize ['vizjuəlaiz]vt. 形象,形象化;想像,设想vi. 显现120, literally ['litərəli]adv. 照字面地;逐字地121, persistent [pə'sistənt, -'zis-] adj. 固执的,坚持的;持久稳固的122, initiate [i'niʃieit, i'niʃiət, -eit]vt. 开始,创始;发起;使初步了解n. 开始;新加入者,接受初步知识者adj. 新加入的;接受初步知识的123, commence [kə'mens]vt. 开始;着手vi. 使……开始;使……得学位124, initial [i'niʃəl]adj. 最初的;字首的vt. 用姓名的首字母签名n. 词首大写字母125, aid [eid]n. 援助;帮助;助手;帮助者vt. 援助;帮助;有助于vi. 帮助126, negligence ['neɡlidʒəns]n. 疏忽;忽视;粗心大意127, neglect [ni'ɡlekt]vt. 疏忽,忽视;忽略n. 疏忽,忽视;怠慢128, aggravate ['æɡrəveit]vt. 加重;使恶化;[口]激怒129, considering [kən'sidəriŋ]prep. 考虑到;就...而论conj. 考虑到v. 考虑到(consider的ing形式)130, regarding [ri'ɡɑ:diŋ, ri:-] prep. 关于,至于131, be related to132, revolutionary [,revə'lju:ʃənəri] adj. 革命的;旋转的;大变革的n. 革命者133, intensely134, conscious ['kɔnʃəs]adj. 意识到的;故意的;神志清醒的135, rapid ['ræp id]adj. 迅速的,急促的;飞快的;险峻的n. 急流;高速交通工具,高速交通网136, regulate ['reɡjuleit]vt. 调节,规定;控制;校准;有系统的管理137, harness ['hɑ:nis]vt. 治理;套;驾驭;披上甲胄n. 马具;甲胄;挽具状带子;降落伞背带138, morement139, intellect ['intəlekt]n. 智力,理解力;知识分子;思维逻辑领悟力;智力高的人140, occupy with141, recurringadj. 循环的;再发的v. 返回(recur的现在分词)142, panic ['pænik]n. 恐慌,惊慌;大恐慌adj. 恐慌的;没有理由的vt. 使恐慌vi. 十分惊慌143, insecurity [,insi'kjuərəti]n. 不安全;不牢靠;无把握;心神不定144, therapist ['θerəpist]n. 临床医学家;治疗学家145, modify ['mɔdifai]vt. 修改,修饰;更改vi. 修改146, course [kɔ:s]n. 过程;进程;道路;一道菜vt. 追赶;跑过vi. 指引航线;快跑147, subceplible148, random ['rændəm]adj. 随机的;任意的;胡乱的n. 随意adv. 胡乱地149, limbic150, prefrontal151, cortex ['kɔ:teks]n. 皮质;树皮;果皮152, genre ['ʒɔŋrə]n. 类型;流派;风俗画adj. 风俗画的;以日常情景为主题的153, aspire [ə'spaiə]vi. 渴望;立志;追求154, permissive [pə'misiv]adj. 许可的;自由的;宽容的;(两性关系)放纵的155, controversy ['kɔntrə,və:si]n. 争论;论战;辩论156, gradual ['ɡrædʒuəl]adj. 逐渐的;平缓的n. 弥撒升阶圣歌集157, figure ['fiɡə]n. 数字;人物;图形;价格;(人的)体形;画像vi. 计算;出现;扮演角色vt. 计算;认为;描绘;象征158, regrettable [ri'ɡretəbl]adj. 令人遗憾的;可惜的;可悲的;抱歉的159, denote [di'nəut]vt. 表示,指示160, liveliness ['laivlinis]n. 活泼;热烈;鲜明161, command [kə'mɑ:nd]vi. 命令,指挥;控制vt. 命令,指挥;控制;远望n. 指挥,控制;命令;司令部162, contempt [kən'tempt]n. 轻视,蔑视;耻辱163, regret [ri'ɡret]n. 遗憾;抱歉;悲叹vt. 后悔;惋惜;哀悼vi. 感到后悔;感到抱歉164, plate [pleit]n. 碟;金属板;金属牌;感光底片vt. 电镀;给…装甲165, cult [kʌlt]n. 祭仪(尤其指宗教上的);礼拜;狂热信徒adj. 狂热崇拜的166, temporary ['tempərəri]adj. 暂时的,临时的n. 临时工,临时雇员167, aspiration [,æspə'reiʃən]n. 渴望;抱负;呼气;吸引术168, permanent ['pə:mənənt]adj. 永久的,永恒的;不变的n. [口]烫发(等于permanent wave)169, authentic [ɔ:'θentik]adj. 真正的,真实的;可信的170, humble171, linguist ['liŋɡwist]n. 语言学家172, noble ['nəubl]adj. 高尚的;贵族的;惰性的;宏伟的n. 贵族vt. 抓住;逮捕173, spell [spel]vt. 拼,拼写;意味着;招致;拼成;迷住;轮值n. 符咒;一段时间;魅力vi. 拼字;轮替174, modestly ['madistli]adv. 谨慎地;适当地175, liberal ['libərəl]adj. 自由主义的;慷慨的;不拘泥的;宽大的n. 自由主义者176, elevated ['eliveitid]adj. 提高的;高尚的;严肃的;欢欣的v. 提高;抬起;振奋;提拔(elevate的过去分词)n. [口]高架铁路177, regard [ri'ɡɑ:d, ri:-]n. 注意;尊重;问候;凝视vt. 注重,考虑;看待;尊敬;把…看作;与…有关vi. 注意,注重;注视178, triumph ['traiəmf, -ʌmf]n. 胜利,凯旋;欢欣vi. 获得胜利,成功179, sought [sɔ:t]v. 寻找(seek的过去式和过去分词)180, capture ['kæptʃə]vt. 俘获;夺得n. 捕获;战利品,俘虏181, equally ['i:kwəli]adv. 同样地;相等地,平等地;公平地182, performative183, oral ['ɔ:rəl, 'ɔ-]adj. 口头的,口述的n. 口试184, spontaneity [,spɔntə'neiəti, -'ni:i-]n. 自发性;自然发生185, craft [krɑ:ft, kræft]n. 工艺;手艺;太空船vt. 精巧地制作186, illustrate ['iləstreit]vt. 阐明,举例说明;图解vi. 举例187, array [ə'rei]n. [计]数组,阵列;排列,列阵;大批,一系列;衣服vt. 排列,部署;打扮188, degradation [,deɡrə'deiʃən]n. 退化;降格,降级;堕落189, document ['dɔkjumənt, 'dɔkjument]n. 文件,公文;文档;证件vt. 用文件证明190, subtitle ['sʌb,taitl]n. 副标题;说明或对白的字幕vt. 在…上印字幕;给…加副标题191, controversialist192, dialect ['daiəlekt]n. 方言,土话;同源语;行话;个人用语特征adj. 方言的193, chunk [tʃʌŋk]n. 大块;矮胖的人或物194, politician [,pɔli'tiʃən]n. 政治家,政客195, strictly ['striktli]adv. 严格地;完全地;确实地196, propose [prəu'pəuz]vt. 建议;打算,计划;求婚vi. 建议;求婚;打算197, conservative [kən'sə:vətiv] adj. 保守的n. 保守派,守旧者198, grieve over199, shame [ʃeim]n. 羞耻,羞愧;憾事,带来耻辱的人vt. 使丢脸,使羞愧200, elaborate [i'læbərət, i'læbəreit]adj. 精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的vt. 精心制作;详细阐述;从简单成分合成(复杂有机物)vi. 详细描述;变复杂201, spontaneously [spɔn'teiniəsli] adv. 自发地;自然地;不由自主地202, sponse203, grief。
2005—2011考研英语一真题翻译解析及复习思路
第四部分阅读理解C部分历年试题解析1.(2011年)意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境一.文章结构分析本文节选自TomButler-Bowdon所着励志读物《自助经典50篇》(FiftySelf-helpClassics)中的第一章:詹姆斯·爱伦(JamesAllen)。
作者对爱伦的《思考的人》一书予以评论,对书中的观点进行解释和提炼。
本文哲理丰富,具有一定的警示和启迪作用,但语言较为抽象。
主要考查的知识点包括:各类从句,并列结构、被动语态、以及根据上下文选择词义。
第一段:提出爱伦《思考的人》一书的主旨观点:意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境。
第二、三段介绍爱伦关于“意识和行为”的观点。
从人们普遍认同的观点“意识独立于物质存在,。
(他)拿定语;较长的同位语从句可以采用拆译法,单独成句,也可以放在中心词前面,用复指代词“这个,这一”来连接。
3.词义确定(1)take一词词义繁多,且都易于和名词搭配为动宾结构,如:“拿出(接受,形成)一个……假设”的表达都成立。
因此应根据后文对此假设性质的说明“大家普遍接受;爱伦证实为伪”排除“形成,接受”,确定译为“拿出”。
(2)erroneous一词考生可能感觉有些生疏,但只要能知道它和error同源,就不难推断出其含义为“错误的”。
爱伦的贡献在于,他拿出“我们并不是机器人,所以能控制自己思想”这一公认的假设,并揭示了其谬误所在。
[考生实例]例1我们都认同这样的假说:因为我们不是机器人,所以能控制自己的思想。
爱伦的贡献在于他提出这一假设并揭示其错误本质。
(2分)例2爱伦的贡献在于他拿出“我们不是机器人,所以能够控制自己思想”这一我们都分享的假说,分)(0wearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion...时需要增译“但是,还是,依然”等,构成呼应,使行文更流畅。
3.词义确定(1)根据所考句所在段的中心观点“行为是思想的体现,我们无法思此行彼”可知,achieve强调的是“行动”而非“结果”,所以,将其译为“完成”比“获得、实现”更准确。
2005年考研英语(一)新题型重要词汇汇总
2005年考研英语(一)新题型重要词汇汇总新题型是2005年新增的一种7选5填空式阅读,主要考查的是篇章结构和上下句之间的关系,该题型中有两个误导选项需要考生予以排除,难度系数较高。
这篇文章主要讲述的是关于加拿大的药物体系之争。
本文没有出现涉及复杂语法结构的难句子以及超纲词汇,但是文章中包含了考研英语常见的高频重点词汇,让我们一起学习这些词汇吧!1. 8spare [speə]a. 1. 备用的2. 多余的,空闲的v. 1. 省出,抽出(时间)2. 饶恕3. 使免遭【真题例句】:Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs. 在七月底的年度会议上,加拿大的总理们(各省政府的领导)对渥太华抱怨一顿之后,如果还有力气的话,可能会抽出点时间一起做点事情——降低医疗费用。
(2005年新题型)2. 2groan [ɡrəʊn]n./v. 呻吟,叹息【联想记忆】:拟声词groan 叹息时发出的声音【真题例句】:They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing components of which are pharmaceutical costs. 他们都会医疗预算的飞涨满腹抱怨,其中增长最快的就是药品费用。
(2005年新题型)3. 2 recommend ['rekə'mend]v.1.推荐,举荐2.劝告,建议3.使成为可取,使受欢迎【词根记忆】:re(back)+com(一起)+mend(想起)→使大家都知道→推荐【短语搭配】:recommend for推荐;由于…而称赞【真题例句】:Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. 先不说许多其他专家已经提出报告,罗马诺医疗委员会和科尔比医疗委员会都建议设立一个国家药物机构。
05考研阅读理解1生词
1. vanish ['vænɪʃ]vi.消失;突然不见;消亡,消灭;[数]化为零vt.使消失,使不见n.[语音学]消失音,弱化音2. reputation [ˌrepjuˌteɪʃn]n.名气,名声;好名声;信誉,声望;荣誉,名望3. slacking [slækɪŋ]v.偷懒( slack的现在分词 );减速;放松4. outrage ['aʊtreɪdʒ]n.义愤;愤慨;暴行;骇人听闻的事件vt.引起…的义愤,激怒;凌辱,强奸;虐待,迫害;违反5. underlying [ˌʌndəˌlaɪɪŋ]adj.潜在的,含蓄的;基础的;表面下的,下层的;[法]优先的v.优先于(underlie的ing形式);构成…的基础(或起因),引起6. grievence [ˌgri:vəns]n.不满;苦衷;委屈;牢骚7. counterpart [ˌkaʊntəpɑ:t]n.配对物;副本;相对物;极相似的人或物8. cucumber [ˌkju:kʌmbə(r)]n.黄瓜,胡瓜9. grape [ɡreɪp]n.葡萄;深紫色,葡萄紫10. adjoin [ə'dʒɔɪn]vt.& vi.邻近,毗连;接,贴连;附加,使结合11. chamber ['tʃeɪmbə(r)]n.室,卧室,会客室;内庭;[多用于英国]律师的办公室;议事厅vt.限制,幽禁,封闭或限制;使备有房间12. reluctant [riˌlʌktənt]adj. 不情愿的,勉强的;顽抗的;难处理的;厌恶的13. indeed [ɪnˌdi:d]adv.的确,确实,实在;实际上,真正地;真的,真是;甚至14. mere [miə]adj. 仅仅,只不过;小的,轻微的;纯粹的; n. 小湖,池塘;〈英〉边境(线)15. merely [ˌmiəli]adv.仅仅,只不过;只是;纯粹;全然16. presence [ˌprezəns]n. 出席;仪表;风度;鬼魂,神灵17. induce [ɪn'dju:s]vt.引诱;引起;[电]感应;归纳18. resentment [rɪˌzentmənt]n.愤恨,不满19. righteous [ˌraɪtʃəs]adj.正直的;正义的;公正的20. indignation [ˌɪndɪgˌneɪʃn]n.愤怒,愤慨,气愤21. preserve [prɪˌzɜ:v]vt.保护;保持,保存;腌制食物;防腐处理vi.保鲜;保持原状;做蜜饯;禁猎n.蜜饯;防护用品;禁猎地;独占的事物(或范围)22. abundantly [əˌbʌndəntli]adv.丰富地;大量地;十分清楚;非常明白23. abundantly clear [əˌbʌndəntlɪkliə]昭然若揭24. evolve [ɪ'vɒlv]vt.使发展;使进化;设计,制订出;发出,散发vi.发展;[生]通过进化进程发展或发生25. stem from [stem frɔm]来自,起源于,由…造成;出于26. stem [stem]n.(花草的)茎;词干;(高脚酒杯的)脚;烟斗柄vt.遏制[阻止](液体的流动等);阻止;封堵;遏止27. inconclusive [ˌɪnkənˌklu:sɪv] adj.不确定的,非决定性的,无结果的;不能使人信服的;无效的;模棱两可28. lobby ['lɒbɪ]n.门厅,大厅;休息室;游说团;投票厅vi.为了支持或抵制某项特定目标游说vt.对…进行游说;陈情(试图努力影响某人采取有利行动)29. panel ['pænl]n.镶板;面;(门、墙等上面的)嵌板;控制板vt.选定(陪审团);把…分格;在…上置鞍垫;把…镶入框架内专门小组30. enlist [ɪn'lɪst]vt.征募;赢得…的支持或合作;赞助vi.应募,入伍;积极参与31. definitely [ˌdefɪnətli]adv.明确地;确切地;一定地;肯定地int.(表强烈的肯定)当然32. preface ['prefəs]n.序言,引语;开端,前奏;[宗](弥撒的)序诵,序祷vi.&vt.作为…的序言,作为…的开端;作序;给…作序;开始,导致33. concerning [kənˌsɜ:nɪŋ]prep.(表示论及)关于,就…而论v.“concern”的现在分词;涉及;关心;顾虑,忧虑34. quarter ['kwɔ:tə(r)]n.四分之一;一刻钟;地区;(美式足球的)一节vt.把…四等分;供…住宿;使(士兵)驻扎35. fume [fju:m]n.烟气,烟雾;愤怒,烦恼vi.冒烟;发怒vt.用烟熏;烘制(木材等)36. prudent [ˌpru:dnt]adj.小心的,慎重的;精明的,节俭的;顾虑周到的,稳健的;世故的,精明的37. press for [pres fɔ:]催逼;敦促;迫切要求;缺少38. paralyse [ˌpærəlaɪz]vt.使瘫痪[麻痹];使不能正常活动;[电]关闭39. steward ['stju:əd]n.管家;乘务员;干事,理事;[部门,工厂]的工会代表vi.当服务员;当管事vt.管理40. legislative [ˌledʒɪslətɪv]adj.(关于)立法的;立法决定的;有权立法的,用以立法的;立法机构的n.立法权;立法机关41. intiative [ɪ'nɪʃətɪv]n.主动性;主动精神;倡议;主动权adj.自发的;创始的;初步的42. conservation [ˌkɒnsəˌveɪʃn]n.保存;保护;避免浪费;对自然环境的保护43. incentive [ɪnˌsentɪv]n.动机;刺激;诱因;鼓励adj.刺激性的;鼓励性质的44. promising ['prɒmɪsɪŋ]adj.有前途的;有希望的;光明;有为45. crucial ['kru:ʃl]adj.关键性的,极其显要的;决定性的;十字形的46. component [kəmˌpəʊnənt]n.成分;零件;[数]要素;组分adj.组成的;合成的;构成的;成分的47. suspend [sə'spend]vt.暂停;延缓;暂停;悬浮vi.暂缓;悬浮;无力支付48. unconscious [ʌnˌkɒnʃəs]adj.失去知觉的,无意识的;无意的,不自觉的;不知道的;不受意识控制的n.[心]无意识49. thermostat [ˌθɜ:məstæt]n.恒温(调节)器50. imaging ['ɪmɪdʒɪŋ]n.成像,镜像,映像;透视显像;意像疗法v.设想,想象(image的ing形式)51. limbic ['lɪmbɪk]adj.边的,缘的52. recurring [rɪ'kɜ:rɪŋ]v.再发生,复发( recur的现在分词 );再现53. visualize ['vɪʒʊəlaɪz]vt.形成思维图像;设想;使可见vi.形成思维图像54. literally [ˌlɪtərəli]adv.逐字地;照字面地;确实地,真正地;[口语]差不多,简直(用于加强语意)55. therapist [ˌθerəpɪst]n.治疗专家,特定疗法技师56. command [kə'mɑ:nd]n.命令,指挥;司令部,指挥部;[计算机]指令;控制力vt.指挥,控制,命令;命令;应得,值得vi.给出命令;命令,指令adj.指挥的,根据命令(或要求)而作的57. aspire [ə'spaɪə(r)]vi.渴望,立志,追求;〈诗,古〉登,升,高耸58. degradition [ˌdegrəˌdeɪʃn]n.退化;堕落;降级59. liberal ['lɪbərəl]n.自由主义者;自由党党员adj.开明的;自由的;慷慨的;不拘泥的60. conservative [kənˌsɜ:vətɪv]n.保守的人;(英国)保守党党员,保守党支持者adj.保守的;(英国)保守党的;(式样等)不时新的61. permissive [pə'mɪsɪv]adj.宽大的;放任的;自由的;容许的62. authentic [ɔ:ˌθentɪk]adj.真的,真正的;可信的,可靠的;有根据的;[法]认证了的63. genre ['ʒɒrə]n.类型,种类;体裁,样式;风俗画64. illustrate ['ɪləstreɪt]vt.说明;表明;给…加插图;(用示例、图画等)说明vi.举例说明65. array [ə'reɪ]n.队列,阵列;数组;一大批;衣服vt.排列;部署兵力;打扮,装饰66. dialect [ˌdaɪəlekt]n.方言,土语;语调;[语]语支;专业用语67. elaborate [ɪ'læbəreɪt]vi.详尽说明;变得复杂vt.详细制定;详尽阐述;[生理学]加工;尽心竭力地做adj.复杂的;精心制作的;(结构)复杂的;精巧的There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an externalresult or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, theforeigner who learns a new language -- all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specificsignposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution orcourage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept thepossibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do weperceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we thinkwe’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know theground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likelyto take a more passive role or not try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront andovercome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of ourown making。
2011年英一阅读理解单词
2011年英一阅读理解单词2011年的英语一阅读理解部分,涵盖了丰富的词汇和知识点。
下面,我将为您详细解析其中出现的关键单词,帮助您更好地理解和掌握这些内容。
1.词汇解析:A.Adjust(调整)例句:The company has to adjust its production schedule to meet the market demand.翻译:公司需要调整生产计划以满足市场需求。
B.Attribute(归因于)例句:Many experts attribute the rise in global temperatures to the increased emission of greenhouse gases.翻译:许多专家将全球温度上升归因于温室气体排放量的增加。
C.Consistent(一致的)例句:He has been consistent in his support for the environmental protection movement.翻译:他一直支持环保运动。
D.Efficient(高效的)例句:The new technology has made the production process more efficient.翻译:新技术使生产过程更加高效。
E.Objective(客观的)例句:Journalists should present the facts in an objective manner.翻译:记者应该以客观的方式呈现事实。
F.Relevant(相关的)例句:The professor provided us with relevant reading materials for our research.翻译:教授为我们提供了与研究相关的阅读材料。
G.Significant(重要的)例句:The discovery of the new planet is of significant importance to the field of astronomy.翻译:发现这颗新行星对天文学领域具有重要意义。
2005年考研英语(一)翻译重要词汇汇总
2005年考研英语(一)翻译重要词汇汇总这是一篇社会生活类文章,主要讲述欧洲的电视业发展。
文章中的单词难度适中,基本没有超纲词汇,但是长难句偏多,可能会影响同学们的理解。
同样,文章中出现了许多高频重点单词,以下是本文中出现的10个,就让我们一起来学习吧!1. 3strategic [strə'tiːdʒɪk]adj. 战略上的,战略的【词根记忆】:strategy (战略)+ic(形容词后缀)→战略的【短语搭配】:one’s strategic goal 战略目标;strategic thinking 战略思想; 策略性思考; 策略思考; 战略思维strategic reassurance 战略再保证; 战略保证; 战略性保障; 战略再保障strategic retreat 战略退却【真题例句】:Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. 不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体,要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事,需要人们在欧洲制造出适合欧洲的节目战略性选择。
(2005年翻译)2. 1entail [ɪn'tel]vt. 使需要,必需;承担;遗传给;蕴含n. 引起;需要;继承【词根记忆】:en(强调)+tail(尾巴,踪迹)→让尾巴露出来,显示出踪迹→蕴含【短语搭配】:entail consequences 留下后果incompatible entail 对立统一entail dangers 招致危险【真题例句】:This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. 这需要减小我们对北美市场的依赖程度,它们有关经历和文化传统的电视节目和我们的是不同的。
考研英语一真题阅读理解词汇整理大全:2005-2011年(建议收藏)
2005 年真题TEXT 1 动物的公平意识vanish 消失slack 松懈,懈怠grievance 不满capuchin 卷尾猴be jealous of 嫉妒good-natured 生性温和co-operative 乐于合作readily 乐意地,心甘情愿地inclined to 更倾向于markedly 明显地goods 商品toss 抛(v. )猛仰头,抛硬币决定(n.)stem from 起源于as yet 到目前为止weigh 权衡,斟酌token 金属代币perfect candiate 理想人选resentment 愤怒handover 交出abundantly 极其,非常righteous indignation 义愤perceive 注意到,察觉到make a comparison 比较发现相同 or 相异之处pose a constrast 对比表明差异TEXT 2 全球气候变暖问题亟待解决buy 相信(尤指不可能的事);承认接受antismoking lobby 反对吸烟的游说者(n.)前厅,大厅,游说团体;(v. )游说be out of 是为了stay out the way 置身事外panel 专家团enlist 谋求某人帮助definitely 毫无疑问地in one wave after another pour 一波又一波,前赴后继fume 烟气press for sth 不断要求做某事press forward on sth 推进某事prudent 谨慎的,明智的paralysis by analysis 分析导致瘫痪serve 成为(某个身份)(serve as)steward 保护者classic 典型的initiative 先行措施fashion 形成,塑造power planet 发电厂sound 完好的,健康的,无损伤的beenviromentally sound 有益环境TEXT 3 梦可以被控制component (n.)组成部分,成分,部件;(adj.)组成的,合成的random 随机的byproduct 副产品formulate 创立neurologist 神经学家susceptible 易受影响的aleading authority 有影响力的权威人士bring...under conscious control 将...置于意识控制下cortex 皮层,皮质progress toward 朝向...发展exercise 使关注,使致力于terrorism 恐怖主义persistent 持续不断的therapist 临床医学家,治疗专家thermostat 自动调温器suspend 暂停——s uspension 悬浮disguise 伪装,假扮——distinguish 区分,辨别harness 控制,利用innermost 内心深处的regulate 约束,控制,调节limbic 边缘的,脑边缘系统的prefrontal 额前叶部的clinic 诊所work through 克服visualize 使形象化,想象,构思wake up in a panic 梦中惊醒TEXT 4 越说越俗的英语figure 人物,人士,数字(public figure 公众人物)degradation 毁坏,恶化aspire to 渴望做,立志做controversialist 善辩者regrettable 惋惜的spell 导致,招致(spell the death of 导致... 的消亡)capture 充分体现claim 取得,获得spontaneity 由内心所驱使的行为well regarded 受到好评的an array of 一系列chunk 大块,大段functional 实用的commend 赞扬,推崇comment 评论command 命令,指挥permissive 放任的,纵容的authentic 可靠的,真实的elevated 提高的denote 表示triumph over 胜过unmistakable 确凿无疑的subtitle 字幕,副标题straight 正确的,清楚的talk proper 规范的表达humble 卑微的grieve over 为...哀叹/悲伤2006 年TEXT 1 美国社会同化现象homogenize 使统一,使均匀uniformity 同样,一致性democratize 使大众化deference 顺从,尊重——absence of deference 不拘礼节characteristic of ... 的特征index 指标,迹象exert 发挥,施加be proficient in 精通于f remov remot a e l 搬走遥远,除掉,偏远撤的,职关系疏远的 pocket 一小片,少量seethe 翻腾,涌动——seething anger 涌动的怒火coordination 协调,配合disorder 疾病address 设法解决,处理discourse 谈话,交谈intimate 亲密的,私人的imitate 模仿,伪造intimidate 胁迫popular culture 大众文化bilingual 会说两种语言的intermarriage 通婚be immune to 对...免疫,不受... 的影响assimilative power 同化力量{division 分配,分开,除法,部门divisive 引起分裂的mass media 大众传媒TEXT 2 莎士比亚故居的经济现象distinctly 清楚地,明显地distinct 不同的,清楚的distinction 差别,区分distinctive 特殊的,有特色的instinct 本能,天性,直觉extinct 熄灭的,绝种的,破灭的extinguish 熄灭,使不复存在playgoer 戏迷contend 主张,宣称,竞争content 内容,目录,满足contention 论点,主张in a row 连续live off 靠...为生penny 便士revenge 收入avenue 途径,方法,大街revenge 复仇avenge 替...报仇sandal 凉鞋share (在多人参与的活动中所占的)一份—d o one’s share 做某事某人也有一份wing (建筑物)侧翼部分lounge 雅间,沙龙酒吧contribute directly to 对...有直接贡献rocket racket 火箭球拍pointed 尖锐的,尖刻的,锐利的flagstone 石板drive away 赶走raise price 提价boxoffice 售票处,票房TEXT 3 海洋物种濒临灭绝的现状outlive 比...活得长overfished 过度捕捞fishery 渔场long-fished 长期捕捞vessel 船,舰prey 猎物saturate 使充满,使充斥——be saturate with 充满,处于饱和状态catch-size 捕获量baseline 基础,七点,基线yield 产量,产出predator 食肉动物halve 减半matter 当前的情况sonar 声呐trap 设圈套crop 收成,收获take...into account 将...考虑在内TEXT 4 悲情艺术的醒世功能mean (v. )表示... 的意思,打算,有... 的目的meant 原本打算的,本应的;表示 ... 的意思,本意是;打算,意欲meaning 意义,价值;有意义的;打算,表示 ... 的意思meaningless 无意义的(adj.)吝啬的,小气的,刻薄,要发狂的meaner 吝啬鬼meanest 刻薄meanly 拙劣(n.)中间,中庸,平均数worshipper 信徒onward 从(某时)一直起phony 假冒的,伪造的daffodil 水仙perpetual 永恒的,义无反顾的dedicate 致力于emergence 出现depict 描绘,描画bummer 失望(或不愉快的场面)give all this 鉴于这一切beam 笑容满面,眉开眼笑have an agenda 有一个目的arthritis 关节炎easy happiness 唾手可得的幸福live with sth 接受,忍受a breath of fresh air 一缕清新的空气2007 年TXET1 人的成就取决于后天培养而非先天遗传examined 查看tournament 锦标赛noteworthy 值得注意的pronounced 显著的,很明显的confer 商讨;交换意见hysteria 歇斯底里believe strongly 坚信intuitive 直觉的exhibit 表现coupled with 加上marry with 与...相结合quirk (偶发的)怪现象feed 供给,输送astrological 占星的,占星术的stamina 耐力mania 狂热account for 是... 的原因genetically 遗传地swamp (骤然)淹没entail 使必须,需要is more of ...than 与其说...不如说...deliberate 故意的,蓄意的;从容不迫的;深思熟虑,仔细考虑take to sth/doingsth 养成习惯,沉迷于put another way 换句话说pursuit 事业,消遣,爱好biographical 传记的startling 令人吃惊的trait 特征,个人特征overrate 对...评价过高expert performer/high achiever 表现优异者TEXE 2 智力测试不能全面体现人的智力高低和实际能力supplement 副刊column 专栏——feature a column 开设特色专栏field 处理,应付visualize 想象,设想verbal 文字的,语言的neurology 神经(病)学analogy 类似,类比,类推query 疑问elude 难倒encompass 包含,包括,涉及toil 辛苦工作,苦工——toil through 艰难跋涉populate 居住于,事物在... 占有位置distribution 分布computational 使用计算机的,与 ...有关的practical knowledge 实用性知识negatively/posistively correlated with 与...负/正相关mental age 心理年龄chronological age 生理年龄TEXT 3 美国中产阶级家庭身处悬崖边缘;经济风险在增加count on 依赖fair play 公平竞争weather 经受住,安全渡过disruption 破裂deprive 剥夺in times of financial setback 经济困难时期layoff/get laid off 解雇/被解雇odds 可能性odd 奇怪的popularize 普及parachute 降落伞,保护伞diagnosis 诊断solidly 稳固地social implication 社会意义backup 支持,证实,备份makeup 弥补bear 承担deductible 保险扣除条款attendant 伴随,随之而来的eightfold 八倍的a large new dose of 大量新增的wholesale 大规模的fallout 后果,余波from...perspective 从...角度overburdened shoulder 不堪重负的肩磅TEXT 4 公司数据管理的重要性board 理事会,董事会feeble 薄弱的,脆弱的earn 招惹suite 随从,随员——executive suite 管理层It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已,一雨倾盆redundancy 冗余shareholder 股东regulator 监管者,监管机构do the rounds 为寻求政治支持而拜访compliance 服从,遵守governance 治理severity 严重性sort out 解决put right 纠正peer into 检查spies 间谍come as a surprise (to sb)让人感到吃惊overshadow 使扫兴,使大丢脸面go astray 丢失,被盗putsbon notice 警示某人elegant 优美的2008 年TEXT 4 美国开国元勋们对奴隶制的复杂态度extract from 从... 中取出,拔出works 著作compromise 妥协,折中fragile 易碎的infancy 婴儿期hamper 妨碍,束缚founding generation 开国元勋(同 founding father )carve 分割,瓜分part 离开,分别,分离formula 公式,方案TEXT 1 女性更易受到压力带来的影响way 很远,大大地(way ahead 遥遥领先)ovary 卵巢stressed-out 极度焦虑的observe 说,评论domestic 家庭的,家务的struggle to 尽力做某事develop 患病,出现问题be worn out 筋疲力尽one-shot deal 一次性事件chronic 长期的,慢性的interpersonal violence 人际暴力frustration 挫折,懊恼diffuse stress 缓解压力TEXT 2 科学出版新方式:在线出版subscribe 订阅peer review 同行评审decline 谢绝,婉拒restrict access to 限制... 的权限far-reaching consequence 深远影响ready 易于得到的,方便使用的rest with 归属,属于seek knowledge of 想要了解handsome 数量大的make heavy 心情沉重endeavour 努力,尝试hybird 混合物archive 档案,档案馆;把 ...存档TEXT 3 美国人身高已达到极限more than 极其,十分(与 extremely 相近)obscure 遮蔽secular trend 长期趋势substantial 大量的,结实的,本质,重要材料practice 实际行动;通常的做法,惯例,常规;习惯,习俗in this case of 至于notably 尤其,特别get in the way 阻碍bipedal 两足动物的constraints 限制,限定by and large 总的说,大体上补充:examine 审查,调查from the bottom ofbackrock 基石2009 年TEXT1 你能成为一个拥有新习惯的人吗auto-pilot 自动驾驶rule (贬)支配,控制,操纵unflecting 缺乏思考的setsth on sth 调整好parallel 极相似的,同时发生的context 背景,环境,语境,上下文——in the sane context 在同一语境下mindlessly 无需动脑筋的,机械的herd (贬)易受他人影响的人群paradoxical 矛盾的trains of thought 一连串的想法、思路dismiss 不予考虑,摒弃,免职,解雇——dismiss as 对...不屑一提comfort zone 舒适区wear 磨出(洞),使形成,特定习惯——b e worn to 被印入in ways of 以... 的方式work through problems 解决问题modes of thought 思维方式come in 在... 中起作用,参与press 杂志,报刊,记者,新闻工作者comply 遵从,服从,顺从deliberately 故意地bother 花费时间精力(做某事)bypass 绕过,避开kill off 使某事停止,根除derive from 源于all ...but... 除... 以为所有的...adolescense 青春期approach challenge 应对挑战collaborative 协作perpetuate 使持久化,使持续decisiveness 果断commonness 平庸TEXT2 基因检测及其存在的问题boost 增强,使增长boast 自夸,自吹over-the-counter 柜台的,场外的paternal 父亲的shell out 付一大笔款,还账kinship 血缘关系,亲属关系rage 时尚,流行;暴怒,狂怒pass down 传下来,遗传estimate 判断reference 参考,查阅hawk 沿街叫卖,兜售chromosome 染色体的mitochondrial 线粒体的subject 受...支配,服务于TEXT3 正规教育的缺失不会限制生产力的提高priority 优先考虑的事groundless 无根据的deride 嘲笑meet standards 符合标准trap 困境substrantially 大幅度,本质上地consistendly 始终如一地downgrade 低估pre-bubble 泡沫破灭前illiterate 不识字的suspect 推测,猜想sufficient 充分的constrain 限制,约束foreseeable 可预见的TEXT4 新英格兰的早期文化生活intellectual 知识分子,智力的pursuit 兴趣,爱好preoccupation 使人全神贯注的事物unfold 逐渐展现,表露attach importance to/place importance on 重视distinctive 独特的virtuosity 技艺in keeping with 与...保持一致reach 引起... 的注意craftsman 工匠dependent 仆人,侍从susperstitious 迷信的sermon 说教literary composition 书面作品commitment 献身,投入confront 遇到,面临religious commitment 宗教信仰endeavor 努力,尽力approach 方式,方法——take the approach to 以某种方式处理/看待theological 神学的civillity 文明礼仪in the pursuit of 追求earnestness 渴望求知sign 迹象,征兆magical 神奇的let alone 更不用说settle one ’s fate 决定命运clergymen 牧师illusory 虚幻的main end 主要目的2010 年TEXT1 报纸评论艺术的衰落quarter-century 25 年inexorable 不可阻挡的,无法改变的learned 博学的,学问精深的circulation 发行dirt-cheap 廉价如土about 从事于,忙于betaken for granted 被视作理想当然的keep/hold one ’send up 在困难面前坚持下去,表现好calling 天职,使命感cricket 板球运动foremost 最好的,一流的save 除了revive 复苏mournful 悲哀的have little /noues for sth 厌恶,不怎么喜欢做某事far-reaching 影响深远coverage 新闻报道marvel 感到惊奇,大为赞赏deem 认为,视为to the point of 达到... 的程度in detail and at length 十分详尽be tempted to 不禁a term of contempt 轻蔑的称呼knight 封(某人)为爵士avast body of 大量的postmodern 后现代的TEXT2 商业方法专利受到潜在法律威胁appear 看起来,似乎,好像authorize 批准,许可ever since 自从comply with 遵从,服从curb 起约束或控制作用的事物about-face 政策或态度的180°转变pool 集中ruling 裁决,判决filing 卷宗established 地位稳固的(established companies 老牌公司emerging companies 新兴公司)stakeout exclusive rights to sth 宣布对... 的独占权goodwill 善意hedge 树篱,防止损失的手段(n.);拐弯抹角,限制,包围(v.)in the wake of 随某事物之后到来dismiss 驳回scalesth back 缩小a big deal 非常重要或严重的事aclass of 一类dramatic 引人注目的issue 发给,供给race todosth 争相hear a case 审理案件signal 表达,显示uphold 维持looming 潜在的,逼近的TEXT3 社会流行潮的传播epidemic (社会观念等的)泛滥——social epidemic 社会流行潮compelling 令人信服的atiny minority 极少数supposed 误以为的,误信的,所谓的well connected 人脉极广informed 见识广博的plausible 有道理的embrace 乐意采纳cursory 粗略的,仓促的outsize 特大的propagate 传播,宣传stem from 基于interact with 与人交往,互动build on 以...为基础precisely 准确地,恰好地,精确地select 精选的,优等的anecdotal 轶事的presence 存在感,影响力cascade 瀑布,大量倾泻的东西in turn 反过来,依次simulation 模拟,仿真dynamic 动态,动力学TEXT4 会计准则制定者被迁怒athird party 第三方blamesb for sth 因为某事责备某人capital markets 资本市场compromise 使陷入危险toxic 有毒evade 躲避,逃避,规避for fear of 害怕overstate 高估,夸大(exaggerate 夸大;magnity 放大,扩大)fetch 售得,卖得lobby 游说carry 销售,出售——carry...at price 以...价格出售cry out against 强烈反对act one’s own 自作主张,独自决定invite 招致(尤指坏事)cleanup 清理,整顿buy up 全部买进give into 屈服,让步2011 年TEXT4 提倡理性的育儿幸福观fullfill 让人感觉有意义的,令人满足的dampen 使扫兴,使沮丧child rearing 育儿anything less than 绝不是provocative 激励,煽动redefine 重新定义past-tense 过去式gratification 满足,满意practically 几乎,差不多,实际地gape 张开,裂开parenthood 做父母的身份lean on 依赖,依靠a piece of cake 小菜一碟dumb 愚钝glamorous 富有魅力的,诱人的subconscious 下意识的,潜意识的in the same way 同样newsstand 报摊mom-to-be 准妈妈persistently 持续不断地celebrate 颂扬Procreation 生育round-the-clock 日夜不停,夜以继日。
2005年考研英语传统阅读2005t1 精读解析(带单词版)
阅读精读强化2005年T ext1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Y et pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.每个人都希望拥有一份丰厚的薪酬。
然而,当你获悉你的一个同事比你薪酬高的时候,你的快乐可能会消失Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.事实上,如果他的名声不怎么好,你甚至可能会发怒。
这样的行为被认为是所有人共有的。
作为一种基本的假设,人们认为其他动物不具有如此精致发展的感觉。
但是,乔治亚州亚特兰大诶默利大学的萨拉·布罗森和弗兰斯·德·瓦尔最近公开发表的研究报告认为,猴子也拥有嫉妒心。
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de waal’s study.研究者们研究了雌性棕色僧帽猴的行为。
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2005年真题 TEXT 1 动物的公平意识vanish 消失slack 松懈,懈怠grievance 不满capuchin 卷尾猴be jealous of 嫉妒good-natured 生性温和co-operative 乐于合作readily 乐意地,心甘情愿地inclined to 更倾向于markedly 明显地goods 商品toss 抛(v.) 猛仰头,抛硬币决定(n.)stem from 起源于as yet 到目前为止weigh 权衡,斟酌token 金属代币perfect candiate 理想人选resentment 愤怒hand over 交出abundantly 极其,非常righteous indignation 义愤perceive 注意到,察觉到make a comparison 比较发现相同or 相异之处 pose a constrast 对比表明差异TEXT 2 全球气候变暖问题亟待解决buy 相信(尤指不可能的事);承认接受antismoking lobby 反对吸烟的游说者(n.)前厅,大厅,游说团体;(v.)游说be out of 是为了stay out the way 置身事外panel 专家团enlist 谋求某人帮助definitely 毫无疑问地in one wave after another pour 一波又一波,前赴后继fume 烟气press for sth 不断要求做某事press forward on sth 推进某事prudent 谨慎的,明智的paralysis by analysis 分析导致瘫痪serve 成为(某个身份)(serve as)steward 保护者classic 典型的initiative先行措施fashion 形成,塑造power planet 发电厂sound 完好的,健康的,无损伤的be enviromentally sound 有益环境TEXT 3 梦可以被控制component (n.)组成部分,成分,部件;(adj.)组成的,合成的random 随机的byproduct 副产品formulate 创立neurologist 神经学家susceptible 易受影响的a leading authority 有影响力的权威人士bring...under conscious control 将...置于意识控制下cortex 皮层,皮质progress toward 朝向...发展exercise 使关注,使致力于terrorism 恐怖主义persistent 持续不断的therapist 临床医学家,治疗专家thermostat 自动调温器suspend 暂停——suspension 悬浮disguise 伪装,假扮——distinguish 区分,辨别harness 控制,利用innermost 内心深处的regulate 约束,控制,调节limbic 边缘的,脑边缘系统的prefrontal 额前叶部的clinic 诊所work through 克服visualize 使形象化,想象,构思wake up in a panic 梦中惊醒TEXT 4 越说越俗的英语figure 人物,人士,数字(public figure 公众人物)degradation 毁坏,恶化aspire to 渴望做,立志做controversialist 善辩者regrettable 惋惜的spell 导致,招致(spell the death of 导致...的消亡)capture 充分体现claim 取得,获得spontaneity 由内心所驱使的行为well regarded 受到好评的an array of 一系列chunk 大块,大段functional 实用的commend 赞扬,推崇command 命令,指挥permissive 放任的,纵容的authentic 可靠的,真实的elevated 提高的denote 表示triumph over 胜过unmistakable 确凿无疑的subtitle 字幕,副标题straight 正确的,清楚的talk proper规范的表达humble 卑微的grieve over 为...哀叹/悲伤2006年TEXT 1 美国社会同化现象homogenize 使统一,使均匀uniformity 同样,一致性democratize 使大众化deference 顺从,尊重——absence of deference 不拘礼节characteristic of ...的特征index 指标,迹象exert 发挥,施加be proficient in 精通于remote 遥远的,偏远的,关系疏远的removal 搬走,除掉,撤职pocket 一小片,少量seethe 翻腾,涌动——seething anger 涌动的怒火coordination 协调,配合disorder 疾病address 设法解决,处理discourse 谈话,交谈intimate 亲密的,私人的imitate 模仿,伪造intimidate 胁迫popular culture 大众文化bilingual 会说两种语言的intermarriage 通婚be immune to 对...免疫,不受...的影响assimilative power 同化力量division分配,分开,除法,部门divisive 引起分裂的mass media 大众传媒TEXT 2 莎士比亚故居的经济现象distinctly 清楚地,明显地distinct 不同的,清楚的distinction 差别,区分distinctive 特殊的,有特色的instinct 本能,天性,直觉extinct 熄灭的,绝种的,破灭的extinguish 熄灭,使不复存在playgoer 戏迷contend 主张,宣称,竞争content 内容,目录,满足contention 论点,主张in a row 连续live off 靠...为生penny 便士revenge 收入avenue 途径,方法,大街revenge 复仇avenge 替...报仇sandal 凉鞋share (在多人参与的活动中所占的)一份—do one’s share 做某事某人也有一份wing (建筑物)侧翼部分lounge 雅间,沙龙酒吧contribute directly to 对...有直接贡献rocket 火箭pointed 尖锐的,尖刻的,锐利的flagstone 石板drive away 赶走raise price 提价box office 售票处,票房TEXT 3 海洋物种濒临灭绝的现状outlive 比...活得长overfished 过度捕捞fishery 渔场long-fished 长期捕捞vessel 船,舰prey 猎物saturate 使充满,使充斥——be saturate with 充满,处于饱和状态catch-size 捕获量baseline 基础,七点,基线yield 产量,产出predator 食肉动物halve 减半matter 当前的情况sonar 声呐trap 设圈套crop 收成,收获take...into account 将...考虑在内TEXT 4 悲情艺术的醒世功能mean (v.)表示...的意思,打算,有...的目的meant 原本打算的,本应的;表示...的意思,本意是;打算,意欲meaning 意义,价值;有意义的;打算,表示...的意思meaningless 无意义的(adj.)吝啬的,小气的,刻薄,要发狂的meaner 吝啬鬼meanest 刻薄meanly 拙劣(n.)中间,中庸,平均数worshipper 信徒onward 从(某时)一直起phony 假冒的,伪造的daffodil 水仙perpetual 永恒的,义无反顾的dedicate 致力于emergence 出现depict 描绘,描画bummer 失望(或不愉快的场面)give all this 鉴于这一切beam 笑容满面,眉开眼笑have an agenda 有一个目的arthritis 关节炎easy happiness 唾手可得的幸福live with sth 接受,忍受a breath of fresh air 一缕清新的空气2007年TXET1 人的成就取决于后天培养而非先天遗传examined 查看tournament 锦标赛noteworthy 值得注意的pronounced 显著的,很明显的confer 商讨;交换意见hysteria 歇斯底里believe strongly 坚信intuitive 直觉的exhibit 表现coupled with 加上marry with 与...相结合quirk (偶发的)怪现象feed 供给,输送astrological 占星的,占星术的stamina 耐力mania 狂热account for 是...的原因genetically 遗传地swamp (骤然)淹没entail 使必须,需要is more of ...than 与其说...不如说...deliberate 故意的,蓄意的;从容不迫的;深思熟虑,仔细考虑take to sth/doing sth 养成习惯,沉迷于put another way 换句话说pursuit 事业,消遣,爱好biographical 传记的startling 令人吃惊的trait 特征,个人特征overrate 对...评价过高expert performer/high achiever 表现优异者TEXE 2 智力测试不能全面体现人的智力高低和实际能力supplement 副刊column 专栏——feature a column 开设特色专栏field 处理,应付visualize 想象,设想verbal 文字的,语言的neurology 神经(病)学analogy 类似,类比,类推query 疑问elude 难倒encompass 包含,包括,涉及toil 辛苦工作,苦工——toil through 艰难跋涉populate 居住于,事物在...占有位置distribution 分布computational 使用计算机的,与...有关的practical knowledge 实用性知识negatively/posistively correlated with 与...负/正相关mental age 心理年龄chronological age 生理年龄TEXT 3 美国中产阶级家庭身处悬崖边缘;经济风险在增加count on 依赖fair play公平竞争weather 经受住,安全渡过disruption 破裂deprive 剥夺in times of financial setback 经济困难时期lay off/get laid off 解雇/被解雇odds 可能性odd 奇怪的popularize 普及parachute 降落伞,保护伞diagnosis 诊断solidly 稳固地social implication 社会意义back up 支持,证实,备份make up 弥补bear 承担deductible 保险扣除条款attendant 伴随,随之而来的eightfold 八倍的a large new dose of 大量新增的wholesale 大规模的fallout 后果,余波from...perspective 从...角度overburdened shoulder 不堪重负的肩磅TEXT 4 公司数据管理的重要性board 理事会,董事会feeble 薄弱的,脆弱的earn 招惹suite 随从,随员——executive suite 管理层It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已,一雨倾盆redundancy 冗余shareholder 股东regulator 监管者,监管机构do the rounds 为寻求政治支持而拜访compliance 服从,遵守governance 治理severity 严重性sort out 解决put right 纠正peer into 检查spies 间谍come as a surprise (to sb)让人感到吃惊overshadow 使扫兴,使大丢脸面go astray 丢失,被盗put sb on notice 警示某人elegant 优美的2008年TEXT 4 美国开国元勋们对奴隶制的复杂态度extract from 从...中取出,拔出works著作compromise 妥协,折中fragile 易碎的infancy 婴儿期hamper 妨碍,束缚founding generation 开国元勋(同founding father)carve 分割,瓜分part离开,分别,分离formula 公式,方案TEXT 1 女性更易受到压力带来的影响way 很远,大大地(way ahead 遥遥领先)ovary 卵巢stressed-out 极度焦虑的observe 说,评论domestic 家庭的,家务的struggle to 尽力做某事develop 患病,出现问题be worn out 筋疲力尽one-shot deal一次性事件chronic 长期的,慢性的interpersonal violence 人际暴力frustration 挫折,懊恼diffuse stress 缓解压力TEXT 2 科学出版新方式:在线出版subscribe 订阅peer review 同行评审decline 谢绝,婉拒restrict access to 限制...的权限far-reaching consequence 深远影响ready 易于得到的,方便使用的rest with 归属,属于seek knowledge of 想要了解handsome 数量大的make heavy 心情沉重endeavour 努力,尝试hybird 混合物archive档案,档案馆;把...存档TEXT 3 美国人身高已达到极限more than 极其,十分(与extremely相近)obscure 遮蔽secular trend 长期趋势substantial 大量的,结实的,本质,重要材料practice 实际行动;通常的做法,惯例,常规;习惯,习俗in this case of 至于notably 尤其,特别get in the way 阻碍bipedal 两足动物的constraints 限制,限定by and large 总的说,大体上补充:examine 审查,调查from the bottom ofbackrock 基石2009年TEXT1 你能成为一个拥有新习惯的人吗auto-pilot 自动驾驶rule (贬)支配,控制,操纵unflecting 缺乏思考的set sth on sth 调整好parallel 极相似的,同时发生的context 背景,环境,语境,上下文——in the sane context 在同一语境下mindlessly 无需动脑筋的,机械的herd (贬)易受他人影响的人群paradoxical 矛盾的trains of thought 一连串的想法、思路dismiss 不予考虑,摒弃,免职,解雇——dismiss as 对...不屑一提comfort zone 舒适区wear 磨出(洞),使形成,特定习惯——be worn to 被印入in ways of 以...的方式work through problems 解决问题modes of thought 思维方式come in 在...中起作用,参与press 杂志,报刊,记者,新闻工作者comply 遵从,服从,顺从deliberately 故意地bother 花费时间精力(做某事)bypass 绕过,避开kill off 使某事停止,根除derive from 源于all ...but...除...以为所有的...adolescense 青春期approach challenge 应对挑战collaborative 协作perpetuate 使持久化,使持续decisiveness 果断commonness 平庸TEXT2 基因检测及其存在的问题boost 增强,使增长boast 自夸,自吹over-the-counter 柜台的,场外的paternal 父亲的shell out 付一大笔款,还账kinship血缘关系,亲属关系rage 时尚,流行;暴怒,狂怒pass down 传下来,遗传estimate 判断reference 参考,查阅hawk 沿街叫卖,兜售chromosome 染色体的mitochondrial 线粒体的subject 受...支配,服务于TEXT3 正规教育的缺失不会限制生产力的提高priority 优先考虑的事groundless 无根据的deride 嘲笑meet standards 符合标准trap 困境substrantially 大幅度,本质上地consistendly 始终如一地downgrade 低估pre-bubble 泡沫破灭前illiterate 不识字的suspect 推测,猜想sufficient 充分的constrain限制,约束foreseeable 可预见的TEXT4 新英格兰的早期文化生活intellectual 知识分子,智力的pursuit 兴趣,爱好preoccupation 使人全神贯注的事物unfold 逐渐展现,表露attach importance to/place importance on 重视distinctive 独特的virtuosity技艺in keeping with 与...保持一致reach 引起...的注意craftsman工匠dependent 仆人,侍从susperstitious迷信的sermon 说教literary composition 书面作品commitment 献身,投入confront 遇到,面临religious commitment 宗教信仰endeavor 努力,尽力approach 方式,方法——take the approach to 以某种方式处理/看待theological 神学的civillity文明礼仪in the pursuit of 追求earnestness 渴望求知sign 迹象,征兆magical 神奇的let alone 更不用说settle one’s fate 决定命运clergymen 牧师illusory 虚幻的main end 主要目的2010年TEXT1 报纸评论艺术的衰落quarter-century 25年inexorable 不可阻挡的,无法改变的learned 博学的,学问精深的circulation 发行dirt-cheap廉价如土about 从事于,忙于be taken for granted 被视作理想当然的keep/hold one’s end up 在困难面前坚持下去,表现好calling 天职,使命感cricket 板球运动foremost 最好的,一流的save 除了revive 复苏mournful 悲哀的have little /no ues for sth 厌恶,不怎么喜欢做某事far-reaching 影响深远coverage 新闻报道marvel 感到惊奇,大为赞赏deem 认为,视为to the point of 达到...的程度in detail and at length 十分详尽be tempted to 不禁a term of contempt 轻蔑的称呼knight 封(某人)为爵士a vast body of 大量的postmodern 后现代的TEXT2 商业方法专利受到潜在法律威胁appear 看起来,似乎,好像authorize 批准,许可ever since 自从comply with 遵从,服从curb 起约束或控制作用的事物about-face 政策或态度的180°转变pool 集中ruling 裁决,判决filing 卷宗established 地位稳固的(established companies 老牌公司emerging companies 新兴公司)stake out exclusive rights to sth 宣布对...的独占权goodwill 善意hedge 树篱,防止损失的手段(n.);拐弯抹角,限制,包围(v.)in the wake of 随某事物之后到来dismiss 驳回scale sth back 缩小a big deal 非常重要或严重的事a class of 一类dramatic 引人注目的issue 发给,供给race to do sth 争相hear a case 审理案件signal 表达,显示uphold 维持looming 潜在的,逼近的TEXT3 社会流行潮的传播epidemic (社会观念等的)泛滥——social epidemic 社会流行潮compelling 令人信服的a tiny minority 极少数supposed 误以为的,误信的,所谓的well connected 人脉极广informed 见识广博的plausible 有道理的embrace 乐意采纳cursory 粗略的,仓促的outsize 特大的propagate 传播,宣传stem from 基于interact with 与人交往,互动build on 以...为基础precisely 准确地,恰好地,精确地select 精选的,优等的anecdotal 轶事的presence 存在感,影响力cascade 瀑布,大量倾泻的东西in turn 反过来,依次simulation 模拟,仿真dynamic 动态,动力学TEXT4 会计准则制定者被迁怒a third party 第三方blame sb for sth 因为某事责备某人capital markets 资本市场compromise 使陷入危险toxic 有毒evade 躲避,逃避,规避for fear of 害怕overstate 高估,夸大(exaggerate 夸大;magnity 放大,扩大)fetch 售得,卖得lobby 游说carry 销售,出售——carry...at price 以...价格出售cry out against 强烈反对act one’s own 自作主张,独自决定invite 招致(尤指坏事)clean up 清理,整顿buy up 全部买进give in to 屈服,让步2011年TEXT4 提倡理性的育儿幸福观fullfill 让人感觉有意义的,令人满足的dampen 使扫兴,使沮丧child rearing 育儿anything less than 绝不是provocative 激励,煽动redefine 重新定义past-tense 过去式gratification 满足,满意practically 几乎,差不多,实际地gape 张开,裂开parenthood 做父母的身份lean on 依赖,依靠a piece of cake 小菜一碟dumb 愚钝glamorous 富有魅力的,诱人的subconscious 下意识的,潜意识的in the same way 同样newsstand 报摊mom-to-be 准妈妈persistently 持续不断地celebrate 颂扬Procreation生育round-the-clock 日夜不停,夜以继日。