现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
现在分词和过去分词的用法及实例分析
Once recovered, he threw himselfsintoshis work and
made every effort to do it well.
grow better.
He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by
the news of his mother's illness.
【例如】
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get
the added fund.
tax-supported schools must be established in every town
____50 households or more. (CET-4 1998,1)
A)shavingsB) to have C) to have had D)shavingshad Town
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I
forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the
liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire
the working people)____the earth to be flat, many feared
.Inspired by the International, the working people of
all countries have been fighting for their final
过去分词与现在分词的区别
过去分词与现在分词的区别一、现在分词现在分词由动词加ing构成。
非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。
(一)、现在分词的两个基本特点。
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。
例如:a developing country. 一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。
(试比较:a developed country 一个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,risen sun 升起的太阳)2. 在语态上表示主动。
例如:the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级。
(试比较:the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级)(二)、掌握现在分词的基本功能。
1. 现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句。
例如:①There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.②He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.③I was satisfied with the exciting speech.2. 现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
如:①The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.②European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.3. 现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
英语:现在分词和过去分词用法之异同
4.Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语 从句 who were invited 5.Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语 从句who were invited 6.The computer centre, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后, 可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替 7.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语 从句which were written
1.European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在整个句中应作状语; 再根据 European football 对于 make 来说应是主动关系,即欧洲足 球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此,该题应选A。 2.____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析:该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。 3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析:该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。
现在分词和过去分词的区别
现在分词和过去分词的区别分词在英语中的运用比较广泛,学生对分词的运用感到非常棘手。
若要想准确无误地运用分词,首先要搞清楚其概念和在句中的作用。
一、概述:英语中的分词被称为非谓语动词,它具有形容词,副词和动词的性质,在句中作定语、状语、表语、补语。
分词有两种:现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)。
二、现在分词和过去分词的区别:两者之间的区别主要表现在“时间”和“语态”两个方面。
1、时间区别:(1)现在分词表示一个动作正在进行之中;过去分词表示一个动作已经完成。
例如:falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶(树叶正在飘落这一过程)fallen leaves 落叶(树叶已落在地上完成飘落这一过程)boiling water 沸水(正在沸腾的水)boiled water 开水(已经烧开的水,沸腾这一过程已结束)(2)若在句中则要看动作是正在进行还是已经完成,若正在进行则用现在分词,若已完成则用过去分词.例如:A、He found the town changing every day.他发现我们这座城镇每天都在变化。
B、He found the town greatly changed.他发现这座城镇大大地改观了。
上述两句中,A句表示正在变化,B句表示变化这一动作结束、完成。
2、语态区别:(1)现在分词表示主动的意思,所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者,在语法上相当于主谓关系。
过去分词表示被动的意思,所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者,在语法上相当于动宾关系。
例如:①a moving film.一部感人的影片。
(影片内容感动)= a film moves people.(主谓关系)S V②the moved students. 受感动的学生们= the Ss are moved by ……(动宾→宾语被置于主语的位置,采用被动的语态)S V(2)若在句中,则要看与全句的主语或其逻辑主语之间的关系,是主动用现在分词,若为被动,则要用过去分词。
现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析
现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析现在分词和过去分词是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。
它们在形态和用法上有一些不同之处。
本文将详细解析这两种形式的区别和用法。
一、形态上的区别1. 现在分词的形态现在分词的形态是动词的-ing形式,例如:working, playing, eating 等。
当动词作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和谓语等时,常用现在分词形式。
2. 过去分词的形态过去分词的形态通常是在动词原形的基础上加上-ed、-d、-en、-t等词尾,例如:worked, played, eaten等。
过去分词在完成时态和被动语态中常作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
二、用法上的区别1. 现在分词的用法(1)作主语:现在分词可以作为主语出现在句子中,表示正在进行或经常性的动作。
例如:"Reading books is my hobby."(阅读书籍是我的爱好。
)(2)作定语:现在分词可以修饰名词作定语,常表示主动、进行或经常性的动作。
例如:"The running water is very clear."(流动的水非常清澈。
)(3)作宾语补足语:现在分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语,表示正在进行或经常性的动作。
例如:"I saw him painting the house."(我看见他正在刷房子。
)2. 过去分词的用法(1)作主语:过去分词可以作为主语出现在句子中,表示完成的动作或状态。
例如:"Broken glass covered the ground."(破碎的玻璃铺满了地面。
)(2)作定语:过去分词可以修饰名词作定语,表示被动或完成的动作。
例如:"The lost key has been found."(丢失的钥匙已经找到了。
)(3)作宾语补足语:过去分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语,表示完成的动作或状态。
现在分词与过去分词的主要区别
现在分词与过去分词当定语的另一个区别是现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词则表示动作已经完成。例如:
It is wel a developing country.
众所周知,中国属于发展中国家。
We are determined to work harder so as to catch up with the developed countries.
现在分词当补语表示主动或动作正在进行;过去分词则表示被动或动作已经完成或者指状态。例如:
I saw some foreign guests entering the headmaster’s office.
我看见有几位外宾正走进校长的办公室。
Waiting outside the operating room, she felt her heart beating violently.
现在分词与过去分词的主要区别
现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。笔者想结合分词在定语、补语、状语及独立主格结构中的用法谈谈现在分词与过去分词的主要区别。
一、现在分词与过去分词当定语
现在分词与过去分词当定语的区别首先表现在被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系,过去分词当定语时被修饰的词与分词之间则是被动关系。单个分词作定语通常置于被修饰词之前,分词短语则要后置。例如:
3、强调条件时,一般只用过去分词。
Compared with other women, your mother is really lucky.
同其他妇女相比,你母亲真的很幸运。
4、如果用作时间状语,既表示被动又表示完成,可用过去分词也可用现在分词被动语态的完成式。
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
过去分词和现在分词的区别
1.在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物的行为;及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。
换言之,现在分词是它修饰的成分所作出的动作,过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。
2.在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。
3.做表语时的不同。
现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征,意思是“令人如何”。
过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感到如何”。
4.做状语的区别,分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。
现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。
而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。
过去分词的用法
1.表示过去:即表示过去某时已发生的被动动作--由于既有完成的意味,又有被动意味,符合过去分词的基本特征。
2.表示同时:即表示与谓语动词同时(或几乎同时)发生的被动动作。
3.表示状态:即现在已经存在的态或过去(当时)的存在的一种被动的状态。
4.表示经常性或泛指:过去分词有两个基本特点,一是表示被
动,二是表示完成。
现在分词的用法
1.现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生。
2.当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。
3.分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前,遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式,否定词应置于整个结构之前。
过去分词与现在分词
过去分词与现在分词用法比较英语中的分词分两种:现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。
虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足语、宾语补足语等,但是它们形式不同,而且语义也有差别。
现在从四方面举例说明。
⒈现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在实行的(例①-③);过去分词的动作是被动的和完成的(例④-⑥):① The boiling water is hot.② A sleep ing baby is good to look at.③ She has a smiling face.④ You can use the boiled water to make tea.⑤ Where is my lost key?⑥ A broken mirror cannot be repaired.有时,因为两个动词“异词同义”,其分词也跟着不同,如:⑦a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?⑧a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received.b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?⒉在语义上,现在分词和过去分词反映的心理状态不同。
前者有“令人……”的含义(见例⑨);过去分词则有“感到……”的意思(见例⑩):⑨ The soccer ma tch last night was thrilling.(令人紧张)⑩ The soccer fans were delighted.(感到快乐)其他例子有:● amazing: amazed;● annoying: annoyed;● boring: bored;● confusing: confused;● surprising: surprised;● terrifying: terrified试比较11a和b以及12a和b:11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time.12a. David came with some surprising news.12b. All were surprised at Sam's sudden resignation.⒊在作宾语补足语时,假如宾语是相关分词逻辑上的主语,就用现在分词,如:13. The teacher found a student dozing off.14. Don't keep the visitor waiting.假如宾语和相关分词有“动词+宾语”关系,那么这个分词就要是过去分词了,如:15. Where did you get your book printed?16. You should have your office whitewashed.在13里,正在打瞌睡的是宾语“a student”; 在14里,宾语是“the visitor”。
现在分词与过去分词的功能对比
现在分词与过去分词的功能对比在英语语法中,现在分词和过去分词是非常重要的两种非谓语动词形式,它们具有丰富的功能和用法,同时也存在着一些明显的差异。
理解和掌握它们的功能对比,对于提高英语语言的运用能力和理解能力至关重要。
现在分词通常由动词原形加上 ing 构成,而过去分词则通常是动词的过去式形式(规则动词)或者不规则的特定形式。
现在分词具有多种功能。
首先,它可以用作定语,修饰名词。
例如,“The running man is very fast”(正在跑步的那个人速度很快。
)这里的“running”就是现在分词,修饰“man”,强调动作正在进行。
现在分词还可以充当状语,表示伴随、原因、时间、条件等。
比如,“Walking in the park, she saw a beautiful flower”(在公园里散步时,她看到了一朵美丽的花。
)“Walking”在这里表示时间,即在散步这个动作进行的过程中发生了后面的事情。
另外,现在分词还能构成现在分词短语,与助动词 be 一起构成进行时态,如“is running”“was singing”等,用来描述正在进行的动作。
与之相比,过去分词也有着相似但又不同的功能。
同样可以用作定语,不过所表达的意义有所不同。
“The broken window needs to be repaired”(那个破碎的窗户需要修理。
)“broken”是过去分词,修饰“window”,强调的是已经完成的状态或者被动的意味。
过去分词作状语时,通常表示被动或完成的动作。
例如,“Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful”(从山顶上看,这座城市很美。
)“Seen”表示“被看”,动作是被动的。
在构成时态方面,过去分词与助动词 have/has/had 一起构成完成时态,如“have eaten”“had gone”等,强调动作的完成。
现在分词和过去分词的区别
【黄金点睛】现在分词和过去分词的区别:在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义;在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶分词的作用1、作定语(1)单个分词作定语,分词前置。
如:The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.(2)分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。
如:The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.(3)过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
如:Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.2、作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.(原因)Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. (条件)Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital. (原因)Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)注意:(1)选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。
动词的现在分词与过去分词的区别
动词的现在分词与过去分词的区别动词是语言中的重要组成部分,它们用于表达动作、状态和行为。
动词的现在分词和过去分词是动词的两种非谓语形式。
在英语语法中,它们有着不同的用法和构成。
一、现在分词的构成与用法现在分词是由动词的原形加上-ing构成的,例如:play(玩)→ playing(正在玩)。
现在分词可以用作动词、形容词和副词。
1. 作为动词:现在分词可以作为谓语动词,表示动作正在进行或正在进行的状态。
例:She is reading a book.(她正在看书。
)The birds are singing.(鸟儿在唱歌。
)2. 作为形容词:现在分词可以修饰名词或代词,表示该名词或代词所具有的特征或状态。
例:The running water sounds so soothing.(流动的水声音如此舒缓。
)The crying baby needs to be comforted.(哭泣的婴儿需要安慰。
)3. 作为副词:现在分词可以修饰动词或整个句子,表示附加的动作或方式。
例:He came running to catch the bus.(他跑着过来赶公交车。
)Considering the circumstances, I think we made the right decision.(考虑到情况,我认为我们做出了正确的决定。
)二、过去分词的构成与用法过去分词是由动词的原形加上-ed、-d、-t、-en或常见的不规则变化形式构成的,例如:play(玩)→ played(玩过了)。
过去分词可以用作动词、形容词和副词。
1. 作为动词:过去分词可以表示过去的动作或状态,常与助动词have或be连用,构成完成时态或被动语态。
例:They have finished their homework.(他们完成了作业。
)The house was built in 1990.(房屋建于1990年。
)2. 作为形容词:过去分词可以修饰名词或代词,表示由该名词或代词引起的动作或状态。
现在分词和过去分词的区别完整版
现在分词和过去分词的区别HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。
1)语态上不同:现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,表示被动的意思。
试比较:s u r p r i s i n g使人感到惊讶的(主动) s u r p r i s e d自己感到惊讶的(被动,即被惊讶的)a n e x c i t i n g s t o r y一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)e x c i t e d s p e c t a t o r s激动的观众(被动,即被引起激动的)a m o v i n g f i l m一部感动人的影片。
A m o v e d a u d i e n c e受感动的观众A t i r i n g j o u r n e y累人的旅行A t i r e d f o o t b a l l p l a y e r累了的足球运动员He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。
S h e i s i n t e r e s t e d i n a s t r o n o m y.她对天文学有兴趣。
也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的,它们只表示一个动作已完成,没有被动的意味。
如:t h e r i s e n s u n升起的太阳f a l l e n l e a v e s落叶t h e e x p l o d e d b o m b已爆炸了的炸弹a r e t i r e d m i n e r退休矿工r e t u r n e d s t u d e n t s归国留学生2)时间关系上不同:一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。
试比较:t h e c h a n g i n g w o r l d正在变化着的世界t h e c h a n g e d w o r l d已经起了变化的世界b o i l i n g w a t e r正在开的水b o i l e d w a t e r已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s发展中国家d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s发达国家分词和分词短语的用法1)作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词,一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别(一)分词的作用·现在分词可用于:·①构成进行时。
e.g. We are studying English.·②当副词作状语。
e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air.·I saw many birds flying along the river.·The story is very moving.·过去分词可用于:·①构成完成时。
e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.·②构成被动语态。
e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.·③当副词作状语。
e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. a boy named Tom·I saw the girl kille d with my own eyes.·I’m interested in English.(二)现在分词与过去分词的两大差别1. 现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在语态上:现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。
2. 现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上:现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成。
3. 把握主、被动关系的两个前提1)弄清动词的确切含义。
不少主、被动关系判断错误都是由于没弄清动词的确切含义造成的。
Wrong: Girls frighten snakes.Right: Girls fear snakes./ Snakes frighten girls.牢记: tire, disappoint, satisfy, terrify, interest, frighten, worry, excite, surprise, please, seat, puzzle, ect. 只能作及物动词,都有“使动”的特点,都含“使……”之义。
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别现在分词和过去分词都是英语中非常重要的语法形式,它们与动词密切相关,但在语法和用法上有其独特之处。
在本文中,我们将学习这两种分词的基本含义、语法用法以及相应的例子,以帮助大家更好地掌握这两种分词的用法区别。
1. 动态用法现在分词主要在动态用法中使用,表示正在进行或正在发生的动作(或状态)。
它通常表示主语正在进行的动作,也可以表示与主语有关的事情(例如,使动词、感觉动词和心理动词)。
以下是现在分词的动态用法的一些例子:- I'm taking a shower (我正在洗澡)。
- She's teaching her dog some tricks (她正在教她的狗一些技巧)。
- The music is playing loudly (音乐正在高声播放)。
- He's feeling sick today (他今天感觉不舒服)。
2. 形容词用法除了动态用法外,现在分词还可以用于形容词用法,形容词用法时表示主语的性质或特征。
这种用法通常用来描述对象或事物,并且可以被用作宾语或主语后的修饰语。
以下是现在分词的形容词用法的一些例子:4. 结构用法现在分词还可以用于结构用法,结构用法时通常用于现在分词和将来进行时或现在进行时一起使用,以强调某个动作或事件的重要性或长时间持续。
以下是现在分词的结构用法的一些例子:1. 过去的被动语态和完成时态过去分词主要用于过去的被动语态和完成时态。
它通常与 be 动词或 have 动词一起出现,以表示动词的被动或完成形式。
以下是过去分词的被动语态和完成时态的一些例子:可以看到,过去分词被用于描述过去的事情,例如完成的动作或被动的状态。
过去分词也可以用于形容词用法,表示受动作影响的人或物的性质或特征。
如过去分词可以形容被破坏的建筑物、被教育的学生等等。
以下是过去分词形容词用法的一些例子:3. 补语用法过去分词还可以用作补语,它是某些及物动词的现在分词形式,并在表达被动语态时使用,通常作为系动词 be 的补语。
现在分词与过去分词的区别
A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drunk
20.I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
Smiling, they came in.
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
9.He is an ________ teacher.
A. advancing B. advanced C. being advancing D. advance
10.________ exceptions, the rule may stand.
A. Allow for B. Allowing for C. To allow D.To allow for
Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
The game is exciting. (现在分词作表语)
8.The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday.
现在分词与过去分词的用法
现在分词与过去分词的用法分词作为英语语法的一种形式,在句子中起到了重要的作用。
其中,现在分词和过去分词是两种常见的形式,在句子中可用于表示动作或状态的变化。
本文将详细介绍现在分词和过去分词的用法及示例。
一、现在分词的用法1. 现在分词作状语现在分词可用作状语,修饰主句中的动词或整个句子。
它可以表示伴随、原因、结果等关系。
例1:Walking in the park, she enjoyed the beautiful scenery.(伴随关系)例2:Being tired, he decided to take a break.(原因关系)例3:The car crashed into a tree, killing the driver instantly.(结果关系)2. 现在分词作定语现在分词可以形容名词,作为定语修饰名词。
例4:The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.(形容词)例5:The running water sounded soothing.(形容词)3. 现在分词与现在分词短语现在分词与现在分词短语可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
例6:Smiling is contagious.(主语)例7:I saw him playing basketball in the park.(宾语)例8:Her main duty is taking care of the patients.(表语)例9:They kept the fire burning all night.(宾补)二、过去分词的用法1. 过去分词作定语过去分词可以修饰名词,作为定语使用。
例10:The broken window has been fixed.(形容词)例11:I visited the abandoned house yesterday.(形容词)2. 过去分词与过去分词短语过去分词与过去分词短语可以用作被动语态、完成时态、副词等。
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现在分词和过去分词的用法区别(一)分词的作用·现在分词可用于:·①构成进行时。
e.g. We are studying English.·②当副词作状语。
e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air.·I saw many birds flying along the river.·The story is very moving.·过去分词可用于:·①构成完成时。
e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.·②构成被动语态。
e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.·③当副词作状语。
e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. a boy named Tom·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes.·I’m interested in English.(二)现在分词与过去分词的两大差别1.在语态上:现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。
2.在时态上:现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成。
(三)确定分词的使用的具体步骤(1)根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分(2)找准逻辑主语(3)判断主、被动关系(4)选定现在或过去分词1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be playing3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. inviting5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written(四)分词作表语共同点:分词作表语时,它起着形容词的作用。
不同点:分词作表语时,句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。
但现在分词作表语时,与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;而过去分词则表示被动关系,所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The news sounds ____.A. encouragingB. encouragedC. encourageD. to encourage2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time?—Well, his father seems ____ with his results.A. pleasingB. pleaseC. pleasedD. to please3. —How did the audience receive the new play?—They got very ____.A . exciteB . excitedC . excitedlyD . exciting(五)分词作宾语补足语共同点:分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语,对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
不同点:分词作宾语补足语时,句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。
但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;而过去分词则表示被动关系,所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying2. —Good morning. Can I help you?—I’d like to have the package ____, madam.A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.A. understandB. understandingC. understoodD. understands4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.A. movedB. movingC. movesD. to move(六)分词作状语共同点:分词作状语时,一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。
不同点:分词作状语时,句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。
但现在分词作状语时,与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;而过去分词则表示被动关系,所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ,____ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to addC. addingD. added4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied【模拟试题】I. 单项选择1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.A. To seeB. SeeingC. Having seenD. Being seen2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.A. fixB. fixingC. fixedD. to fix3. We’re ___ to list en to her ____ voice. It’s ___to hear her sing.A. pleased; pleasing; pleasureB. pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC. pleasing; pleased; a pleasureD. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.A. Passed, buyingB. Passing, to buyC. Having passed, buyD. Pass, to buy5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A. ComparingB. To compareC. ComparedD. Having compared6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.A. designingB. designC. designedD. to design7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A. To saveB. SavingC. SavedD. Having saved8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.A. followingB. to be followingC. followedD. having followed9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.A. to loseB. losingC. lostD. has lost10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.A. being heardB. hearingC. heardD. hear11. The result of the test was rather _____.A. disappointedB. disappointingC. being disappointedD. disappoint12. I’ve never he ard the word ____in spoken English.A. useB. usedC. usingD. being used13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.A. Not to knowB. Not knowingC. Knowing notD. Not known14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.A. being movingB. movedC. movingD. to be moved15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.A. cameB. comesC. comeD. coming16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.A. Having shownB. ShowingC. Has shownD. Having been shown17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.A. gatheringB. gatheredC. gatherD. being gathered18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.A. followB. followingC. followedD. being followed19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.A. reduceB. reducingC. reducedD. reduces20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.A. liveB. to liveC. livedD. living21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.A. understandB. understandingC. to understandD. understood22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.A. settleB. settledC. to settleD. settling23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.A. busily preparedB. busy preparingC. busily prepareD. are busily preparing24. The ground is _____with ____ leaves.A. covering, fallingB. covered, fallingC. covered, fallenD. covering, fallen25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.A. to learnB. learnC. learnedD. learning。