语言学期末复习练习及答案

英语语言学期末预测及答案Translate the following terms into Chinese: %×10=5%)1) affricate 2)distinctive feature 3) parole 4) generative grammar5) bilingualism 6) felicity condition 7) design feature8) denotation 9) labiodental 10) linguistic relativityTranslate the following terms into English:%×10=5%)11)人际功能 12) 真值条件 13)女性语域 14)音节划分 15)结构主义16)社会语言学 17) 论元 18)单元音 19)衔接 20)对比分析III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A, B,C orD on the answer sheet. (1%×20=20%)1). language is a system of arbitrary _________ symbols used for human communication.A. culturalB. conventionalC. decodedD. vocal2). A word with several meanings is called _________.A. an abnormal wordB. a polysemous wordC. a synonymous wordD. none of the above3). There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “learned” is known as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4). The syntactic rules of any language are ________ in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite5). “I picked some tulips.” __________ “I picked some flowers.”.A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6). Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.X: Who was that you were with last nightY: Did you know that you were wearing odd socksA. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7) “Can I borrow your bike” _____ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes8) The study of language at one point of time is a _______ study.A. synchronicB. historicC. diachronicD. descriptive9) Which of the following is a typical tone languageA. EnglishB. ChineseC. FrenchD. All of the above10) Two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in ___________.A. phonemic contrastB. complementary distributionC. minimal pairD. none of the above11) In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of _________.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental12) Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _______ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. N. ChomskyC. F. SaussureD. M. A. K. Halliday13) Which of the following is a correct description of referenceA. a relationship between an expression and other expressions which have the same meaningB. the set of all objects which can potentially be referred to by an expressionC. a relationship between a particular object in the world and an expressionused in an utterance to pick out that objectD. an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items14) What is function of the sentence “How do you do’A. DirectiveB. PhaticC. InformativeD. Evocative15) In the following sounds, ________is a central vowel.A. /ә/B. /u/C. /æ/D. /з/16) Which of the following languages has the syllabic writing systemA. ChineseB. JapaneseC. EnglishD. French17) Which description of the meaning components of the word “father” is rightA. [+human, +adult,-male]B. [+human, -adult, +male]C. [–human, +adult, -male]D. [+human, +adult, +male]18) Once the notion of ________ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics.A. meaningB. contextC. formD. content19) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological, morphological and syntactic systems which are _______.A. rule-governedB. systematicC. arbitraryD. both A and B20) “Hot dog” with the first syllable stressed means _________.A. an overheated animalB. a kind of foodC. a barking dogD. a dead dogIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:(15 pts, 1 point for each)Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false: (1%×15=15%)1)Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.2)According to N. Chomsky, “competence” is the actual realization of hisknowledge in utterance.3)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.4)Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the membersof a speech community.5)Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentences patternsof a language.6)Languages differ in their selection of contrastive sounds.7)The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation.8)Constituents that can be substituted for one another with loss ofgrammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.9)According to semantic triangle, there is no direct link between a symboland referent, . between a word and a thing it refers to.10) A referring expression can be used to refer to nonexistent things.11) All the grammatically well-formed sentences are semanticallywell-formed.12) Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for bysemantics.13) An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought aboutby the utterance.14) Social dialects, or sociolects, are varieties of language used by peoplebelonging to particular social classes.15) The structural tests focus on the communicative and linguisticcompetence.V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)1)The three branches of phonetics are labeled as a____________ phonetics,auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively.2)One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of speech overw_________.3)S_________ studies the sentence structure of language.4)C____________ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a wordcan be divided into meaning components.5)The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are h_____________.6)H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_________ transcription.7)Linguistics’found that it would be impossible to give an adequatedescription of meaning if the c_________ of language use was left unconsidered.8)Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer anda _______of messages.9)Language may determine our thinking pattern and similarity betweenlanguages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. This has often been called the Sapir-Whorf h___________.10)S______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study oflanguage.the following terms: %×20=10%)Translate the following terms into Chinese: %×10=5%)1)塞擦音 2)区别性特征 3) 言语 4)生成语法 5)双语现象6)适切条件 7)结构特征 8)外延 9)唇齿音 10)语言相对论Translate the following terms into English:%×10=5%)11)interpersonal function 12) truth condition 13)women register 14)syllabification 15) structuralism 16) sociolinguistics 17) argument 18) monophthong 19)cohesion 20) contrastive analysisIII. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of thefour choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.(1%×20=20%)1-5 DBCCA 6-10 CDABB 11-15 BBCBA 16-20 BDBDBIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true orfalse.(1%×15=15%)1-5 FFFFF 6-10 FFFTT 11-15 FTFTFV. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, thefirst letter of which is already given as a clue. (1％×10=10％)1) articulatory 2) writing 3) syntax 4) contituent5)homograph6) broad 7)context 8)receiver 9) hypothesis 10) Speech。