0虚拟语气和独立主格结构100+25

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虚拟语气的八种情况

虚拟语气的八种情况

No.1虚拟语气的常见类型和句型(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。

B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。

C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。

The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”I wish that he weren’t so lazy.(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。

例如:I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。

I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。

高级语法(独立主格结构,虚拟语气,否定,强调)

高级语法(独立主格结构,虚拟语气,否定,强调)

高级语法(独立主格结构,虚拟语气,否定,强调)独立主格结构一、独立结构的构成:只有当分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,我们才能用独立结构。

独立结构只用做状语,多用于书面语言。

常见的独立结构有以下几种:(一)名词/代词+分词(包括现在分词和过去分词):1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴随情况)2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴随情况)(二)名词/代词+形容词:1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴随情况)2、He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴随情况)(三)名词/代词+副词:1、He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示补充说明)2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示补充说明) (四)名词/代词+介词(短语)1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴随情况)2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴随情况)二独立结构在句子中的作用。

独立结构在句子中只能做状语,这种结构可以用来:(一)表示时间:His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)(二)表示原因:The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )(三)表示条件:Weather permi tting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)(四)表示伴随情况或伴随状况:They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.(五)表示补充说明:He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)三独立变格的变化在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加”with”1、——Why are they talking all the equipment away?——The job ( ), they are packing up to leave.A it to doneB didC was didD done2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed morerapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.虚拟语气1. if 引导的虚拟语气2.倒装形式Were I you (=if I were you) , I would get up early in the morning.Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday(=If you had arrived…), you could have caught the train.Should it rain (=If it should rain), the crops would be saved.【2】馒头面条原理【3】固定句型It is time that ...Would rather that .....(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.(4).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气1.It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school.练习1.He’ll be busy this afternoon. If he ___ free, he ___ to the cinema with you.A.were to be; might goB. am going to be; will goC.will be; might have goneD. is; will go2. When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people _____ all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.A. turn offB. turned offC. would turn offD. had turned off3. Had I known her name, _____.A.or does she know mine?B. and where does she live?C. I would have invited her to lunchD. she would be beautiful4. I’d rather you ______ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.A. would goB. should goC. wentD. had gone5. The victim ________ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.would have a chance to survive (06.12翻译)6. The professor required that ________ (我们交研究报告)。

高中英语之虚拟语气详细讲解

高中英语之虚拟语气详细讲解

虚拟语气(1)——倒推时态类定义:虚拟语气是一种动词形式,有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(非真实条件状从和让步状从)2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议(名词性从句:主宾表同)使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿(与事实相反或不太可能实现)(如果我是宇航员,我要在月球上跳舞)2.用来缓和语气,使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体(如果你能接受我的邀请,我将不胜感激)3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪(你要是能考上大学,全家都烧高香了)4.表示适度的责备或批评(如果你那时更耐心点,现在我们都成功了)5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福(祝你成功)1.虚拟条件句一般虚拟条件句混合虚拟语气(错综时间条件句)定义:条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致例子:If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果那时你听了我的建议,现在已经好了If it hadn’t been for you, I would have to make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话,我明天还要再走一趟。

If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话,你现在就是大学生了。

省略+倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,并将were,should,had提前于句首,变为倒装句。

如果虚拟条件句是否定句,not 保留在原处If he should agree to go there, we should send him there.= Should he agree to go there,we should send him there.If she were there,she would agree with us.= Were she were, she would agree with us.If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him.= Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him.含蓄虚拟条件句定义:有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句分类:1) but for....=(If it+be not for) ;without;Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= If it hadn’t been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.没有你的帮助,我们不可能完成任务。

如何搞清虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格?

如何搞清虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格?

如何搞清虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格?一.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。

虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。

虚拟语气主要分为与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反以及与将来事实相反三个种类。

让我们一一来看下它们的结构和用法吧!1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do:If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。

(事实:我不可能是你)If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。

(事实:不知道)If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。

(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。

(事实:没有带钱)If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。

(事实:没有努力)If I were you,I'd wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你,我就会穿衬衫和领带。

(事实:我并不是你)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have doneeg:If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。

虚拟语气三种基本结构表格

虚拟语气三种基本结构表格

虚拟语气三种基本结构表格虚拟语气是一种表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非事实状态的语法现象。

根据虚拟语气的用法,可以将它分为三种基本结构:虚拟条件句、虚拟假设句和虚拟祈使句。

一、虚拟条件句虚拟条件句用于表示与事实相反或不可能实现的条件。

虚拟条件句一般由“if”引导,主句可以用"would/could/should/might + 动词"的形式来表示结果。

1.虚拟条件句基本结构:-如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词使用过去完成时。

例如:If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.(如果我学习更努力一些,我就能通过考试了。

)-如果主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的谓语动词使用过去完成时。

例如:If it hadn't rained, we would have gone to the park.(如果没有下雨,我们就去公园了。

)2.虚拟条件句的用法:-表示与现在事实相反的假设;例如:If I were you, I would quit that job.(如果我是你,我就辞职。

)-表示与过去事实相反的假设;例如:If I had known it, I would have told you.(如果我当时知道,我就告诉你了。

)-表示对未来的猜测、设想或假设;例如:If he arrives late, we will start without him.(如果他迟到了,我们将开始而不等他。

)二、虚拟假设句虚拟假设句用于表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设。

虚拟假设句的谓语动词一般使用"should/were"的形式。

1.虚拟假设句基本结构:-表示与现在事实相反的假设:例如:I wish I were taller.(但事实上我并不高。

)-表示与将来事实相反的假设:例如:If I should see him, I will tell him.(但我并不打算去找他。

英语中的虚拟语气构成和用法

英语中的虚拟语气构成和用法

英语中的虚拟语气构成和用法虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语法结构,用来表达与事实相反、与现实相反或与过去相反的假设、愿望、建议等。

掌握虚拟语气的构成和用法对于提高英语表达能力至关重要。

一、虚拟语气的构成1. 虚拟语气的构成主要包括以下几种形式:动词的过去式、be动词的过去式(were)、should + 动词原形、would + 动词原形、had + 过去分词、were to + 动词原形等。

例如:- If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更加努力学习。

)- It's high time that he went to bed.(他早该睡觉了。

)- I wish I had more time to travel.(我希望我有更多的时间旅行。

)2. 虚拟语气的构成还可以通过连词或短语来表达,如:as if, as though, suppose, if only, would rather等。

例如:- He spoke as if he were the boss.(他说话的口气好像他是老板。

)- I wish you would come to my party.(我希望你能来参加我的派对。

)二、虚拟语气的用法1. 表达与现在事实相反的假设:虚拟语气可以用来表达与现在事实相反的假设情况。

例如:- If I were you, I would quit that job.(如果我是你,我会辞掉那份工作。

)- I wish I had more money.(我希望我有更多的钱。

)2. 表达与过去事实相反的假设:虚拟语气可以用来表达与过去事实相反的假设情况。

例如:- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.(如果我学得更努力,我就能通过考试了。

)- I wish I had known about the party earlier.(我希望我早点知道这个派对。

英文虚拟语气结构

英文虚拟语气结构

英文虚拟语气结构英文虚拟语气结构是英语语法中常见的一种语气形式,用来表达非真实或假设情况。

虚拟语气结构通常由“if”引导的条件从句和主句中的“would/could/should/might”等情态动词构成。

以下是一些常见的虚拟语气结构:1. If + 主语 + 过去式,主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形例如:If I had more money, I would buy a new car.2. If + 主语 + had + 过去分词,主语 +would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词例如:If she had studied harder, she could have passed the exam.3. If + 主语 + were,主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形例如:If I were you, I would take the job.4. It issuggested/recommended/desirable/essential/imperative + that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形例如:It is essential that you (should) arrive on time for the meeting.5. If only + 主语 + 动词过去式,主语 +would/could/should/might + 动词原形例如:If only he had told me earlier, I could have helped him.虚拟语气结构在英语中应用广泛,尤其是在商务、学术和文学领域。

掌握虚拟语气结构的使用方法可以帮助我们更加准确地表达自己的意思,并在交流中更加自信和流利。

英语《虚拟语气》语法知识总结归纳

英语《虚拟语气》语法知识总结归纳

英语《虚拟语气》语法知识总结归纳虚拟语气(Subjunctive mood)是英语中一种特殊的语气形式,用于表示说话人的假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令等非真实情况。

虚拟语气在句子中通常与动词的调整和语法结构上的变化相关。

以下是对虚拟语气的语法知识的总结归纳:1.条件句中的虚拟语气:1.1 条件句中表示对现在的假设:使用虚拟语气的一般公式是:if + 主语 + 过去式,主句使用would/could/should/might + 动词原形。

例如:- If I were you, I would go to the meeting.(如果我是你,我会去开会。

)注意,这里的"were"是一个特殊的虚拟语气形式,用于所有人称和数。

- If she had studied harder, she might have passed the exam.(如果她努力学习,她可能会通过考试。

)1.2 条件句中表示对过去的假设:使用虚拟语气的一般公式是:if + 主语 + 过去完成时,主句使用would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词。

例如:- If I had known it, I would have told you.(如果我知道了,我会告诉你的。

)- If she had arrived earlier, she might have caught the bus.(如果她早点到,她可能会赶上公共汽车。

)2.虚拟条件句中的特殊情况:2.1 在虚拟条件句中表示命令、建议时,主句中的动词可以使用动词原形(而不是would/could/should/might + 动词原形)。

例如:- If you have any questions, please let me know.(如果你有任何问题,请告诉我。

)- If I were you, I would take a break.(如果我是你,我会休息一下。

虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表示假设、猜测

虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表示假设、猜测

虚拟语气:是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表示假设、猜测、建议、主观愿望、夸张或空想,而非客观事实。

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这是主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.1.虚拟语气倒装形式(省略if)虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, had可以将if省略再把上述这些词移到句首实行倒装。

If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. →Should it rain, the crops would be saved.注:在倒装时,不能有缩略形式:Weren’t it for the expense (*)→Were it not for the expense2.介词短语代替条件状语从句常用词:with, but for, withoutWhat would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help) Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, …= If it had not been for your help, …= Had it not been for you help, …3.含蓄条件句有在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。

虚拟语气&独立主格

虚拟语气&独立主格

一、非真实条件句 虚语语气
分类
二、Be 型虚拟语气
三、虚拟语气特殊句型
1. 条件句
Real Conditional Sentences
2. 混合条件句
3. 条件句的倒装
Unreal Conditional Sentences
4. 含蓄条件句 同过去相 同现在相 对将来
反的假设 反的假设 的假想
Real Conditional Sentences
句型 同现在事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 If + 一般过去时, should/would + 动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
If there were no subjective mood, English would be much easier.
Unreal Conditional Sentence
Unreal Conditional 表示过去,现在和将来的情 况。基本特点是时态退后。 Sentences
句型 对将来的假想 条件从句 If + 一般去时, 主句
should + 动词原形 would + 动词原形
If + were + 不定式,
If + should + 动词原形,
• If you succeeded, everything would be all right. • If you should succeed, everything would be all right. • If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结虚拟语气用于表示与现实相反的假设。

在非真实条件句中,如果从句表示与现在事实相反的假设,主句应该使用XXX动词原形。

例如,如果我有时间,我会参加会议。

如果你是我,你会抓住出国的机会。

如果从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,主句应该使用主语+XXX过去分词。

例如,如果你听从了我的建议,你就不会在考试中失败了。

如果从句表示与将来事实相反的假设,主句应该使用主语+XXX动词原形。

例如,如果你明天来,我们就会开会。

如果明天下雨,我们就会推迟运动会。

如果他明天不来,我们就会推迟会议到下周一。

有时候,条件状语从句和主句所表示的时间不一致,这时候被称为错综时间条件句。

动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

例如,如果你刚才听从了我的建议,你现在会更好。

如果你之前努力研究,你现在就是一名大学生了。

在条件句中,可以省略if,把were、had、should提到句首,变成倒装句式。

例如,如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力研究。

→Were I at school again。

I would study harder.Had you arrived earlier。

you would have caught the bus.If it rains tomorrow。

we won't be able to go climbing.What would you do if you had a n dollars?Without your help。

we XXX the work ahead of time.I was ill that day。

otherwise I XXX.He called me to inform me about your birthday。

or else I wouldn't have known about it.A man who s drinking water would be dead in about seven days.I might have been able to offer you more assistance。

高级语法(独立主格结构,虚拟语气,否定,强调)

高级语法(独立主格结构,虚拟语气,否定,强调)

高级语法(独立主格结构,虚拟语气,否定,强调)独立主格结构一、独立结构的构成:只有当分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,我们才能用独立结构。

独立结构只用做状语,多用于书面语言。

常见的独立结构有以下几种:(一)名词/代词+分词(包括现在分词和过去分词):1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴随情况)2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴随情况)(二)名词/代词+形容词:1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴随情况)2、He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴随情况)(三)名词/代词+副词:1、He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示补充说明)2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示补充说明) (四)名词/代词+介词(短语)1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴随情况)2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴随情况)二独立结构在句子中的作用。

独立结构在句子中只能做状语,这种结构可以用来:(一)表示时间:His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)(二)表示原因:The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )(三)表示条件:Weather permi tting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)(四)表示伴随情况或伴随状况:They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.(五)表示补充说明:He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)三独立变格的变化在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加”with”1、——Why are they talking all the equipment away?——The job ( ), they are packing up to leave.A it to doneB didC was didD done2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed morerapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.虚拟语气1. if 引导的虚拟语气2.倒装形式Were I you (=if I were you) , I would get up early in the morning.Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday(=If you had arrived…), you could have caught the train.Should it rain (=If it should rain), the crops would be saved.【2】馒头面条原理【3】固定句型It is time that ...Would rather that .....(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.(4).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气1.It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school.练习1.He’ll be busy this afternoon. If he ___ free, he ___ to the cinema with you.A.were to be; might goB. am going to be; will goC.will be; might have goneD. is; will go2. When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people _____ all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.A. turn offB. turned offC. would turn offD. had turned off3. Had I known her name, _____.A.or does she know mine?B. and where does she live?C. I would have invited her to lunchD. she would be beautiful4. I’d rather you ______ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.A. would goB. should goC. wentD. had gone5. The victim ________ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.would have a chance to survive (06.12翻译)6. The professor required that ________ (我们交研究报告)。

虚拟语气基本结构

虚拟语气基本结构

虚拟语气基本结构小朋友,作为一名小学生,1500 字的文章对我们来说可真是个大挑战呀!不过没关系,让我来努力试试给您讲讲虚拟语气的基本结构。

虚拟语气呀,就像是一个神奇的魔法,能让我们说出那些在现实中不太可能发生或者只是想象中的事情。

比如说,如果我是一只小鸟,那我就能自由自在地在天空中飞翔啦!这里的“如果我是一只小鸟”就是虚拟语气。

它表达的不是真实的情况,而是一种假设、想象。

虚拟语气有三种基本结构呢。

第一种,如果是对现在情况的虚拟,结构就是“if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 动词用were),主语+ would/could/should/might + 动词原形”。

就好像说“如果我有魔法,我就能让作业一下子都完成!”这里“如果我有魔法(If I had magic)”就是用了过去式,“我就能让作业一下子都完成(I would finish my homework at once)”就是would + 动词原形。

第二种,对过去情况的虚拟,结构是“if + 主语+ had + 过去分词,主语+ would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词”。

举个例子,“如果我昨天认真复习了,我考试就不会考得这么差!” “如果我昨天认真复习了(If I had reviewed carefully yesterday)”这部分就是had + 过去分词,“我考试就不会考得这么差(I wouldn't have done so badly in the exam)”这里就是would + have + 过去分词。

第三种,对将来情况的虚拟,结构是“if + 主语+ were to + 动词原形,主语+ would/could/should/might + 动词原形;if + 主语+ should + 动词原形,主语+ would/could/should/might + 动词原形;if + 主语+ 动词的过去式,主语+would/could/should/might + 动词原形”。

高中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的构成与应用

高中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的构成与应用

高中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的构成与应用虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个重要概念,用来表达与事实相反、虚构或假设的情况。

学好虚拟语气的构成和应用是高中英语学习中的关键之一。

本文将对虚拟语气的构成及其常见应用进行归纳总结,以帮助同学们更好地掌握这一知识点。

一、虚拟语气的构成1. 虚拟语气的基本形式虚拟语气的基本形式是由动词的原形构成。

在if条件从句中、一些特殊的固定结构和特殊的动词后面所引导的宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中常常使用虚拟语气。

例如:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更加努力学习。

)It's time that we went to bed.(是我们该睡觉的时候了。

)She demanded that he apologize to her.(她要求他向她道歉。

)2. 虚拟语气的时态虚拟语气并没有自己的时态,通常与过去的时态相呼应。

即主句使用过去时态,虚拟语气中的动词使用过去完成时。

例如:If I had known it earlier, I would have told you.(如果我早知道,我会告诉你的。

)3. 虚拟语气的主谓一致在虚拟语气中,主从句的谓语动词要求保持一致。

即主句中虚拟语气的谓语动词为虚拟语气形式,从句中谓语动词按照实际情况使用。

例如:He suggested that I go to the party.(他建议我去参加聚会。

)They insisted that he apologize to them.(他们坚持要求他向他们道歉。

)二、虚拟语气的应用1. 表达与事实相反的虚拟条件虚拟语气常用于表示与事实相反的条件语句。

如果与过去事实相反,从句的谓语动词使用过去完成时。

例如:If I were you, I would buy a new car.(如果我是你,我会买一辆新车。

)2. 表达虚拟愿望与建议虚拟语气还可以用于表达愿望、建议等含义。

虚拟语气的构成与用法详解

虚拟语气的构成与用法详解

虚拟语气的构成与用法详解虚拟语气是指在表达某种假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实情况时使用的一种语气形式。

在汉语中,虚拟语气通常通过词语的选择、句子结构和语调等来表示。

虚拟语气的使用增强了表达者对所述情况的主观态度或情感色彩,具有一定的语气语法特点。

一、虚拟语气的构成虚拟语气的构成主要有以下几种形式:1. 动词的虚拟形式在某些动词后跟不定式或用于表达愿望、建议、推测等意思时,动词会采用虚拟形式。

例如:- If I were you, I would study harder.(若我是你,我会更加努力学习。

)- I wish I could play the guitar.(但愿我能弹吉他。

)2. “should + 动词原形”在某些句子中,为了表示一种建议、命令或愿望,可使用“should + 动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。

例如:- It is important that you should arrive on time.(重要的是你应该准时到达。

)- He insisted that she should apologize.(他坚持她应该道歉。

)3. “were to + 动词原形”表示假设情况或对未来的推测,可以使用“were to + 动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。

例如:- If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们会待在家里。

)- Suppose he were to win the lottery, what would he do?(假设他中了彩票,他会怎么办?)二、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气在英语中常用于以下几种情况:1. 表示假设或假设条件虚拟语气常用于表达与现实相反的假设情况。

例如:- If I had more money, I would travel around the world.(如果我有更多的钱,我会周游世界。

独立主格结构定义、用法、构成详解

独立主格结构定义、用法、构成详解

独立主格结构定义、用法、构成详解(最新版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如词性大全、句法大全、句型大全、从句大全、时态大全、语态大全、语法大全、虚拟语气、用法辨析、其他资料等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as part of speech, syntax, sentence pattern, clause, tense, voice, grammar, subjunctive, usage analysis, other materials, etc. If you want to know the different formats and writing methods of the model essay, please pay attention!独立主格结构定义、用法、构成详解独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成,最喜爱语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子,具有以下特点:1、独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句,可表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况;2、独立主格结构可置于句首,也可以放在句尾;3、独立主格结构主要用于书面语;4、独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句中语法主语不同,不指同一个人或同一事物。

虚拟语气+独立主格

虚拟语气+独立主格

“独立结构”(A bsolute Construction)1.独立结构的实质和类型所谓“独立结构”(Absolute Construction)实质就是带有自己主语的非限定分句和无动词分句。

如前所述,非限定分句和无动词分句通常是以主语的一定成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主语。

但也有一些非限定分句和无动词分句带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,因此叫“独立结构”。

其实,所谓“独立结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属分词。

“独立结构”按其结构形式,分为不定式“独立结构”,-ing分词“独立结构”,-ed分词“独立结构”和无动词“独立结构”,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。

例如:(1)A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on. 许多官员尾随皇帝之后,有的拎着皇帝的衣袍,有的则给他整腰带等。

(some to hold…和others toadjust…为不定式独立结构)(2)There being nothing else to do, we left. 由于没有其它事情可做,我们离开了。

(There being…为-ing分词独立结构)(3)She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝视着,双手叉在胸前。

(her hands clasped…为-ed分词独立结构)(4)He went off, gun in hand. 他手里拿着枪离开了。

(gun in hand为无动词独立结构)(5)The floor wet and slippery, we stayed outside. 由于地板又湿又滑,我们呆在屋外。

(The floor wet…为无动词“独立结构”)2.“独立结构”的用法和意义由上述诸例可以看出,“独立结构”与主语之间通常用逗号隔开,但也有用破折号的。

0虚拟语气和独立主格结构100+25

0虚拟语气和独立主格结构100+25

0虚拟语气和独立主格结构100+25T est Three Subjunctive Mood1.I’d just as soon those important papers with you.A) that you won’t take B) your not taking C) please don’t take D)you didn’t take2.I’d rather that you the operation right away.A) perform B) should C) will perform D) performed3.It’s about time the police illegal off-course (场外投机活动)horse betting.A) do away with B) did away with C) did away D) should do away4.It’s time he strong ac tion against them.A) is taking B) took C) takes D) will take5.She speaks as if she on the spot.A) was B) had C) were D) is6.It’s imperative that you there in person.A) be B) will C) will D) are7.It’s necessary that an efficient worker his work on tom e.A) accomplishes B) can accomplish C) accomplish D) has accomplished8.I hope you less trouble from now on.A) will have B) to have C) will have had D) could have had9. He wishes he to the theatre last night.A) has gone B) went C) had gone D) would go10. I wish I __ with you last night.A) went B) could have gone C) have gone D) could go11. "I am surprised to learn that you are going back to Chicago.” “Y es, I'd hoped that I __ have to go back again, but I do.”A) don' t B) won't C) hadn’t D) wouldn't12. I wish that you such a bad headache because I'm sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A) hadn't B) didn't have had C) hadn't had D) hadn't have13. Kumar can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he me now.A) teaches B) will teach C) has taught D) would teach14.The headmaster was strict. He requested that we television on week nights.A) not watch B) must not watch C) not be watching D) haven't watched15. My father didn't go to New Y ork; the doctor suggested that he there.A) not to go B) won't C) not go D) not to go to16. He insisted that we all in his office at one o'clock.A) be B) to be C) would be D) shall be17. If we sooner, we might have got there.A} started B) had started C) would have started D) start18. If he the detective honestly, he would not have been arrested.A) would have answered B) answered C) should answer D) had answered19. Had she been older, she __ less sympathetic.A) had been B) might have been C) might be D) would be20. you were coming today, I'd have met you at the airport.A) Have I known B) I have known C) Had I known D) I had known21. If you see Mr. Allen, give him my regards.A) should B) would C) will D) shall22. If it tomorrow, I think, I'll attend the class.A) will rain B) had rained C) rained D) rains23. The business is risky. But , we would be rich.A) should we succeed B) would we succeed C) might we succeed D) could we succeed24. today, he would get there by Friday.A) W ould he leave B) W as he leaving C) W ere he to leaveD) If he leaves25. If you that late movie last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.A) haven't watched B) didn't watch C) hadn't watched D) wouldn't have watched26. Many dead would now be alive if they __ to return for something.A) haven't attempted B) would have attempted C) hadn't attempted D) wouldn't attempt27. "It's high time the doctor __ a move on," thought one of the men.A) gets B) got C) is getting D) was getting28. I'd rather you . anything about it for the time beingA) do B) didn't do C) don't D) didn't29. "He's already on the wrong side of forties. It’s about time he himself a wife and settled down.A) finds B) should find C) found D) had found30. "I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon. ""That’s all right, but I wish he __ buy one of his own."A) can B) would C) will D) should31. I Professor Jones had taught me this equationA) believe B) wish C) deeply think D) am guessing32. It's preferable that racial segregation ended,A) is B) was C) will be D) be33. It is essential that the temperature elevated to a pointwhere the substance formed may become unstable and decompose intoconstituent elementsA) is not B) would not be C) had not been D) not be34. It is advisable that a general announcement made to the staff.A) would be B) is C) will be D) should be35. She demands that the children her.A) obeys B) obey C) obeyed D) obeying36. The lawyer asked that the case postponed for one month,A) be B) was C) would be D) shall be37.Just before they landed, the hostess suggested his passport ready.A) Eric to have B) Eric having C) to Eric to have D) Eric have38.He ordered that parking on Main Street during the rush hour.A) be prohibiting B )be prohibited C) is prohibited D) was prohibited39. I recommended that you all diligent if you want to pass the exam.A) are B) shall be C) be D) will be40.His recommendation that the Air Force the UFO sighting was approved by the commission are referred to the appropriate committee.A) was investigating B) investigates C) investigated D) investigate41.She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it a part of sunshine above.A) was B) were C) is D) be42.I don’t know, but he certainly looks he’d lost his bestfriend.A) that B) so that C) as D) as if43.Some days go by much more quickly than others. Some hours seem as if they .A) would never end B) should never ended C) had never ended D) had never ended44.I dare not tell you what he did he should be angry with.A) for fear that B) fear that C)in case D)so that45.“Y ou finally made i t, didn’t you?”“Y es, your help, I would not have succeeded.”A) but that B) but if C) thanks to D) but for46.Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology .A) haven’t been achieved B) wouldn’t be achieved C) hadn’t been achieved D) wouldn’t have been achieved47.I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped .A) him calling me B) that he would call me C) him to call meD) that he call me48.George would certainly have attended the proceedings .A) if he didn’t get a flat tire B) if the flat hadn’t happenedC) had the tire not flattened itself D) had he not had a flat tire49. at the price list, he’d have known what to expect.A) Had Mr. Robinson looked C) If Mr. Robinson lookedB) If Mr. Robinson would have looked D) Had Mr. Robinson been looked50.He spoke in a quite, distant voice, as though his thoughtA) was far away B) did far away C) does far away D) were far away51.Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting .A) be adjourned B) should cancel C) be going to cancel D) isto adjourn52.Her accent argues that she born abroad.A)) is B) was C) should be D) would be53.The committee resolved that a new secretary .A) be appointed B) appoints C) will be appointed D) will appoint54.He asks he an opportunity to explain his case.A) is given B) gives C) be given D) should give55.I move that the money for library books.A) is used B) be used C) being used D) uses56.talk, one would take him for a fool.A) On hearing B) Being heard to C) Heard to D) To hear him57. Born in better times, he greater success.A) would have achieved B) achieves C) achieved D) had achieved58. It will be better that she to China.A) will come B) has come C) come D) came59. It’s odd that he that.A) mention B)mentions C)has mentioned D)didn’t mention60. wish to see her is natural.A) John will B) John should C) That John will D) That John should61. It’s a pity that he college.A) doesn’t finish B) would have finished C) hasn’t finishedD)didn’t finish62. She hurried on lest she him again.A) meet B) meets C) may meet D) didn’t finish63. He is unwilling to say what was in his mind, for fear that it trouble.A) started B) may have started C) might start D) may be64. She started kissing me as though we on our honeymoon.A) are B) should be C) had been D) would have been65. Though he the president himself, he will hear us.A) was B) be C) will be D) would be66. A closer observer it.A)would have noticed B) will notice C) will have noticed D) would notice67. I am anxious that nobody where I am going.A) had known B) knew C) should know D) has the idea that68. His opinion, whether it right or wrong, should be considered.A) will be B) be C) had been D) were69. Supposing I this offer what would you ?A) accept…have said B) accepted…have said C) accepted…sayD) accept…say70. Birds are good friends to man. them, the world would be overrun with insects.A) But for B) If it had not been for C) But that D) If not71.They spoke in whispers lest they heard.A) be B) are C) will be D) would have been72.I should have married her her father refused meA)if it had not been for B) if it were not for C) but for D) but that73.Anybody who should do that laughed at.A)was B) is C) would be D) would have been74.I think it natural that my picture them.A) surprise B) surprises C) should be surprised D) will surprise75.She shut the window for fear that itA) may rain B) should have rained C) could have rained D)76. again, they would have to be punished.A) W ere this to happen B) If this had happened C) Had this happened D) Should this to hap]77. Y our advice that she __ till next week is reasonableA) will wait B) is going to wait C) waits D) wait78. The professors gave orders that the test __ before 5A) be finished B) will finish C) will be finished D) shall finish79. Mrs. Smith looked both the front and the back doors before she went to bed that someone might steal into the house at night.A) so B) lest C) for fear D) unless80. Five minutes earlier, __ we could have caught the last train.A) but B) or C) and D) so81 .They were to __ some trees in the courtyard.A) have planted B) have been planted C) have been plantingD) have had planted82. I see and get it done at once only that I am in doubt as to the best means.A) may B) might C) will D) would83. I would have written you before, I have been ill.A) unless B) but C) for fear that D) as long as84. He would be handsome his one earA) but B) but that C) but for D) if only85. It would have been far better for __.A) him to asleep B) him to have been asleep C) him to be asleep D) him being asleep86 miraculous in the pastA) That should be considered B) That would have been consideredC) That will be considered D) That would have considered87. I lost your telephone number, I would have rung you up long before.A) and B) but C) otherwise D) unless88. W e meant to __ all the information you asked for by the end of last week, but we couldn't find time to prepare it.A) provide B) be provided C) have provided D) to have been provided89. W e had hoped that we tomorrow, but it is beginning to look difficult.A) be able to leave B) would be able to leave C) will be able to leave D) shall be able to90. If you to see Mary, what would you tell her?A) are B) will be going C) must D) were9l. Since her blood pressure is much higher than it should be, her doctor insists that sheA) will not smoke B) not smoke C) would not smoke D) will not be smoking92. I a doctor now, if I had studied medical science in my youth.A) were B) had been C) should be D) should have been93. more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A) If the captain were B) Had the captain been C) Should the captain been D) I[ the captain would have been94. It is unthinkable that you the wedding uninvitedA) went to B) should go to C) should go D) would go to95. This, if the news ___ true, is a very serious matter.A) is B) are C) be D) is to be96. He must have had an accident, or he then.A) would have been there B) had to be here C) should bethere D) would be there97. Y ou all those calculations! W e have a computer to do that sort of thing.A) needn't have done B) mustn't have done C) shouldn't have done D) can' t have done98.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice.A) follow B) would follow C) had followed D) have followed99. It is recommended that the project until all the preparations have been done.A) will not be stated B) is not started C) is not to be started D) not be started100. I wish I longer this morning.A) would telephone B) would have telephoned C) have slept D) sleptDDBBC ACACB DCDAC ABDBC ADACC CBBCB BDDDB ADBCD BDAAD DBDAD ACACB DACAD DABCB ACBCA ADCAA ADACC ADBCB BCCBD BCBBC AACDBAbsolute Construction1.The satellite is circling the earth, with its solar batteries .A)be charged by the sun B) being charged by the sun C) charged with the sun D) charged with the sun2.she went back to her room.A)There being no cause for alarm B) Being no cause for alarmC) Being no cause for alarm there D) There no cause being for alarm3.the result is satisfactory.A) All things are considered B) All things are considering C) All things considered D) Considering all things4.Jane ran back to the kitchen, eggs in her hands.A) were held carefully B) were carefully held C) were holdingcarefully D) held carefully5.The day was bright, with a fresh breeze ..A) blows B) blew C) blown D )blowing6.”How did the group improve the discussion?” ”They all took part, each member the responsibilities of leading one meeting.”A)has B)having C) has had D) to have7. the meeting will be held as scheduled.A)W eather permitted B)Weather permitting C) weather should permit D)W eather permits8 left before the deadline ,it doesn’t seem likely that Joan will accomplish the job.A) Although such a short time B) With time so short C) It is such a short time D) With such a short time9 Seen from space, our earth ,with water , appear as a ”blue planet”A) covering 70% of its surface B) covered 70% of its surfaceC) being covered 70% of its surface D)covers 70% of its surface_10.The human body is composed of organs, each definite job to do.A) have B) has C) to have D) having11. a fine day, we decided to go out on a picnic.A) Having been B) Being C) What D) It being12. His parents last week, the child has no one to look after him.A) having died B) died C) dead D) having dead13.There are four factories in our institute,A) with each having over 100 workers B) each having over100 workersC)which there are over 100 workers D) with each that hasover 100 workers14.We shall assemble at 10:45, at precisely 11.A)the procession to start moving B)the procession start to move C)start the procession to move D)the procession starting to move15.The plan was that the two parties should first reach an agreement on the basic principles,A) the details working out later B) the details to be worked out laterC) with details working out later D) with details to work out later16.Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A) one containing B) that one containing C) the one containing D) such one containing17.All flights because of the storm, they decided to take the rain.A) having canceled B) having been canceled C) were canceledD) have been canceled18.the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning.A) Having paid my taxes B) Paying my taxes C) My taxes having been paid D) My taxes had been paid19.with a lot of mathematical problems , Jack went to the cinema.A) to be solved B) solved C) solving D) to solve20.He entered the room, his nose .A)is red with cold B) red with cold C) cold with red D) is cold with red21.Jim rode along, .A) his dog is running and barking after him B) with his dog’s running and barking after himC) with his dog running and after him D) his dog being running and barking after him22.Jack was astonished, .A) with a wide open mouth B) with a open wide mouth C) with a mouth wide and open D) with his mouth wide open23.Society the rule, we must conform.A) has made B) have made C) having made D) that has made24., Henry Lee went on leave from the army in 1782.A) His health failing B) His health failed C) His health is failingD) His health is failed25.So many comrades , the meeting had to be put off.A) not being absent B) being absent C) are absent D) be absentBACDD BCDAD DABAB ABCBB CDCAB。

虚拟语气和独立主格

虚拟语气和独立主格

English Grammar虚拟语气第一部分:语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如:①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。

如:①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如:①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。

②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

③May you succeed!祝您成功!虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。

让我们就从最简单的开始吧。

第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。

其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。

例:1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。

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T est Three Subjunctive Mood1.I’d just as soon those important papers with you.A) that you won’t take B) your not taking C) please don’t take D)you didn’t take2.I’d rather that you the operation right away.A) perform B) should C) will perform D) performed3.It’s about time the police illegal off-course (场外投机活动)horse betting.A) do away with B) did away with C) did away D) should do away4.It’s time he strong action against them.A) is taking B) took C) takes D) will take5.She speaks as if she on the spot.A) was B) had C) were D) is6.It’s imperative that you there in person.A) be B) will C) will D) are7.It’s necessary that an efficient worker his work on tome.A) accomplishes B) can accomplish C) accomplish D) has accomplished8.I hope you less trouble from now on.A) will have B) to have C) will have had D) could have had9. He wishes he to the theatre last night.A) has gone B) went C) had gone D) would go10. I wish I __ with you last night.A) went B) could have gone C) have gone D) could go11. "I am surprised to learn that you are going back to Chicago.” “Y es, I'd hoped that I __ have to go back again, but I do.”A) don' t B) won't C) hadn’t D) wouldn't12. I wish that you such a bad headache because I'm sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A) hadn't B) didn't have had C) hadn't had D) hadn't have13. Kumar can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he me now.A) teaches B) will teach C) has taught D) would teach14.The headmaster was strict. He requested that we television on week nights.A) not watch B) must not watch C) not be watching D) haven't watched15. My father didn't go to New Y ork; the doctor suggested that he there.A) not to go B) won't C) not go D) not to go to16. He insisted that we all in his office at one o'clock.A) be B) to be C) would be D) shall be17. If we sooner, we might have got there.A} started B) had started C) would have started D) start18. If he the detective honestly, he would not have been arrested.A) would have answered B) answered C) should answer D) had answered19. Had she been older, she __ less sympathetic.A) had been B) might have been C) might be D) would be20. you were coming today, I'd have met you at the airport.A) Have I known B) I have known C) Had I known D) I had known21. If you see Mr. Allen, give him my regards.A) should B) would C) will D) shall22. If it tomorrow, I think, I'll attend the class.A) will rain B) had rained C) rained D) rains23. The business is risky. But , we would be rich.A) should we succeed B) would we succeed C) might we succeed D) could we succeed24. today, he would get there by Friday.A) W ould he leave B) W as he leaving C) W ere he to leave D) If he leaves25. If you that late movie last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.A) haven't watched B) didn't watch C) hadn't watched D) wouldn't have watched26. Many dead would now be alive if they __ to return for something.A) haven't attempted B) would have attempted C) hadn't attempted D) wouldn't attempt27. "It's high time the doctor __ a move on," thought one of the men.A) gets B) got C) is getting D) was getting28. I'd rather you . anything about it for the time beingA) do B) didn't do C) don't D) didn't29. "He's already on the wrong side of forties. It’s about time he himself a wife and settled down.A) finds B) should find C) found D) had found30. "I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon. ""That’s all right, but I wish he __ buy one of his own."A) can B) would C) will D) should31. I Professor Jones had taught me this equationA) believe B) wish C) deeply think D) am guessing32. It's preferable that racial segregation ended,A) is B) was C) will be D) be33. It is essential that the temperature elevated to a point where the substance formed may become unstable and decompose intoconstituent elementsA) is not B) would not be C) had not been D) not be34. It is advisable that a general announcement made to the staff.A) would be B) is C) will be D) should be35. She demands that the children her.A) obeys B) obey C) obeyed D) obeying36. The lawyer asked that the case postponed for one month,A) be B) was C) would be D) shall be37.Just before they landed, the hostess suggested his passport ready.A) Eric to have B) Eric having C) to Eric to have D) Eric have38.He ordered that parking on Main Street during the rush hour.A) be prohibiting B )be prohibited C) is prohibited D) was prohibited39. I recommended that you all diligent if you want to pass the exam.A) are B) shall be C) be D) will be40.His recommendation that the Air Force the UFO sighting was approved by the commission are referred to the appropriate committee.A) was investigating B) investigates C) investigated D) investigate41.She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it a part of sunshine above.A) was B) were C) is D) be42.I don’t know, but he certainly looks he’d lost his best friend.A) that B) so that C) as D) as if43.Some days go by much more quickly than others. Some hours seem as if they .A) would never end B) should never ended C) had never ended D) had never ended44.I dare not tell you what he did he should be angry with.A) for fear that B) fear that C)in case D)so that45.“Y ou finally made i t, didn’t you?”“Y es, your help, I would not have succeeded.”A) but that B) but if C) thanks to D) but for46.Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology .A) haven’t been achieved B) wouldn’t be achieved C) hadn’t been achieved D) wouldn’t have been achieved47.I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped .A) him calling me B) that he would call me C) him to call me D) that he call me48.George would certainly have attended the proceedings .A) if he didn’t get a flat tire B) if the flat hadn’t happened C) had the tire not flattened itself D) had he not had a flat tire49. at the price list, he’d have known what to expect.A) Had Mr. Robinson looked C) If Mr. Robinson lookedB) If Mr. Robinson would have looked D) Had Mr. Robinson been looked50.He spoke in a quite, distant voice, as though his thoughtA) was far away B) did far away C) does far away D) were far away51.Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting .A) be adjourned B) should cancel C) be going to cancel D) is to adjourn52.Her accent argues that she born abroad.A)) is B) was C) should be D) would be53.The committee resolved that a new secretary .A) be appointed B) appoints C) will be appointed D) will appoint54.He asks he an opportunity to explain his case.A) is given B) gives C) be given D) should give55.I move that the money for library books.A) is used B) be used C) being used D) uses56.talk, one would take him for a fool.A) On hearing B) Being heard to C) Heard to D) To hear him57. Born in better times, he greater success.A) would have achieved B) achieves C) achieved D) had achieved58. It will be better that she to China.A) will come B) has come C) come D) came59. It’s odd that he that.A) mention B)mentions C)has mentioned D)didn’t mention60. wish to see her is natural.A) John will B) John should C) That John will D) That John should61. It’s a pity that he college.A) doesn’t finish B) would have finished C) hasn’t finished D)didn’t finish62. She hurried on lest she him again.A) meet B) meets C) may meet D) didn’t finish63. He is unwilling to say what was in his mind, for fear that it trouble.A) started B) may have started C) might start D) may be started64. She started kissing me as though we on our honeymoon.A) are B) should be C) had been D) would have been65. Though he the president himself, he will hear us.A) was B) be C) will be D) would be66. A closer observer it.A)would have noticed B) will notice C) will have noticed D) would notice67. I am anxious that nobody where I am going.A) had known B) knew C) should know D) has the idea that68. His opinion, whether it right or wrong, should be considered.A) will be B) be C) had been D) were69. Supposing I this offer what would you ?A) accept…have said B) accepted…have said C) accepted…say D) accept…say70. Birds are good friends to man. them, the world would be overrun with insects.A) But for B) If it had not been for C) But that D) If not71.They spoke in whispers lest they heard.A) be B) are C) will be D) would have been72.I should have married her her father refused meA)if it had not been for B) if it were not for C) but for D) but that73.Anybody who should do that laughed at.A)was B) is C) would be D) would have been74.I think it natural that my picture them.A) surprise B) surprises C) should be surprised D) will surprise75.She shut the window for fear that itA) may rain B) should have rained C) could have rained D) rained.76. again, they would have to be punished.A) W ere this to happen B) If this had happened C) Had this happened D) Should this to hap]77. Y our advice that she __ till next week is reasonableA) will wait B) is going to wait C) waits D) wait78. The professors gave orders that the test __ before 5A) be finished B) will finish C) will be finished D) shall finish79. Mrs. Smith looked both the front and the back doors before she went to bed that someone might steal into the house at night.A) so B) lest C) for fear D) unless80. Five minutes earlier, __ we could have caught the last train.A) but B) or C) and D) so81 .They were to __ some trees in the courtyard.A) have planted B) have been planted C) have been planting D) have had planted82. I see and get it done at once only that I am in doubt as to the best means.A) may B) might C) will D) would83. I would have written you before, I have been ill.A) unless B) but C) for fear that D) as long as84. He would be handsome his one earA) but B) but that C) but for D) if only85. It would have been far better for __.A) him to asleep B) him to have been asleep C) him to be asleep D) him being asleep86 miraculous in the pastA) That should be considered B) That would have been consideredC) That will be considered D) That would have considered87. I lost your telephone number, I would have rung you up long before.A) and B) but C) otherwise D) unless88. W e meant to __ all the information you asked for by the end of last week, but we couldn't find time to prepare it.A) provide B) be provided C) have provided D) to have been provided89. W e had hoped that we tomorrow, but it is beginning to look difficult.A) be able to leave B) would be able to leave C) will be able to leave D) shall be able to90. If you to see Mary, what would you tell her?A) are B) will be going C) must D) were9l. Since her blood pressure is much higher than it should be, her doctor insists that sheA) will not smoke B) not smoke C) would not smoke D) will not be smoking92. I a doctor now, if I had studied medical science in my youth.A) were B) had been C) should be D) should have been93. more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A) If the captain were B) Had the captain been C) Should the captain been D) I[ the captain would have been94. It is unthinkable that you the wedding uninvitedA) went to B) should go to C) should go D) would go to95. This, if the news ___ true, is a very serious matter.A) is B) are C) be D) is to be96. He must have had an accident, or he then.A) would have been there B) had to be here C) should be there D) would be there97. Y ou all those calculations! W e have a computer to do that sort of thing.A) needn't have done B) mustn't have done C) shouldn't have done D) can' t have done98.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice.A) follow B) would follow C) had followed D) have followed99. It is recommended that the project until all the preparations have been done.A) will not be stated B) is not started C) is not to be started D) not be started100. I wish I longer this morning.A) would telephone B) would have telephoned C) have slept D) sleptDDBBC ACACB DCDAC ABDBC ADACC CBBCB BDDDB ADBCD BDAAD DBDAD ACACB DACAD DABCB ACBCA ADCAA ADACC ADBCB BCCBD BCBBC AACDBAbsolute Construction1.The satellite is circling the earth, with its solar batteries .A)be charged by the sun B) being charged by the sun C) charged with the sun D) charged with the sun2.she went back to her room.A)There being no cause for alarm B) Being no cause for alarmC) Being no cause for alarm there D) There no cause being for alarm3.the result is satisfactory.A) All things are considered B) All things are considering C) All things considered D) Considering all things4.Jane ran back to the kitchen, eggs in her hands.A) were held carefully B) were carefully held C) were holding carefully D) held carefully5.The day was bright, with a fresh breeze ..A) blows B) blew C) blown D )blowing6.”How did the group improve the discussion?” ”They all took part, each member the responsibilities of leading one meeting.”A)has B)having C) has had D) to have7. the meeting will be held as scheduled.A)W eather permitted B)Weather permitting C) weather should permit D)W eather permits8 left before the deadline ,it doesn’t seem likely that Joan will accomplish the job.A) Although such a short time B) With time so short C) It is such a short time D) With such a short time9 Seen from space, our earth ,with water , appear as a ”blue planet”A) covering 70% of its surface B) covered 70% of its surface C) being covered 70% of its surface D)covers 70% of its surface_10.The human body is composed of organs, each definite job to do.A) have B) has C) to have D) having11. a fine day, we decided to go out on a picnic.A) Having been B) Being C) What D) It being12. His parents last week, the child has no one to look after him.A) having died B) died C) dead D) having dead13.There are four factories in our institute,A) with each having over 100 workers B) each having over100 workersC)which there are over 100 workers D) with each that has over 100 workers14.We shall assemble at 10:45, at precisely 11.A)the procession to start moving B)the procession start to move C)start the procession to move D)the procession starting to move15.The plan was that the two parties should first reach an agreement on the basic principles,A) the details working out later B) the details to be worked out laterC) with details working out later D) with details to work out later16.Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A) one containing B) that one containing C) the one containing D) such one containing17.All flights because of the storm, they decided to take the rain.A) having canceled B) having been canceled C) were canceled D) have been canceled18.the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning.A) Having paid my taxes B) Paying my taxes C) My taxes having been paid D) My taxes had been paid19.with a lot of mathematical problems , Jack went to the cinema.A) to be solved B) solved C) solving D) to solve20.He entered the room, his nose .A)is red with cold B) red with cold C) cold with red D) is cold with red21.Jim rode along, .A) his dog is running and barking after him B) with his dog’s running and barking after himC) with his dog running and after him D) his dog being running and barking after him22.Jack was astonished, .A) with a wide open mouth B) with a open wide mouth C) with a mouth wide and open D) with his mouth wide open23.Society the rule, we must conform.A) has made B) have made C) having made D) that has made24., Henry Lee went on leave from the army in 1782.A) His health failing B) His health failed C) His health is failing D) His health is failed25.So many comrades , the meeting had to be put off.A) not being absent B) being absent C) are absent D) be absentBACDD BCDAD DABAB ABCBB CDCAB。

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