高中英语情态动词讲解
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一.Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences: 1. I thought you______ like something to read. So I have brought you some books. A. ought B. might C. could D. must √ 2. –That man must be Sarah`s husband. --No, he_____ be her husband. She is still single. A. can`t B. mustn`t C. may not D. ought to √ 3. Peter _____come with us tonight, but he isn`t very sure. √ A. must B. may C. can D. will
Grammar: Modal verbs
How many modal verbs do you know?
can could may might shall should must will would ought to
表示推测
modal verbs
不表示推测
have to dare (daren’t) need (needn’t) used to
2.可能
肯定句 could , may ,might 否定句may \might not(可能不) 否定句 (可能不) 疑问句 can ,could 他可能正在睡觉。 他可能正在睡觉。
These students may / might have seen the film before. 否定句 The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. (现在) 现在) 这个男孩可能没在家看电视
四.表示虚拟
本应该做(而没做) 1.should have done 本应该做(而没做) should not have done 本不应该做 He shouldn‘t have said such a thing .他当时不 他当时不 应该说那种话。 应该说那种话。 We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead *这种句式也能用ought to 这种句式也能用
表示能力
一.表示能力can, could, be able to 表示能力 can表示智力,体力方面的能力只能用 现在 表示智力, 表示智力 或过去时。 或过去时。 be able to通过努力克服困难作成事情 能用 通过努力克服困难作成事情, 通过努力克服困难作成事情 于各种时态。 于各种时态。 *was / were able to : 设法做成某事 相当于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。 。
2.need not have done 没有必要做某事 I need not have got up so early . 我本来 不必要那么早起床的(事实上早已起床) 不必要那么早起床的(事实上早已起床) I need not have waited for the train for an hour. 我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。 我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。 (事实上已经等了一个小时) 事实上已经等了一个小时)
三.表示必须
ought to/should have to must *have to 能用于各种时态 且有人称和数的变 能用于各种时态,且有人称和数的变 化. ought to 的否定式为 的否定式为ought not to或者 或者 oughtn’t to
1.should 和ought to 大多数情况下,含义基本相同, 大多数情况下,含义基本相同,should主要 主要 看主观看法, 更多反映客观情况, 看主观看法,ought to更多反映客观情况, 更多反映客观情况 在谈到法律,规定,义务时使用。 在谈到法律,规定,义务时使用。 如:you should try your best to pass the entrance examanations. We ought to go and see hellen,but I think we have no time. Should 还可以表示惊讶,出乎意料的意思 还可以表示惊讶, Why should he do such a thing?
3. could have done
它表示“过去本来能够 实际上没能做…。 它表示“过去本来能够…” 实际上没能做 。 If you could have finished the task in time,you could have been promoted. 如 , 果你当时能如期完成那任务的话, 果你当时能如期完成那任务的话,你可能已 提升了(实际上没有被提升) 提升了(实际上没有被提升) I could have laughed to hear him talk like that.听他那样讲话,我差点笑出声来。 听他那样讲话, 听他那样讲话 我差点笑出声来。
二.表示允许
can, could ,may, might
might,could 表达更客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。 表达更客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。 Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station? Could you help me? You can go now if you like. May I smoke in the room?
代替
e.g., We can see beautiful flowers and green trees here and there. Anyone can see it is of no use.
can与某些表示意念的动词如 与某些表示意念的动词如: ) can与某些表示意念的动词如:understand, remember, forget, hope, imagine, believe, suppose等连用时 同样没有情态动词的意义, 等连用时, suppose等连用时,同样没有情态动词的意义,也 不可用be to取代 不可用be able to取代。 e.g. I can’t believe there are so many tall buildings now in my home town
3
2.过去时比较
was/were able to 意含”经过努力” “凭借才能” 意含”经过努力” 凭借才能” 获得的”能力”常与”manage to ”相通 获得的”能力”常与” They were short of modern machines, but they were able to complete the project in time.
表示推测时, 1.must表示推测时,可以推测现在 正在发生 表示推测时 可以推测现在/正在发生 的动作/过去发生的动作 过去发生的动作。 的动作 过去发生的动作。 他一定有一辆车. 他一定有一辆车. He must have a car now. 他一定在教室里做练习。 他一定在教室里做练习。 He must be doing his exercises in the classroom. 他一定已完成了工作 He must have finished the work.
4.–What____ it be? --It______ be a mail box, for it is moving.It______ be a car. A. B. can; can; must √ can; can`t; must C. can; mustn`t; must D. must; mustn`t; can 5. –Look, someone is coming. Guess__________ . --Jack. He`s always on time. A. who can it be B. who he may √ who it can be C. who he can be D.
2.must与have to 的用法 与 must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩 前者侧重于主观意念,后者则用于表示客观条件 前者侧重于主观意念 后者则用于表示客观条件 或义务,译为 只好” 不得不” 译为” 或义务 译为”只好” “不得不” e.g., He must work to make his living. He has to beg for a living. Must没有过去式 在单句中若是过去时 须用 没有过去式,在单句中若是过去时 没有过去式 在单句中若是过去时,须用 had to e.g., He begged from door to door, for he had to do so to live 若在从句中,则可用 则可用must来表示过去 若在从句中 则可用 来表示过去 e.g., He said he must manage to own a new house for Easter.
一定不, 一定不,不可能 can’t couldn’t He can`t be at home. He couldn't have said such a thing . 他们一定不在图书馆读书。 他们一定不在图书馆读书。 They can`t be reading in the library 约翰是很聪明的, 约翰是很聪明的,他应该不会叫他儿子那 样做。 样做。 John is very clever . He cannot have told his son to do that .
6. –I saw Mary in the library yesterday. --You_____ her. She is still abroad. A. mustn`t see B. can`t have seen √ C. mustn`t have seen D. couldn`t see 7. David, you _____play with the valuable bottle, you_______ break it. A. won`t; can`t B. mustn`t; may √ C. shouldn`t; must D. can`t; shouldn`t
Leabharlann Baidu示推测
must 1.一定,肯定 一定, 一定不, 一定不,不可能 can’t, couldn’t 2.可能 肯定句 may ,might ,could 否定句 may \might not 疑问句 can ,could 都可以 + do sth.表示现在 表示现在 be doing 表示正在发生的动作 have done表示过去发生的动作 表示过去发生的动作 表示
He may / might be sleeping now
疑问句 How could he have forgotten such an important thing?这么重要的事他怎么能忘 这么重要的事他怎么能忘 了呢? 了呢? It`s so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了,她可能去哪儿了呢? 天晚了,她可能去哪儿了呢? Can you have left the watch at home?你 你 会不会把表丢在家里呢? 会不会把表丢在家里呢?
can与be able to 用法区别常与句子时态有关 与 1.现在时比较 现在时比较 1) 表示”能力”时,be able to 不用于第二人 表示”能力” 称, You are able to do the work, I think. (X) 改用can 改用 can与感官动词feel, hear, see, smell, taste 连用时, can显得可有可无,因而失去了情态动 词的意义,这种情况下can不能用be able to