全国大学生英语竞赛写作部分解题技巧与评析

大英竞赛写作部分解题技巧与评析

全国大学生英语竞赛中的作文测试由两部分构成，分别是一篇120词左右的应用文与一篇150词左右的看图作文，分值各为10分与20分。书面表达是考核学生语言综合应用能力的一种题型，也是各级、各类考试中考生感到最难、最没有把握的项目之一。全国大学生英语竞赛要求考生在规定时间内完成两篇不同体裁的文章，其难度可想而知。

一、应用文写作的技巧与注意事项

应用文是我们在日常学习、工作、生活中处理事务、商洽工作所必需的常用文体，具有很高的实用价值。应用文的命题形式主要为私人信件、备忘录、报告、便条。所涉及的内容主要是关于日常交际与生活方面的，诸如写信就某事表示感谢、求助或道歉，因产品或服务而写信投诉或索赔；就某些事务活动，如开会、购买物品等，写个备忘录或报告；留言或出售物品的便条；应聘、求职方面的信函。从形式上来看，应用文的写作都有一定的格式。由于平时练习较少，大多数考生对此题型较为陌生，写作中存在的主要问题除了语言上的错误之外还突出表现在：不熟悉英语应用文的行文格式；语域运用能力差（语域指在书面语和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等）。总结起来，应用文的写作要遵循“五个C”的原则，

即做到简洁（Concise）、清楚（Clear）、正确（Correct）、礼貌（Courteous）与完整（Complete）。由于历次考试中的应用文测试多为书信的写作，下面将结合书信的写作谈谈应用文的写作技巧与注意事项。

书信是思想、情感、信息交流的重要纽带。写信与写文章一样需要花时间认真构思，但又与一般的作文有所不同。一封写得好的信除了需把所要表达的内容组织得条理清楚外，还要注意其表达方式。就内容而言，书信共分两大类：个人书信与事务书信。但无论哪种信函，写作时都要遵循上面提到的“5C”原则，并注意写信的格式正确。一般而言，书信由六部分组成：信头、封内地址、称呼、正文、结尾谦语及签名。考生在应用文的训练中要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式、注意事项、写作特点等，注重信息覆盖的全面性、结构组织的条理性与逻辑性、语言使用的准确性、文体格式的正确性。除了应掌握应用文特定的格式外，在平时的写作训练中还要培养迅速构思成篇的能力，注意词句的多样性和准确性训练。应用文写作能力的提高不可能一蹴而就，必须经过长期的实践锻炼才能逐步得以提高。请看下面的试题：Directions: Suppose you are Li Ming. One of your roommates is getting addicted to smoking. You are going to write a letter, trying to persuade him to quit. Your letter should be persuasive.

It may be advisable to include the following points in your letter.

A letter to a roommate

1) His smoking is becoming a problem for all his roommates.

2) He is ruining his health.

3) Smoking harms the health of others around him, too.

4) He can quit if he is determined.

You should write about 120 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. Now write the letter.

【参考范文】

A letter to a roommate

Dear Wang Tao,

It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for people’s health. Scientific researches show that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other problems. It does great harm to our health, not only to the one who smokes, but also to others in the same room. For smokers, it is a great waste of money, and it

causes many kinds of diseases. The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere. Besides, many fires are caused by careless smokers. As your roommates we are sometimes really annoyed by your smoking.

Today, more and more people are beginning to realize the harm of smoking and decide to give it up. On the other hand, many people find it difficult to stop smoking. However, we are showing great confidence to you. Since we have been together for two years, we know that you are a determined person. Once you set a goal you will try every means to realize it. This time we are sure that you will give up smoking for the sake of your health.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

二、看图作文的写作技巧与注意事项

看图作文的一个难点就是审题，也就是从图画提供的有关信息中提炼出观点。这种观点或者是对图表信息的概括，或者是依据图表信息对发展趋势进行预测。图画作文的关键是，不能就事论事，不能画了什么就只谈什么，而要善于就图画反映的社会现象进行探讨。审题构思时要注意提纲要求、图