托福阅读精选阅读真题长难句50句

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托福长难句总结-TOEFL-reading

1.Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as ismade evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.2.For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essentialto their well-being and abandoned them; nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.3.if the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy forsurface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.4.The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas ofland and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.5.The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam likemodern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even thougha fluke was missing.6.He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made andsold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.7.In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary tomeet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them-even while building materials have changed dramatically.8.Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron,but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.9.Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not alwaysassociated with maximum diversity.10.In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry andvine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.11.Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and womenbelieved that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.12.Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits' settling on the seabottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.13.This scenario begins with the planting of hyper accumulating species in thetarget area such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff.14.Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the Pacific was settled byPolynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals15.At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to variousmodern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.16.Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating ofmachines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks, whether or not the location was desirablefor other reasons.17.But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and moreplaces, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world.18.Physiological immaturity may be part of why infants and toddlers do not formextremely enduring memories, even when they hear stories that promote such remembering in preschoolers.19.As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar,where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.20.Like the stones of a Roman wall which were held together both by theregularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerful Roman cement, so the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by physical, organizational, and psychological controls.21.Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limiteddevelopment, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron.22.Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as onemoves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic).23.But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created bygeological activity, perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south, in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water.24.Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support for m from the fact thatthe greatest diversity in native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas, suggesting that this region has been settled thelongest.25.There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflect– for example, the value of externally motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit.26.It is significant that the earliest living thing that built communities onthese islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.27.The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periodsbut is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament.28.Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemical propertieschange with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years.29.He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that theirorientation was. in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements.30.Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the workof right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush.31.Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strainof critical opinion in the 1920 s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.32.Certainly, rational appeals in advertising aimed at children are limited,as most advertisements use emotional and indirect appeals to psychological states or associations.33.The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions, or modified naturaldepressions, and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs, which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season.34.Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but theyseem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.35.Glaciers move slowly across the land with tremendous energy, carving intoeven the hardest rock formations and thereby reshaping the landscape as they engulf, push, drag, and finally deposit rock debris in places far from its original location.36.In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled bloodfrom the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.37.As among tribespeople, personal relationships and a careful weighing ofcharacter have always been crucial in a mercantile economy with little regulation, where one's word is one's bond and where informal ties of trust cement together an international trade network.38.Ramsay then studied a gas that was present in natural gas deposits anddiscovered that it was helium, an element whose presence in the Sun had been noted earlier in the spectrum of sunlight but that had not previously been known on Earth.39.The sheer scale of the investment it took to begin commercial expansion atsea reflects the immensity of the profits that such East-West trade could create.40.In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions of the lowest levels of the forest,yellow and green would be the brightest colors, but when an animal is signaling, these colors would not be very visible if the animal was sitting in an area with a yellowish or greenish background.41.The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy,which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited.42.According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are boredor sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.43.In the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first centuryA.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troopshad a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy.44.With "climax," "biome," "super organism," and various other technical termsfor the association of animals and plants at a given locality being criticized, the term "ecosystem" was more and more widely adopted for the whole system of associated organisms together with the physical factors of their environment.45.Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts asnatural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them.46.In the second case, pollinators obtain food from the flowering plant, andthe plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only. 47.The sheer scale of the investment it took to begin commercial expansion atsea reflects the immensity of the profits that such East-West trade could create.48.The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (yearsrather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources.49.Higher temperatures lead to the existence of increased to resources, thusenabling the hunting and gathering population to grow.50.Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible toproduce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor.51.When broken open, Allende stones are revealed to contain an assortment ofsmall, distinctive objects, spherical or irregular in shape and embedded in a dark gray matrix(binding material), which were once constituents of the solar nebula-the interstellar cloud of gas and dust out of which our solar system was formed.。

托福阅读长难句分析精选篇

托福阅读长难句分析精选篇为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读长难句1Successin colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at whichthe invading species can become established. (TPO32, 54)大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being asite available for colonization ---- (a safe site) (where disturbance by fireor by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) (at which the invading species can become established.)(TPO32, 54)托福阅读长难句分析：这个句子的主干就是：Success in colonization depends (to a great extent) on there being a site (available for colonization)留意depend on被短语to a great extent(很大程度)隔开了，断句不要消失问题，后面还有一个放在后面的形容词短语(available for colonization)修饰a site修饰一：(a safe site) ，同位语，解说说明前面的a site中文：一个平安的地点修饰二：(where disturbance by fire or bycutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) ，从句这个从句有点简单：where disturbance (by fire or by cutting down of trees) has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level(by fire or by cutting down oftrees)，介词修饰放在后面disturbance留意这里有一个并列结构，either oreither removed competing speciesor reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level中文：在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种，要么减低了竞争水平和其它负面的物种间相互影响的水平修饰三：(at which the invading species can become established.) ，从句中文：入侵物种能够定居下来。

托福阅读长难句精选篇

托福阅读长难句精选篇为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读长难句1今日我们来看这样一个句子：这个句子看似不长，但有点抽象，看看大家能不能一遍或两遍就能看懂。

One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measureof what constitutes the natural variability of the climate. (TPO10, 38)我是分界线，大家先自己速读哦。

One of the most difficult aspects (of deciding)(whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities) is thatit is hard to get a measure of (what constitutes the natural variability ofthe climate).(TPO10, 38)老邪分析：这个句子的主干就是：One of the most difficult aspects is that修饰一：(of deciding) ，介词短语，修饰aspects中文：确定修饰二：(whether current climatic events reveal evidence of theimpact of human activities) ，宾语从句，中文：现在气候大事是否揭露了是人类活动影响的证据修饰三：(what constitutes the natural variability of the climate) ，宾语从句中文：什么组成了气候的自然可变性参考翻译：确定现在气候大事是否揭露了是人类活动影响的证据，其中最大困难之一在于很难去测量是什么组成了气候的自然可变性。

托福阅读长难句分析精选

托福阅读长难句分析精选托福阅读长难句1This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) where the labor that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds(fragments of pottery) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation. (TPO29, 42)大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) (where the labor (that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases ofexcavation).(TPO29, 42)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子主干就是：This abundance is notable in Roman settlements这个句子理解的难点在于，where从句里中间有一个定语从句，把the labor 和constitute隔开了，大家注意这样一个问题。

这个问题只要能够理解，速读就不是问题了。

修饰一：(where the labor constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation)，从句中文：在这些地方劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例修饰二：(that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) ，从句，修饰labor，难点就在于这个从句的理解，其实就是put the labor into the washing and storing of pots herds中文：考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：这种丰富性在罗马居住点(尤其在城市)很明显，在这些地方考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例。

托福阅读长难句精选

托福阅读长难句精选为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读长难句1一般情况下，句子主语、宾语和句子中其他部分的名词可能因包含大量前置或后置定语成分而变得非常复杂，而整句的谓语动词，其前后最多有副词作修饰，所以相对容易判断。

我们一旦找到整句谓语动词，它的施动者-主语、受动者-谓语以及主干也自然容易进一步识别。

例句1：A desire to throw over reality a lightthat never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what wemight consider a novelist-scientistto record exactly and concretely thestructure and texture of a flower.这个句子里出现的动词有throw, was, might give, mightconsider和record等。

首先，动词不定式不能作谓语，去掉throw和record;was 后不能紧跟情态动词，所以was和might give应属不同的句子，往前看我们发现that never was形成S+V格式，且紧跟着名词light后，再根据句意判断可知that never was 为a light的后置定语从句;稍作判断可知to throw over reality a light 为不定式做A desire的后置定语，此时吧它的不定式后置定语及alight的后置定语拿掉可得到简化结构：A desire might give awayabruptly to thedesire…。

Abruptly显然修饰动词短语give away。

至此我们得到a desire(S)+might giveaway(V)+thedesire(O), 经过这样的简化，整句主干已经得到;至于might consider, 明显和它前面的we组成S+V格式，这个从句跟在on the part of 后面做整句宾语thedesire的后置定语从句纵观整句，主语谓语后都跟了较长的定语成分，造成我们判断它们终结位置的困难。

精选400句托福阅读长难句

精选400句托福阅读长难句(OG & TPO)第一类1.The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.2.In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.3.But note that porosity is not the same aspermeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them.4.If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.5.But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.6.Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life.7.For example, one sign of this condition is theappearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group.8.Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline.9.This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys.10.As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there.11.Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as ismade evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.12.Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor.13.Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.14.Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.15.In order for the structure to achieve thesize and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them-even while building materials have changed dramatically.16.Some of the world’s finest stone architecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes Mountains of Peru.17.It works in compression to divert the weight above it out to the sides, where the weight is borne by the vertical elements on either side of the arch.18.The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota.19.Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes wouldincrease pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets. 20.Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.21.To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a single crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy the entire crop.22.Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities.23.The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in thenorthwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans.24.Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the ―patchiness‖ of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform.25.Similarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction.26.At the other extreme are ―competitors,‖ almost all of whose resources are invested in building a huge body, with a bare minimum allocated to reproduction.27. A new plant will spring up wherever a seed falls on a suitable soil surface, but because they do not build big bodies, theycannot compete with other plants for space, water, or sunlight.28.These plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds’ falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy.29.Human landscapes of lawns, fields, or flowerbeds provide settings with bare soil and a lack of competitors that are perfect habitats for colonization by opportunists. 30. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil.31.It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blendof some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.32.Because some paintings were made directly over others, obliterating them, it is probable that a painting’s value ended with the migration it pictured.33.One Lascaux narrative picture, which shows a man with a birdlike head and a wounded animal, would seem to lend credence to this third opinion, but there is still much that remains unexplained.34.Perhaps so much time has passed that there will never be satisfactory answers to the cave images, but their mystique only adds to their importance.35.In 1994 there were nearly 20,000 wind turbines worldwide, most grouped in clusters called wind farms that collectively produced 3,000 megawatts of electricity. 36.Most were in Denmark (which got 3 percent of its electricity from wind turbines) and California (where 17,000 machinesproduced 1 percent of the state’s electricity, enough to meet the residential needs of a city as large as San Francisco).37.In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity.rge wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratory birds in certain areas, and they have killed large birds of prey (especially hawks, falcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines.39.David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s，found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832.40.The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locationsof paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.41.Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.42.For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment.43.Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of thecultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food.44.But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.45.When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it.46.More than one-quarter of the world’s oil and almost one-fifth of the world’s natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land.47.While there are a dozen or more mass extinctions in the geological record, the Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because it marksthe end of the age of the dinosaurs.48.The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons of dust into the atmosphere, as can be determined by measuring the thickness of the sediment layer formed when this dust settled to the surface.49.Such a quantity of material would have blocked the sunlight completely from reaching the surface, plunging Earth into a period of cold and darkness that lasted at least several months.50.The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth, starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland.51.Following each mass extinction, there is a sudden evolutionary burst as new species develop to fill the ecological niches opened by the event.52.Earth is a target in a cosmic shootinggallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a few decades ago.53.Early in the century, a pump had come into use in which expanding steam raised a piston in a cylinder，and atmospheric pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to forma vacuum．54.The final step came when steam was introduced into the cylinder to drive the piston backward as well as forward thereby increasing the speed of the engine and cutting its fuel consumption.55.Iron manufacturers which had starved for fuel while depending on charcoal also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal; blast furnaces with steam- powered bellows turned out more iron and steel for the new machinery.56.He received rudimentary village schooling but mostly he roamed his uncle's farm collecting the fossils that were so abundantin the rocks of the Cotswold hills．57.The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals.58.In 1831 when Smith was finally recognized by the Geological Society of London a s the ―father of English geology‖, it was not only for his maps but also for something even more important．59.Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved later.60.Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier，such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a d oll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy.61.Through hearing stories with a clear beginning，middle, and ending children may learn to extract the gist of events in ways that they will be able to describe many years later.62.The world looks very different to a person whose head is only two or three feet above the ground than to one whose head is five or six feet above it, 0lder children and adults often try to retrieve the names of things they saw, but infants would not have encoded the information verbally．63.General knowledge of categories of events such as a birthday party or a visit to the doctor's office helps older individuals encode their experiences, but again, infants and toddlers are unlikely to encode many experiences within such knowledge structures．64.Physiological immaturity may be part of why infants and toddlers do not form extremely enduring memories, even whenthey hear stories that promote such remembering in preschoolers.65.In 1947 Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl drifted on a balsa-log raft westward with the winds and currents across the Pacific from South America to prove his theory that Pacific islanders were Native Americans (also called American Indians).66.Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.67.The undisputed pre-Columbian presence in Oceania of the sweet potato, which is a New World domesticate, has sometimes been used to support Heyerdahl’s ―American Indians in the Pacific‖ theories.68.As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America.69.Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment that discourages decomposition.70.This 700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, however, because paleontologists believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed.71.At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose inthe early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups. 72.These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.73.With question such as these clearly before them, the scientists aboard the Glomar Challenger processed to the Mediterranean to search for the answers.74.In all probability it was the fertile plain of Latium, where the Latins who founded Rome originated, that created the habits and skills of landed settlement, landed property, landed economy, landed administration, and a land-based society.75.Agriculture seems to have reached these people from the Near East, since the first domesticated crops were millets andsorghums whose origins are not African but west Asian.76.Most of Africa presents a curious case in which societies moved directly from a technology of stone to iron without passing through the intermediate stage of copper or bronze metallurgy, although some early copper-working sites have been found in West Africa.77.They spoke a language, prior-Bantu (―Bantu‖ means ―the people‖), which is the parent tongue of a language of a large number of Bantu languages still spoken throughout sub-Sahara Africa.78.Why and how these people spread out into central and southern Africa remains a mystery, but archaeologists believe that their iron weapons allowed them to conquer their hunting-gathering opponents, who still used stone implements.79.With Cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relativelymodest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in Central Mexico.80.The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), and it apparently had a secure market.81.Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmecs sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán.82.The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force.83.By measuring how many of these meteorites fall to Earth over a given period of time, scientists can estimate how long it might have taken to deposit the observedamount of lr in the boundary clay.84.They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys.85.Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago (the age of the Martian highlands), when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.86.The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped ―islands‖ (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels.87.Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous―perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tonsper second carried by the great Amazon river.88. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. 89.Proponents point to features such as the terraced ―beaches‖ shown in one image, which could conceivably have been left behind as a lake or ocean evaporated and the shoreline receded.90.But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity, perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south, in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water.91.It has long been accepted that the Americas were colonized by a migration of peoples from Asia, slowly traveling across a land bridge called Beringia (now the BeringStrait between northeastern Asia and Alaska) during the last Ice Age.92.The first water craft theory about the migration was that around 11,000-12,000 years ago there was an ice-free corridor stretching from eastern Beringia to the areas of North America south of the great northern glaciers.93.But belief in this ice-free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologist Glen MacDonald demonstrated that some of the most important radiocarbon dates used to support the existence of an ice-free corridor were incorrect.94.He theorized that with the use of watercraft, people gradually colonized unglaciated refuges and areas along the continental shelf exposed by the lower sea level.95.Fladmark's hypothesis received additional support from the fact that the greatest diversity in Native Americanlanguages occurs along the west coast of the Americans, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.96.Vast areas along the coast may have been deglaciated beginning around 16,000 years ago, possibly providing a coastal corridor for the movement of plants, animals, and humans sometime between 13,000 and 14,000 years ago.97.The coastal hypothesis has gained increasing support in recent years because the remains of large land animals, such as caribou and brown bears, have been found in southeastern Alaska dating between 10,000 and 12,500 years ago.98.Fladmark and others believe that the first human colonization of America occurred by boat along the Northwest Coast during the very late Ice Age, possibly as early as 14,000 years ago.99.The most recent geologic evidence indicates that it may have been possible forpeople to colonize ice-free regions along the continental shelf that were still exposed by the lower sea level between 13,000 and 14,000 ago.100.T hey were concerned that many would be drawn to these new, refreshing conceptions of teaching only to find that the void between the abstractions and the realities of teacher reflection is too great to bridge. 101.F urther observation revealed the tendency of teachers to evaluate events rather than review the contributory factors in a considered manner by, in effect, standing outside the situation.102.T he researchers estimate that the initial training of the same teachers to view events objectively took between 20 and 30 hours, with the same number of hours again being required to practice the skills of reflection. 103.T he teachers in the program described how they found it difficult to put aside the immediate demands of others in order togive themselves the time they needed to develop their reflective skills.104.S upport and encouragement were also required to help teachers in the program cope with aspects of their professional life with which they were not comfortable. 105.T he fungi absorb moisture and mineral salts from the rocks, passing these on in waste products that nourish algae.106.L ichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth.107.By means of these seeds, plants spread more widely to new locations, even to isolated islands like the Hawaiian archipelago, which lies more than 2,000 miles west of California and 3,500 miles east of Japan.108.A lthough we now tend to refer to thevarious crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts." 109.Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.110.T hat this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).111.E ven though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine artsand the applied arts remains relatively constant.112.P akicetus was found embedded in rocks formed from river deposits that were 52 million years old.113.T he structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing.114.T he impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.115.T he gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.116.D uring the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins,though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results.117.T he increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.118.T he increasing use of dried animal waste as a substitute fuel has also hurt the soil because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being returned to the land.119.I n areas where considerable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface.120.T he cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial "peepshow" format to the point where images were projectedon a screen in a darkened theater.121.I t was designed for use in Kinetoscope parlors, or arcades, which contained only a few individual machines and permitted only one customer to view a short, 50-foot film at any one time.122.I n the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music.123.H e refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several. 124.B ut the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the finalprogram.125.A lthough early exhibitors regularly accompanied movies with live acts, the substance of the movies themselves is mass-produced, prerecorded material that can easily be reproduced by theaters with little or no active participation by the exhibitor.126.E ven though early exhibitors shaped their film programs by mixing films and other entertainments together in whichever way they thought would be most attractive to audiences or by accompanying them with lectures, their creative control remained limited.127.W ith the advent of projection, the viewer's relationship with the image was no longer private, as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope, which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individualphotographic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.128.A t the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.129.T hose individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation.130.B ecause aggressive individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior are more likely to be transmitted to subsequent generations.131.C hildren normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately.。

托福阅读长难句

1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth3.As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore．4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like．5·The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North，though less spectacularly．6·The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl．7.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth．8. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent，the two captains set out．9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century．10．A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．11．The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more．12．Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word, silent．13.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，and very often the principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces．14·Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being．15.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species．16.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea，it helps to think small．17.Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks，but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more thana pile of bricks can be called a house．18.The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities．19.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction．20．If it were not for this faculty，they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence．21．Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures，as are social classes．22．People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos．23．Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits．24．As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home．25.Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals，sometimes easily recognizable as such，often distorted into gorgeous，weird，but always functional shapes．26．With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it，young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression．27．The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature；furthermore，in its manifestation of speed and noise，it might be a despoiler of human nature as well．29．On the other hand，when it comes to substantive--particularly behavioral-information，crows are less well known than many comparably common species and，for that matter，not a few quite uncommon ones：the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example．30．Keen observers and quick learners，they are astute about the intentions of other creatures，including researchers，and adept at avoiding them．31．These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history，providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented．32．Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861--1865)a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned．33．It is a lifelong process，a process that starts long before the start of school and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life．(并列同位语a process that…，and one that…)教育是一个终生的过程，早在人们上学之前就开始了。

TOEFL托福阅读长难句

TOEFL托福阅读长难句为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读长难句1今日我们来看这样一个句子：The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for misleadingness—creating a wrong impression either intentionally orunintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers use of techniquesthat make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy. (TPO14, 52)我是分界线，大家先测试一遍速读是否理解The Independent Television Commission, (regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom), has criticized advertisers for misleadingness(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)(in an effort)(to control advertisers use of techniques)(that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.)托福阅读长难句100句分析：修饰一：(regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom) ，同位语中文：英国电视广告的管理者修饰二：(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally orunintentionally—)，破折号和非谓语动词中文：他们有意或无意营造了一个错误的印象修饰三：(in an effort) ，介词短语中文：努力修饰四：(to control advertisers use oftechniques)，非谓语动词中文：掌握广告商对技术的使用修饰五：(that make it difficult forchildren to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.) ，从句，修饰techniques中文：这些技术使孩子很难去推断玩具的真实大小、动作、性能以及构造托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：英国电视广告的管理者即独立电视委员会批判广告商的“误导”(他们有意或无意营造了一个错误的印象)，他们努力掌握广告商对技术的使用，这些技术使孩子很难去推断玩具的真实大小、动作、性能以及构造。

托福--阅读长难句共36页

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1、最灵繁的人也看不见自己的背脊。——非洲 2、最困难的事情就是认识自己。——希腊 3、有勇气承担命运这才是英雄好汉。——黑塞 4、与肝胆人共事，无字句处读书。——周恩来 5、阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。——培根
文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
托福--阅读长难句
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9、陶渊明（约 365年 —427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散

阅读长难句分析托福

阅读长难句分析托福阅读长难句分析（托福）托福阅读中大家最烦的就是长难句了，其实分析好常见的修饰成分到底有哪些，长难句也不那么难分析了。

下面是店铺分享的长难句分析范例，希望能帮到大家!托福阅读长难句分析(1)For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness. (48,TPO1)cease /siːs/ v. 停止，中止well-being n. 幸福;(尤指) 健康retain /rɪ'teɪn/ v. 保持或保留;我是分解线，大家先自己分析哦For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites (essential to their well-being) and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained (as parts of their oral tradition) the myths (that had grown up around the rites) and admired them (for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.)分析：修饰一：(essential to their well-being)，修饰rites，中文：对于他们的幸福健康是必要修饰二：(as parts of their oral tradition) ，介词短语，修饰myths，这里有一个短语retain…as，本来myths要放在retained之后，但是由于myths后面有从句，宾语较长，所以置后了，大家要注意这里语序的问题。

托福100长难句(中文部分)

参考译文1. 美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. 人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。

4. 由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. 任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. 一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

7. 简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。

8. 随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。

9. 诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。

10. 膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

11. 酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。

12. Billie Holiday’s 作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。

13. 理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。

14. 儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

15. 受当代灌溉（技术设施）之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。

16. 机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。

17. 人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。

18. 真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。

19. 音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。

20. 虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。

21. 用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。

TOEFL托福阅读长难句分析汇总

TOEFL托福阅读长难句分析汇总为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读长难句1As relative newcomers to the Southwest, a place where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable, the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. (TPO41, 49)大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解(As relative newcomers to the Southwest), (a place) (where their climate, neighbors, and rulers could be equally inhospitable), the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, (not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. ) (TPO41, 49)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子的主干局部：the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them修饰一：(As relative newcomers to the Southwest)，介词短语中文：作为西南部相对较新的人修饰二：(a place) ，同位语中文：一个地方修饰三：(where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable) ，从句中文：在那里气候恶劣、邻居冷漠以及统治者暴政修饰四：(not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. )，介词短语留意这里有一个搭配：not just … but …不仅…而且中文：不仅是通过详述这些象征性的行为，而且还通过艺术品本身的美和和谐托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：作为西南部(在那里气候恶劣、邻居冷漠以及统治者暴政)相对较新的人，纳瓦霍人不仅是通过详述这些象征性的行为，而且还通过艺术品本身的美和和谐，制造了这些艺术形式来影响他们四周的世界。

新托福阅读长难句120句(分析译文)

新托福阅读长难句120句（分析+译文） 12月16日1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。

分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。

句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

托福阅读长难句

hinese with the discovery of the rockets.2. Nevertheless, the modern day space programs owe their success to the humble beginnings of those in previous centuries.2. But the discovery, beginning two years ago, of a vast Aboriginal graveyard at Lake Victoria near the confluence of the Murray and Darling rivers has thrown even this into doubt.3. In it races, cultures, and ideas, as well as goods from a variety of places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city.4. When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase to several hundred.5. A method to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably.6. The development of a program in environmental studies within a science curriculum is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 1.被动语态1.In this case, interest will be charged after the initial 60-day interest-freeperiod.2.All students on student visas are expected to attend classes regularly.3.Coal is expected to continue to account for almost 27% of the world’senergy needs.4.In addition, major research and development programs are being devotedto lifting efficiencies and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases during coal consumption.5.Greenhouse gases arise from a wide range of sources and their increasingconcentration is largely related to the compound effects of increased population, improved living standards and changes in lifestyle.6.Before they can be disposed of safely, ……..7.For the foreseeable future, records will be made to be broken.8.No account was to be taken of national rivalries, nor politics, race, religion,wealth or social status.9.Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation andaggressive human behavior.10.Changes in pupil size are clearly associated with changes in attitude.11.Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about thealarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests.12.This was largely characterized by the bold use of new materials and simple,geometric forms.13.Such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetacean’swell-developed acoustic senses.14.The productivity increases in the hierarchically controlled pogramme wereaccompanied by shifts in an adverse direction in such factors as loyalty, attitudes, interest, and involvement in the work.1.It does not pose as much threat to the environment.2.Until there is a belief among employers, until they value the difference,nothing will change.3.For all these reasons, the Agriculture Department, which must decidewhether to allow the genetically engineered grass to be marketed, is conducting a full-scale environmental impact assessment.4.Children harbor misconceptions about pure, curriculum science.5.The history of Europe has been documented since 3,000 BC.6.In the New York region, state legislative and Congressional delegationshave mounted vigorous campaigns to safeguard their bases.7.Through its collections, the Department’s specific interest is to documenthow objects are created and used, and to understand their importance and significance to those who produce them.8.That few seconds will color their attitudes from then on.9.Overall, female students outnumbered male students in the survey.10.Wasteful practices and rising logistical costs have halved the amount of fooddelivered to the hungry in Africa, Asia and Latin America over the past five years, a report states.11.Worse, the surviving panda population has also become fragmented.12.In addition, lack of sleep can tax the heart and lead to serious conditionslike heart disease.13.Private banks and lenders have waged a successful campaign to limit afederal program intended to make borrowing less costly.14.The economic arguments for building new nuclear plants are flawed.15.But the true, downward trend in fishing worldwide was masked becausethese catches were measured in tones, not dollars.16.The commercial, financial, and administrative centers are still groupedaround their harbors even though each city has expanded into a metropolis.17.The realization has gradually dawned that by no means everyone in theworld knows English well enough to negotiate in it.18.The wall is engineered to be stable under design wind load.19.Google’s new search-within-search feature has sparked fears frompublishers and retailers that users will be siphoned away through ad sales to competitors.20.Superstar rapper Jay-Z is on the verge of closing a $150 million deal withthe concert giant Live Nation that rivals the biggest music contracts ever awarded.重要介词/介词性结构despite 尽管1.It had a great influence on silent movies, despite its size.2.So despite linguists’ best efforts, many languages will disappear over thenext century.3.An oil shock is a more worrying prospect, despite today’s low oil prices andO PEC’s present inability to budge it upward.4.Despite the great progress made in the recent decade, the achievement ofthe goal of clean water for all is still a long way off.5.Despite the extensive coverage in the popular media of the destruction ofrain forests, little formal information is available about children’s idea in this area.6.Conversely, despite the increase in paper production, there was a decrease,by 1884, in the number of paper mills in England.7.Despite the intuitive conclusion that safe driving should be teachable (likemany practical skills), there is insufficient evidence about the ability of practical driver-training to reduce crashes for the general driving population.8.Mitchell’s achievements with the Supermairne S.B. also prompted the AirMinistry to contract his company for design of a new fighter aircraft, despite the organization’s reputation being built predominantly on sea-plane and not fighter plane manufacturing.in spite of 尽管1. Of this, the French displayed the most continuity, in spite of the war and post-war economic uncertainties.in terms of 关于在….方面1. There are still significant gaps between women and men in terms of their involvement in family life, the tasks they perform and the responsibilities theytake.regardless of 无论1. Regardless of the theory or model that we choose, a reduction in population size decreases the genetic diversity of a population.with respect to 关于1. To be more precise, with respect to the total range of response from the smallest pupil size the largest, the range is greater for blue-eyed people than it is for brown-eyed people.given 具有,表示顺承关系1. Given anything that resembles a well-rounded life—with adults and other children to listen to, talk to, to do things with—their minds will acquire naturally all the skills required for future learning.一般倒装句1.Attached to the booking confirmation will be a note showing the balancedue on your holiday and the date by which it is payable.2.In the heart of the city are several big apartment stores linked by enclosedover-the-street crossings and underground walkways.3.There is little point, in terms of identifying those responsible for the crime, inensuring a very rapid response.4.Again there are carbon-free energies that merit more subsidies thannuclear.5.There is bound to be one that fits in with your academic, personal orprofessional commitments.6.In7.Nor, at least for many years yet, will fish be off the menu for those whohave enough money.8.Never before has the planet’s linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace.非谓语动词to do1. Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in schools, all to promote national unity. -ing1.They are more prone to falling over and getting dirt in a wound than adults.2.Coal’s total contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is thought to be about18%, with about half of this coming from electricity generation.3.Specialist agriculture centers of the North Coast College offer coursesranging from agricultural skills to beef production, horse studies and rural management.4.Earlier this century Karl von Frisch, a professor of Zoology at MunichUniversity, spent decades of ‘the purest joy of discovery’ unraveling the mysteries of bee behavior.5.In the first type, a returning scout scampered in circles, alternating to rightand left, stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to the excited bees chasing after her.6.At Rhodes, the Fanwall noise barrier will be built in three stagescommencing in mid August.7.For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear openwaters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains.8.These renegade bacteria then multiply, increasing their numbers a millionfold in a day, becoming the predominant microorganism.9.In 1821 Crompton patented a method of drying the paper continuously,using a woven fabric to hold the sheet against steam-heated drying cylinders.10.In the third, distinctly different dance, she started by running a shortdistance over 1500 wildlife sites including ancient woodlands and sites of special scientific interest are still threatened by road building.11.Academic journals ranging from educational research, psychology, languagelearning, psycholinguistics, and so on cite experiments which demonstrate how detrimental pictures are for beginning reader.12.People experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment or littlecontrol over the conditions of their daily lives benefited little from this approach.13.In addition a far greater number of women are now passing through highereducation, making them better qualified to move into management positions.14.A mother’s wanting her partner to do more housework and child car e isbetter predictor of poor family adjustment than is actual time spent by fathers in these tasks.15.This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems,including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.16.Yet most Third World cities have lower public transport use per person thanthose in Western Europe, reflecting the inability of small bus fleets to keep up with population growth.17.In the first type, a returning scout scampered in circles, alternating to rightand left, stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to the excited bees chasing after her.18.Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinctionis unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.-ed1.These courses give you the theoretical skills, knowledge and practicalexperience needed to work in a variety of residential and community-based health care institutions.2.Ducks are immune to some common diseases found in hens and are lessvulnerable to others.3.Powerful computer-aided design (CAD) systems can replace with a click of acomputer mouse hours of laborious work done on thousands of drawing boards.4. A bee’s brain is the size of a grass seed, yet in this tiny brain are encodedsome of the most complex and amazing behavioral patterns witnessed outside humankind.5.Each card, called a ‘Prepaid Services Card’, has a unique, six-digit accountnumber that accesses the system.6.The Transport and Roads Department apologizes for any inconveniencescaused while improvements are in progress.7.This, combined with northerly winds, makes it seem much colder.8.It made movies based more on its own culture than outside influences.9.From 1845 matchmakers exposed to its fumes succumbed to necrosis, adisease that eats away jaw-bones.10.The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population sizewill contribute to the likelihood of extinction.11.In addition, a program modeled on an earlier project called ‘Take Charge’was implemented.12.Children engrossed in a make-believe world, fox cubs play-fighting orkittens teasing a ball of string aren’t just having fun.13.The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation, the act ofcommunication intended to reach agreement.14.A representative sample of language, compiled for the purpose of linguisticanalysis, is known as corpus.15.The costs to individuals and desperate communities now deprived ofmeaningful and sustainable employment are staggering.16.We are now promoting a true national network, composed of traffic-freepaths, quiet country roads, on-road cycle lanes and protected crossings. 17.One misconception, expressed by some 10% of the pupils, was that acidrain is responsible for rainforest destruction.18.Alternative medicine appears to be an adjunct, sought in times ofdisenchantment when conventional medicine seems not to offer the answer.19.The quantity of these gases, again multiplied over 3,500 million years, isenough to explain the mass of the world’s atmosphere.20.Put another way, basic health care is now recognized as a ‘public good’,rather than a ‘private good’ that one is expected to buy for oneself.21.The force of the water being released from the reservoir through the damspins the blades of a turbine.missioned by Roberto Olivetti in 1969, it comprises 82 one-bedroomedapartments and 12 maisonettes and forms a house/hotel for Olivetti employees.23.Hypotheses arise by guesswork, or by inspiration, but having beenformulated they can and must be tested rigorously, using the appropriate methodology.24.Seven luxury homes cosseted away inside a high earth-covered noiseembankment next to the main Tilburg city road recently went on the marketfor $296,500 each.25.Originally developed for nuclear power plants, the handkey received its bigbreak when it was used to control access to the Olympic Village in Atlanta by more than 65,000 athletes, trainers and support staff.26.Far from being evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric Amazonian peopledevelop technologies and cultures that were advanced for their time. 27.Afterwards, supported by the royal grant in recognition of his work, he wasable to devote himself entirely to astronomy.28.Bypassed by most of their former enriching flow of exchange, they havebecome cultural and economic backwaters or have acquired the character of museums of the past.It形式主语句1.It is important that you keep a record of your card’s account number andsign your name or write your student ID number on the card.2.It becomes clear that the importance of response time in collecting evidenceor catching criminals after a crime must be weighted against a variety of factors.3.It is clear from this statement that the creation of health is about muchmore than encouraging healthy individual behaviors and lifestyles and providing appropriate medical care.4.It is worth remembering that it is customary for a gift given to a company tobe shared out around the office concerned.5.In the mid-1990s it is estimated that a student living alone requires onaverage A$12,000 in living expenses for each year of study.6.It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the purescience that they study at school.同位语结构：逗号/括号/破折号结构表示解释1. Another interest-based procedure is mediation, in which a third party assists the disputants, the two sides in the dispute, in reaching agreement.2. Errors in the genetic recipe for haemoglobin, the protein that gives blood its characteristic red color and which carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body,give rise to the most common single-gene disorder in the world: thalassaemia.3. Passive smoking, the breathing in of the side-stream smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the smoke exhaled by a smoker, also causes a serious health risk.4. But it was only in 1820 that quinine, the active ingredient from the cinchona bark, was extracted and modern prevention became possible.5. Malnutrition during weaning age—when breast milk is being replaced by semi-solid foods—is highly prevalent in children of poor households in many developing countries.6. But the classic eruption—cone-shaped mountain, big bang, mushroom cloud and surges of molten lava—is only a tiny part of a global story.7. In 1992, the United Nations Environmental Programme and the World Health Organization (WHO) concluded that all of a sample of twenty megacities—places likely to have more than ten million inhabitants in the year 2000—already exceeded the level the WHO deems healthy in at least one major pollutant.8. Even assuming that the WZCS’s 1,000 core zoos are all of a high standard—complete with scientific staff and research facilities, trained and dedicated keepers, accommodation that permits normal or natural behavior, and a policy of co-operating fully with one another—what might be the potential for conservation?9. Where logging occurs (that is, the cutting down of forests for timber) forest-dependent creatures in that area will be forced to leave.10. However, arboreal marsupials (that is animals which live in trees) may not recover to pre-logging densities for over a century.11. Two of its branches are ethnography (the study at first hand of individual living cultures) and ethnology (which sets out to compare cultures using ethnographic evidence to derive general principles about human society).12. As a consequence, during the 1980s a kind of doomsday scenario (analogous to similar doomsday extrapolations about energy needs and fossil fuels or about population increases) was projected by health administrators, economists and politicians.13. Though Aborigines might see themselves as indigenous (in the sense, as Josephine Flood explains, that they have no race history not associated with this continent), there is no doubt that they were in fact Australia’s first migrants.表示补充说明1.The history of the cinema in its first thirty years is one of major, and, to thisday, unparalleled expansion and growth.2.Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilitieswhich, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking.3.Some lagoons and reefs, once pristine examples of a tropical paradise, nowconsist of broken skeletons of dead coral, buried in layers of silt.4.Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology as it is also called,concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolved.5.It wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key tospace travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop.6.There is an anticipation, especially through daydreaming and fantasy,ofintense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those customarily encountered.7.However, it is also a place where some children are exposed, with little or noprotection, to exploitative employment, urban crime and abuse.8.However, community water points still suffer breakdowns and attempts toremedy this, through community managed pump maintenance schemes, are still far from universal successful.9.Deforestation, mainly carried out by farmers cleaning land to make way forfields as they move higher into the mountains, has drastically contracted the mammal’s range.10.The latest conservation management plan for the panda, prepared byChina’s Ministry of Forestry and the World Wide Fund for Nature, aims primarily to maintain panda habitats and to ensure that populations are linked wherever possible.11.Firms that once bashed everything out of steel now find that new alloys orcomposite materials (which can be made from mixtures of plastic, resin, ceramics and metals, reinforced with fibers such as glass or carbon) are changing the rules of manufacturing.12.Thus species such as the native raspberry, which would be an agriculturalsuccess had it not had to compete with established European varieties at the time of European settlement, are of no commercial value.nguage has become impoverished—sometimes to the point ofextinction.14.For the so-called power events—that require a relatively brief, explosiverelease of energy, like the 100-meter sprint and the long jump—times and distances have improved ten to twenty per cent.15.In addition, almost all strategies for assessing subjectivewell-being—including those that sample people’s experience by polling them at random times with beepers—turn up similar findings.16.Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater—specifically a greywhale calf in captivity for a year, and free-ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii—have obviously tracked objects with vision under water, and they can apparently see moderately well both in waster and in air.从句宾语从句1.But the origins of what is now generally known as modern architecture canbe traced back to the social and technological changes of the 18th and 19th centuries.2.Determining who is the more powerful party without a decisive andpotentially destructive power contest is difficult because power is ultimatelya matter of perceptions.anizations should recognize that their employees are a significant part oftheir financial assets.4.But Byers points out that the benefit of increased exercise disappearrapidly after training stops, so any improvement in endurance resulting from juvenile play would be lost by adulthood.5.Nevertheless, recent studies of the larger reservoirs formed behind damshave implied that decomposing, flooded vegetation could give off greenhouse gases equal to those from other electricity sources.表语从句1.Part of the problem was that no satisfactory method of bleaching pulp hadyet been devised.2.The assumption is that the investigation of deviance can reveal interestingand significant aspects of normal societies.3.What makes the water issue even more urgent is that demand for water willgrow increasingly fast as larger areas are placed under crops and economicdevelopment.定语从句which/that1.Meanwhile, films themselves developed from being short ‘attractions’ only acouple of minutes long, to the full-length feature that has dominated the world’s screens up to the present day.2.But by studying the dance on the inner wall of the hive, von Frischdiscovered a remarkable method which the dancer used to tell her sisters the direction of the food in relation to the sun.3.Tourism is a leisure activity which presupposes its opposite, namelyregulated and organized work.4.It is a system of signs that enable us to categorize phenomena that areessentially ambiguous.5.The complexity, degree and sustainment of organizational performancerequires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet and the paper conversion of financial inputs into profit making outputs.6.Cutting the hefty subsidies that go to the world’s coal producers would helptilt the wor ld’s energy balance toward natural gas, which gives off much less c7.The digested dung in these burrows is an excellent food supply for theearthworms, which decomposes it further to provide essential soil nutrients.8.The suffragette movement, which campaigned for votes for women in theearly twentieth century, is most commonly associated with the Pankhurst family and militant acts of varying degrees of violence.9.Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take forgranted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water.who1.It is for students with a business studies background who can manage aheavy workload that will contain a greater degree of academic study.2.Members of staff who have paid the requisite fee and display theappropriate permit may bring a vehicle into the grounds.3.It (Course B) is for students with a business studies background who canmanage a heavy workload that will contain a greater degree of academic study.4.Those who are prepared to live in share accommodation, which may not besuitable for all, might manage on A$10,000 per year.5.This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterday’sissue may be seriously misjudging the public mood.6. A number of species are available from the CSIRO or through a smallnumber of private breeders, most of whom were entomologists with the CSIRO’s dung beetle unit who have taken their specialized knowledge of the insect and opened small business in direct competition with their former employer.介词搭配引导词1.Alternatively, there may be a coin meter, in which case you will be advisedwhen you are making your booking.2.All the courses are taught by highly qualified teachers, many of whom alsoteach on Language Institute graduate programs in second language teaching and applied linguistics.3.Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selectionacts.4.What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes helpto prevent or reduce contamination?5.First introduced in 1982, these are organizations which provide childrenunder five with a domestic setting in which they are intensively exposed to the language.6.The WZCS estimates that there are about 10,000 zoos in the world, of whicharound 1,000 represent a core of quality collections capable of participating in co-ordinated conservation programmes.7.developed, which is essential for these children as future decision makers.8.These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies ofpupil’s views about th e use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life.9.Those surveyed had experienced chronic illnesses, for which orthodoxmedicine had been able to provide little relief.10.When a sprinter runs, Yessis explains, her foot stays in contact with theground for just under a tenth of a second, half of which is devoted to landing and the other half to pushing off.11.It is the difference, for example between the academic papers with whichCrick and Watson demonstrated the structure of the DNA molecule and the fascinating book The Double Helix in which Watson (1968) described how they did it.12.The particular individual with whom one is concerned in the analysis of anysituation is usually given the name of focal person.where1.The atmosphere at the College is that of an adult environment where arelationship of mutual respect is encouraged between students and tutors.4. A branch of Waterstone’s bookshops is located on campus, where you canbuy a range of stationery, drawing equipment, artists’ materials and books, as well as many other useful items you may need.5.The atmosphere at the College is that of an adult environment where arelationship of mutual respect is encouraged between students and tutors.6.Fishermen tend to live in places where few other jobs are available.1.This led to a rise in the number of small to medium sized hydroelectric oreleft-handed males than females.2.It is no coincidence that left-handed children, forced to use their right hand,often develop a stammer as they are robbed of their freedom of speech.3.The Human Genome Project holds the promise that, ultimately, we may beable to alter our genetic inheritance if we so choose.4.For example, one graphic illustration to which children might readily relate isthe estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes—about the duration of a normal classroom period.5.Despite the fact that rockets had been used sporadically for several hundredyears, they remained a relatively minor artifact of civilization until the twentieth century.6.Theories that the origins of spring, arctic haze, first seen over the ice cap inthe 1950s, came from far away were at first not accepted.状语从句条件/时间状语从句1.The newspaper production process has come a long way from the old dayswhen the paper was written, edited, typeset and ultimately printed in one building with the journalists working on the upper floors and the printing presses going on the ground floor.2.Unless previously suspended or cancelled, this license must be renewed onor before the date of expiry.3.When the victim is directly involved in the crime, however, as in the case ofa robbery, rapid response, provided the victim was quickly able to contactthe police, is more likely to be advantageous.。

托福阅读长难句

托福阅读长难句为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读长难句1In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessaryto meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)大家先自己理解，多想想，先别看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。

(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )老邪分析：一个句子重点在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。

以下主干为句子中红色部分，括号里均是修饰成分。

修饰一：(In order for the structure)，介词短语修饰二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非谓语做形容词性修饰structure修饰三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入语，插入语记得先跳过去，断句别出问题，that和have changed是在一起的。

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TOEFL托福阅读长难句分析汇总

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托福阅读长难句

托福阅读长难句

新托福阅读长难句120句(分析译文)