考研英语长难句分析

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2012

1. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that weaken the court's reputation for being independent and impartial.

【分析】复合句。主句主干为justices acted。in several instances 和in ways作状语，that 引导定语从句修饰ways。

【译文】然而，在一些情况下，法官的行为方式削弱了法院保持中立且公正的名声。

【临摹】不同于硅谷的那些企业，印度这些公司在思路上可能更有创意。

2. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements.

【分析】复合句，主句为That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that 引导的名词性从句。

【译文】这类行为使得法院的裁定被认为是公正判决的可能性有所下降。

【词法拓展】

it 作形式宾语放在动词与宾语补足语之间，指代不定式、动名词、从句等，此时，it 无实际意义。这种情况只能用于能以名词或形容词作宾语补足语的动词后面，如feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, suppose, think, deem, regard, count 等。3. At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary.

【分析】复合句。At the very least在句首作状语，that 引导定语从句修饰the code of conduct。

【译文】至少，法院应当服从适用于联邦司法系统其余部门的行为准则。

4. They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support.

【分析】复合句。主句为They gave justices permanent positions, so 引导目的状语从句，从句主干为they would be free...and have no need...。

【译文】他们给予法官们终身任期，以便法官们能自由地推翻当权者，且无需拉拢政治支持。

5. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property.

【分析】复合句。主句为Constitutional law is political。because 引导原因状语从句；其中分词短语rooted in... 作定语修饰choices, 介词短语like liberty and property 修饰concepts。

【译文】宪法是由植根于自由和所有权等基本社会观念的选择造成的，因此它是政治性的。【临摹】意识形态总是植根于不断变化的权力结构与权力斗争中。

6.When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it shapes is inescapably political—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust.

【分析】多重复合句。主句为the law...is inescapably political。when 引导时间状语从句；it shapes 为省略引导词的定语从句，修饰the law, it 指代the court; which 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰主句，其中包含why 引导的表语从句。

【译文】当法院处理社会决策时，它适用的法律不可避免地具有政治性——这也就是为什么不同意识形态的决策容易被认为是不公正的而不予考虑。

7. The justices must address doubts about the court's legitimacy by making themselves accountable to the code of conduct.

【分析】简单句。句子主干为The justices must address doubts，介词短语about the court's legitimacy 修饰doubts，by making...作方式状语。

【译文】法官必须通过对行为准则负责来解除人们对于法院公正性的怀疑。

【点拨】1)address 在本句中作及物动词，意为“处理，对付”，如：to address an issue 处理问题。2) accountable to 意为“对...负责”。3) the code of conduct 意为“行为准则，行为规范”。

【临摹】当政府对人民负责时，国家才更有可能繁荣发展。

2011年

1. Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.

【分析】简单句。句子主干为Laughter does produce short-term changes。介词短语in the function of...作changes 的后置定语，句末的现在分词短语boosting...作伴随状语。

【译文】“笑”确实能给心血管带来短期的变化，提高心率以及对氧气的吸收。

2. But because hard laughter is diffficult to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.