英语二试题(2)
英语二测试题及答案
英语二测试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The ________ of the building is quite impressive.A. scaleB. skillC. scale modelD. scale drawing2. He was ________ to see his hometown again after so many years.A. excitedB. excitingC. excitedlyD. excitement3. The ________ of the new policy has been delayed due to unforeseen circumstances.A. implementationB. implicationC. simplificationD. specification4. She is always the first one to ________ when there is a problem.A. step upB. step downC. step forwardD. step back5. The ________ of the old factory has been a topic of debate for years.A. demolitionB. renovationC. decorationD. devastation二、阅读理解（共30分，每题6分）Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of cycling has increased significantly. Many people have chosen to cycle to work orfor leisure activities. The reasons for this trend are multifaceted. Firstly, cycling is an environmentally friendly mode of transport. It does not produce harmful emissions and helps to reduce air pollution. Secondly, cycling is a healthy way to commute. It provides a form of exercise that can improve physical fitness and overall health. Lastly, cycling can save money as it is a low-cost alternative to driving or using public transport.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Cycling is becoming more popular.B. Cycling is an environmentally friendly mode of transport.C. Cycling is a healthy way to commute.D. All of the above.7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the increase in cycling's popularity?A. It is eco-friendly.B. It is a form of exercise.C. It is a way to save money.D. It is a fast mode of transport.Passage 2The concept of a "smart city" is becoming increasingly prevalent. A smart city uses technology to improve thequality of life for its residents. This includes the use of sensors and data analytics to monitor and manage traffic flow, energy consumption, and public services. The goal is tocreate a more efficient and sustainable urban environment. However, there are concerns about privacy and the potential misuse of data.8. What is the main purpose of a smart city?A. To increase the use of technology.B. To improve the quality of life for residents.C. To monitor and manage traffic flow.D. To create a more efficient urban environment.9. What is one concern regarding smart cities mentioned inthe passage?A. The high cost of implementation.B. The potential misuse of data.C. The lack of public support.D. The difficulty in managing data.三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）Once upon a time, there was a small village where everyonewas friendly and helpful. One day, a stranger came to the village. He was lost and needed help to find his way. Thevillagers _______10_____ him with open arms and offered to help.10. A. welcomedB. warnedC. ignoredD. questionedThe stranger was grateful for their kindness and decided to stay for a while. He soon became a part of the community and _______11_____ the villagers with his unique skills.11. A. amazedB. boredC. amusedD. annoyed四、翻译（共15分）12. 将下列句子从英语翻译成中文（5分）"Knowledge is power."13. 将下列句子从中文翻译成英语（10分）“教育是社会进步的基石。
英语二试题及参考答案
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。
必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。
第一部分：阅读判断（第1〜10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
To Lease(租赁) or Not to LeasePlanning tolease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasingcan end up being just as expensive as buying.Most peoplethink about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They'reright-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were tolease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If youwere to buy the same car, you would pay about $400per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But afteryour lease is over, you have to give the car back.Many peoplewant to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwisebe able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you mightbe able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buya used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore， allows you to drive thelatest models of moreexpensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it,and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later.Furthermore,people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when thelease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you goover that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up payingthousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have topay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must returnthe car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.By now, thebenefits of buying over leasing should be clear. Remember: whatever model youcan afford to buy, it is yours after you make the payments. There's no givingback, and that makes all the difference.1. People usually think leasing a car can save money.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2.Leasing a car costs less in the long term.B. FalseC. Not GivenA. True3. More people like to lease cars than before.A. TrueB. FalseC Not Given4. People can lease a car they cannot afford.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5.Young people prefer to lease the latest models of cars.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. Ford Explorer is the most popular model in the leasing market.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. People often pay more than they expect for a lease.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8.People need to pay for each mile they drive during the lease.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Leasing companies pay for repairs to the leased cars.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10.The author advises people to buy an affordable car.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11〜15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
2024考研英语二真题及参考答案(完整版)
2024考研英语二真题及参考答案(完整版)2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person wont be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifits doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other life changes also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.Its important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be abletomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like youre alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognize when yourefeeling like its all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when youre _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-minded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretful20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Text 1Anger over AIs role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technologys future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recentpast,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,saysCoyle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing the benefits—if theyre just seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."Were talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor aboutone-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographicaldisparities in wealth will continue tosoar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce peoples workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys relianceontimber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UKs wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic woodsupply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUKs net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernments inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodpetition among traders at homeD.wood producersmotive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmersunwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physiciansadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."Theres not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If were going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But thats a very shortsightedview,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,dont respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And its a reminder that theEPAs involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,arent thinking about next years blue erab harvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.Itsworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its usershealth information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hopingto bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopefuls extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended period of time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in aschool-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they re going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet programassistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Studentsdetermination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmersmarkets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmersmarkets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the areas agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味，摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，人们友好地聊天，农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。
河北省自考英语二试题及答案
河北省自考英语二试题及答案第1题【单选题】【概括大意】The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic（灾难性的）event that mankind has ever suffered.The war affected 80 per cent of the world'speople at that time，from 61 countries，and claimed 55 million lives.The main idea of this paragraph isGloomy WorldB、World's Worst DisasterC、The Origin of The Second World WarD、The Time of The Second World War【正确答案】B【答案解析】disaster是catastrophic（灾难性的）event的另一种表达。
第2题【单选题】It is difficult to understand this kind of calculation.A、intricateB、variedC、indispensableD、equable【正确答案】A【答案解析】参考译文：很难理解这种错综复杂的计算。
intricate错综复杂的，纠缠不清的；varied不同的，种种的；indispensable不可缺少的，绝对必要的；equable变动甚少的，稳定的。
第3题【单选题】【2009.7】The wounded soldiers would recover quickly if they were wel.A、nourishedB、stuffedC、tamedD、ventured【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题考查过去分词意义区分。
译文：如果受伤的战士营养很好，他们就会很快痊愈。
2023年全国硕士研究生考试考研英语二试题真题(含答案)
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business, and though you’re making a nice __1__, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is __2__ growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus __3___ on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world __4___. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the __5___ departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The __6__ was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And __7__ making improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, __8__, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, __9__ a growth team and sparked the kind of __10__ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the __11__ of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this __12__, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently ___13____ the premium version to users of the free version. ____14_____, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can ___15__ the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will __16__ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the___17___ of these goals. The growth leader is also __18__ for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. __19__ attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t __20___ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A] purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2.[A] define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3.[A] exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4.[A] experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5.[A] identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6.[A] rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7. [A] despite[B] unlike [C] through [D] besides8. [A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore [D] again9. [A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack[D] decrease12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting[D] transforming14. [A] as a result[B] at any rate [C] by the way [D] in a sense15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow [D] choose16. [A] share [B] identify[C] divide [D] broaden17.[A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D]accomplishment18. [A] famous [B] responsible[C] available [D] respective19. [A] before [B] once [C] while[D] unless20. [A] serve[B] limit [C] summarize [D] alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, mitigating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account called Shit Lawns, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,260 and 11,272 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass __________.[A] is harmful to the environment[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles[C] is overpraised in the annual show[D] is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in para.3 reveal the campaigner's ________.[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use[C] anger over the proposed tax[D] concern above real grass supply23. In para 4, supporters of fake grass point out that_________.[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A] urge legislation to restrict its use[B] take measures to guarantee its quality[C] remind its users to obey existing rules[D] replace it with sustainable alternatives25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass ________ .[A] is being improved continuously[B] has been a market share decline[C] is becoming affordable[D] has been a controversial productText 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park? But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?[A] decline of business profits[B] inadequate commercialization[C] lack of transportation services[D] poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of the campground may_______?[A] spoil visitor experience[B] help preserve nature[C] bring operational pressure[D] boost visits to parks28. According to para.5, most respondents in the survey would ______?[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C] pay extra for the national parks[D] support the national parks' recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they________[A] lead the way in tourism[B] have historical significance[C] sponsor research on climate[D] provide an income for locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system _______[A] is able to cope with shortages[B] is able to meet visitors' demand[C] is in need of a new pricing policy[D] is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 201, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 facts in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember their information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember their information. But they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." "Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking -something that isnot available on the Internet." I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still, other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-save older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs, observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm:'It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know.31.Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will ________[A] analyze information in detail[B] collect information efficiently[C] switch its focus of memory[D] extend its memory duration32.The process of "cognitive offloading"________[A] helps us identify false information[B] keeps our memory from failing[C] enables us to classify trivial facts[D] lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A] It may reform our way of learning[B] It may impact our society negatively[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?[A] requires further academic research[B] is most studies in older adults[C] is reflected in our reading speed[D] depends on our web-surfing habits35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that ________[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B] the Internet is weakening our memory[C] memory exercise is a must for our brain[D] our ability to focus decline with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers, often to the point of self-destruction. Accidental deaths go up dramatically in adolescence.A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policymakers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late. Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity.”Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. “Reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.36.According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to ______[A] develop opposite personality traits[B] see the world in an unreasonable way[C] have fond memories of the past[D] show attention for their parents37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study[A] explores teenagers' social resposibilities[B] examines teenagers' emotional problems[C] provides a new insight into adolescence[D] highlight negative adolescent behaviour38.What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?[A] It results from the wish to cooperate[B] It is cultivated through education[C] It is subject to family influence[D] It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers ______[A] overstress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition[C] become anxious about their future[D] endeavor to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?[A] why teenagers are self-contradictory[B] why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C] How teenagers develop prosociality[D] How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, productsand systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills. But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work. Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association. How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says. However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”[A] The rise of home prices is a temporarymatter.41.Brian Berry [B] Builders possibly need to submit newestimates of their projects.42.Gareth Belsham [C] There will be specific limits on homeextensions to prevent heat loss43.Marcus Jefford [D] The new rules will take home price to aneven higher lever.44.John Kelly [E] Many people feel that home prices arealready beyond what they can afford45.Andrew Mellor [F] The new rules will affect people whosehome extensions include new windows ordoors.[G] The rule changes will benefit homeownerseventually.【参考答案】41.D42.F43.B44.A45.GSection III Translation46. Directions:Translate following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really cometo life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.【参考译文】18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。
2020年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活的话题。
下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。
1.【答案】D tricky【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。
文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。
空格句开头为but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。
tricky意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。
2.【答案】B for example【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。
所以用表示举例分析的for example最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。
3.【答案】A Fortunately【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。
空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。
第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。
故选Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。
4.【答案】C describe【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。
第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe与define相呼应，故选C符合句意。
2020MBA英语二真题答案及解析（网友版）：SectionⅡText1
【导语】⽣命不是⼀篇“⽂摘”，不接受平淡，只收藏精彩。
对于考试⽽⾔，每天进步⼀点点，基础扎实⼀点点，为您提供2020MBA英语⼆真题答案及解析，通过做题，能够巩固所学知识并灵活运⽤，考试时会更得⼼应⼿，快来练习吧！ 2020年研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试试题(英语⼆) Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats. They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial⼀for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research. The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles. 21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________ [A] pickup social signals from non-living rats [B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one [C] attain sociable traits through special training [D] send out warning messages to their fellow 22. What did the social robot do during the experiment? [A] It followed the social robot. [B]It played with some toys. [C] It set the trapped rats free. [D]It moved around alone. 23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________ [A] tried to practice a means of escape [B] expected it to do the same in return [C] wanted to display their intelligence [D]considered that an interesting game 24. James Wiles notes that rats________ [A]can remember other rat's facial features [B] differentiate smells better than sizes [C] respond more to cations than to looks [D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels 25. It can be learned from the text that rats________ [A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings [B] are more socially active than other animals C] behave differently from children in socializing [D]are more sensitive to social cues than expected答案解析 21. 【答案】A pick up social signals from non-living rats 解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。
综合英语二试题及答案
综合英语二试题及答案试题一：阅读理解阅读下面的文章，回答问题。
文章：In recent years, the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has surged due to environmental concerns and technological advancements. Governments around the world are promoting the use of EVs by offering incentives such as tax breaks and subsidies. However, the adoption of EVs is not without its challenges. One of the main concerns is the availability of charging infrastructure. While the number of chargingstations is increasing, it is still not sufficient to meet the growing demand. Additionally, the range anxiety, which is the fear of running out of battery power before reaching a charging station, is a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of EVs.问题：1. Why has the popularity of electric vehicles increased?2. What are some of the challenges faced by the adoption of electric vehicles?3. What is range anxiety, and why is it a concern for EV users?答案：1. The popularity of electric vehicles has increased due toenvironmental concerns and technological advancements.2. Some challenges faced by the adoption of electric vehicles include the availability of charging infrastructure and the fear of running out of battery power before reaching a charging station, known as range anxiety.3. Range anxiety is the fear of running out of battery power before reaching a charging station. It is a concern for EV users because it can limit the practicality of using an electric vehicle for long-distance travel.试题二：完形填空阅读下面的短文，从括号内所给的选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处。
2023-年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二真题考研英语二
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today ：you're the CEO of a small business,and though you're making a nice 1,you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4.Prior to forming a growth team,the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5 departments of engineering,marketing and product development.This brought them good results until 2012,when their growth plateaued.The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product.And 7 improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade.Things changed,8,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version 14,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals.The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions.19 attractive new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don't 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A]purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2．[A]define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3．[A]exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4．[A]experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5．[A]identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6．[A]rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7．[A]despite[B]unlike[C]through[D]besides8．[A]moreover[B]however[C]therefore[D]again9．[A]inspected[B]created[C]expanded[D]reformed10．[A]cultural[B]objective[C]fresh[D]personal11．[A]end[B]burden[C]lack[D]decrease12．[A]policy[B]suggestion[C]purpose[D]insight13．[A]contributing[B]allocating[C]promoting[D]transferring 14．[A]As a result[B]At any rate[C]By the way[D]In a sense 15．[A]unite[B]finance[C]follow[D]choose16．[A]share[B]identify[C]divide[D]broaden17．[A]announcement[B]assessment[C]adjustment[D]accomplishment 18．[A]famous[B]responsible[C]available[D]respectable19．[A]Before[B]Once[C]While[D]Unless20．[A]serve[B]limit[C]summarize[D]alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followingfour texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1In the quest for the perfect lawn,homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut-and it is the environment that is paying the price.About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year's event,declaring it to be not part of its ethos.The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which runs the annual show in west London,says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne,of the RHS,said:“We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits,which include supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of theproblems fake grass causes.A Twitter account,which claims to“cut through the green-wash”of artificial grass,already has more than 20,000followers.It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions,one callingfor a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an“ecologicaldamage”tax on such lawns.They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282signaturesHowever,supporters of fake grass point out that there is also anenvironmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing andtherefore usually consume electricity or petrol.The industry also pointsout that real grass requires considerable amounts of water,weed killer orother treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use theirgarden more.The industry also claims that people who lay fake grassspend an average of£500 on trees or shrubs for their garden,whichprovides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns,which gathered 30,000 signatures,the government responded that it has“no plans to ban the use of artificial grass.It added:"We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters,However the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage,while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass________.[A]is harmful to the environment[B]is a hot topic in gardening circles[C]is overpraised in the annual show[D]is ruining the view of west London22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners’________.[A]disappointment with the RHS[B]resistance to fake grass use[C]anger over the proposed tax[D]concern about real grass supply23.In Paragraph 4,supporters of fake grass point out________.[A]the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B]the disadvantages of growing real grass[C]the way to take care of artificial lawns[D]the challenges of insect habitat protection24.What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A]Urge legislation to restrict its use.[B]Take measures to guarantee its quality.[C]Remind its users to obey existing rules[D]Replace it with sustainable alternatives.25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass______.[A]is being improved continuously[B]has seen a market share decline[C]is becoming increasingly affordable[D]has been a controversial productText2It's easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks.Can anyone really think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the government is right about one thing:U.S.national parks are in crisis.Collectively,they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12 billion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a cure-all.Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and businesses in the parks hand over,on average,only about 5%of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.An economic survey of 700U.S.taxpayers found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.Some 81%of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S.residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature.On top of this,they produce value from their extensive educational programs,their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic life,and of course through tourism.The parks also help keep America's past alive,working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only＄3billion a year to the national park system-an amount that has been flat since 2001(in inflation-adjusted dollars)with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009.Meanwhile,the number of annual visitors has increased by more than50%since 1980,and now stands a t330 million visitors per year. 26.what problem are U.S.national parks facedwith?[A]Decline of business profits[B]Inadequate commercialization[C]Lack of transportation services[D]poorly maintained infrastructure27.Increased privatization of the campgroundsmay________.[A]spoil visitor experience[B]help preserve nature[C]bring operational pressure[D]boost visits to parks28.According to paragraph 5 most respondents in the surveywould[A]go to the national parks on a regular basis[B]advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C]agree to pay extra for the national parks[D]support the national parks'receive reformsText3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember,not our capacity to do so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.In 2011,Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer(“an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain,”for example).Half of the participants were told the information would be erased,while the other half were told it would be saved.Guess what?The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later,because they knew they could find it on their computers.In the same study,a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in.They didn't remember the information,but they remembered how to find the folders.In other words,human memory is not deteriorating but“adopting to new communications technology,”Sparrow says.In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories,a process known as“cognitiveoffloading.”Traditionally,this role was fulfilled by data banks,libraries,and other humans.Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does,for instance.Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society,but Sparrow sees an upside.Perhaps,she suggests,the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something that is not available on the Internet.“I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,”Sparrow says,adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus,for instance,wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel.J.Simons.And surfing the web exercisedthe brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California,Los Angeles.“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet,but I’d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,”observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm.“It seems pretty clear that memory is changing,but is it changing for the better?At this point,we don't know.”31.Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet,the human brainwill________.[A]analyze information in detail[B]collect information efficiently[C]switch its focus of memory[D]extend its memory duration32.The process of“cognitive offloading”________.[A]helps us identify false information[B]keeps our memory from failing[C]Enables us to classify trivial facts[D]lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about theInternet?[A]It may reform our learning approach[B]It may impact our society negatively[C]It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D]It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains[A]requires further academic research[B]is most studied in older adults[C]is reflected in our reading speed[D]depends on our web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that________.[A]our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B]the Internet is weakening our memory[C]memory exercise is a must for our brains[D]our ability to focus declines with ageText436.According to Paragraph,children growing into adolescence tend to[A]develop opposite personality traits[B]see the word in an unreasonable way[C]have fond memories of their past[D]show affection for their parents37.It can be learned from 2 that Crone'sstudy________.[A]explores teenagers'socialresponsibilities[B]examines teenagers'emotionalproblems[C]provides a new insight intoadolescence[D]highlights negative adolescentbehavior38.What does crone's study find about prosocialbehavior?[A]It results from the wish to cooperate[B]It is cultivated through education[C]It is subject to family influence[D]It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers________.[A]over-stress their influence on others[B]care a lot about social recognition[C]Become anxious about their future[D]Endeavor to live a joyful life40.What is the text mainly about________.[A]Why teenagers are self-contradictory.[B]Why teenagers arerisk-sensitive.[C]How teenagers develop prosociality.[D]How teenagers become independent.Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensionssoaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes,as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules,which came into effect on Wednesday in England,are part of government plans to reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.They set new standards for ventilation,energy efficiency and heating,and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years,and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.Brian Berry,chief executive of the Federation of MasterBuilders,saysthe measures will require new materials,testing methods,products and systems to be installed.“All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high.Inevitably,consumers will have to pay more,"he says.Gareth Belsham,of surveyors Naismiths,says people who are upgrading,or extending their home,will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,”he explains.“There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions,and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards,while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman,of MyJobQuote,says this will bring in newrestrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows,doors and rooflightsmust cover no more than 25%of the floor area to prevent heat loss,"hesays.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday,property developerswere rushing to file plans just before the deadline.Any plans submittedbefore that date are considered to be under the previous rules,and can goahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects,but have not filed thepaperwork,may need to go back and submit fresh estimates,says MarcusJefford of Build Aviator.Materials prices are already up 25%in the last two years.How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is notclear."Whilst admirable in their intentions,they will add to the cost ofhousebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out ofhomeownership,"says Jonathan Rolande of the National Association ofProperty Buyers.“An average extension will probably see around£3,000additional cost thanks to the new regs."John Kelly,a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm,believes priceswill eventually come down.But not in the immediate future."As themarketplace adapts to the new requirements,and the technologies thatsupport them,the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bringcosts down,but in the short term,we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition.”he says.However,the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes,adds Andrew Mellor,of PRP architects.“Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings.It will obviously be very volatile at the moment,but they will46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)In the late 18th century,William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature.And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism,which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful.Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader,transport them to another world and make them see things differently.Through carefully selected words and phrases,poems can bedramatic,funny,beautiful,moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years,even before people could write.It was a way to tell stories and pass down history.It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud.Poems really come to life when they are recited.This can also help with understanding them too,because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer. Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsAn art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday and yourfriend David asks you which one he should go to.Write him an email to1)make a suggestion,and2)give your reason(s)Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEETDo not use your own name in your email,use“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,youshould 1)describe and interpret the chart and2)give your comments.Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)health literacy健康素养2011-2021我国居民健康素养水平。
英语二模拟试题2
英语二模拟测评二试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. The choice of a(n) 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of econom ic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should4 enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a 5 of work rather than for a single job.Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 6 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 7 about the occupational world or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 8 . Some drift from job to job. Others 9 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One 10 mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or 11 prestige. Too many high school students or their parents for them choose the professional field, 12 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 13 . The prestige that people tend to 14 to a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as life’s work. 15 , these occupations are not always well paid.Before making a decision, a person should have a 16 idea of what he wants 17 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual 18 . Some want security; others are willing to take 19 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its 201. [A] identification [B] entertainment [C] accommodation [D] occupation2. [A] however [B] therefore [C]though [D]thereby3. [A]entirely [B]mainly [C] partly [D]certainly4. [A]since [B] therefore [C]furthermore [D]forever5. [A]place [B]chance [C] field [D]opening6. [A]to [B]for [C]without [D]with7. [A]little [B]few [C]much [D] a lot8. [A]chance [B]basis [C]purpose [D]opportunity9. [A]apply [B]appeal [C]stick [D]turn10.[A]common [B]prevailing [C]epidemic [D]popular11.[A]imagined [B]substantial [C]acquired [D]demanded12.[A]concerning [B]following [C]considering [D]disregarding13.[A]preferences [B]requirements [C]tendencies [D]ambitions14.[A] contribute [B]attach [C]attribute [D]allot15.[A]Since [B]But [C]Nevertheless [D]Moreover16.[A]comprehensive [B]apprehensive [C]general [D]perfect17.[A]towards [B]against [C]out of [D]without18[A]knowledge [B]satisfaction [C]culture [D]sensitivity19.[A]turns [B]parts [C]choices [D]risks20.[A] awards [B]requirements [C]results [D]needsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is reported that the Supreme Court will hear arguments about the use of public money for the private schooling of children with special needs. It’s interesting to note what’s not at issue: namely, that when a public school system is unable to provide an appropriate education, it is obliged to pay the costs of private school. Too bad poor c hildren don’t have that unshakable right; if they did, there would be no controversy about the District Program that gives vouchers to low-income children to attend private school.The case to be heard by the court hinges on whether parents have to enroll a child with special needs in public school before the child can attend private school at public expense. Special education advocates say students shouldn’t have to waste time before being placed in a setting that best suits their needs, while school boards worry about a ruling that could amount to an unfettered fight to private schooling at public expense. What strikes us about the emotionally charged debate is the acceptance by both sides that sometimes it is appropriate to use public money to pay for a child to go to a private school. So, why all the arguments about the approximately $14 million for a federally funded program that lets 1.700D.C. Students attend private schools instead of failing public schools?To hear critics of the D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program tell it, the use of public money for private schooling is as unprecedented as it is undesirable. In addition to the billions of dollars spent annually on private school tuition for students with disabilities, private schools get public money for books, technology and teacher training. As long as the money is seen as benefiting the child, it is considered a proper, even desirable, use of public dollars.Don’t get us wrong. We’re not arguing for the unilateral right of parents to enr oll their sons and daughters in any school they wish with the taxpayers picking up the bill. Abuse of special-education policies has contributed to increased costs that threaten to take needed money from general public education funds. Safeguards are needed. Public schools should be pressed to do a better job for students with disabilities and students without. But there are schools in Washington where statistics show thatfailure is almost guaranteed. If a school system can’t educate a child ---whether because of acute special needs or its own historical failings-why should that child not have options for a“free appropriate public education?”21. We can infer from the arguments at the Supreme Court that____.[A]arguing about spending public money for private schooling is ridiculous[B] public schools are of very poor education quality[C] people consider it is reasonable to use public money for certain students’private schooling.[D] too much public money is put into the private schools or children with special needs.22. The special-education advocates believe that____.[A] parents can make decisions for their children[B] children should be put directly into the private schools[C] there is no need to argue about this problem any more[D] children should try out both places before making decisions23. What does the word “ unfettered”(Para.2) mean?[A] unlimited [B]extreme [C] unwanted [D] ultimate24. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]while putting public money in private schools, public schools can also benefit.[B] Public schools only consider the need of students without disabilities[C] It is children’s right to choose private s chools when public ones are not good enough.[D] There is evidence to show that public schools in Washington D.C. Are terrible.25. What is the author’s attitude toward using public money to pay for the private schooling of the disabled students?[A]Neutral [B] Supportive [C] Hesitant [D] DetachedText 2Police in the popular resort city Virginia Beach recently began operating video’s surveillance cameras with controversial face recognition technology. Virginia B each and Tampa in Florida are two cities in the United States to acquire the technology, which costs $197,000.”Before we switched it on, we went through an extensive education process with hearings and the involvement of citizen groups and minority groups, who h elped write the policies we are using” said deputy police chief Greg Mullen. A citizens’ auditing committee has the right to perform unannounced spot checks on police headquarters to make sure the technology is not being misused.Three of the city’s 13 cameras are linked full-time to the face recognition system, though the others can be activated as needed. The database of wanted people is updated every day. So far, the system has failed to produce a single arrest, though it has generated a few false alarms. It works by analyzing faces based on a series of measurements, such as the distance from the tip of the nose to the chin or the spacebetween the eyes. Critics say it is highly inaccurate and can be easily fooled. Mullen, who sees the system eventually being linked to the databases of other city, state and federal law enforcement agencies to track criminals and suspected terrorists, said:”The system doesn’t look at skin color or your hair or your gender. It takes human prejudices out of the equation.”“This technology has little or no effort on the crime rate but it does have an effect on people’s behavior. People feel cowed” said Bruce Steinhardt, who directs the technology. Despite the fact that tests have shown face recognition only works in around 30 percent of cases, the ACLU is alarmed that the technology may soon spread to airports. The organization also fears it could potentially be used to monitor individuals’ political activities to harass law-abiding citizens.“This kind of surveillance should be subject to the same procedures as wiretaps. Law enforcement agencies should justify why they need it and it should be tightly limited, otherwise it will soon become a tool of social control”, said Mihir Kshirsagar of the Electronic Information Privacy Center. Nor does such criticism come exclusively from the political left. Lawyer John Whitehead, founder of the conservative Rutherford Institute, wrote in an editorial that the technology threatened the right of each U.S. citizen to participate in society. “After all, that is exactly what constant surveillance is- the ultimate implied threat of coercion,” he wrote.26. Mullen’s statement in Paragraph 1 indicates that______.[A] Police is confident in using the technology[B] Police has made preparation for the use of the technology[C] Citizens have rights over managing the technology[D] Police has gone through public education process27. The system fails to arrest a wanted person in that______[A] The measurements are not accurate in recognizing people.[B] The system does not look at skin color or one’s gender.[C]The system just analyses faces through measuring and doesn’t considerpeople’s specific features.[D] The system is highly inaccurate and can be easily fooled.28. What is the ACLU’s attitude toward the system?[A]Worried [B] Skeptical [C] Confident [D] Indifferent29. In John Whitehead’s opinion, face recognition technology ____.[A]may interfere with people’s privacy[B]may e nhance the country’s constant surveillance[C]can be used in the same way wiretaps are used[D]can be used after its threat has been removed30. What is the passage mainly about?[A]Disadvantages of face recognition technology[B] Purposes of face recognition technology[C]Controversial face recognition technology[D]Effect of face recognition technologyText 3What’s a label worth? A lot, it seems.Michael Hiscx and Nicholas Smyth, two Harward University researchers, conducted an experiment on two sets of towels in an upmarket New York shop. One lot carried a label with the logo”Fair and Square” and the following message: These towels have been make under fair labor conditions, in a safe and healthy working environment which is free of discrimination, and where management has committed to respecting the rights and dignity of workers.The other set had no such label. Over five months, the researchers observed the impact of making various changes such as switching the label to the other set of towels and raising prioes. The results were striking: not only did sales of towels increase when they carried the Fair and Square label, they carried on increasing each time the price was raised.No wonder companies are keen to appeal to ethically(i.e. morally) minded consumers, whether on labor standards or green credentials. Timberland, a New Hampshire outdoor-gear company, is introducing detailed “Green Index” labels on its shoes. Tesco, M&S and Wal-Mart have all launched initiatives that bet on the rise of the ethical consumer.M&S estimates that about three-quarters of British consumers are interested in the green theme in some way. But even the keenest ethical consumer faces complicated situations, and sometimes the apparently obvious ethical choice turns out to be the wrong one. Surely it must be greener for Britons to buy roses from the Netherlands than ones air- freighted from Kenya? In fact, a study showed that related green house gas to the Dutch roses to be six times as large because they had to be grown in heated greenhouses.Joel Makower, editor of GreenBiz. Com, says that, given a choice, most consumers will choose the greener product--provided it does not cost any more, comes from a trusted maker, requires no special effort to buy or use and is at least as good as the alternative. “That’s almost an impossible barrier for any product,” he notes.So shoppers will still flock to shops selling cheap products of decent quality, ignoring how these are made. They will often buy more if a product is attractively presented, never mind that the packaging may be wasteful. And when companies try to do the right thing, consumers will not always go along with them.The lesson for companies is that selling green is hard work. And it is no good getting too far ahead of the customer. Half a step ahead is about right. Much more, and you won’t sell. Any less, and you won’t lead.31.The experiment on the towels indicated that ____.[A] consumers liked to purchase labeled products[B] consumers would buy goods when prices rose[C] consumption was influenced by green labels[D] ethical concern may influence consumption32.According to the text, consumers’ ethical choice____.[A] determines the production of commodities[B] forces companies to sell green products only[C] leads to higher labor and green standards[D] leads companies to modify business activities33. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that____.[A] green buying may be at higher environment cost[B]green production is actually complicated business[C]Dutch rose growth is greener than Kenya ones[D]British consumers actually oppose green farming34. According to Joel Makower, most consumers ______.[A] buy green products when given a choice[B] reject greener products for various reasons[C] pay more attention to the price of a product[D] refuse to follow the activities of companiespanies may learn the lesson that____.[A] it is not worthwhile leading the consumers[B] the customers are not easily to be mislead[C] green policy is nor effective for marketing[D] companies need a balanced green policyText 4An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services; for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, and harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependence of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries’ economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general a union, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which arebeing pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their member s’ disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printer to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of “shop stewards” in many unions,” shop stewards” being workers elected by other workers as their representatives as factory or works level.36. Britain especially depends upon certain essential services partly because _____.[A] its industry is highly centralized and concentrated[B] its transport system often fails[C] its economic system is at high risk[D] its electricity supply is inadequate37. The author mentions Britain’s economic interdependency in the first paragraph in order to _____.[A] depict the UK’s state of danger[B] reveal the UK’s dependency on certain essential services[C] explain the various areas of dependency in Britain[D] introduce the topic under discussion38. The different proportions of workers in Britain and America are mentioned in paragraph so as to______.[A] show the highly organized workforce in Britain[B] reveal that Britain and America have different developing lines[C]indicate that 55% of Britain workers belong to unions[D]manifest that British unions are much stronger than those in U.S.39. According to the text, some traditional trades are vanishing because of _____.[A]the emergence of new trends[B]technological advances[C] the considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement[D]the prevalence of skilled trades40. The most appropriate title for this text could be______.[A] The British Trade Unions’ Power and Problems[B] The Power of the Trade Unions in UK[C] British Heavy Dependency on Certain Services[D] The British Trade Unions’ Problems and Their SolutionsPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.( 10 points)[A]Geniuses were born with assuming responsibilities[B] Accepting responsibilities and ready to embrace failure[C] Take action to achieve your responsibilities[D]Stress is the main reason for most people not becoming leaders[E] Taking and assuming responsibilities can help defeat fear[F] Leadership is closely related to responsibilities[G]Dedicating is the key to be a geniusWhen entering a room, are you looking around or are you plainly confident and going straight somewhere? Well, if you answered that you’d be looking around; you don’t have leadership skills yet.41.______________________.Leaders enter every place having in mind that they are the leaders and that people will be looking at them for cues on how to behave in their presence. They have an aura of confidence and they let no one walk on their foot. But not all persons were born leaders; some skills acquired in your life can help you improve your leadership. Increasing your leadership skills is a question of taking responsibility and especially assuming them.42.______________________.First, you must accept to take responsibility you would not take in the past and you must accept that you might do them not correctly. It is fine for everyone to learn and to make errors. Imagine if you were to start learning out to write and you wouldn’t be allowed to practice.If after a few times you were not able to write correctly, you would have to quit, who would you been now? Well, you wouldn’t be able to read this and you wouldn’t be able to comment or to write anything. You would not be able to get a job that requires you to report to someone else. You would not be able to communicate over the Internet with others using e-mails. You see, it’s okay to fail even it’s the first time or 2000th time.43. __________________________.Second, like it was stated before, you must take responsibilities and then assured them. Assuming means you must take action and to take action is to take decisions. Not only will it take decision, but you will follow them. When you follow what you’ve decided you go forward. This way you will be learning much faster from your errors, and you will become one of the best.43. ____________________________.You see people call others geniuses. What is a genius? Someone was born with the talents or someone that is so good that everyone thinks he’s a genius? You see, most people accept that geniuses are people that are good at what they are doing. I don’t think that someone was born with the talent of a genius that he could play the piano.They must have learned, failed, worked hard to become what is called a genius. It’s not that hard to become a genius. All you have to do is dedicate some time to one of your passions and get into it as far as you can.45. __________________________.Everyone wants to become a leader but most don’t become leaders because it involves too much work and especially too much stress. All that stress is caused by fear. Fear of the unknown. When you know what to do and you accepted to take responsibilities and assume them, becoming a leader is much more interesting than being one of the crowd. Go work on your leadership skills. Accept your responsibilities and take actions.. Section III Translation46. Directions: In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Winter holidays can be a dangerous time for people who have heart disease. In fact, according to an article citing a study by Ted Ning, Christmas has the highest rate of death caused by heart attack, followed by December 26 and New Year’s Eve. Why? “During the holidays, a lot of Americans eat too much and drink more alcohol while ditching their exercise routine.” said Ning.A heart attack can start slowly with a clot blocking blood flow to the heart, but as the minutes tick by, the heart muscle is suffering permanent damage. Women are more likely than men to experience vague symptoms such as shortness of breath of breath or back pain. Youth, relatively speaking, is no reason to disregard these symptoms, especially if yo u’re female. Heart attacks are up 32 percent in the last decade among women under the age of 50, which is troubling in the light of a 2007 study that found more than half of women under the age of 55 who suffer a heart attack ignore their symptoms for more than an hour.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: A chemical plant should be responsible for the air pollution in your city. Write a letter to the City Environmental Protection Agency to1) give your opinions briefly;2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming instead”Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing you should1) describe the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)。
英语二试题及参考答案
2021年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二〕试卷〔课程代码：00015〕本试卷共8页，总分值100分，考试时间150分钟。
考生答卷前必须将自己的和号写在答题卡上。
必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。
第一局部：阅读判断〔第1〜10题，每题1分，共10分〕下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
To Lease(租赁) or Not to LeasePlanning tolease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasingcan end up being just as expensive as buying.Most peoplethink about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They'reright-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were tolease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If youwere to buy the same car, you would pay about $400per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But afteryour lease is over, you have to give the car back.Many peoplewant to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwisebe able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you mightbe able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buyaused Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore， allows you to drive the latest models of moreexpensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it,and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later.Furthermore,people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when thelease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you goover that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up payingthousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have topay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must returnthe car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.By now, thebenefits of buying over leasing should be clear. Remember: whatever model youcan afford to buy, it is yours after you make the payments. There's no givingback, and that makes all the difference.1. People usually think leasing a car can save money.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2.Leasing a car costs less in the long term.B. FalseC. Not GivenA. True3. More people like to lease cars than before.A. TrueB. FalseC Not Given4. People can lease a car they cannot afford.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5.Young people prefer to lease the latest models of cars.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. Ford Explorer is the most popular model in the leasing market.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. People often pay more than they expect for a lease.A. TrueB. FalseC. NotGiven8.People need to pay for each mile they drive during the lease.A. TrueB. FalseC. NotGiven9. Leasing panies pay for repairs to the leased cars.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10.The author advises people to buy an affordable car.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二局部：阅读选择〔第11〜15题，每题2分，共10分〕阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项〔A、B、C、D)中选出1个最正确选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
四川大学网络教育学院 大学英语(二) 模拟试题2 及参考答案
《大学英语(二)》学生自测模拟题（二）Ⅰ. Use of English (5%)Directions:In this part there are 5 incomplete dialogues. For each dialogue there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the O ne answer that best completes the dialogue.1. —What’s the time by your watch?— .A. It’s half past five.B. It’s SundayC. It’s FebruaryD. It’s a fine day.2. —Are you doing anything special on Friday, Bill?—___________.—Oh, what a pity!A. No, nothing specialB. Yes, I have promised to c all on some friendsC. Yes, of courseD. No, I’m not sure. Why ?3. —Did you hear what happened to John?— .A. Who is John?B. John is a good man.C. No, I have no idea. What?D. John happened to be here.4. —What’s the matter with you, Jim? You look pale.— .A. Oh, it is well.B. I fell awful today. I didn’t get any sleep last night.C. Yes but I don't careD. It has nothing to do with you.5. —I’d like to make an appointment with Mr. White.— .A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment.B. Why didn’t you call earlier?C. Certainly. May I know your name?D. Sorry. He doesn’t want to see you.Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is f ollowed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1Is it difficult for you get up in the morning? Do you sometime s oversleep? Are you often late for work or school? Yes? Then Hiroyuki Sugiyama of Japan has a special bed for you. Hiroyuki’s bed wil l get you up in the morning! Here is how it works:The bed is connected to an alarm clock. First, the alarm c lock rings. You have a few minutes to wake up. Next, a tape record er in the bed plays soft music or other pleasant sounds. A few mi nutes later, a second recording plays. The second recording can be l oud music or unpleasant sounds. If you don’t get up after the second recording, you’ll be sorry. A mechanical “foot”is in the bed. The mechanical foot kicks you in the head. Then the bed waits a few more minutes. What! You’re still in bed! Slowly, the top of the b ed rises higher and higher. The foot of the bed goes lower and low er. Finally, the bed is vertical. You slide off the bed and onto t he floor. You are awake and out of bed.Hiroyuki make his bed because he wanted to win a contest. He w orks for Honda Motor Company. Once every two years, Honda has a con test —the “All Honda Idea Contest”. In 1996 Hiroyuki won a prize for his bed.6. The purpose of the passage is _________.A. to introduce a special bedB. to tell a storyC. to wake somebody upD. to praise Hiroyuki7. What does the special bed do first in the morning?A. It s tape recorder plays soft music.B. Its tape recorder plays loud music.C. It kicks you in the bed.D. Its alarm clock rings.8. If you don’t wake up after the clock rings, what will happen?A. The mechanical “foot”kicks you in the head.B. The bed becomes vertical and you slide off the bed.C. The tape recorder plays pleasant sounds.D. You will be late for work.9. Why did Hiroyuki make such a special bed?A. Because he wanted to win the contest held by his company.B. Because he was good at inventing new things.C. Because he wanted to make money.D. Because he sometimes overslept.10. Who is Hiroyuki?A. A scientist.B. A company worker.C. An inventor.D. A carpenter.Passage 2A major new development in systems of work in Britain is taking place. Flexible workinghours, or “flextime”, are catching on fast, and this trend is contin uing. In 1973, over 500 organizations had adopted the idea, and by 1974, its number had risen to over 200,000.Flexible working hours were invented in Germany in the late 196 0s but reached Britain only in 1972. The system allows workers to s tart and finish work whenever they want, with only two requirements. These are, firstly, that all workers must be present for certain“k ey”times in the day and secondly, that all workers must work an a greed total number of hours per week.The system has proved an almost total success wherever it has been tried. A survey of 700 workers on flexible hours showed three main advantages: a better balance between working and private life, a voidance of the need to travel during rush hours, and the ability t o be able to finish a certain task before leaving.From the employers’point of view, the system tends to increase productivity, reduce labor turnover and give the worker a greater s ense of duty.11.According to the passage, the _________invented the “flexible working hours”.A. JapaneseB. AmericansC. GermansD. British12. The phrase “catch on”(in Para. 1) most probably means ________ _.A. understandB. become popularC. perceiveD. seize13. What is one of the advantages of “flextime”for workers?A. They can earn more moneyB. They can avoid busy traffic.C. They will do less work.D. They can avoid working hard.14. Which one is NOT an advantage of “flextime”for employers?A. A better balance between working and private life.B. It reduces labor turnover.C. It gives the workers a greater sense of duty.D. It tends to increase productivity.15. The author _________“flextime”according to the passage.A. supportsB. is againstC. criticizesD. hatesPassage 3Human beings, however, have something that no animal has. Human beings have the ability to express their actions, feelings and ideas through words. They can also write words down in order to communicat e past events and to send messages to people far away.Even though some birds have learned to repeat words, they d o not understand the meaning of the words, and therefore they cannot use them to communicate ideas.How did man first learn to speak? Perhaps we shall never k now. However, we do know that as man’s knowledge increased he needed to use more sounds in order to express a greater number of feelin gs and ideas. It became necessary for him to communicate about a gr eater number of things. He began to make more and more different so unds, and gradually he put these sounds together to form, first, wor ds, then groups of words, and then sentences. In different parts of t he world, people developed their own systems of sounds and words. To day, we call these systems ”languages”.There are now about five thousand different languages and di alects in the world, and each of them contains many thousands of wo rds.16. Why can’t some birds use words to communicate ideas though they have learned to repeat them?A. Because they don’t understand the meaning of the words.B. Because they cannot put them into sentences.C. Because they cannot remember them.D. Because they don’t often use them.17. How did human beings first learn languages?A. Maybe nobody will know.B. Surely we’ll know later.C. Certainly nobody knows.D. Perhaps we have known.18. Why did man need to use more sounds as man’s knowledge increase d?A. In order to form words.B. In order to communicate about more things.C. In order to develop a language.D. In order to sing songs.19. What are languages?A. They are sounds.B. They are w ords.C. They are systems of sounds and words.D. They are letters.20. How many languages are there in the world?A. 15, 000.B. 5,000.C. 500.D. 50,000. Passage 4Thomas Alva Edison was awarded more patents on inventions than any other American. When he died in 1931, Americans wondered how the y could best show their respect for him.One suggestion was that the nation observe a minute or two of total blackout. All electric power would be shut off in homes, stree ts, and factories.Perhaps this suggested plan made Americans realized fully what Ed ison and his inventions meant to them. Electric power was too import ant to the country. Shutting it off for even a short time would ha ve led to complete confusion. A blackout was out of the question. On the day of Edision’s funeral, many people silently dimmed their l ights. In this way they honored the man who had done more than any one else to put the great force of electricity at his countrymen’s fingertips.21. This selection says that Thomas Edison _________.A. was the only important American inventorB. received the first American patentC. received more patents than any other AmericanD. was the first American inventor22. People decided to honor Edison when _________.A. he made the first electric lightB. electric power was 100 years oldC. the country realized electricity’s importanceD. he died in 193123. The suggested plan was to _________.A. turn off the lights in factories and schoolsB. observe a few minutes of total silenceC. dim all electric lightsD. shut off all electricity for a short time24. The plan was never carried out because _________.A. not everyone wanted to honor EdisonB. it was too difficultC. electric power was too important to the countryD. it honored only one of Edison’s inventions.25. This passage was probably written to _________.A. tell about Edison’s inventionB. explain electricityC. prove that people wished to honor EdisonD. show what a great man Edison wasⅢ. Vocabulary and structure (25%)Section A Multiple ChoiceDirections: In this section, there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four ch oices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the One Answer that best completes the sentence.26.W e ______our alarm clock to 5 a.m., so we could get an early st art.A. putB. setC. makeD. stop27.However, I must ______that I do not find this to be a serious pr oblem, at least not yet.A. commitB. confineC. confessD. confirm28. The children are aware ______the danger of taking drugs.A. onB. aboutC. of C. to29. Any increase in fuel costs could have an ______on business.A. affectB. effectC. affectionD. effective30. I’m afraid these shoes are not ______in your size.A. applicableB. availableC. accessibleD. adaptable31. To catch the train, he hurriedly ______ and rushed to a taxi waiting outside of the hotel.A. checked inB. checked outC. checked withD. went through32. The first thing ______ you should do to apply for a further s tudy in America is to pass the Graduate Record Examination.A. for whichB. WhichC. in thatD. that33.Going out for a walk in the wood is ______ my grandfather does in the morning.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when34. His father______English here since he graduated from Peking Uni versity.A. has taughtB.teachesC.taughtD. had taught35. You must get up early tomorrow, ______I will go there alone.A. orB. andC. yetD. for36.The teacher said,“What are you thinking about?”=The teacher asked me______ thinking about.A. what were youB. what you wereC. what I wasD. what was I37. I heard the girl ______next door yesterday morning.A. sangB. to singC. have sungD. sing38. Most of the people ______to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. inviting39. “W rite to me when you get home.”“______.”A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I can40. ______they borrowed some money, they could not buy a new house.A. IfB. Except thatC. UnlessD. Now thatSection B CloseDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each b lank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choos e the one answer that best completes the passage.Like most July days, it was hot. I stepped into a tiny ice-cre am shop to cool off with a chocolate ice-cream. It was a very 41 store with little round tables and chairs.As I entered, I found a very old woman bent 42 a table near the door. Her back was so badly bent that her face nearly 4 3 the table top."Poor woman," I thought. "What does she get out of life? Why does God let people live so long past their youth?"As I thought, 44 aged lady entered the shop and sat down wi th her. Soon the two of them were talking about childhood days. The y talked of how little the shop had changed in 70 years. In minute s, the two of them were shaking with laughter.I looked 45 at the first woman, then in the mirror on a nearby wall, catching a picture of myself. I was wearing a dirty shirt; she was well dressed in white. I was 46 ; she was laugh ing, smiling. I sat alone; she was 47 the day with a good fr iend. I was 48 worried about getting old; she was old, but it wasn't 49 her.As I left the shop, I thought of my foolish question about God letting people live past the ir youth. Why, that woman 50 more alive, more sensitive to life, thanI was. Age has not bent her spirit.41. A. old B. modern C. pretty D. ugly42. A. under B. belowC. overD. above43. A. connected B. touched C. hit D. joined44. A. one B. an C. another D. other45. A. sadly B. happily C. up D. again46. A. happy B. surprised C. poor D. sad47. A. sharing B. spending C. killing D. sparing48. A. really B. mostly C. secretly D. publicly49. A. pleasing B. hurting C. leaving D. punishing50. A. Lived B. did C. Was D. doesⅣ. Translation (20%)Section A: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.51. I would go for that job if I were you.52.It’s widely known that emotions can empower people or drive them upa wall.53. Any worthy dream is a dream worthy of accomplishing.54. These real-life problems need to be considered carefully.55.Therefore, more effective measures and more powerful actions need to be taken against all sorts of crimes so that our world may be a be tter place to live in.Section B: Translate the following sentences into English.56. 我们决定在花园喝茶，而不在屋里喝。
自考本英语二试题及答案
自考本英语二试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The meeting will be held ________.A) on the morning of June 5thB) in the morning of June 5thC) at the morning of June 5thD) at June 5th morning答案：A2. ________ the heavy rain, we had to cancel the sports meeting.A) Because ofB) Owing toC) Due toD) As a result of答案：A3. The teacher asked us ________.A) how much the book costB) how much did the book costC) what the book costD) what did the book cost答案：A4. ________ the problem, he turned to his teacher for help.A) Being unable to solveB) Unable to solveC) Not being able to solveD) Unable to solve答案：B5. ________ the book, he left the room.A) Having readB) ReadC) ReadingD) To read答案：A6. ________, he didn't pass the exam.A) Being hardworkingB) Hardworking as he isC) As he is hardworkingD) He is hardworking答案：B7. The news ________ he won the first prize is true.A) whatB) thatC) whichD) who答案：B8. ________ is known to us all is that the earth moves around the sun.A) ItB) WhatC) AsD) Which答案：B9. ________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A) ItB) WhatC) ThatD) Which答案：B10. ________, he told me that he would go abroad.A) If possibleB) As possibleC) Be possibleD) To be possible答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. ________ (尽管) he is young, he knows a lot.答案：Although2. ________ (如果) you don't work hard, you will fail in the exam.答案：If3. ________ (因为) he was late, he missed the train.答案：Because4. ________ (除非) it rains, we will go to the park.答案：Unless5. ________ (由于) the heavy rain, the match was put off.答案：Due to6. ________ (如果) you have any questions, please let me know. 答案：If7. ________ (尽管) he is tired, he keeps on working.答案：Though8. ________ (只要) you study hard, you will succeed.答案：As long as9. ________ (除非) you work hard, you will not pass the exam. 答案：Unless10. ________ (由于) his carelessness, he made a mistake.答案：Because of三、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及答案
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirection:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very___1___,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,___2___,a younger one.___3___,there’s another sort of parent that’s easier to___4___:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,___5___every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy___6___.Sometimes,parents get exhausted and are unable to maintain a___7___style with their kids.I understand this.You’re only human,and sometimes your kids can___8___you just a little too far.And then the___9___happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was too___10___and does nobody any good.You wish that you could___11___the clock and start over.We’ve all been there.___12___,even though it’s common,it’s vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may___13___for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also___14___your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your___15___with your kids,then you are modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the___16___of modeling patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact,the ability to maintain emotional control when___17___by stress is one of the most significant of all life’s skills.Certainly,it’s___18___to maintain patience at all times with your kids.A more practical goal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with___19___situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and___20___from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.[A]pleasant[B]tedious[C]tricky[D]instructive2.[A]for example[B]in addition[C]at once[D]by accident3.[A]Eventually[B]Occasionally[C]Accordingly[D]Fortunately4.[A]amuse[B]describe[C]assist[D]train5.[A]once[B]because[C]unless[D]while6.[A]task[B]answer[C]choice[D]access7.[A]formal[B]tolerant[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]push[C]drag[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]inevitable[D]suspicious10.[A]boring[B]harsh[C]naive[D]vague11.[A]take apart[B]turn back[C]set aside[D]cover up12.[A]Overall[B]Instead[C]Otherwise[D]However13.[A]believe[B]miss[C]regret[D]like14.[A]affect[B]raise[C]justify[D]reflect15.[A]bond[B]time[C]cool[D]race16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]context[D]importance17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confronted[D]confused18.[A]hard[B]terrible[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]exciting[B]changing[C]surprising[D]trying20.[A]emerge[B]hide[C]withdraw[D]escapeSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Laleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for four days.The robot rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52per cent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.“Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity—where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them.”says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can_____.[A]pick up social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warning messages to their fellows22.What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot.[B]It moved around alone.[C]It set the trapped rats free.[D]It played with some toys.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they_____.[A]tried to practise a means of escape[B]considered that an interesting game[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]expected it to do the same in return.24.Janet Wiles notes that rats______.[A]can remember other rats’facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels[D]respond more to actions than to looks25.It can be learned from the text that rats_____.[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B]are more sensitive to social cues than expected[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more socially active than other animalsText2It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about$18.9million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of America's highest-earning1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It's not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today's CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simply being able to"run the company.”CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.Plus,virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies,often with their own research and development.And beyond this,major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well.By most measures,corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insider picks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to,say,stock prices,a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A]Close cooperation among leading economies.[B]Increased business opportunities for top firms.[C]The general pay rise with a better economy.[D]The growth in the number of corporations.pared with their predecessors,today's CEOs are required to.[A]establish closer ties with tech companies[B]finance more research and development[C]operate more globalized companies[D]foster a stronger sense of teamwork28.CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite.[A]continual internal opposition[B]conservative business strategies[C]strict corporate governance[D]repeated government warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps.[A]increase corporate value[B]confirm the status of CEOs[C]boost the efficiency of CEOs[D]motivate inside candidates30.The most suitable title for this text would be.[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B]CEO Pay:Past and Present[C]CEO Traits:Not Easy to Define[D]CEOs'Challenges of TodayText3Madrid was hailed as a public health guiding light last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible termination.Mayor JoséLuis Martínez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines,ordering them restored.But with legal battles ahead,the zone’s future looks uncertain at best.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork, city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe,Britain very much included.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically controversial,and therefore vulnerable.That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles —rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution. It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year’s mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in2021as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It’s not that measures such as London’s Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents’health in the face of a serious threat.The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,“school streets”,even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?A.Its effects are questionable.B.It has been opposed by a judge.C.It needs tougher enforcement.D.Its fate is yet to be decided.32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?A.They put the burden on individual motorists.B.They prove impractical for city councils.C.They are deemed too mild by politicians.D.They are biased against car manufacturers.33.The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will.A.ensure Khan’s electoral successB.arouse strong resistanceC.improve the city’s trafficD.discourage car manufacturing34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?A.Local residentsB.National governments.C.Councillors.D.Mayors.35.It can be learned from the last paragraph that auto companies.A.will raise low-emission car productionB.will upgrade the design of their vehiclesC.should be forced to follow regulationsD.should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after1995,give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about17percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If“entitled”is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to millennials(those born between1981and1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.According to the career counselors and experts who study them,Generation Zs are clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50years,Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They aren't interested in taking any chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt.College loan balances in the U.S.now stand at a record$1.5trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that88percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.In a2019survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance was number one),followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.That's a big change from the previous generation.“Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives,”notes Tanya Michelsen,Associate Director of YouthSight,a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular60-day surveys of British youth,in findings that might just as well apply to American youth.“Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability,because of the rise of the gig economy.They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse.”36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring.[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are optimistic about the labor market[C]are drawing growing public attention[D]are in favor of office job offers37.Generation Zs are keenly aware.[A]what their parents expect of them[B]how valuable a counselor's advice is[C]how they differ from past generations[D]what a tough economic situation is like38.The word"assuage"(Para.2)is closet in meaning to.[A]relieve[B]define[C]maintain[D]deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph3that Generation Zs.[A]give top priority to professional training[B]care little about their job performance[C]have a clear idea about their future jobs[D]think it hard to achieve work-life balance40.Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials,Generation Zs are.[A]more diligent[B]more generous[C]less realistic[D]less adventurousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Put yourselves in others’shoes.[B]Tailor your interactions.[C]Spend time with everyone.[D]Reveal,don’t hide,information.[E]Slow down and listen.[F]Put on a good face,always.[G]Give compliments,just not too many.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office?Think about how tough it is to get together15 people,much less50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers. You work with them every day,and you depend on them just as they depend on you.Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace,you may try to stay tight-lipped around them.But you won’t be helping either one of you.A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly,while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them,you should just be honest.42.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it’s a concern about a project,a stray thought,or a compliment.Those are all valid,but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers,too.In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine,back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.It’s common to have a“cubicle mate”or special confidant in a work setting.But in addition to those trusted coworkers,you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around e your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job.It requires minimal effort and goes a long way.This will help to grow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don’t have to be someone’s boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This will help engender good will in others.But don’t overdo it or be fake about it.One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive,possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off,but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others.Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while others are more straightforward.Jokes that work on one person won’t necessarily land with another.So,adapt your style accordingly to type.Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world.”Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something,we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn.These lessons are very important;they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again.Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write them an email to1)tell them about the site,and2)give them some tips for the tour.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)某高校学生手机阅读目的调查参考答案Section I Use of English1.C2.A3.D4.B5.D6.A7.B8.B9.C10.B11.B12.D13.C14.A15.C16.D17.C18.A19.D20.ASectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText121.A22.B23.D24.D25.BText226.B27.C28.C29.A30.AText331.D32.A33.B34.B35.CText436.C37.D38.A39.C40.DPart B41.D42.E43.C44.G45.BSection III Translation【译文】人的一生几乎不可能不经受某些失败。
全国自学考试英语二考试试题及答案解析 (2)
英语(二) 试卷(课程代码00l5)PART ONE (50 POINTS)I．V ocabulary and structure (10 points，l point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1．Under no circumstances＿＿＿betray our friends for personal benefit．A．did we B．we should C．should we D．we could2．It is said that no city＿＿＿New York attracts so many people of differentcultures．A．other than B．better thanC．more than D．rather than3．With such a poor score in the entrance exam，it’s＿＿＿impossible for him t0 be admitted to this university．A．roughly B．absolutelyC．fully D．exclusively4． A formal dress is＿＿＿to a casual one for such an occasion．A．suitable B．favorableC．fashionable D．preferable5．The book is reserved to＿＿＿comes first．A．whoever B．whomever C．whom D．who6．They all voted for him in the election，＿＿＿was t0 be expected．A．what B．so C．as D．that7．How is it——your answer on the paper is almost the same as his?A．what B．if C．that D．so8．On hearing the news, he felt a wave of anger＿＿＿within him．A．arising B．rising C．arousing D．raising9．I often dream of Paris but I’ve never been there．It’s me place＿＿＿．A．where I ’d like to visit B．that 1 want to visit it mostC．in which I ’d like to visit D．I most want to visit10．Practicing improperly，you are likely to＿＿＿some bad habits．A．pick up B．keep up C．draw up D．catch upII．Cloze Test(10 points，l point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
2004年10月全国高教自考“英语(二)”试题(含答案英语二
2004年10月全国高教自考“英语（二）”试题（含答案英语二第一部分选择题（共50分）I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 point, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑．1. It offers us a fuller sense of being intensely alive from to moment.A. timeB. momentC. periodD. instant2. It may be worth remembering that John Major didn’t himself go to Oxford, most of his ministers did.A. afterB. sinceC. whileD. if3. The effects of rapid travel the body are far more disturbing than we realize.A. onB. inC. forD. to4. Her powers of persuasion were no avail.A. forB. byC. withD. to5. There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go through the of all shaking hands with you.A. processB. prospectC. precedentD. presence6. It is the right to change employers which employment from slavery.A. distinguishesB. derivesC. releasesD. relieves7. It is touching to see how a cat or dog itself to a family and wants to share in all its goings and comings.A. sacrificesB. opposesC. exposesD. attaches8. A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties .A. riseB. raiseC. ariseD. arouse9. The challenge is not one of expansion , the rapid growth in enrollment over the last 40 years has cometo an end.A. As a resultB. By all meansC. In contrastD. On the contrary10. Management often works hard to set up a situation work is done in series.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whatII. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空格，每个空格有四个选项．根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑．Maybe y ou know that the letter “V” stands for Victory in western countries. But do you know the 11 of the sign?During World War II, Europe was occupied by the Germans. A lot of people 12 to Britain. Among them was one Belgian (比利时人) 13 Victor Dalveli. He loved his country very much. And every day, he used shortwave radio to broadcast to the Belgian people, calling 14 them to resist the German occupies. On the last day of 1940, he asked his countrymen to write the 15 “V” wherever they could to show their determination to win the final victory. In a few days, it appeared everywhere.16 , it spread to the other occupied countries in Europe. Because it was simple and 17 it soon became very popular. When friends met, they stretched out 18 middle and index fingers to greet each other.At that time, in certain restaurants, knives and forks were placed in such a way 19 form a “V”. And in some clock shops clocks were purposely stopped 20 11:05 to show the sign of “V”.11. A. meaning B. shape C. history D. definition12. A. had escaped B. escaped C. have escaped D. escape13. A. naming B. being named C. named D. to name14. A. up B. out C. on D. off15. A. letter B. alphabet C. expression D. word16. A. Latter B. Later C. Late D. Lately17. A. meaningful B. energetic C. magnificent D. interesting18. A. his B. their C. one’s D. everybody’s19. A. in order to B. so as to C. so to D. as to20. A. on B. in C. by D. atIII. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑．Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.In reading the world’s great literature on human excellence and personal success, I’ve found that to launch ourselves into a life of true success we need to satisfy one basic condition: pursue our vision with stubborn (顽强的) consistency. The biggest difference between people who succeed and those who don’t is not usually talent but persistence.On my way to work one morning, I met Rudy Ruettiger, who is now a motivational speaker. He has grown up in Joliet, listening to stories about Notre Dame and dreaming of one day playing football there. Friends told him he wasn’t a good enough student to be admitted. So he gave up his dream and went to wor k in a power plant.Then a friend was killed in an accident at work. Shocked, Rudy suddenly realized that life is too short not to pursue your dreams.In 1972, at the age of 23, he enrolled at Holy Cross Junior College in South Bend, Ind. He got goodenough grades to transfer to Notre Dame, where he finally made the football team as a member of the “scout team”, the players who help the team prepare for games.Rudy was living his dream, almost. But he wasn’t allowed to suit up for the games themselves. T he next year, after Rudy requested it, the coach told Rudy he could put on his uniform for the season’s final game. And there he sat, on the Notre Dame bench during the game. A student started shouting, “We want Rudy!” Soon others joined in. Finally, at th e age of 27, with 27 seconds left to play, Rudy Ruettiger was sent onto the field-and made the final tackle (阻截). So his team won the game.When I met Rudy 17 year later, it was in the parking lot outside Notre Dame stadium (体育场), where a camera crew was filming scenes for Rudy, a motion picture about his life. His story illustrates that there is no limit to where your dreams can take you.21. The writer believes that the key to achieving success is .A. developing one’s talentB. seizing opportunitiesC. having wide visionD. sticking to one’s goal22. According to the passage, Rudy once gave up his dream of playing football for Notre Dame because .A. his friend was killed thereB. his foot was injured in an accidentC. he lacked confidence in himselfD. he failed in the entrance examination23. Rudy quit his job in the power plant because .A. his friend encouraged him toB. his outlook on life changedC. he was disappointed in his futureD. he was shocked by his friend’s death24. Rudy was transferred to Notre Dame .A. as a good studentB. as a good playerC. with the help of a coachD. with the help of a friend25. A camera crew was making a movie about Rudy’s life because .A. Rudy was the oldest player at Notre DameB. Rudy succeeded in realizing his dreamC. Rudy was the best speaker at Notre DameD. Rudy succeeded in developing his abilityPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.NASA, the U.S. space agency, believes there’s a good chance that we’re not alone in the universe. Last fall, NASA began a new project called the High Resolution Microwave Survey (HRMS). Its aim: to find evidence of life in one of the billions of galaxies in the universe.The search for intelligent life on other planets i sn’t new. It began almost 100 years ago. That’s when scientists built a huge transmitter to send radio waves into space. Scientists thought smart beings on other planets might pick up the signals.Scientists also have sent a message about humans and our solar system to a nearby constellation (星座). But because the constellation is 25,000 light years away, a return message wouldn’t reach Earth for 50,000 years! So don’t wait up for an answer.So far, no extraterrestrial (地球外的) beings that we know of have re turned our “calls.” But according to Dr. Jill Tarter, an HRMS scientist, we haven’t exactly had our ears wide open. “Now, however,” says Dr. Tarter, “we’ve built the tools we need to listen well.”Last October, Dr. Tarter switched on the largest radio rec eiver in the world. It’s an enormous metal bowl stretching 1,000 feet across a valley in Puerto Rico.Meanwhile, another NASA scientist turned on a huge radio receiver in California’s Mojave Desert. NASA hopes these big dishes-and others around the world-will pick up radio signals from new world.Dr. Frank Drake has been searching for life in outer space for years. He explains the HRMS project this way: To listen to your radio, you move the tuner on the dial until the channels come in loud and clear: Now imagine radio receivers that scan our galaxy “listening” to 14 million channels every second. That’s what NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are doing.But that’s not all. Powerful computers hooked to the receivers examine every signal c arefully. The computers try to match the signals to ones that scientists already recognize, such as human-made signals. If they can’t, Drake and Tarter check on them. “It could prove there is radio technology elsewhere in the universe,” says Dr. Tarter. “And that would mean we’re not alone.” 26、NASA scientists started a new project in order to _______.A、discover life in other galaxiesB、send human beings into spaceC、find evidence of a new galaxyD、confirm the number of galaxies27、According to Dr.Jill Tarter ,the reason why we haven’t received any return any return messages from outer space is that_______.A、our ears are not sharp enough to hear themB、our equipment hasn’t been good enoughC、it takes millions of yuars for them to reach usD、it takes quite a long time to send them28、Dr.Jill Tarter compares the large receiver to _______.A、the human earB、the universeC、a metal bowlD、a huge dish29、According to Dr.Frank Drake ,NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California a re _______.A、trying to check on every channel carefullyB、moving the tuner on the dial for clear channelsC、scanning the universe for possible signalsD、picking up radio signals from new world30、The best title of this passage is ________.A、Signals from the SpaceB、The Invention of New Radio ReceiversC、The Intelligent Life in Outer SpaceD、NASA Listens for Space NeighborsPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Even a careful motorist(开汽车的人) may commit a motoring offence (违法).In this case, he will appear in a police court .This is a court ruled by a judge without a jury (陪审团).A judge has powers to pass sentence for relatively minor offences only ;serious charges are dealt with by a judge and a jury.In certain cases, a motoring offender may choose to go before a judge and a jury ,instead of appearing before just a judge .A court is also used for the conduct of preliminary investigations to dedermine whether or not a motoring offender shall appear for trial in a higher court.When his case comes up in court ,the motorist hears his name called by the clerk of the court, and comes forward to identify himself.The judge then calls for the policeman who charged the offender and asks him to give evidence.He is expected to ive an account of what happened when the offence was committed and to mention any special circumstances.For example the offence may have been partly due to the foolishness of another motorist.It would be unwise for the motoring offender to exaggerate this.It will not help his case to try to blame someone else for his own mistake.If you are guilty ,it is of course wise to admit it and say you’re sorry for committing the offence and taking up the court’s time .Judges are not heartless and a mo torist may be lucky enough to hear one say：“You’ve got good reasons ,but you have broken the law and I’ll have to impose a fine .Pay five pounds.Next case.”Some short-tempered people forget that both policemen and judges have a public duty to perform,and aren rude to them. This does not pay! A judge will not let off an offender merely because he is respectful,but a polite law-breaker may certainly hope that the judge will extend him what tolerance the law permits.31、Even a careful motorist may be asked to go to a police court for______.A、an injuryB、a motoring offenceC、refusing to pay a fineD、being rude to the policeman32、The underlined word “one ”(paragraph 5) refers to _____.A、a jury memberB、a police officerC、a motoristD、a judge33、A motoring offender is usually charged by ______.A、a judgeB、a juryC、a policemanD 、another motorist34、It is foolish for a motoring offender to _______.A 、overstate another motorist’s mistakeB 、mention someone else’s foolishnessC 、argue that he is not guiltyD 、choose to go before a jury35、If a man knows that he is guilty, he should ______.A、be polite to the policeman and the judgeB、try his best to appear before just a judgeC 、save the court’s time and pay the fineD 、admit the wrong and say sorry to the court第二部分非选择题（共50分）Ⅳ.Word Spelling(10 points,1point for two items)36. 乐意地，容易地ad. r_______37.日常工作，常规n. r______38.多数，大半n. m_______39. 永恒的，不断的a. c______40. 偏袒的，部分的a. p_______41. 漆工，画家n. p______42. 跳跃，飞跃v. l______43.易管理的a. m_______44.缩短，减少vi. S______45. 软毛，毛皮n. f_______46.意图，打算n. I_______47. 情形，身份n. s________48. 软管，地铁n. t________49. 口头的，口的a. o_______50. 牺牲品，受害者n. v_______51.鉴赏，感谢vt. a_______52.目标，球门n. g______53.装置，方法n. d_______54.分配，委派vt. a______55.娱乐，消遣n. a______Ⅴ.Word Form56. Should doctors be allowed_________(take) the lives of others?57. Two of _________(big) earthquakes that were ever recorded tood place in China and Alaska.58. Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic in volume ,the music ______(become) as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand.59. Every decision has constraints _______(base ) on policies, procedures ,laws, precedents ,and the like.60. The more seriously this is sought ,________(likely ) positive attitudes towards leisure as well academic work will be encouraged.61. Attempts to break up this old system _______(make ) in every presidential election in the past one hundred years.62.These mine planets ,together with the sun ,make up what _______(call) our solar system.63. Nations are classified as “aged ” when they have 7% or more of their people aged 65 or above ,andby about 1970 every one of the advanced countries______(become) like this.64. -----------（watch）over by guards with guns, the convicts raised their legs in unison and made their way to the edge of the highway.65.Either of these factors could account for some individuals ------------(be) able to do well using inefficient methods.Ⅵ将下列各句译成英语66.我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据。
2023 年4月自考英语二试题
2023年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试题（课程代码00015）本试卷共8页。
满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。
3.第三、七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。
第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Why Dogs Bury Their Favorite BonesYou may find it crazy that your dog buries his favorite bone or chew toy, only to dig it up a day or two later, but there is actually a reason behind it-it is simply in their nature. For thousands of years, dogs have buried their bones. The practice itself started long before dogs were even pets when they had to bury bones to survive.When dogs lived in the wild, sometimes food was scarce. If they were able to find food dogs became very protective of it. Sometimes they would have more bones than they could eat for one meal. To keep other dogs and animals from stealing their bones, dogs would bury them in the ground. When it was time for the next meal, they would dig up their bones and enjoy them again. This would continue until the bones were gone.Even though most dogs have plenty of food to eat today, their instincts still tell them to bury their bones and favorite toys. They do this to keep other dogs and animals from stealing them, just like their ancestors did. Some dogs keep at least two bones buried at once. When they want to dig up one, they will by one more. This may leave a backyard full of holes and bones.How do dogs decide where to buy their bones? A dog cannot buy a bone just anywhere. He must first find the perfect spot. This involves using his nose to find a spot that is free from other dogs and animals. Often it is near a tree or a large rock, but it could be anywhere in the yard. Once the dog finds the perfect spot, he uses his front paws to dig a hole drops the bone in and covers up the hole to protect his treasure.1. Dogs bury their favorite bones or chew toys by nature.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. Dogs started to bury their bones when they became pets.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. Dogs in the wild occasionally had enough food.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. Dogs would bury their extra food for their babies.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. Animals would start a fierce fight over food in ancient times.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. Some dogs tend to store up more than one bone at the same timeA. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. The backyard of a dog owner may be full of holes dug by his dog.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8. Dogs often bury their bones far away from trees.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Dogs use their paws to find spots for buying bones.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10. Dogs bury more bones than chew toys.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
自考英语二试题及答案 (2)
202X年10月试题一、阅读推断Black FridayEveryone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday, most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节). On this day most retail stores open their doors very early. Some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday.Black Friday is not as old as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season. In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday. It was so named because the stores were “in the black〞. This financial term means the stores made a lot of money. However, it was not until around 202X that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores.Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don’t want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices.1.Many people know the history of Black Friday.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given答案：B解析：原文第—段“While people have heard of Black Friday, most do not know its origins.“意为当人们听到黑色星期五时，很多人不了解它的起源。
大学英语二试题及答案
大学英语二试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The book is very interesting. I have read it several times.A) interestingB) interestedC) interestD) interest in答案：A2. He is a man of great _______.A) influenceB) effectC) affectionD) impression答案：A3. The weather turned _______ after the heavy rain.A) coldB) coolC) warmD) hot答案：B4. The teacher asked the students to _______ the text.A) look upB) look overC) look throughD) look into答案：C5. She is _______ to go to the concert.A) excitingB) excitedC) excitementD) excitingly答案：B6. The company has _______ a new product.A) launchedB) releasedC) publishedD) issued答案：A7. He is _______ to the idea of traveling abroad.A) openB) closeC) shutD) narrow答案：A8. The news _______ the whole country.A) spread acrossB) spread overC) spread outD) spread through答案：A9. She was _______ at the sight of the snake.A) terrifiedB) horrifiedC) frightenedD) scared答案：A10. The teacher told us that the earth _______ around the sun.A) turnsB) rotatesC) revolvesD) spins答案：C二、完形填空题（每题1分，共10分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从11-20各题所给的四个选项中，选择最佳选项填空。
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A.deepB.profoundC.deeplyD.steep
25._____manydifficulties,theystillwentonwiththeirexperiment.
A.FaceB.FacedC.FacingwithD.Facedwith
Passage1
Culturaldifferencesinbusinessentertainingincludeissuessuchaswhooneentertainsandwhereandhowoneentertains.Incountriesinwhichstatusisimportant,itisnotadvisabletoinvitepeopleofdifferentstatusestothesamedinnerparty.Americanswillofteninvitepeopletotheirhomes.Whereasinsomesocietiesthehomeisconsideredtooprivate,unworthyorsmalltoserveasanappropriateplaceforbusinessentertaining.Insomecountriesthereisa“helpyourself”approachtoentertainingdoneinthehome.Thisapproachdoesnotworkwellwhenentertainingpeoplewhosecultureteachesthemtowaittobeaskedthreetimesbeforeacceptinganofferoffood.Inoneinstance,aChineseguestwentanentireeveningwithouteatingthoughhewasquitehungrybecausehewastooembarrassedtotakefoodafteronlybeingaskedtodosoonce.
A.whenB.thatC.inwhichD.which
10._____oontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
11.Thereareaboutfifteenhundredlanguagesintheworld.Butonly____ofthemareveryimportant.
3.JacksaidhellotoJohn’sparentsandthankedthemtheirkindness.
A.fromB.withC.forD.by
4.WiththeSpringFestival_____,thestoresarecrowdedwithpeople.
A.atthecornerB.roundthecornerC.inthecornerD.onthecorner
III.ReadingComprehension
SectionA:Thepassageisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Decideonthechoicethatbestanswersthequestion.
ThesecondreasoncarsarepopularisthefactthattheUnitedStatesneverdeveloped41andinexpensiveformofpublictransportation.Long-distancetrainshaveneverbeen42commonintheUnitedStatesastheyareinotherpartsoftheworld.Nowadaysthereisagoodsystemofair-serviceprovidedbyplanes.Butitis43expensivetobeusedfrequently.
A.rentB.employC.hireD.take
20.Wealwaysaimtogiveourattentiontoourclients.
A.personalB.singleC.onlyD.once
21.Wesearchedforthemissingpapersandfinallytheminadrawer.
Therearethreemainreasonsthecarbecameso38intheUnitedStates.FirstofallthecountryisahugeoneandAmericansliketomove39init.Thecarprovidesthemostcomfortableandcheapestformoftransportation.40acarpeoplecangoanyplacewithoutspendingalotofmoney.
41.A.aninterestedB.anaffectedC.anefficientD.asatisfied
42.A.quiteB.veryC.tooD.as
43.A.veryB.soC.tooD.as
44.A.forB.onC.besideD.about
45.A.theirownB.theirsownC.theirD.theirs
A.unlessB.uptoC.ontoD.until
8.Whengivingtheorders,thecaptainstressonemergencyofthework.
id
9.Itwasin2001_____myelderbrotherwenttocollege.
A.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little
12.Idon’tagreeto____hesaid.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how
13.Doyouthinkthetallhat____thelittleman?
A.doessomegoodforB.didanygoodfor
C.doessomegoodtoD.didanygoodto
14.Itwas______latetosavethedrowningboyashehadgonedownforthethirdtime.
A.soB.tooC.suchD.much
15.Hewaswhenheheardthebadnews.
5.Howisyourworkgetting?
A.upB.withC.downD.along
6.WouldyoumindtakingofmyhomeformewhileI’maway?
A.advantageB.chargeC.careD.hole
7.Televisiondidnotbecomeverycommontheearly1960s.
A.soughtB.discoveredC.lookedatD.lookedfor
22.Nowadaysmysteryshoppersarearmedwithanumberofhigh-techdevices…forrecordingtheentireexperience.
A.alloftheeventsoccurringB.thingsseenandlivedthrough
A.outwithB.outofC.withD.without
18.You’llhavetoworkhardertowiththetopstudentsinyourclass.
A.catchupB.holdupC.goupD.getup
paniesoftenmysteryshopperstoinspecttheirservice.
36.A.roleB.partC.effectD.basis
37.A.everB.stillC.evenD.quite
38.A.qualifiedB.increasingC.developingD.popular
39.A.aroundB.onC.alongD.forth
40.A.ThroughB.SinceC.WithD.As
Thethirdreasonisthemostimportantone,though.TheAmericanspiritofindependenceiswhatreallymadecarspopular.Americansdon’tliketowait44abus,oratrainorevenaplane.Theydon’tliketohavetofollowanexactschedule.Acargivesthemthefreedomtoschedule45time.AndthisisthefreedomthatAmericanswantmosttohave.
CollegeEnglishTestforNon-EnglishMajorsofAdultEducation
（英语二）
I.VocabularyandStructure
Thereare35questionsinthispart.Foreachquestionthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheOnethatbestanswersthequestion.
II.Cloze(10分)
Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage(s).ForeachblanktherearefivechoicesmarkedA,B,C,DandE.ChoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage(s).
Carsareanimportant36oflifeintheUnitedStates.Withoutacarmostpeoplefeelthattheyarepoor.And37ifapersonispoorhedoesn’tfeelreallypoorwhenhehasacar.