英美文学整理复习
英美文学复习要点.docx
选择10X2分填空10X3分名词解释5X4分简答5X4分论述1X10分选择&填空各章重要知识点：包扌臣各历史时期的文学流派特点标志，重要的代表作家及主要作品，作品的主要情节和主要人物。
名词解释&简答BeowulfepicalliterationballadRomanceHeroic CoupletsBlank VerseChaucer and The Canterbuiy Tales WilliamShakespeare&his great works SonnetMetaphysical PoetsThe RenaissanceEnlightenment RomanticismCritical RealismImagismModernismThe Stream of Consciousness 诗歌格律韵式辨析John Milton and Paradise LostJohn Bunyan and The Pilgrim? sProgress HumanismEnlightenmentNeoclassicismSentimantalism浪漫主义的重要诗人和代表作Byronic HeroesDramatic MonologueCritical RealismOedipus Complex 论述ChaucerShakespeareJohn MiltonHenry FieldingCharles DickensJane AustenThomas HardyRenaissance特点：1. There was a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and an expression of the general dissatisfaction at the Catholic and feudal ideas.2eHumanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.Representative Figures1） Thomas More Utopia2） Thomas Wyatt He was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.3） John Lyly the novel Eupheus gave rise to the term "euphuisrrT（绮丽体）euphuism refers to an affectedly elegant literary style of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, characterized by elaborate alliteration, antitheses（对照）,and similes（明喻）•4） Christopher Marlowe Timur （《巾占木丿L》）he is known for his magnificent blank verse,《帖木儿》是一部英雄剧，塑造了一个叱咤风云却又野心勃勃的征服者形象，充分体现了文艺复兴时期的巨人精神。
英美文学选读复习资料
英美文学选读复习资料英美文学选读复习资料一、英国文学1、文艺复兴时期：莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》等，以及弥尔顿的《失乐园》。
2、17世纪：约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌，以及约翰·班扬的《天路历程》。
3、18世纪：启蒙时期，亨利·菲尔丁和理查逊的小说，以及亚历山大·蒲柏的讽刺诗歌。
4、19世纪：浪漫主义时期，包括拜伦、雪莱、济慈等人的诗歌，以及简·奥斯汀、爱米莉·勃朗特等的小说。
5、维多利亚时期：查尔斯·狄更斯、乔治·艾略特、托马斯·哈代等作家的小说，以及马修·阿诺德、约翰·罗斯金等人的诗歌。
二、美国文学1、浪漫主义时期：包括华盛顿·欧文的《睡谷传说》、爱伦·坡的短篇小说、以及纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》。
2、现实主义时期：包括马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》、亨利·詹姆斯的小说、以及艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌。
3、20世纪：包括F.斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》、欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》、杰克·凯鲁亚克的《在路上》等文学作品。
三、文学术语和概念1、象征主义：通过象征性的符号或形象来表达某种思想或情感。
2、叙事视角：从特定的角度来描述故事，常见的有第一人称、第二人称、第三人称等。
3、意象主义：通过形象和比喻来表达情感和思想。
4、文艺复兴：欧洲历史上的一次文化运动，强调人文主义和古希腊罗马文化。
5、玄学派：17世纪英国的一种文学流派，强调诗歌中的哲学思考和神秘主义。
6、悲剧：一种戏剧类型，通常表现英雄人物的悲惨命运。
7、喜剧：一种戏剧类型，通常表现幽默、讽刺等轻松愉快的主题。
8、自然主义：一种文学流派，强调对自然和社会现实的客观描写。
9、超验主义：一种哲学思想，强调个人经验和直觉，反对传统权威。
英美文学选读复习
英美文学选读复习英美文学选读复习1．莎士比亚的生平2．莎士比亚的戏剧创作生涯3．莎士比亚戏剧的代表作品及其故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义（1）威尼斯商人4．莎士比亚的诗歌（1）叙事诗（2）十四行诗 185．莎士比亚戏剧的思想意义（1）对社会现实的批判（2）对人文主义的颂歌6．莎士比亚的艺术成就（1）人物塑造（2）情节结构（3）语言风格7．选读十四行诗 18 的主题、意象《威尼斯商人》的主题、人物性格、语言特点《哈姆雷特》的主题、人物性格、语言特点B约翰?弥尔顿1．弥尔顿的生平2．弥尔顿的文学创作3．《利西达斯》：挽歌及其特点4．选读史诗《失乐园》故事梗概、主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格、作品意义C亚历山大?蒲伯1．蒲伯的生平及创作生涯2．蒲伯的时代观与文学观3．蒲伯的主要作品介绍4．蒲伯的语言风格5．选读《论批评》第二部分（1）作品简介（2）作品体裁、结构、语言风格D丹尼尔笛福1．笛福的生平：个人事业和社会活动2．笛福的社会观3．笛福的主要作品介绍4．笛福的创作特点5．选读：《鲁滨逊漂流记》4故事简介作者的创作意义：时代精神的.写照1．华兹华斯的生平及创作生涯2．华兹华斯的诗歌创作主张3．华兹华斯的诗歌（1）抒情诗：《丁灯寺旁》4．华兹华斯诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5．华兹华斯诗歌的艺术成就6．华兹华斯的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响7．选读：《我孤独地漂泊犹如一片浮云》《作于西敏寺桥上》《她居住在人迹罕至的地方》《孤独的割麦女》主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等F珀?比?雪莱1．雪莱的生平2．雪莱的诗歌创作主张3．雪莱的主要作品抒情诗：《西风颂》《云雀颂》诗剧：《解放了的普罗米修斯》4．雪莱诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5．雪莱的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响6．选读：《西风颂》：主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色G约翰?济慈1．济慈的生平及创作生涯2．济慈的美学思想3．济慈的主要诗作《夜莺颂》《希腊古瓮颂》《安底弥翁》《伊莎贝拉》4．济慈诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5．济慈的诗歌对同时代英国文学的影响6．选读：《希腊古瓮颂》主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等H简?奥斯汀1．奥斯汀的生平及创作生涯2．奥斯汀的小说创作思想3．奥斯汀的小说《理智与情感》《诺桑觉寺》《曼斯菲尔德公园》《傲慢与偏见》《爱玛》《劝告》4．奥斯汀小说的主要特点及社会意义5．奥斯汀的小说对后世英国文学的影响6．选读：《傲慢与偏见》1 主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、表现手法等I查尔斯?狄更斯1．狄更斯的生平及创作生涯2．狄更斯作品中的批判现实主义思想与社会改良主义倾向3．狄更斯前期作品的思想与艺术特征4．狄更斯后期作品的思想与艺术特征5．狄更斯的创作特色与艺术成就（1）语言（2）3种人物的刻画（3）幽默与哀婉情感的交融6．狄更斯小说目录7．选读《雾都孤儿》第3章故事简介主题：济贫院J夏洛特?布朗蒂1．夏洛特的生平2．夏洛特的创作思想和主题3．选读《简?爱》第23章故事梗概作品的批判现实主义思想作品的社会意义作品女主人公的形象在逆境中求自我道德完善的主题K托马斯?哈代1．哈代的生平与创作2．哈代的创作倾向：传统观念与现代思想的并存3．哈代作品中的“宿命观”4．哈代作品中的批判现实主义思想5．哈代作品的艺术特色6．选读《德伯家的苔丝》19 故事梗概作品主题L威廉?勃特勒?叶芝1．叶芝的生平及文学生涯2．叶芝的诗歌创作思想3．叶芝诗歌的代表作品（1）早期诗歌：（2）中期诗歌（3）晚期诗歌4．叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义5．叶芝诗歌的艺术成就6．叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响7．叶芝的戏剧创作8．选读：《茵纳斯弗利岛》《在阔叶柳花园旁边》M D．T．S．艾略特1．艾略特的生平几创作生涯2．艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观点3．艾略特的主要诗歌作品（1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》（2）《荒原》4．艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义5．艾略特的戏剧6．艾略特的艺术成就7．艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对当代英国的影响8．《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义9．选读《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 N戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯1．劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯2．劳伦斯的创作思想3．劳伦斯的主要小说（1）《儿子与情人》《虹》《恋爱中的女人》4．劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义5．劳伦斯的诗歌与戏剧6．劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响7．《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义8．选读《儿子与情人》人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等。
英美文学考试复习点重点整理
英美文学考试复习点重点整理1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P2922.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现)4.三姐妹指的是？5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P3036.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P1169.乌托邦is written in form of ?P3310.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P5011.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？12.最著名作家：乔叟P1913.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P514.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年1.John MiltonHe was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.2.RomanceRomance was the most prevailing kind of literature of theupper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.3.the EnlightenmentIt is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, socialcustom, and religious belief.4.NeoclassicismThe neoclassical movement began in the mid-18th century and brought about a revival of interest in the old classical work. The neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be in judged in terms of its service to humanity./doc/0d16361832.html,ke poetsAlso called Lake School, it is a name applied to a group of poets in the 19th century, including Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey. They had lived in the Lake District in the northwest of England and shared a community of literary and social outlook in their works.6.MetaphysicalAbout the beginning of the 17th century appeared a schoolof poets called “Metaphysical”, including Donne, Herbert, Marvell, Vaughan, and Crashaw. The work of the metaphysical poets are characterized their wit, imaginative picturing, compressions, often cryptic expression and by generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.7.Heroic coupletsA heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. The rhyme is always masculine. The use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Chaucer in The legend of Good Women and The Canterbury Tales.8.BalladsBallad was the most important department of English folk literature. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. They are anonymous narrative poems bearing the characteristics of folklore and designed for singing or oral recitation in various English and Scottish dialects. Ballad is mainly the literature of the common people and one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society through the ballads. The subjects of ballad are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal—minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class struggle. Usually a ballad deals with a single episode and the beginning is often abrupt, without any introduction to the characters and background information.回答问题1.撒旦为什么选择伊甸园作为复仇之地2.写一个关于傲慢与偏见的小结（作者、人物角色、情节、后果）和主题评价Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1813.翻译题1.P103①Throw open all doors; let the re be light ; let every man think and bring his thoughts to the light;dread not any diversities of opinion.②Truth is compared in Scripture to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow not in a perpetual progression, they sicken into a muddy pool of conformity.③Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the marking.2.P193It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewedinterest in medieval literature.。
(精品)英美文学复习资料(全)
文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧dramaOrigin起源：Christianity 基督教→ bible 圣经Myth 神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长，在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家，这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景，也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。
以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。
一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初，强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。
（一）英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一，其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。
代表作有《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）。
2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素，《古舟子咏》（The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）是其经典之作。
3、乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron）拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称，作品有《唐璜》（Don Juan）等。
4、珀西·比希·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神，《西风颂》（Ode to theWest Wind）广为流传。
（二）美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格，《瑞普·凡·温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）是其代表作。
2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀（James Fenimore Cooper）以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名，《皮袜子故事集》（The Leatherstocking Tales）是其重要作品。
二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起，注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。
（一）英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活，如《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist）、《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）。
英美文学选读考前总复习中英文版
一.What is the theme of Beowulf?这首诗主题介绍了如何原始人工资在聪明和强大的领导之下的自然世界的敌对势力的英勇斗争的生动写照。
这首诗是自然界神话与英雄传说混合在一起的一个例子。
Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.二.莎士比亚（1）四个悲剧。
（二）四大悲剧的共同之处？3请简要总结每个英雄人性的弱点。
1.莎士比亚的四个最大的悲剧是：哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王、麦克白。
2.每个描绘了一些高尚的英雄，谁面临着人类生活的不公，陷入了一个困难的局面和他们的命运与整个国家的命运息息相关。
3.每一位英雄有他的弱点的性质；老国王李尔不愿意完全放弃他的权力；麦克白的权欲挑起他的抱负和他会导致无休止的罪行1.Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth.2.Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.3. Each hero has his weakness of nature; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes三.试论莎士比亚的艺术的创作。
英美文学复习资料
英美文学复习资料英美文学I. 本期讲过的所有名家名作II．名词术语:Ode——in ancient literature, is an elaborate lyrical poem composed for a chorus to chant and to dance to; in modern use, it is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addressed to a person or celebrating an event.Alliteration——It is a form of initial rhyme, or head rhyme.It is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.e.g. He came on under the clouds, clearly saw at lastRage-inflamed, wreckage-bent, be ripped openKenning——a figurative language in order to add beauty to ordinary objects. It is a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula for a special object.e.g. Helmet bearer—— warriorSwan road——the seaThe world candle—— the sunRepetition &Variatione.g. Grendel / The spoiler / warlike creature /the foe / horrible monsterA host of young soldiers / a company ofKinsmen / a whole warrior-bandCaesura——every line consists of two clearly separated half lines between which is a pause, called caesura.e.g. Grendel stalking; God’s brand was on him.the gold-hall of men, the mead-drinking placenailed with gold plates. That was not the first visitBallad——is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later the Americas, Australia and North Africa. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century it took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and the term is now often used as synonymous with any love song, particularly the pop or rock power ballad.Epic——is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primary, or original, epics. One such epic is the Old English story Beowulf. Epics that attempt to imitate these like Milton’s Paradise Lost are known as literary, or secondary, epics.The six main characteristics:1. The hero is outstanding. He might be important, and historically or legendarily significant.2. The setting is large. It covers many nations, or the known world.3. The action is made of deeds of great valor or requiringsuperhuman courage.4. Supernatural forces—gods, angels, demons—insert themselves in the action.5. It is written in a very special style.6. The poet tries to remain objective.Sonnet (Italian Sonnet, Shakespearean Sonnet, Spenserian Sonnet, Miltonic Sonnet)①Italian sonnetcreated by Giacomo da Lentini, head of the Sicilian School.Petrarch (1304-1374) most famous early sonneteerIt falls into two main parts:an octave rhyming “abbaabba” (set up a problem ) + volta followed by a sestet rhyming “cdecde” or some variant, such as “cdccdc” (answer)②English / Shakespearean sonnetThe greatest practitioner: William Shakespearethree quatrains followed by a coupletoften presents a repetition-with-variation of a statement in each of the three quatrains ?The final couplet in the English sonnet usually imposes an epigrammatic turn at the end.——a fourteen-line poem of iambic pentameters. This form is made up of 3 quatrains and a couplet, rhyming：ababcdcdefefgg③Spenserian sonnetA variant on the English form is the Spenserian sonnet, named after Edmund Spenserthree quatrains connected by the interlocking rhyme scheme and followed by a couplet ?the rhyme scheme is abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee——has the rhyme scheme ababbcbccdcdee and no breakbetween the octave (an eight line stanza) and the sestet( a six line stanza). It is named after the Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser.④Miltonic SonnetConceit——in literature, a conceit is an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem. By juxtaposing, usurping and manipulating images and ideas in surprising ways, a conceit invites the reader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object of comparison. Extended conceits in English are part of the poetic idiom of Mannerism, during the later sixteenth and early seventeenth century. Simile—is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements ha ving at least one quality or characteristic in common.Simile is almost always introduced bythe following words:like,as,as…as,as it were,as if,as though,be something of,similar to, etc.Metaphor—is a figure of speech where comparison is implied.It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality.But unlike a simile,this comparison is implied,n ot expressed with the word"as"or"like".Symbol——In literary usage, a symbol is a specially evocative kind of image: that is, a word or phrase referring to a concrete object, scene, or action which also has some further significance associated with it.Types of SymbolsI. Universal or cultural symbols/traditional symbolsare those whose associations are the common property of asociety or culture and are so widely recognized and accepted that they can be said to be almost universal.e.g. water—lifeSerpent—the DevilLamb—Jesus ChristII. Contextual, Authorial, or Private symbolsare those whose associations are neither immediate nor traditional; instead, they derive their meaning, largely if not exclusively, from the context of the work in which they are used.e.g. the albatross in Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”Synecdoche——a figure of speech in which a part is substituted for a whole or a whole for a part e.g.My baby woke for a bottle.[提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.]Oxymoron——is a figure of speech that juxtaposes elements that appear to be contradictory.Oxymora appear in a variety of contexts, including inadvertent errors (such as "ground pilot") and literary oxymorons crafted to reveal a paradox. The most common form of oxymoron involves an adjective–noun combination of two words. For example, the following line from Tennyson's Idylls of the King contains two oxymora: And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.e.g. painful pleasure a thunderous silencePun——The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of word play that suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intendedhumorous or rhetorical effect. Puns are used to create humor and sometimes require a large vocabulary to understand. Puns have long been used by comedy writers, such as William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde, and George Carlin.Puns can be classified in various ways:①The homophonic pun, a common type, uses word pairs which sound alike (homophones) but are not synonymous.②A homographic pun exploits words which are spelled the same (homographs) but possess different meanings and sounds.③Homonymic puns, another common type, arise from the exploitation of words which are both homographs and homophones.④A compound pun is a statement that contains two or more puns.⑤A recursive pun is one in which the second aspect of a pun relies on the understanding of an element in the first.⑥Visual puns are used in many logos, emblems, insignia, and other graphic symbols, in which one or more of the pun aspects are replaced by a picture.Personification——a figure of speech which represents abstractions or inanimate objects with human qualities, including physical, emotional, and spiritual; the application of human attributes or abilities to nonhuman entities.ExaggerationDramatic monologue—— a kind of poem in which the speaker is imagined to be addressing a silent audienceIrony——in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device,literarytechnique, or event characterized by an incongruity, or contrast, between what the expectations of a situation are and what is really the case.——A subtly humorous perception of inconsistency, in which an apparently straightforward statement or event is undermined by its context so as to give it a very different significance.Allusion——is a figure of speech, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or circumstance from an external context. It is left to the reader or hearer to make the connection; where the connection is detailed in depth by the author, it is preferable to call it "a reference". Literary allusion is closely related to parody and pastiche, which are also "text-linking" literary devices. A type of literature has grown round explorations of the allusions in such works as Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock or T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. James JoyceRomanticism——Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature.Modernism——Modernism is a rather vague term which is used to apply to the works of a group of poets, novelists, painters, and musicians between 1910 and the early years after the World War II. The term includes various trends or schools, such as imagism, expressionism, dadaism, stream of consciousness, and existentialism. It means a departure from theconventional criteria or established values of the Victorian age.The basic themes of modernism:1. Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism. In the eyes of modernist writers, the modern world is a chaotic one and is incomprehensible.2. Although modern society is materially rich, it is spiritually barren. It is a land of spiritual and emotional sterility.3. Human beings are helpless before an incomprehensible world and no longer able to do things their forefathers once did.The characteristics of modernism：1. Complexity and obscurity: (juxtaposition, no limitation of space)2. The use of symbols: (symbol: a means to express their inexpressible selves)3. Allusion: (Allusion is an indirect reference to another work of literature, art, history, or religion.)4. Irony: (an expression of one’s meaning by using words that mean the direct opposite of what one really intends to convey.)Rhyme scheme——the pattern in which the rhymed line-endings are arranged in a poem or stanza. Head rhyme: As busy as a bee End rhymeCrossed rhymeWill ye bridle the deep sea with reins, will ye chasten the high sea with rods?Will ye take her to chain her with chains, who is older than all ye Gods?Internal rhyme:“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary" Iambic meter/ trochaicmeter/anapestic meterIamb is a metrical unit (foot) of verseabout [?'ba?t] =?+'ba?t[?'ba?t]an unstressed syllable(?) +a stressed syllable(?)=one iambic foot/meterAbout about about about about=iambic pentameter抑扬格(iambic):如果一个音步中有两个音节，前者为轻，后者为重，则这种音步叫抑扬格音步，其专业术语是（iamb, iambic.）。
英美文学期末复习资料+所有作家作品流派总结
一、文学术语*41.Epic叙事诗，史诗A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.Twoof the most famous epics of Western civilization are Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.The great epic of the Middle Ages is The Divine Comedy（神曲）by the Italian poet Dante.The two most famous English epics are the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and John Milton's Paradise Lost,which employ some of the conventions of the classical epic.2.Naturalism自然主义（文学、艺术以反映现实为宗旨）Naturalism is a term of literary history,primarily a French movement in prose fiction and the drama during the final third of the19th century,although it is also applied to similar movements or groups of writers in other countries in the later decades of the19th and early years of the20th cents.In France Emile Zola(1840-1902)was the dominant practitioner(习艺者，专业人员) of Naturalism in prose fiction and the chief exponent（鼓吹者，倡导者，拥护者；能手，大师）of its doctrines.The emergence of Naturalism does not mark a radical（彻底的）break with Realism,rather the new style is a logical extension of it.Broadly speaking,Naturalism is characterized by a refusal to idealize experience and by the persuasion that human life is strictly subjected to natural laws.The Naturalists shared with the earlier Realists the conviction that the everyday life of the middle and lower classes of their own day provided subjects worthy of serious literary treatment.Emphasis was laid on the influence of the material and economic environment on behavior,and on the determining effects of physical and hereditary factors in forming the individual temperament.Famous American Naturalistic writers would include Jack London,Stephen Crane and Frank Norris,who were deeply influenced by Charles Darwin's evolution theory which believe that one's heredity and social situation limit one's character.3.Modernism现代派（盛行于20世纪的文学风格）Modernism was a complex and diverse international movement in all the creative arts,originating about the end of the19th century and prosperity in the20th century.The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted,alienated and ill relationships between man and nature,man and society,man and man,and man and himself.The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public,more on the subjective than on the objective.They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual.In their writings,the past,the present and the future are mingled（混合）together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.4.Transcendentalism超验主义It was a reaction to the18th century Newtonian concept of the universe.The major features of New England Transcendentalism can be summarized as follows:1.The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit,or the Oversoul,as the most important thing in the universe.2.The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual.To them the individual was the most important element of society.3.The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.Nature was,to them,not purely matter.It was alive,filled with God's overwhelming presence.I.Major Literary Terms in The Anglo-Norman Period1.Romance:Any imaginative literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters.Originally,the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures of kings and queens,knights and ladies,and including unlikely or supernatural happenings.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best of the medieval romances.John Keats's The Eve of St.Agnes is one of the greatest metrical（格律）romances ever written.2.Ballad（民谣，叙事歌谣）:A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung.In many centuries,the folk ballad was one of the earliest forms of literature.Folk ballads have no known authors.They were transmitted orally from generation to generation and were not set down in writing until centuries after they were first sung.The subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everyday life of the common people.The most popular subjects,often tragic,are disappointed love,jealousy,revenge,sudden disaster and deeds of adventure and daring.Devices commonly used in ballads are the the refrain（叠词）,incremental repetition（叠句）and code language（特定语言）.A later form of ballad is the literary ballad which imitates the style of the folk ballad.The most famous English literary ballad is Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner（老水手之歌）.二、选择&填空The Anglo-Norman PeriodThe literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its____tales of___and___,in marked contrast of____and ____of Anglo-Saxon poetry.romantic,love,adventure,strength,somberness（昏暗；冷静）Geoffrey Chaucer1.The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a General Prologue and only_____tales,of which two are left unfinished.●242.The____provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.●Prologue序言3.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer's greatest work and the greater part of it was written in____Couplets.●Heroic（英雄双韵体）4.The pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales are on their way to the shrine of St.Thomas a Becket at the place named____.●Canterbury5.In The Canterbury Tales,from the character of_____,we may see a very vivid sketch of a woman of the middle class,and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer's own day.●the Wife of Bath（巴斯夫人：齐叟笔下一个结过5次婚等待第六位丈夫的女人）Renaissance1.Hamlet,Othello,King Lear,and____are generally regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies.●Macbeth2.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of_____.●Queen Elizabeth3._____wrote his_____in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of people's sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.●Thomas More，UtopiaThe literature of the17th century1.After____'s death,monarchy was again restored in1660.It was called the period of_____.●Oliver Cromwell;Restoration2.The Glorious Revolution took place in the year of_____●1688.3.Paradise Lost tells how____rebelled against God and how___and___were driven out of Eden.●Satan;Adam,Eve.4.Bunyan's most important work is____,written in the form old-fashioned medieval form of_____and dream.●The Pilgrim's Progress;allegory寓言the18th century literature1.The image of an enterprising Englishman of the18th century was created by Daniel Defoe in his famous novel______.●Robinson Crusoe2.The18th century in English literature is an age of___.●prose3.Jonathan Swift's masterpiece is___..●Gulliver's Travels4.William Blake's work___(1794)are in marked contrast with the Songs of Innocence天真之歌.●The Songs of Experience经验之歌5.The greatest of___poets in the18th century is Robert Burns.●Scottishthe19th century literature1.With the publication of William Wordworth's______with S.T.Coleridge,______began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.●Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集,Romanticism2.The Romantic Age came to an end in1832when the last Romantic writer_____died.●Walter Scott3.The greatest historical novelist_____was produced in the Romantic Age.●Walter Scott4.The glory of the Romantic age is in the poetry of___,___,___,___,___,and___.●Scott,Wordsworth,Coleridge科尔里奇,Byron,Shelley,Keats,Moore,Southey索西.5.The English Romantic Period produced two major novelists.They are______.●Scott and Austen6.In his poems Wordsworth aimed at the_____and_____of the language.●simplicity,purity7.Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems,one is Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,and the other is_____.●Don Juan8.“Ode to a Nightingale”was written by_____.●John Keats9.Jane Austen's literary concern is about human beings in their_____relationships.●personal.Victorian Age1.In the19th century English literature,a new literary trend_____appeared after the romantic poetry,and flourished in the time of ______.●Critical realism,1840s and1850s.2.Critical realism reveals the corrupting influence of the rule of cash upon human nature.Here lies in the essentially_____and _____character of critical realism.●Democratic,humanitarian3.In A tale of Two Cities,the two cities are_____and_____in the time of revolution.●London,Paris4.In1847,Thackeray published his masterpiece_____,which marks the peak of his literary career.●Vanity Fair5.It is Robert Browning who developed the literary form_____..●Dramatic monologue戏剧独白20th century British Literature1.____had its outstanding advocate in Kipling,who with drum and trumpet,called upon England to“take up the Whiteman's burden”by dominating all“lesser breeds without the law.”●lmperialism2.Those“novels of character and environment”by Thomas Hardy are the lost representative of him as both a and a critical realist writer.●Naturalistic3.It took Galsworthy twenty-two years to accomplish the monumental work,his masterpiece____●The Forsyte Saga福尔赛世家wrence finished____,the autobiographical novel at which he had been working off and on for years,which was positively taken as a typical example and lively manifestation of the“Oedipus Complex”in fiction.●Sons and Lovers5.___and___are the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist.●James Joyce，Virginia Woolf.6.____is generally regarded as Virginia Woolf's most remarkable work.●To the LighthouseExercises on American Literature1.In the17th century,the English settlements in____and____began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.●Virginia,Massachusetts2.Washington Irving's____became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.●Sketch Book3.Cooper's enduring fame rests on his frontier stories,especially the five novels that comprise the____.●Leatherstocking Tales4.____was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New land.●Ralph Waldo Emerson5.A superb book entitled____came out of Henry David Thoreau's two-year experiment at Walden Pond.●Walden6.The book____is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.●Moby DickBook two chapter one1.In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass,__gave America its first genuine epic poem.●Walt Whitman2.As the founder of American Critical Realism,____enjoys the fame as“Lincoln of American literature”.●Mark Twain3.____was considered the founder of psychological realism in America.●Henry James4.The identification of potency（影响）with money is at the heart of Dreiser's greatest and most successful novel,____.●An American TragedyThe20th century1.Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the“_____Movement”.●Imagist2.The most significant American poem of the20th century was_____.●The Waste Land3.____of the1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.●The Jazz Age4.Hemingway's novel___painted the image of a whole generation,the Lost Generation.●The Sun Also Rises5.____wrote about the disintegration（瓦解）of the old social system in the American southern states,and the lives of modem people,both black and white.●William Faulkner三、True or False1.In1066,Alexander the Great led the Norman army to invade England.It was called the Norman Conquest.●F(William the Conqueror）2.The Story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination（顶点）of the romances about Charles the Great.●F(King Arthur and his knights)3.Robinson named Saturday to the saved victim.F(Friday)4.“A Modest Proposal”is made to Irish government to relieve the poverty of English people.F(Irish)5.It was Henry Fielding and Tobias Gorge Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe.T6.Of all the romantic poets of the18th century,Blake is the most in-dependent and the most original.T7.George Eliot produced the remarkable novels including Adam Bede,The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner.(true)8.The Bronte sisters are Charlotte Bronte,Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte.(true)9.The Victorian Age was largely an age of prose,especially of the novel.(true)10.David Copperfield is Thackeray's masterpiece.F(Dickens)11.The title of the novel Vanity Fair is taken from Bunyan's Pilgrim's progress.(true)12.In1907,John Galsworthy received the Nobel Prize for“idealism”in literature.Kim is his long novel.F(Kipling)13.George Bernard Shaw was strongly against the credo of“art for art's sake”.T14.The Importance of Being Earnest is written by Oscar Wilde.T15.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter.T16.In1828,Noah Webster published his An American Dictionary of the English Language.T17.Stirred by the teachings of transcendentalism,writers of Boston and nearby towns produced a New England literary renaissance.T18.The Fall of the House of Usher is one of Edgar Allan Poe's poems.F(novels)19.Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about man and nature.T20.Emily Dickinson is a democratic poet.F(modernist)21.“The Cop and the Anthem”was written by Jack London.F(O Henry)22.While embracing the socialism of Marx,Jack London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals.This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel The Call of the Wild F(Martin Eden) 23.Between the mid-19th and the first decade of the20th century,there had been a big flush of new theories and new ideas in both social id natural sciences,as well in the field of art in Europe,which played an indispensable role in bringing about modernism and the modernistic writings in the United States.T 24.The decade of the1910s,American literature achieved a new diversity and reached its greatest heights.F(1920s)25.John Steinbeck is a representative of the1930s,when“novels of social protest”became dominant on the American literary scene.T 26.John Updike is considered to be a spokesman for the alienated youth in the post-war era and his The Catcher in the Rye is regarded as students'classic.F（Jerome David Salinger）(J.D.Salinger）四、连线题作家流派/文体作品Literature StyleChaucer heroic couplet英雄双韵体Romance of the Roseschiefly under the influenceof French poetry of theMiddle AgesThe House of Fame--《名誉堂》Troylus and Criseyde《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》The Legend of Good women--《良妇传说》The Parliament of Fowls--《百鸟堂》under the spell of the greatliterary geniuses of earlyRenaissance Italy:Danteand Petrarch andBoccaccioThe Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》Produced his works ofmaturity free from anyforeign influence.WilliamLanglandPiers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》Alliteration(头韵)Thomas More托马斯.莫尔Humanism人文主义Utopia乌托邦Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根The Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》Of Studies《论读书》;Of wisdom《论智慧》EssayJohn Lyly Eupheus written in a peculiar style known as EuphuismThomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特first introduced the sonnet into English literatureEarl of Surrey萨利伯爵created blank verse Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞The Fairy Queen《仙后》Lyrical poetryBen Jonson琼生Every Man in His Humour;Volpone,or the Fox;The Alchemist;Bartholomew Fair.ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗.马洛Doctor Faustus;The Jew of Malta;Tamburlaine Play Robert Greene George Green;the Pinner of WakefieldWilliam Shakespeare威廉姆.莎士比亚Hamlet(哈姆雷特)，Othello(奥赛罗)，King Lear(李尔王)，The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)37plays;blank verseJohn Donne 约翰.多恩“metaphysical”poets(玄学派诗人)《Death be not proud》《死神莫骄妄》Songs and Sonnets《歌谣与十四行诗》The RelicA Valediction:Forbidding Mourning《离别辞：莫忧伤》1.Extraordinary frankness,penetrating realism,cynicism.2.Novelty of subjectmatter and point of view.3.Novelty of form.John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿三个John都是the Puritans清教徒派《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护《Paradise Lost》失乐园Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》《Paradise Regained》复乐园Sonnet-On His Blindness1.The use of blank verse.2.Grand style.3.Inheritance fromtraditional works such as《失明述怀》Sonnet-On His Deceased Wife《梦之妻》Bible.John Bunyan 约翰.拜扬Pilgrim’s ProgressThe Holy War《圣战》The Life and Death of Mr.BadmanGrace Abounding《丰盛恩惠》1.Written in theold-fashioned,medievalform of allegory anddream.2.His language is chieflyplain,colloquial,and quitemodern.Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福realistic novel现实主义小说《Robinson Crusoe》鲁宾逊漂流记《Jonathan Wild》乔纳森.威尔德《Moll Flanders》摩尔.弗兰德斯Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁Father of modernfiction《Joseph Andrews》约瑟夫.安德鲁斯《The History of Tom Jones,a foundling》弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事The History of Jonathan Wild the Great《伟大的乔纳森·王尔德》Humor&satiristJonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特satirist反讽prose poetry《Gulliver’s Travels》格列佛游记《A Modest Proposal》一个温和的建议A Tale of a Tub1697《一只桶的故事》The Battle of the Books1698《书籍之战》The Drapier’s Letters1724《布商来信》Joseph Addlson The Tatler闲谈者The Spectator旁观者Joseph Addison＆Richard Steele；their life-long friendship and the partnership in literary career.Alexander pope the Pastorals(1709)（田园诗歌）the Essay on Criticism (1711)（论批评）The Rape of the Lock(1714)（卷发遇劫记）“Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady”;“Eloise to Abelard,Samuel Richardson塞缪尔.理查森epistolarynovel(书信体小说），Englishdomestic novel(英国家庭小说）《Pamela》帕美勒Clarissa Harlowe克拉丽莎Sir Charles Grandison查尔斯•格兰迪森的历史psychological analysisRichard B.Sheridan理查德.B.谢尔丹comedy《School for Scandal》造谣学校the Rivals(情敌)the only important Englishdramatist of the18thcenturyOliver Goldsmith’s奥利佛.哥尔德斯密斯《The Vicar of Wakefield》威克菲尔德的牧师，小说novel《She Stoops to Conquer》委曲求全，欢乐喜剧rollicking comedy《The Deserted Village》荒村，诗歌The Traveller旅行者poems,诗歌The Citizen of the World世界公民essay以上6位都是18世纪Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说)的代表人物Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷Sentimentalism感伤主义no belief《Elegy,Written in a CountryChurchyard》墓园挽歌William Blake 威廉.布莱克Pre-romanticismSongs of Innocence天真之歌Songs ofExperience经验之歌Poetical Sketches素描诗集The Tiger老虎Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原John Anderson,My Jo约翰·安徒生，我爱A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰To a Mouse致小鼠Auld Lang Syne友谊地久天长William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯Lake Poets（湖畔派）Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣《The Prelude》序曲1.Leading figure of English romanticpoetry2.See this world freshly and naturally.3.Changed the course of English poetryLord Byron拜伦Romanticism《Childe Harold Pilgrimage》查尔德哈罗德游记Don Juan（唐璜）《Hours of Idleness》闲散时刻1.Renowned as the“gloomy egoist”2.“Byronic Hero”（拜伦式英雄）3.Devote himself into the revolutionPercy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Idealism（理想主义）《Prometheus Unbound》解放的普罗米修斯《Ode to the West Wind》西风颂The Cloud云1.Intense and original2.Reflect radical ideas and revolutionaryoptimism3.Rebel against English politics andconservative valuesJohn Keats济慈Romanticism（浪漫主义）《The Eve of St.Agnes》圣阿格良斯之夜《On a Greeian Urn》希腊古瓮颂《To a Nightingale》致夜莺Ode on Melancholy（忧郁颂）Isabella（伊莎贝拉）1.Epitaph:Here lies one whose name waswritten in water（此地长眠者，声名水上书）2.Early death from tuberculosis at theage of253.He is characterized by sensual imageryWalter Scott沃特.斯科特Famous HistoricalNovelistIvanhoe（艾凡赫）The lady of the Lake（湖中夫人）Waverley（威佛利）1.Historical novelist as well as playwrightand poet.2.He was an advocate,judge and legaladministrator by professionJane Austen简.奥斯丁Female Novelist《Pride and Prejudice》傲慢与偏见《Sense and Sensibility》理智与情感《Emma》爱玛1.Modern character through the treatmentof everyday life2.Virginia Woolf called Austen"the mostperfect artist among women."Charles Lamb 查尔斯.兰伯Essayist（随笔作家）Tales from Shakespeare（莎士比亚故事集）Essays of Elia（伊利亚随笔）The Last Essays of Elia（伊利亚续笔）1.Indulged in his own contemplation andimagination2.To him,literature was a means toexpress his own subjective world and toescape from the sordidness（肮脏、卑鄙）Charles Dickens狄更斯Critical Realism批判现实主义Victorian Period维多利亚时期humanism人文主义《Hard Times》艰难时刻《PickwickPapers》匹克威克外传《Oliver Twist》雾都孤儿《A Tale of Two Cities》双城记1.expose and criticize the poverty,injustice,hypocrisy and corruptness2.show a highly consciouse modernartist3.humor and wit seem inexhaustible4.Picaresque novel(流浪汉小说）Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特.勃郎特《Shirley》雪利《Jane Eyre》简.爱1.great work of genius in Englishfiction2.focus on the female topic3.lyric writing style4.simple realismEmily Bronte艾米丽.勃郎特《Wuthering Heights》呼啸山庄Mrs.Gaskell《Mary Barton,North and South》玛丽.巴顿，北方和南方William Makepeace Thackeray 《Vanity Fair》名利场—this title wasborrowed from The Pilgrim’s Progressby Bunyan.没有大人物的小说1.rich knowledge of social life andheart,the picture in the novels areaccurate and true life2.Thackeray’s satire is caustic and hishumor subtle3.Pay attention to morilityGeorge Eliot 乔治.艾略特《Adam Bede》亚当贝德The Mill on the Floss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》Silas Marner《织工马南传》Middlemarch《米德尔马契》1.show superb conception andexecution and include much favoralfeminist criticism2.describe various inner world anddepict people’s live with cinematicprecision3.moral teaching and psychologicalrealism.精神说教和心理现实主义。
自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理2
英美文学选读要点总结细心整理[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心, 人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到足够的论据, 来赞美人性, 并开始留意到人类是崇高的生命, 人可以不断发展完善自己, 而且世界是属于他们的, 供他们怀疑, 探究以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔, 克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
英美文学重点知识归纳
英美文学重点知识归纳一、英美文学的概念和特点英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、剧本等。
它具有以下几个特点：1.多元化：英美文学以其丰富多样的风格和流派而闻名。
从古典主义到浪漫主义，从现代主义到后现代主义，英美文学不断演变和发展，展示了人类思想和情感的多样性。
2.自由和开放性：英美文学强调个体的自由和独立思考，在作品中反映了社会、政治和文化的变革。
自由主义和个人主义的精神贯穿在英美文学的历史中。
3.注重个人感受和情感表达：英美文学注重个人感受和情感表达，通过描写人物内心的矛盾和困惑，展示了人性的复杂和多样性。
二、英美文学的重要时期和代表作品1. 文艺复兴时期（16世纪）文艺复兴时期是英美文学的重要里程碑，代表作品有：•威廉·莎士比亚的剧作《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等，深刻地反映了人性的复杂性和命运的无常。
•约翰·米尔顿的史诗《失乐园》，通过对上帝、撒旦和亚当夏娃的描写，揭示了人类的原罪和思想的自由。
2. 浪漫主义时期（18世纪末至19世纪初）浪漫主义时期是英美文学的重要发展阶段，代表作品有：•威廉·华兹华斯的诗集《抒情诗选集》，强调对自然和个人感受的表达，展现了对自由和灵魂的渴望。
•简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》，通过对社会等级和女性地位的描写，呈现了封建社会的弊端。
3. 现代主义时期（20世纪初至中期）现代主义时期是英美文学的革命性时期，代表作品有：•弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说《至灵之泉》，以流动的意识流体式叙述，探索了心灵的迷茫和现代社会的困惑。
•T·S·艾略特的诗集《荒原》，通过对现代社会的批判和对个体灵魂的探索，反映了人类在现代社会中的孤独和迷失。
三、英美文学的重要作家和代表作1. 威廉·莎士比亚（1564-1616）威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的剧作家之一，代表作品有：•《哈姆雷特》：探讨了人性的矛盾和命运的无常，是世界戏剧史上最重要的作品之一。
英语专业英美文学史复习要点.doc
I.Some Historical Facts ★★★The earliest inhabitants: Britons （a tribe of Celts）Britain: "the land of Britons" © Now, the Three Famous Conquests:A.The Roman Conquest （55BC-410AD）1.Britain was invaded by the Romans under the leadership of Julius Caesar in 55 BC, and was completely subjugated to the Roman Empire in 78 A.D.2.Roman mode of life came across to Britain:Conquerors— theaters; bathsnative Britons— slaves3.Roman Empire began to decline at the beginning of the 5th C.In 410 A. D. all the Roman troops withdrew and never returned.B.The Anglo-Saxon Conquest （449-1066）In 449 A.D., Britain was invaded by three Germanic tribes from the Northeast of Europe:Angles （盎格鲁人）Saxons （撒克逊人）Jutes （朱特人）C.The Norman Conquest （1066-1485）French-speaking Normans, under the leadership of Duke William （William the Conqueror） came in 1066.After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as the King of England. In the Anglo-Norman period, the prominent kind of literature, Romances, were at first all in French.At the end of the 14th century, English became dominant once more.II. Anglo-Saxon LiteratureAnglo-Saxon Poetry★★1.Pagan Poetry （世俗诗）Also called secular poetry, it does not contain any specific Christian doctrine. It was represented by Beowulf （贝奥武甫）.2.Religious Poetry （宗教诗）Also called Christian poetry, it is mainly on biblical stories and saints9 lives. But sometimes there is a mixture of Christian and pagan （异教徒）ideas. It is represented by Caedmon （凯德蒙）and Cynewulf （基涅武甫）・National epic （民族史诗）★★National epic: epic written in vernacular （本国的）languages, namely, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Poetic Features of “Beowulf （贝奥武甫）★★★i.The use of alliteration （头韵）is one of its most striking features.In alliterative verse, certain stressed or accented words in a line begin with the same consonant. There are 4 stresses in a line generally, of which three or two show alliteration.ii.The use of kennings:Kenning （代喻）:compound words that serve as metaphor, used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry.For example: "storm of swords" is a kenning for "battle".iii.The use of understatements（抑言陈述）or euphemism （委婉语），e.g.: "not troublesome" > very welcome"need not praise" > a right to condemniv.The basically pagan poem has an evident Christian overlay.e.g.:（l） "God" or "Lord" is frequently mentioned as the omnipotent supreme being, along with such Christian concepts as the belief in "future life".（2）Grendel is said to be descendant of the errant biblical figure, Cain.The Religious Poetry ★★The religious poetry is also called Christian poetry. It is mainly on biblical stories and saints9lives. But sometimes there is a mixture of Christian and pagan ideas in these poems. It is represented by Caedmon and Cynewulf.Anglo-Saxon Prose （散文）★★Prose literature did not show its appearance until the 8th century.There were two famous prose writers:Venerable Bede （比德）Alfred the Great （阿尔弗烈德大王）Anglo-Norman Literatures^1066, the year of the Norman conquest, marks the beginning of Anglo-Norman period （1066-1485）.Ca. 1200: the beginning of the Middle English Literature.A. Romance ★★★Romance （骑士文学），mostly in French, is the dominant kind of literature in the Anglo-Norman period.It is a long composition in verse or prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. It generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of fighting as well as a number of miscellaneous adventures.Essential features of the Romanced ★★1.It lacks general resemblance （相似）to truth or reality.2.It exaggerates the vices （罪恶）of human nature and idealizes the virtues.3.It contains perilous （危险的）adventures more or less remote from ordinary life.4.It lays emphasis on supreme devotion to lady.5.The central character of the romance is the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons. He is commonly described as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournaments, or fighting for his lord in battle. He is devoted to the church and the king.The Matters of Britain★★★This Cycle mainly deals with the exploits （功绩）of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination （高潮）of the Arthurian romances.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight**Sir Gawain and the Green Knight （《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》），a verse romance of 2530 lines, derived from Celtic legend. It was considered as the best of Arthurian romance.English Ballads (民歌)★★1.It is oral literature of the English people (esp. peasants).2.It is a story told in song, usu. in 4-line stanzas, with the 2nd and the 4th lines rhymed.3.Its subject matters: young lovers9 struggle against patriarchy (父权制)；conflict between love and wealth; cruelty of jealousy; criticism of the civil war (1337〜1453) between England and France.; matters of class struggle.Robin Hood Ballads: most noted.Translation of the Bible**1. John Wycliffe (1320-1384), the first attempt to translate the Latin version of the Bible into Middle English.King James9 version (the Authorized Version) (1611)Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)杰弗里•乔叟(GeoffreyChaucer) ★★★Father of English poetryThe first great poet writing in Middle EnglishFounder of English realismMain WorksThe Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》The House of Fame《声誉殿堂》Troilus and Criseide《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》Chaucer's Contributions★★★i.Chaucer made the London dialect the standard for modern English language, and was the first to write in English. In doing so, established English as the literary language of the country.ii.He introduced ( from France and Italy) the rhymed stanza (诗节)of various types, esp. heroic couplet (英雄偶句诗),to take the place of the old alliterative verse.iii.His works give a comprehensive picture of Chaucer's time; For his true-to-life (写实的)depictions, Chaucer is generally regarded as the forerunner of English realism.iv.Chaucer's gentle satire （讽束!j） and mild irony made him a pioneering English humorist writer.The Canterbury Tales （坎特伯雷故事集）（1387-1400）***1.The outline of the storyThe story opens with a general prologue telling that on a spring evening, at the Tabard Inn （泰巴旅店）,at the South end of London Bridge, Chaucer meets 29 pilgrims ready for Canterbury and he joins them.Suggested by the host of the inn, each is to tell 2 stories going and 2 returning. The best teller will be treated with a fine supper, by the host.Clearly, the structure of The Canterbury Tales is indebted to Boccaccio's Decameron （《十日谈》）.As a gigantic plan, 120 stories should be told but only 24 were written.But these tales cover practically all the major types of medieval literature: a. romance;b. folk tale;c. beast fable （1 申话）；d. adventures;e. saint's life;f. allegorical tale （寓言）;g. sermon （训诫）;h. alchemical account （炼丹术）,etc.2.The General Prologue （总序言）The Canterbury Tales consists of three parts:The General Prologue,24 tales, four of which left unfinished,Separate prologues to each tale.The General Prologue was considered the best part of the whole work, which supplies a picture of people from all walks of life in the medieval England. It in essence serves asa guide.3.The charactersAll kinds of people except the highest and the lowest are represented by these thirty pilgrims （朝圣者）：The gentle class （2申士阶层）is represented by the knight, the squire （骑士扈从）, the monk, the prioress （女修道院院长）,the Oxford scholar, and the Franklin （地主）; The burgher class （市民阶层）is represented by the wealthy trademan, thehaberdasher（月艮装店主），the carpenter, the landed proprietor（土地业主），the weaver, the tapestry-maker （挂毯商）,and the Wife of Bath （巴斯夫人）；The professionals are represented by the lawyer and the physician.Rhymed ★Alliteration （头韵）：stressed words in a line begin with the same consonant, e.g.: great, grewAssonance （谐韵）:stressed words in a line share the same vowel （谐元韵），e.g.: great, failRhyme （尾韵）：Identity or sameness of terminal sounds in poetic lines or in words, e.g.: great, bait Feet （音步）feet: small groups of syllables （音节）,i.e. the combination of a strong stress and one or two weak stresses.simply put （简言之）:Combination of one stressed syllable （重读音节）& one or two unstressed syllables （非重读音节）e.g. hazel; to swell;The clock struck one.Four standard（1）iambic （抑扬格,n. iamb）an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable:defeat return（2）anapestic （抑抑扬格,n. anapest）two unstressed syllables t a stressed:understand with a leap（3）trochaic （扬抑格,n. trochee）a stressed an unstressed:listen double（4）dactylic （扬抑抑格,n. dactyl）a stressed 一 two unstressed syllables: Here we go merrilyNumber of feet in a(1)monometer 单音步(one foot)(2)dimeter 二音步(two feet)(3)trimeter 三音步(three feet )(4) tetrameter 四音步(fourfbet )(5) pentameter 五音步(five feet )(6) hexameter 六音步(six feet)(7) heptameter 七音步(sevenfeet)(8) octameterMeter (韵律)八音步(eightfeet)The meter of a line (诗行的韵律)not only includes the predominant foot of the line, but also the number of feet that it contains.rhymed stanza (押＜尾＞韵诗节)Rhymed: correspondence of terminal sounds of words, or of lines of verse.Stanza: a group of lines in a repeated pattern that form a unit within a larger poem.List of stanza names according to number of lines:2lines = Couplet (对联)3lines = Tercet (三行诗)4lines = Quatrain (四行诗)5lines = Cinquain (五彳亍诗)6lines = Sestet (六行诗)7lines = Septet (七行诗)8lines = Octave (八行诗)heroic couplet (英雄诗体，英雄双韵句)It is a rhymed couplet (押韵对句)：a pair of rhyming lines in iambic pentameter.rhyming scheme (韵法)英语诗歌的行与行之间的押韵格式称韵法。
英美文学复习材料
清教主义名词解释清教运动发生在十六世纪末被改革影响很深的运动，他的主要观点是净化英国教会的罗马天主教皇仪式、礼拜和组织。
最重要的根本的清教徒找到原始的基督教精神的复归。
最重要要记的事情是它是英国教会的一个运动。
在十七世纪很多清教徒移民区一个新世界，在那里他们找到一个神圣的联邦在新英格兰。
清教徒们占统治地位的文化力量留在那个地方在十九世纪。
清教徒在很大程度上扩大了英国革命的范围，主要特点表现在四个方面（1）个人的拯救完全依靠上帝（2）圣经提供了不可缺少的人生指引。
（3）教会应该反映出圣经教义的表达（4）社会是一个完整的统一体。
清教徒相信人类完全依靠于上帝的拯救。
根据他们在英国的前辈卢瑟和科尔文，他们相信和解是上帝带来的礼物，是真理的标准。
他们是Augustinians，认为人类是罪人，不愿意也不能够去达到要求，或者享受友谊，这个争议的上帝和开始那个仁慈的上帝相去甚远。
美国清教主义是被美国人认为美国文学史上最持久和最成型的影响之一。
它已经成为，或者在某种程度上说，是一种心理情形，而超过了一套教义，所以是美国人呼吸着的国际文化氛围的一部分没有理解清教主义，就没有真正理解美国的文化和文学。
浪漫主义定义：浪漫主义上升时期在十八世纪和十九世纪。
和古典主义相比，它与个人的想象力创造力联系得更加紧密。
浪漫主义作家着重于描绘有特点的角色. 他们创造新生命在他们的作品中根据他们的理想和想象力甚至是奇异的幻想去限制客观事物的描写叙述，对高雅的激情, 和不规则的美使之完美的部分。
浪漫主义作家：华盛顿欧文, 拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生, 沃尔特惠特曼,济慈,谢莉,拜伦华盛顿欧文: 小品集中最有名的是李伯大梦和沉睡谷传奇拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生: *自然，在现代散文中第一次提倡把乡野世界看作一种无所不包的积极力量他提出了一个观念：出门散步是一种看待世界的2方式。
自然中最有名的是美国学者和诗人沃尔特惠特曼:* 草叶集,* 船长啊，我的船长. 惠特曼诗歌的主题：―民主自由”democracy and freedom、“自我”self/ego等主题的论述，表达诗人对理想人类社会的渴望与追求及对人民的歌颂和热爱詹姆斯Fennimore Cooper库伯: *皮袜子故事,先驱者Walter Scott斯科特: 湖之小姐Henry David Thoreau亨利大卫梭罗: *瓦尔登湖, a Week on the Concord and Merrimack RiversNathaniel Hawthorne纳塞尼尔霍桑: *红字, 有七个尖角阁的房子, 大理石牧神. 红字A的含义：*第一层Adultery，即通奸; 第二层Able，即能力; 第三层,Angel，即天使Edger Allen Poe爱伦坡:** The Raven乌鸦中句子―once upon a 沉闷的午夜…and the Raven, 从不振翅‖, Annabel Lee中―月亮从不发光除了带给我梦‖,best poems* ―Israfel伊斯拉斐尔‖中―yes, heaven is thine; but this…where Israfel…from my lyre七弦琴within the sky‖, most famous *―to Helen致海伦‖中―to the glory 光荣that was Greece希腊/and the grandeur 壮丽that was Rome‖Herman Melville赫尔曼麦尔维尔:* Moby Dick白鲸记Emily Dickinson艾米丽狄金森:诗歌名字即为诗歌的第一句My life closed twice before its close, *Wild Nights-Wild Nights, Death is a Dialogue 对话between, T ell all the Truth but tell it slant倾斜, T o fight aloud老师讲的(Summer for Thee, grant I may be)Samuel Coleridge柯勒律治: Aids to Reflection艾滋病反思, the Friend William Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯: I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我独自漫步, Composed upon Westminster Bridge威斯敏斯特大桥, the Solitary Reaper孤独的收割者Thomas Carlyle托马斯卡莱尔: Sartor Resartus裁衣匠的改制Byron拜伦:Keats济慈:Shelley雪莱:Robert Burns伯罗特伯恩斯:Henry Longfellow亨利费朗罗: Hiawatha海华沙之歌Channing钱宁: Remarks摘要on National Literature国家文学现实主义William dean 威廉迪恩Howells: Criticism and Fiction批评和小说, *the Rise of Silas Lapham 地位: 是19世纪末美国最负盛名的作家之一，享有―现实主义文学奠基人‖之美誉，也是美国提倡现实主义文学的先躯亨利詹姆斯: novels-the American, Daisy Miller, the Portrait 肖像of a Lady,* the Ambassadors大使,* the Wings of the Dove鸽子之翼,* the Golden Bowl金黄色的碗, the Ivory T ower象牙塔, the Sense of the Past往事之感.Local 当地Colorism ？Mark twain马克吐温: the Adventure of T om Sawyer汤姆索亚历险记, *the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn费恩历险记, the Mysterious Stranger奇怪的陌生人, Autobiography自传American Naturalism 美国自然主义Stephen 斯蒂芬Crane:* Maggie: a Girl of the Streets玛吉：一个街边女郎, *the Red Badge of Courage (civil war)红色英勇勋章3Frank Norris弗兰克诺里斯: Mcteague, best work最好的著作*―the Octopus章鱼‖Theodore Dreiser西奥多德莱赛: Sister Carrie嘉莉妹妹Edwin 爱德温Arlington阿林顿Robinson罗宾逊: *Richard Cory理查德科里, Man against the Sky男人天空之战Jack London杰克伦敦: the Call of the Wild野性的呼唤, White Fang白犬, the Sea Wolf海狼, masterwork 杰作*―Martin Eden马丁伊登‖O. Henry欧亨利: The Gift of the Magi, the Necklace麦琪的礼物项链Upton厄普顿Sinclair: the Jangle争吵1920s Imagism意象派Ezra 以斯拉Pound: *Hugh Selwyn Mauberley休塞尔温, *Rock Drill Cantos凿岩诗章, 老师讲的In the station of the Metro麦德龙, A Pact一个契约, Alba晨曲T.S. Elliot艾略特: *The Waste Land荒原, the Sacred Wood圣木, the Love Song of J. Alfred 阿尔弗雷德爱情诗Prufrock普鲁弗洛克Spenser斯宾塞: Faerie Queene仙后Wallace Stevens华莱士史蒂文斯: *Anecdote of Jar坛子轶事, Ideas of Order 秩序观念, the Man with Blue Guitar有蓝吉他的人, Parts of a World世界部件, the Emperor of Ice-Cream冰激凌皇帝William Carol Williams威廉姆斯颂歌:* Paterson帕特森（美国的一座城市）, In the American Grain在美国的粮食Robert Frost罗伯特弗罗斯特: North of Boston波士顿以北, *the Road Not T aken未选择的路, Stopping by Woods雪夜林边小驻4次Pulitzer普利策Carl Sandburg卡尔桑德堡: Lost, *Fog 迷失雾E. E. Cummings卡明斯: the Enormous Room大风暴，Love is More Thicker than Forget/ I carry your heart with me/l(aHart Carne: White Buildings 白建筑物(23 poems)-for the marriage of Faustus 浮士德and Helen海伦, the Tragical History悲剧of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士, *the Bridge-to Brooklyn Bridge布鲁克林大桥, the Tunnel隧道, Voyages Marianne Moore玛丽安摩尔: the Fish, Silence, the StudentF. Scott Fitzgerald斯科特菲茨杰拉德: *the Great Gatsby, T ender is the Night, *Flappers and Philosophers, T ales of the Jazz Age爵士时代故事Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特海明威:* the Sun Also Rise太阳照常升起, a Farewell to Arms永别了武器,* the Old Man and the Sea老人与海William Faulkner威廉福克纳:* the Sound and the Fury喧嚣与骚动,/*a Rose for Emily艾米丽的玫瑰/ Light in August八月之光/ Absalom, Absalom!押沙龙押沙龙/Go Down, Moses平静下来摩西托妮莫里森: *Song of Solomon所罗门之歌, Beloved被爱约瑟夫Heller: Catch-22, Something Happened,一些事情会发生Fog (CARL SANDBURG)The fog comes 雾来了On little cat feet 小猫的脚步It sits looking 它坐着看Over harbor and city 掠过城市和港口On silent haunches轻轻的脚步And then moves on然后又向前去主题一: 城市的神秘和孤寂–在20世纪随着工业革命的进步，人们感到孤单和沮丧在这个唯物主义的世界里。
英美文学史复习资料
英美文学史复习资料英国文学史资料I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫Artistic features:ing alliteration头韵ing metaphor暗喻and understatement含蓄陈述Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟The founder of English poetry.三个阶段：1 <The Romaunt of the Rose>玫瑰传奇2<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德longest complete poem3 <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：Significance :first time to use …heroic couplet‟(英雄双韵体) by middle EnglishII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Euro pe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.0. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
英美文学复习总结资料.docx
姜（8夂禽1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明•富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard's Almanack 穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth 致富之道；The Autobiography 自传2、Thomas Paine托马斯•潘恩1737-1809Common Sense 常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man 人的权利：The Age of Reason 理性时代4> Washington Irving华盛顿•欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史.... 美国人与的龙部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book 见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷的传说---- 使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家5、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库珀1789-1851 The Spy 间谍;The Piloi•领航者;Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer 拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干A;The Prairie 大草原;The Pathfinder 探路者;The Deerslayer 杀鹿者7、Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加•爱伦•坡1809-1849 （以诗为诗;永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人——叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 怪诞奇异故事集;Tales 故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌；Annabel Lee安娜贝尔•李 .. 歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头The Raven and Other Poems 乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven 乌鸦；To Hellen 致海伦8、Ralf Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然一-一新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul 论超灵;Self-reliance 论自立;The Transcendentalist 超验主义者Representative Men 代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn 康考德颂;The Rhodo 杜鹃花;The Humble Bee 野蜂;Days 日子■首开自由诗之先河9・ Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔•霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales 尽人皆知的故事:Mosses from an Old Manse 古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown 年轻的古徳曼•布朗;The Scarlet Letter 红字;TheHouse of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子 ---------- 心理若们罗曼10、Henry David Threau 亨利•大卫•梭罗1817-1862 Wadden.or Life in the Woods 华腾湖或林中生活Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience 抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、Walt Whitman沃尔特•惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass 草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe 阔斧之歌;T hear America Singing 我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom'd 小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas 民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question 流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌12、Herman Melville 赫尔曼•梅尔维尔1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale 莫比•辿克/白鲸；Typee 泰比;Omoo 奥穆;Mardi 玛地;Redburn 得本;White Jacket 白外衣:Pierre 皮尔埃；Piazza 广场故事；Billy Budd比利•巴徳13 、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利•沃兹沃思•朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌——美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night 夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens 民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems 布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗:Tales of a Ways ide Inn路边客栈的故事…诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Reveres Ride保罗•里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish边尔斯•斯坦迪什的求婚——叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇…反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier 约翰•格林里夫•惠蒂埃1807-1892 Poems Written During the Progress of the Abol计ion Question 废奴问题;Voice of Freedom 自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems 内战时期所作;Snow-Bound 大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems 海滩的帐篷Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬口 E园诗17、Emily Dickinson 埃米莉•迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson 埃米莉•迪金森诗集--- ''Tell all the truth and tell it slant0迂回曲折的，玄学的18、Mark Twain 马克•吐温(Samuel Longhorne Clemens) ■一美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocenfs Abroad 傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆•索耳B历险记;The Prince and the Pauper 王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利•费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court 亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Puddnhead Wilson 傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉哒克;The Man That Corr叩ted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事一-对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte 哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿 ---- 乡土文学作家23、Henry James享利澹姆斯1843-1916 小说：Daisy Miller 苔瑟•米乐；The Portrait of a Lady 贵妇人画像；The Bostonians 波士顿人;The Real Thing and Other Tales 真货色及其他故事; The Wings of the Dove 鸽翼；The Ambassadors 大使；The Golden Bowl 金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits 不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews 札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays 小说艺术29、O Henry 欧•享利（WilliamSidney Porter） 1862-1910The Man Higher Up 黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens 七上八下38、Theodore Dreiser 西奥多•德莱塞1871-1945 Sister Carrie 嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt 珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲（Financer 金融苑The Titan 巨人,The Stoic）;An American Tragedy 美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）；Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗40Jack London 杰克•伦敦1876-1916 The Son of the Wolf 狼之子“The Call of the Wild 野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf 海狼;White Fang 白礫牙;The People of the Abyss 深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel 铁蹄;Marti Eden 马丁•伊登;How I become a Socialist 我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命:Love of LJfe热爱生UP；The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下45^ Robert Frest罗伯特•弗罗斯特1874-1963 A Boy's Wish 少年心愿；North of Boston 波士顿之北（Mending Wall 修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后）;Mountain Interval 山间（成熟阶段）（The Road Not taken没有选择的道路）；West-running Brook 西流的溪涧;A Further Range 又一片牧场;A Witness Tree 一株作证的树46、Sherwood Anderson 舍伍德•安德森1876-1941 Windy McPhersons Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进屮的人1fJ;Mid-American Chants 美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;bark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories 鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories 林屮之死及其他故事;]Want to Know Why 我想知道为什么50、William Carlos Williams 威廉•卡罗斯•威廉斯1883-1963 收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集:Sour Grapes;Spring and All 春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love 爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel 布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson 佩特森（5 卷长诗）;AsphodaLThat Green Flower 常青花日光乂（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow 红色手推车;The Widow's Lament in Spring 寡妇的春怨；The Dead Baby;The Sparrow z to My Father 麻雀一致父亲proletarian Portrait 无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr 先驱）；The Great American Novels 伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain 美国性格;Autobiography 自传56、Katherine Anne Porter 凯瑟琳•安•波特1890-1980 Flowering Judas 开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall ） ;Pale Horse.Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories ------------- TheCollected Stories of K A PorterShip of Fools 愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）;The Never Ending Wrong 千古奇冤（回忆录）59、E Cumings 肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips anddd Chimneys 郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room 人房间;XL】Poems 诗41 首;Viva 万岁;No, Thanks 不，谢谢;Collected Poems 诗集;Eimi 爱米（访苏游记）63、William Faulkner 威廉•福克纳1897-1962 The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）jSoldiers* Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣:As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）65、Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特•海明威1899-1961 （”迷惘的一代“的代表人物）In Our Time 在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring 春潮;The Sun Also Rises 太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms 永别了,武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing 月生者无所获;The Fifth Column and First FortStories 第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not 贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast 到处逍遥68、Langston Hughes 詹姆斯•兰斯顿•休斯1902-1969 Mulatto 混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues 疲倦的歌声:bear Lovely Death 亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander 我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选87.Saul Bellow 索尔•贝娄1915・长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;TheAdventure of Augie March 奥基•马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King 雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Summlars Planet塞姆勒先生的行星jHumboldfsGift洪堡的礼物中篇小说:Seize the bay且乐今朝88、Arthur Miller 阿瑟•米勒1915- Situation Normal 情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck 吉星高照的人;All My Sons 都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman 推销员;The Crucible 严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays 两个星期一的冋忆:After the Fall 堕落之后incident at Vichy 维希事件;The Price 代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business 创世及其他;The Archbishop's Ceiling 大主教的天花板;The American Clock 美国时钟89、Robert Lowell 罗伯特•洛厄尔1917-1977 诗：Lord Wearys Castle威尔利老爷的城堡;Life Studies人生探索名篇：For Sale;Walking in the Blue;For the Union Dead 献给联邦死难士f 自白诗运动90、J D Salinger 杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格1919- 短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇屮篇小说：Franny 弗兰尼;Zooey 卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters 木匠们，把屋梁升高:Seymour：An Introduction 两摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者102^ Allen Ginsburg 艾伦•金斯堡1926- 诗集：Howl and Other Poems 嚎叫及其他（America）（The Beat Generation 垮掉的一代的宣言书和代表作）；Kaddish and Other Poems卡第绪及其他;Plannet News行星消息;The Fall of America美国的衰弱105> Martin Luther King Jr 马丁•路德・金1929-1968 I Have a Dream；Stride Toward Freedom 迈向自由;Strength to Love 爱的力量;Why We Cant Wait?;Where Do We Go from Here,Chaos or Community?今后我们何去何从，纷争还是团结？111、Sam Shepard萨姆•谢泼德1943・剧本：Cowboys牛仔;The Rock Garden岩石花园;Cowboys #2牛仔第二号［Chicago 芝加哥Operation Sidewinder 响尾蛇行动;Meloddrama 情节剧112. Sylvia Plath西尔维亚•普拉斯1932・1963（confessional school自白派）诗集：The Colossus巨人集:Ariel阿里尔集（Daddy;Lady Lazarus拉扎勒斯夫人）;The Uncollected Poems 杂诗集［Crossing the Water 涉水;Winter Trees 小说：The Bell Jar钟形玻璃罩（自传体小说）名诗：Death & Co死亡公司114、Le Roi Jones勒罗依•琼斯1934・诗集:The Dead Lecturer已故的讲师;Black Magic黑色魔术（Incident事件）剧本：Dutchman;The Slave;The Motion of History 历史的运动117> Alice Walker 沃克1944-长篇小说：TheThird Life of Grange Copeland格兰治科普兰的第三次生活;Meridian 梅丽迪安;The Color Purple 紫色名文：The Civil RightsMovement： What Good Was It?短篇小说集:In Love and Trouble 相爱与苦恼;You Cant Keep a Good WomanDown 好女人永不屈服散文集：In Search of Our Mothers*Gardens诗集：Once有一次Revolutionary Petunias革命的牵牛花传记：。
英美文学复习
英美文学复习–掌握重点文学术语、文学潮流、文学形式各个时期的重要作家和作品重要作品的主题、人物和写作特点–学会分析人物从人物外表、言论、行动、态度、内心思想活动及其矛盾冲突等方面去分析，适当地结合作品的主题、结构及人物在作品中所处的地位学会分析作品–分析诗歌时重点注意：speaker, tone, images, metaphors, symbols, themes and rhetorical devices等方面的内容–分析故事或小说要注意：setting, plot, character, structure, point of view, style and themes 等方面的内容。
注意比较分析–英美文学的比较英美的浪漫主义比较英美的自然主义比较现实主义与自然主义比较等–作家的比较马克.土温与詹姆斯的比较–作品人物的比较Hester Prynne and Sister Carrie 注意作品、作家辨认题–从作家的语言风格着手：diction, syntax, figures of speech, etc.– My thoughts were now wholly employed about securing myself against either savages, if any s hould appear, or wild beasts, if any were in the island; and I had many thoughts of the method how to do this and what kind of dwelling to make, whether I should make me a cave in the earth or a te nt upon the earth: and, in short, I resolved upon both, the manner and description of which it may not be improper to give an account of.– I have not broken your heart—you have broken it—and in breaking it, you have broken mine. So much the worse for me, that I am strong. Do I want to live What kind of living will it be when you—oh, God! would you like to live with your soul1 in the grave– With Blue—uncertain stumbling Buzz—– Between the light—and me—– And then the Windows failed—and then – I could not see to see—。
英美文学复习
英美文学复习英美文学复习一．William Shakespeare1. In “Sonnet 18” Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of _____ and the eternal ____brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.A. death, lifeB. death, loveC. time, beautyD. time, love2. In Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed from Shylock, because ________.A. his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryB. his enterprise went bankruptC. Bassanio was able to pay his own debtD. his ships had all been lost3. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” (Shakespeare, Sonnet 18) What does “ this” refer t o?A. LoverB. TimeC. SummerD. Poetry4. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the beginning line of one Shakespeare’s _________.A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnets5. Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare’s four great tragedies?A. HamletB. Romeo and JulietC. King LearD. Macbeth6. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Dr. FaustusB. FrankensteinC. Timon of AthensD. Sense and SensibilityDr. Faustus is Christopher Marlowe's masterpiece, in which Dr. Faustus sells his soul to the devil in return for the promise of eternal life.7. _______ exposes the corruption of ambition.A. OthelloB. King LearC. HamletD. Macbeth8. Shakespeare’s complete works include 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and ______sonnets.A. 154B. 152C. 153D. 1509. Shakespeare’s works in the earlier period are often imbued with an optimistic atmosphere of humanism. Which of the following works does not belong to this period?A. Romeo and JulietB. The TempestC. The Merchant of VeniceD. A Midsummer Night’s Dream10. All the following except ______ has been called Shakespeare’s “great comedies”?A. Much Ado about NothingB. A Midsummer Night’s DreamC. As You Like ItD. Twelfth Night11. ________is the symbol of Shakespeare’s ideal kinship, who represents the up surging patriotism of that period.A. Henry VIIIB. Henry VC. Richard IID. Richard III12. Who is the heroine in The Merchant of Venice?A. JessicaB. CeliaC. PortiaD. ViolaViola is from Twelfth Night, Celia is from As You Like It.13. The tragedy _______ of Shakespeare shows that noble-minded people may be led astray by evil forces in an evil society and commit heinous mistakes.A. HamletB. MacbethC. OthelloD. King Learheinous: 极可耻的shameful, disgraceful奥赛罗是威尼斯公国一员勇将。
英美文学复习资料
英美文学复习资料英美文学复习资料英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分，包含了许多经典的文学作品和作家。
通过复习英美文学，我们可以更好地了解西方文化和思想，同时也能够提升自己的语言表达能力和文学素养。
本文将为大家提供一些英美文学复习资料，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、英国文学1. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。
这些作品被誉为世界文学的瑰宝，展现了莎士比亚独特的戏剧才华和对人性的深刻洞察。
2. 简·奥斯汀的小说：《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。
奥斯汀以细腻的笔触和幽默的描写，刻画了当时英国社会的风貌和女性的处境，成为英国文学的代表作家之一。
3. 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说：《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。
狄更斯以其对社会问题的关注和对人性的揭示而闻名，他的作品揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面，对社会改革产生了深远影响。
4. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说：《达洛维夫人》、《到灯塔去》等。
伍尔夫以其独特的意识流写作风格和对女性问题的关注，开创了现代主义小说的新篇章。
二、美国文学1. 马克·吐温的小说：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。
吐温以其幽默风趣和对美国社会的讽刺洞察而受到广泛赞誉，他的作品展现了美国南方的风土人情和对奴隶制度的批判。
2. 埃米莉·迪金森的诗歌：迪金森的诗歌充满了哲思和深度，她以其独特的写作风格和对生死、爱情等主题的探索而成为美国文学的重要代表。
3. 威廉·福克纳的小说：《喧哗与骚动》、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》等。
福克纳以其复杂的叙事结构和对南方社会的描绘而被誉为美国文学的巨匠，他的作品展现了南方社会的衰落和黑暗。
4. 托尼·莫里森的小说：《亲爱的》、《宠儿》等。
莫里森以其对种族、性别和身份问题的关注而成为美国文学的重要代表，她的作品揭示了美国社会的不公和歧视。
三、阅读技巧和复习建议1. 阅读经典作品时，要注重对文本细节的理解和分析。
英美文学 知识点总结
英美文学知识点总结英美文学是指在英国和美国国家领土内产生的文学作品，包括英国文学与美国文学。
英美文学史是人类文明史的一个重要组成部分，包括从古典到现代的文学作品，涵盖了从莎士比亚到奥斯卡·王尔德等众多作家的作品。
英美文学的知识点众多，具有深刻的历史、文化和社会背景，下面将总结英美文学知识点，帮助读者更好地了解和学习英美文学。
1. 英国文学的起源和发展英国文学的起源可追溯至中世纪，早期的英国文学作品包括《贝奥歌》、《坎特伯雷故事集》等。
而随着文艺复兴的到来，英国文学迎来了新的发展时期，莎士比亚、斯宾塞等众多作家的作品为英国文学的繁荣与发展奠定了基础。
18世纪的启蒙运动影响了英国文学的发展方向，霍华德、斯威夫特等作家的作品在英国文学史上留下了重要的痕迹。
2. 美国文学的诞生与发展美国文学的起源较晚，17世纪移民新英格兰书信文学是美国文学的开端。
18世纪，美国文学开始迈入现代化阶段，风格多样的文学作品层出不穷。
19世纪的浪漫主义运动、现实主义运动以及自然主义运动，都为美国文学的繁荣与发展贡献了力量。
3. 英美文学的经典作品在英美文学史上，有许多经典作品，这些作品对后世文学产生了深远的影响。
如莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、奥斯卡·王尔德的《风华绝代》、简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》、查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》等。
4. 英美文学的主题和风格英美文学作品的主题和风格多种多样，既有对家国情怀的歌颂，也有对人性命运的探索。
从文艺复兴时期的骑士文学到现代主义文学，英美文学作品的风格也是千姿百态。
5. 英美文学的流派英美文学的作品涉及的流派众多，包括戏剧、小说、诗歌、散文等。
在戏剧方面，莎士比亚的作品是最具代表性的；在小说方面，狄更斯的作品是最为典型的；在诗歌方面，弗罗斯特的作品是最为著名的。
6. 英美文学的影响英美文学对全球文学产生了深远影响，从语言、风格、主题等方面都对其他国家的文学产生了影响。
英美文学整理复习
Quiz on Benjamin Franklin1. ―God help them that help themselves‖ is found in A ‗s work.A.FranklinB.FreneauC.JeffersonD.Paine2. Which statement about Franklin is not true? DA. He instructed his countrymen as a printer.B. He was a scientist.C. He was a master of diplomacy.D. He was a Unitarian.3. Poor Richard‘s Almanac contained A.A. many proverbsB. Franklin‘s autobiographyC. voyages to the new landD. climate and crops4. In his last years and for a generation after his death, _A__ was more often referred to as ―the father of his country‖ tha n was George Washington himselfA. Benjamin FranklinB. Washington IrvingC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Nathaniel Hawthorne5.__A ____ is outstanding as a tradesman, citizen, scientist, statesman and political revolutionary. He aided Jefferson in the writing of the Declaration of the Independence.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Washington IrvingC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Nathaniel Hawthorne6. Benjamin Franklin‘s best writing is found in his masterpiece A .A. AutobiographyB. Poor Ri chard‘s AlmanacC. Common SenseD. The Way to Wealth7. Benjamin Franklin also edited the first colonial magazine, which he called C .A. TimeB. PeopleC. the General MagazineD. Redbook8. If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, represents the lower levels. BA. Thomas PaineB. Benjamin FranklinC. Philip FreneauD. Washington IrvingPhilip Freneau: ―The Poet of American Revolution‖.9. The ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of B .A. Thomas HoodB. Benjamin FranklinC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington10. Benjamin Franklin was the epitome(representative) of the A .A. American EnlightenmentB. Sugar ActC. Chartist MovementD. Romanticist11. Benjamin Franklin shaped his writing after the A of the English essayists Joseph Addison and Richard Steele.A. Spectator PapersB. WaldenC. NatureD. The Sacred Wood12. Benjamin Franklin was a prose stylist whose writing reflected the neoclassic ideal of D .A. clarityB. restraintC. simplicityD. all the above13. Franklin‘s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his A and A .A. Poor Richard‘s Almanac, AutobiographyB. Common Sense, American CrisisC. The Wild Honeysuckle, The Indian Burying GroundD. Rights of Man, The Age of ReasonPhilip Freneau（1752-1832）美国殖民时期著名诗人，美国革命战争后期最杰出的作家。
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Quiz on Benjamin Franklin1、“God help them that help themselves” is found in A ‘s work、A、FranklinB、FreneauC、JeffersonD、Paine2、Which statement about Franklin is not true? D 賭飴勁幂鼴燭涩。
A、He instructed his countrymen as a printer、B、He was a scientist、C、He was a master of diplomacy、D、He was a Unitarian、3、Poor Richard’s Almanac contained A、A、many proverbsB、Franklin’s autobiographyC、voyages to the new landD、climate and crops4、In his last years and for a generation after his death, _A__ was more often referred to as “the father of his country” than was George Washington himselfA、Benjamin FranklinB、Washington IrvingC、Ralph Waldo EmersonD、Nathaniel Hawthorne5、__A ____ is outstanding as a tradesman, citizen, scientist, statesman and political revolutionary、He aided Jefferson in the writing of the Declaration of the Independence、A、Benjamin FranklinB、Washington IrvingC、Ralph Waldo EmersonD、Nathaniel Hawthorne6、Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in hi s masterpiece A 、A、AutobiographyB、Poor Richard’s AlmanacC、Common SenseD、The Way to Wealth7、Benjamin Franklin also edited the first colonial magazine, which he called C 、臨沩釓郐泞亞谱。
A、TimeB、PeopleC、the General MagazineD、Redbook8、If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, represents the lower levels、 B 铄謖頹隶绡丝髏。
A、Thomas PaineB、Benjamin FranklinC、Philip FreneauD、Washington IrvingPhilip Freneau: “The Poet of American Revolution”、9、The ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of B 、A、Thomas HoodB、Benjamin FranklinC、Thomas JeffersonD、George Washington10、Benjamin Franklin was the epitome(representative) of the A 、誄亿袜銥畲儻載。
A、American EnlightenmentB、Sugar ActC、Chartist MovementD、Romanticist11、Benjamin Franklin shaped his writing after the A of the English essayists Joseph Addison and Richard Steele、A、Spectator PapersB、WaldenC、NatureD、The Sacred Wood12、Benjamin Franklin was a prose stylist whose writing reflected the neoclassic ideal of D 、A、clarityB、restraintC、simplicityD、all the above13、Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his A and A 、哗榉潑侥臉讕慣。
A、Poor Richard’s Almanac, AutobiographyB、Common Sense, American CrisisC、The Wild Honeysuckle, The Indian Burying GroundD、Rights of Man, The Age of ReasonPhilip Freneau（1752-1832）美国殖民时期著名诗人，美国革命战争后期最杰出得作家。
生于纽约一酒商家庭。
1768年进入普林斯顿大学，次年发起建立北美第一个革命学生组织。
她写于内战时期得诗集《内战时期及其她》(1864)，歌颂内战时期反蓄奴制斗争中得英雄主义精神，欢庆黑奴解放，以鼓励士气。
1781年发表《英国囚船》一诗，揭露英军虐待战俘得暴行。
1786年出版《弗瑞诺诗集》，被誉为“美国独立革命得诗人”。
战后，她支持杰弗逊，为美国政府做出巨大贡献但50岁后，她在贫穷中度过余生。
主要作品The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上得美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----The Wild Honeysuckle野生得金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地14、Which statement is not true about Autobiography? D 瘾琏鴆颠萦攬嬪。
A、It is recognized as a classic of its kind、B、It epitomizes the spirit of Franklin、C、It is pervaded with a pragmatic philosophy and the teaching of ethical principles、D、It describes the whole life of Franklin、Quiz on Ralph Waldo Emerson1、In the early 19th century The Sketch Book had established _Washington Irving_'s reputation at home and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism、2、Ralph Waldo Emerson's first book in 1836 _Nature_ brought American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England Transcendentalism、3、The American Transcendeatalists formed a club called _The Transcendental Club_、賡冪瑣館鳢賡辦。
4、_Ralph Waldo Emerson_ was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England、5、Emerson's truest disciple门徒, the man who put into practice many of Emerson's theories, was _Henry David Thoreau___6、THe American Scholar_was called the "Intellectual Declaration of Independence、"7、Nature_ is regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism、1、Transcendentalists took their ideas from __E________、A、the romantic literature in EuropeB、neo-PlatonismC、German idealistic philosophyD、The revelation of oriental mysticismE、All of the above2、Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _B_____ and Thoreau、A、JeffersonB、EmersonC、FreneauD、Oversoul3、Philip Freneau__ was considered as the "Poet of American Revolution"?4、__B___ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club、A、ThoreauB、EmersonC、HawthorneD、Whitman5、Transcendentalists recognized _A_____ as the "highest power of the soul"、A、intuitionB、logicC、data of the snesesD、thinking6、A new __C_____ had appeared in England in the last years of the 18th century、It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the 19th century、A、RealismB、Critical realismC、RomanticismD、Naturalism7、Which one is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson? D钙絛頑济軍頤贖。