关于2019年英语专业四、八级统测(TEM48)
2019年英语专业四级听力考试真题
2019年英语专业四级听力考试真题The 2019 English major CET-4 listening test featured a variety of topics and question types designed to assess the listening skills of English learners. The test consisted of four sections, each with different question formats and topics.In the first section, test takers listened to a conversation between two or more people and answered multiple-choice questions about the main idea, details, and opinions expressed in the conversation. This section tested the ability to understand and interpret spoken English in a conversational context.The second section required test takers to listen to a monologue or lecture and answer multiple-choice questions about the main idea, details, and implications of the spoken text. This section tested the ability to understand and analyze longer spoken passages in English.The third section featured a dialogue or conversation in which speakers discussed a particular topic or issue. Test takers were asked to complete sentences or fill in blanks based on the information provided in the conversation. This section tested the ability to understand and infer meaning from spoken English in a dialogue format.The fourth and final section required test takers to listen to a series of short recordings and answer questions about the speakers' opinions, intentions, and emotions. This section tested the ability to understand spoken English in various contexts and styles.Overall, the 2019 English major CET-4 listening test was challenging but fair, providing test takers with the opportunity to demonstrate their listening comprehension skills in a variety of contexts. By practicing listening to a wide range of English material and familiarizing themselves with different question formats, English learners can improve their performance on future listening tests.。
全国英语专业四级八级考试介绍教学提纲
全国英语专业四级八级考试介绍全国英语专业四级八级考试介绍一、考试简介全国英语专业四、八级统测是为检测本科英语专业教学大纲执行情况而进行的本科教学考试。
国家教委(高等学校英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲)规定，高等学校英语专业基础阶段的教学任务和目的是“传授英语基础知识，对学生进行全面的、严格的基本技能训练，培养学生实际运用语言的能力，培养学生良好的学习作风和正确的学习方法，培养学生逻辑思维能力和独立工作能力，丰富学生社会文化知识，增强学生对文化差异的敏感性，为学生升入高年级打好扎实基础。
”高等学校英语专业高年级英语的教学任务是“继续打好语言基本功，进一步扩大知识面，重点应放在培养英语综合技能，充实文化知识，提高交际能力上。
”“以测试手段来检查外语教学质量，检查(大纲)执行情况，以推动外语教学改革。
”二、考试目的基础阶段统测（TEM4）本考试的目的是全面检查已学完英语专业四级课程的学生是否达到教学大纲所规定的各项要求，考核学生运用各项基本技能的能力以及学生对语法结构和词语用法的掌握程度，既测试学生的综合能力，也测试学生的单项技能。
同时，也是评估教学质量，推动校际交流学习的一种手段。
高年级阶段统测（TEM8）本考试的目的是检查大纲的执行情况，特别是大纲所规定的八级水平所要达到的综合语言技能和交际能力，藉以促进大纲的进一步贯彻，提高教学质量。
三、考试性质基础阶段统测（TEM4）本考试属于尺度参照性标准化考试。
考试的范围包括基础阶段教学大纲所规定的一至四级除读音和说的技能以外的全部内容。
由于目前尚未具备口试的条件，暂且只进行笔试。
高年级阶段统测（TEM8）本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试的范围包括大纲所规定的听、读、写、译四个方面的技能。
由于大规模口试的条件目前尚不具备，所以有关“说”的技能暂缓测试。
四、报名资格参加基础阶段统测（TEM4）的报名对象为：（1）经教育部备案或批准的高等院校中英语专业二年级本科生。
2019英语专四真题
2019英语专四真题对于许多英语专业的学生来说，英语专业四级考试（TEM4）是学习过程中的一个重要关卡。
2019 年的英语专四真题，如同以往的每一年，既考查了学生的基础知识，又检验了他们在实际语境中的运用能力。
在听力部分，2019 年的真题涵盖了多种场景和话题。
从日常生活中的交流到学术讲座，题目要求学生能够迅速捕捉关键信息，理解说话者的意图和态度。
这不仅需要良好的听力技巧，更需要对各种英语口音和语速的适应能力。
例如，其中有一段关于校园活动的对话，学生需要在短时间内分辨出不同人物的观点和计划，这对于注意力的集中和信息的筛选是个不小的挑战。
阅读理解部分，文章的题材丰富多样，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文艺术等。
题目形式既有细节理解题，也有主旨大意题和推理判断题。
其中一篇关于环境保护的文章，探讨了当下热门的可持续发展问题，要求学生不仅能够读懂文章表面的意思，还要深入理解作者的观点，并能够将其与自己的知识储备相结合，做出正确的判断。
语法与词汇部分一直是专四考试的基础重点。
2019 年的真题在这方面没有丝毫放松，考查了各类语法点，如时态、语态、虚拟语气等，同时也对词汇的理解和运用进行了严格的测试。
学生不仅要知道单词的意思，还需要掌握其常见的搭配和用法，才能在这一部分取得较好的成绩。
写作部分，题目通常具有一定的开放性，鼓励学生发表自己的观点。
比如，当年可能会要求学生就“社交媒体对人际关系的影响”这一话题展开论述。
这需要学生具备清晰的逻辑思维，能够有条理地组织自己的观点，并用恰当的语言表达出来。
在写作过程中，语法错误要尽量避免，同时要注意段落的划分和过渡，以使文章结构严谨，层次分明。
翻译部分则是对学生中英语言转换能力的考验。
真题可能会涉及到中国传统文化、社会现象等内容，要求学生在准确理解原文的基础上，用流畅自然的英语表达出来。
这既需要扎实的语言功底，又需要对中英文化差异有一定的了解。
回顾 2019 年的英语专四真题，我们可以发现，它全面而系统地考查了学生的英语综合能力。
2019年TEM-4写作真题及范文
PART VI WRITINGRead carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:1), summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2) comment on Brewer's view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.材料：How much screen time is too much for kids?Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it's the nature of it that matters.For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that it's not so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of “digital nutrition”, likens media diets to what's on our plates: rather than counting calories (or screen time), the ink about what you're eating.“It's not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life," says Brewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching or browsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Intuited and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children's well- being. The study's lead author Dr Andrew Pryzbylskisaid: Our findings suggest the broader family context, how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they’re actively engaged in exploring the digital world together, are more important than the raw screen time. "“The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful- -and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child's behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids is spending with screens,”says Brewer. “Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they are watching, playing and reading is high- quality, age -appropriate and safe -and joining in wherever possible.”范文1：By providing concrete facts and concrete statistics, the article mainly discusses the issue of media consumption in the children's everyday life. The author holds the opinion that the nature of the screen time is one of the major factors. As is illustrated in the remark of Mr. Jocelyn Brewer in the essay, the time that a child spends on his electronic devices is not detrimental to his normal life. In accordance with the children's behavior and character, parents can join with their children, rather than imp osing a limit on their screen time. Personally, I strongly agree with Mr. Brewer’s view, as can be seen in the following paragraphs. (108)There’s no denying the fact that many young people spend a large amount of spare time on the smart phones and Ipads. In view of their healthy living habit and academic performance, it is advisable that the parents restrict their children’s access to these high-tech devices. This statement does have an element of truth at the first glimpse. But it must be pointed out that it is not a viable option nowadays. For one thing, in the contemporary society, modern telecommunication devices are not only important, but also indispensable in the daily life of many young people. So it is realistic to absolutely forbid them from using them. For another thing, by influencing their children’s behavioral and thinking pattern, the parents can teach their sons and daughters to keep self-control and self-discipline. As a result of the parents’ active participation, it is possible that the children form a good living habit, and thenimprove their overall qualities. When this situation continues, the children will benefit tremendously from the media consumption, rather than reducing their on-line time.(176)In a world well connected with Internet and cell phones, it is recommended that the parents teach their children how to overcome network addiction, instead of strictly prohibiting them from using these devices. This conclusion is somewhat traditional, but it is at least rational and realistic. (46)范文2：Both the Length and Nature of Screen Time Should Be Taken Seriously Experts have been sounding the alarm in recent years over digital device addiction and its impact on children's development and learning, which convinces parents of the need to limit screen time for their children. However, the psychologist Jocelyn Brewer and Dr Andrew Pryzbylski tend to believe that the nature of screen time matters more than its length. Personally, I insist that while focusing on the nature of screen time, it is also crucial to properly control children's screen time. (78)There is no denying that if parents join in kids to effectively make use of screen time, it will be beneficial to children's growth and the enhancement of parent-child relationship. Therefore, for those parents and caregivers who view video games and television as a handy “babysitter”, it's time to attach more importance to the nature of screen time. Meanwhile, considering that most children lack self-control, it is also necessary for parents to limit their screen time. For one thing, screen time is a sedentary activity, meaning you are physically inactive while sitting in front of the screen. Being addicted to staring at the screen will certainly do harm to your health. For another, spending too much time online not only leads to loss of interest in other activities, but also interferes with the development of skills such as social interaction, conflict resolution, non-verbal and verbal communication.(146)Therefore, it is important for parents to keep their children in a balance between online and offline worlds, and both the length and nature of screen time should be taken into account. (31)。
专业四八级：英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]-专业四八级 (1)
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专业四八级：英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]-专业四八级英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]听力Part Ⅲ LISTENING COMPREHENSION［20 MIN.］In Sections A, B and C, you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear nine statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.1. The speaker likes teaching because of ___.A. its interesting natureB. the good salariesC. contact with the youngD. more summer holidays2. What does the speaker mean?A. Bad living conditions are due to the poor city.B. Bad planning is responsible for poor living conditions.C. Living conditions are bad because the city is too big.D. Small cities have better living conditions than large ones.3. What does the statement mean?A. Many people are concerned about their security.B. Social security bears no relation to population.C. Most social security problems are caused by a few people.D. Too many people may result in social security problems.4. Passengers must check in to board Flight 998 by ___.A. 10:30 a.mB. 10:00 a.mC. 11:30 a.mD. 11:00 a.m5. The speaker is probably a(n) ___.A. insurance agentB. firemanC. salesmanD. policeman6. The speaker thinks that___.A. Ian achieved a lot as an athleteB. Ian’s blind eye prevented hi m from athleticsC. Ian’s success depended on his childhood experienceD. Ian trained so hard in athletics as to lose one eye7. Mrs. Clark is worried about her___.A. husband’s healthB. husband’s workC. husband’s illnessD. own health8. The relationship between Susan and Jenny is ___.A. neutralB. friendlyC. unclear D strained9. What do we learn about Jack?A. He is well-known for hard work.B. He is pretty busy working.C. He has overworked and hurt his sight.D. He doesn’t like to have dinner with us.SECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.10. What are they mainly talking about?A. Graduation date.B. Vacation plans.C. School courses.D. Job hunting.11. The conversation probably takes place in___.A. a libraryB. a bookstoreC. the classroomD. a department store12. The relationship between the two speakers is probably___.A. man and wifeB. lawyer and clientC. customer and waitressD. colleagues13. We can infer from the conversation that the man is a(n) ___.A. plumberB. construction workerC. office boyD. porter14. What will the man probably do next?A. Turn off the tape recorder.B. Turn up the tape recorder.C. Call the doctor.D. Continue to play.15. How does Lisa feel about her work?A. Satisfied.B. Frustrated.C. Annoyed.D. Confident.16. The woman is going to the___.A. libraryB. theatreC. research instituteD. laboratory17. Jackson changed his job because he ___.A. hurt himself during his workB. was not satisfied with his playC .wanted to work harderD. found the job too hard18. What does the woman say about the film?A. It is hard to pronounce the name.B. It is not going to be well received.C. She has temporarily forgotten its name.D. She has never heard of the name.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 19 and 20 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer thequestion.Now listen to the news.19. Nigeria returned to the Commonwealth after ___.A. she had sentenced minority rights activists to deathB. the military had resumed control of the countryC. power had been handed over to an elected presidentD. she had negotiated with Common[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]wealth leaders20. The Commonwealth consists of ___countries which were former British colonies.A. 54B. 29C. 9D. 95Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.21. The space shuttle Discovery completed a ___mission upon to the Kennedy Space Centre.A. 11-dayB. 94-dayC. 10-dayD. 49-day22. When the spacecraft was going to land, ___.A. it produced a lot of noiseB. there were scattered showersC. people could see it high in the skyD. people could neither see nor hear itQuestions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 second to answer the question. Now listen to the news.23. How many people died during the collision?A Two.B Eighteen. C. Three. D. Five.24. Three Albanians were arrested for___.A. attacking the patrol boatB. smuggling in refugeesC. causing the accidentD. injuring refugeesQuestion 25 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.25. The news item is mainly about___.A. efforts to salvage Sun VistaB. negotiation with the ship’s ownerC. threats Sun Vista poses to passing shipsD. a newspa per’s comment on Sun Vista完型填空Part Ⅳ CLOZE［15 MIN.］Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge ofhis source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual( 26 )and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization.This is, as it were, his professional equipment. ( 27 ) this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind,wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principlesof new developments. He should be willing to work ( 28 )is own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others ( 29 )his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding ( 30 )with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he isworking basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to ( 31 )rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another,since this ability is frequently ( 32 )of him in such work. Bearing in mind the natureof the translator’s work,i.e. the processing of the w ritten word, it is, strictly speaking, ( 33 )that he should be able to speak thelanguage he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage ( 34 ) a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can ( 35 )with. It is, ( 36 ),desirablethat he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciationof his source languages even if this is restricted to ( 37 )how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same ( 38 ) toan ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good;if he cannot, it does not ( 39 ). There are many other skills and ( 40 )that are desirable in a translator.26. A. application B. use C. utility D. usage27. A. More than B. Except for C. Because of D. In additionto28. A. of B. by C. for D. on29. A. should B. when C. because D. if30. A. familiariy B. acquaintance C. knowledge D.skill31. A. change B. transform C. turn D. switch32. A. lacked B. required C. faced D. confronted33. A. essential B. unnecessary C. advantageous D. useless34. A. over B. despite C. rather than D. instead35. A. deal B. concern C. work D. do away36. A.&n上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]bsp; however B. accordingly C. consequently D. thus37. A. knowing B. having known C. know D. have known38. A. refers B. comes C. applies D. amounts39. A. matter B. mind C. harm D. work40. A. characteristics B. qualities C. distinctions D. features选择Part ⅤGRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY［15 MIN.］There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Chooseone word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.41. I can’t go—for one thing, I have no money, and___I have too much work.A. what’s moreB. as wellC. for anotherD. in addition42. Even as a girl,___to be her life, and theater audiences were tobe her best teacher.A. performing by Melissa wereB. it was known that Melissa’s performances wereC. knowing that Melissa’s performances wereD. Melissa knew that performing was43. ___ him tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don’t call onC. Why not calling onD. Why not call on44. There is no doubt ___the company has made the right decision on the sales project.A. whyB. thatC.whether D. when45. Intellect is to the mind ___sight is to the body.A. whatB. asC.that D.like46. ___I symp athize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.A. As long asB. AsC.While D. Even47. The patient’s progress was very encouraging as he could ___ get out of bed without help.A. nearlyB. hardlyC.merely D. barely48. He was___to tell the truth even to his closest friend.A. too much of a cowardB. too much the cowardC. a coward enoughD. enough of a coward49. Barry had an advantage over his mother ___he could speak French.A. since thatB. in thatC. at thatD. so that50. You needn’t worry ___ regards the cost of the operation.A. withB. whichC. asD. about51. ___ is not a serious disadvantage in life.A. To be not tallB. Not to be tallC. Being nottall D. Not being tall52. During the famine, many people were ___ to going without foodfor days.A. sunkB. reducedC. forcedD. declined53. The computer can be programmed to ___a whole variety oftasks.A. assignB. tackleC.realize D. solve54. The team’s efforts to score were ___by the opposing goalkeeper.A. frustratedB. preventedC.discouraged D. accomplished55. I only know the man by___ but I have never spoken to him.A. chanceB. heartC. sightD. experience56. Being colour-blind, Sally can’t make a ___between red and green.A. differenceB. distinctionC.comparison D. division57. You must insist that students上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]give a truthful answer ___ with the reality of their world.A. relevantB. simultaneousC.consistent D. practical58. In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to ___with some of her most treasured possessions.A. divideB. separateC. partD. abandon.59. The car was in good working ___when I bought it a few monthsagoA. orderB. formC.state D. circumstance60. The customer expressed her ___for that broad hat.A. disapprovalB. distasteC.dissatisfaction D. dismay61. In order to repair barns, build fence, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed be___.A. restlessB. skilledC.strong D. versatile62. His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in___to his income.A. comparisonB. proportionC.association D. calculation63. Although he has become rich, he is still very ___ of his money.A. economicB. thriftyC.frugal D. careful64. As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to___the weekly staff meeting.A. presideB. introduceC.chair D. dominate65. The ___ of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.A. originB. generationC.descent D. cause阅读 APart Ⅵ READING COMPR EHENSION ［30 MIN.］SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT AThe train clattered over points and passed through a station.Then it began suddenly to slow down, presumably in obedience to a signal. For some minutes it crawled along, then stopped; presently it began to move forward again. Another up-train passed them, though with less vehemence than the first one. The train gathered speed again. At that moment another train, also on a down-line, swerved inwards towards them, for a moment with almost alarming effect. For a time the two trains ran parallel, now, one gaining a little, now the other. Mrs. McGillicuddy looked from her window through the window of the parallelcarriages. Most of the blinds were down, but occasionally the occupants of the carriages were visible. The other train was not very full and there were many empty carriages.At the moment when the two trains gave the illusion of being stationary, ablind in one of the carriages flew up with a snap. Mrs. McGillicuddy looked intothe lighted first-class carriage that was only a few feet away.Then she drew her breath in with a gasp and half-rose to her feet.Standing with his back to the window and to her was a man. His hands were round the throat of a woman who faced him, and he was slowly, remorselessly, strangling her. Her eyes were starting from their sockets, her face was purple. As Mrs. McGillicuddy watched, fascinated, the end came; the body went limp and crumpled in the man’s hands.At the same moment, Mrs. McGillicuddy’s train slowed down again and the other began to gain speed. It passed forward and a moment or two later it had vanished from sight.Almost automatically Mrs. McGillicuddy’s hand went up tothe communicationcord, then paused, irresolute. After all, what use would it be ringing the cord of the train in which she was travelling? The horror of what she had seen at such close quarters, and the unusual circumstances, made her feel paralysed. Some immediate action was necessary,—but what?The door上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]of her compartment was drawn back and a ticket collector said, “Ticket, please.”66. When Mrs. McGuillicuddy’s train passed through a station,it___.A. gained speed suddenly B. kept its usual speed C. changed its speed D. stopped immediately67. Mrs. McGuillicuddy seems to be a (an) ___ person.A. observantB. interestedC.nosy D. nervous68. What she saw in the parallel train made her feel___.A. excitedB. anxiousC.worried D. horrified69. She didn’t ring the communicat ion cord immediatelybecause___.A. she was very much afraidB. there was no point of doing soC. she was too shocked to moveD. the ticket collector came inTEXT BI am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren’t for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the county. But how realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when youlive fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of fiats. Children become aggressive and nervous - cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don’t even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There’s little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to goon an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for thecountry is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off: the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things, and that life doesn’t come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the “quiet life” by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind—they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals as they pass by. I’m keen on the idea, but you see there’s my cat, Toby. I’m not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty malesdown the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.70. We get the impression from the first paragraph that theauthor___.A. used to live in the countryB. used to work in the cityC. works in the cityD. lives in the country71. In the author’s opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT___.A. a strong sense of fearB. lack of communicationC. housing conditionsD. a sense of isolation72. The passage implies that it is easy to buy’ the following things in the country EXCEPT___A. daily necessitiesB. fresh fruitsC. designerclothes D. fresh vegetables73. According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes tho上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]se people who work in large cities and live in villages?A. Original.B. Quiet.C. Arrogant.D. Insensitive.74. Do you think the author will move to the country?A. Yes, he will do so.B. No, he will not do so.C. It is difficult to tell.D. He is in two minds.TEXT CTraditionally, the woman has held a low position in marriage partnerships. While her husband went his way, she had to wash, stitch and sew. Today the move is to liberate the woman, which may in the end strengthen the marriage union.Perhaps the greatest obstacle to friendship in marriage is the amount a couple usually see of each other. Friendship in its usual sense is not tested by the strain of daily, year-long cohabitation. Couples need to take up separate interests (and friendship) as well as mutually shared ones, if they are not to get used to the more attractive elements of each other’spersonalities.Married couples are likely to exert themselves for guests - being amusing,discussing with passion and point — and then to fall into dull exhausted silence when the guests have gone.As in all friendship, a husband and wife must try tointerest each other, and to spend sufficient time sharing absorbing activities to give them continuing common interests. But at the same time they must spend enough time on separateinterests with separate people to preserve and develop their separate personalities and keep their relationship fresh.For too many highly intelligent working women, home represents chore obligations, because the husband only tolerates her work and does not participate in household chores. For too manyhighly intelligent working men, home represents dullness and complaints - from an over-dependent wife who will not gather courageto make her own life.In such an atmosphere, the partners grow further and further apart, both love and liking disappearing. For too many couples with children, the children are allowed to command all time and attention, allowing the couple no time to develop liking and friendship, as well as love, allotting them exclusive parental roles.75. According to the passage, which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Friendship in marriage means daily, year-long cohabitation.B. Friendship can be kept fresh by both separate and shared interests.C. Friendship in marriage is based on developing similar interests.D. Friendship in marriage is based on developing separate interest.76. The passage suggests that married couples become___.A. unfriendly with guestsB. uninterested in guestsC. hostile when guests have leftD. quiet when guest have left77. The passage seems to indicate at the end that children___.A. help couples reinforce their friendshipB. make no impact on the quality of friendshipC. may pose obstacles in marital friendshipD. command less time and care than expectedTEXT DSending a child to school in England is a step which many parents do not find easy to take. In theory, at least, the problem is that there are very many choices to make. Let us try to list some of the alternatives between which parents are forced to decide. To begin with, they may ask themselves whether they would like their child to go to a single-sex school or a co-educational school. They may also consider whether he should go to a school which is connected to a particular church or religious group, or whether the school should have no such connections. Another decision is Whether the school should be one of the vast majority financed by the State or one of the very small but influential minority of private schools, though this choice is, of course, only available to the small number of those who can pay. Also connected with the question of money is whether the child should go to a boarding school or live at home. Then there is the question of what the child should do at school. Should it be a school whose curriculum lays emphasis, for instance, on necessary skills, such as reading, writing and mathematics, or one which pays more attention to develo ping the child’s personality, morally, emotionally and socially. Finally, with dissatisfaction withconventional education as great as it is in some circles in England and certainly in the USA, the question might even arise in the parents’ minds as to whet her the child should be compelled to go to school at all. Although in practice, some parents may not think twice about any of these choices and send their child to th上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]e only school available in the immediate neighbourhood, any parent who is interested enough can insist that as many choices as possible be made open to him, and the system is theoretically supposed to provide them.78. Parents find choosing a school hard because___.A. there is a limited number of choicesB. some schools are very expensiveC. some schools are government schoolsD. they are faced with a variety of offers79. According to the passage, some parents, if allowed, might let their children stay at home because they___.A. don’t find conventional education satisfactoryB. don’t know how to choose among different schoolsC. intend to educate their children themselvesD. find conventional education too expensive to pay for80. What is implied at the very end of the passage ?A. Most parents are unconcerned about the choices available to them.B. Interested parents can request more school choices be open to them.C. The educational system may not provide as many choices as expected.D. Most parents usually send their children to the schools nearby.阅读 BSECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ［5 MIN.］In this section there are seven passages with a total of ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers.TEXT EFirst read the following question.81. The main purpose of the passage is to___.A. warn people of pickpockets.B. tell people what to wear.C. describe how to catch thieves.D. explain how to contact the police.Now, go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 81.Pickpockets operate in crowded places in the hope of getting easy picking s. Don’t make it easy for them. Keep wallets, purses and other valuables out of sight. If wearing a jacket, an inside pocket is the best place to use. If not, your possessions are safest in a pocket with a button-down flap.Please co-operate with the police by reporting any crime or suspicious activity immediately, either by dialling 110 or calling at your nearest police station.TEXT FFirst read the following question.82. The main topic of the passage is ___.A. agricultural productsB. irrigation methodsC. natural resourcesD. water shortagesIt is widely accepted that China is a country faced with severe water shortages. Insufficient water resources have slowed agricultural development. And tomake matters worse, some of the traditional Chinese irrigation methods have wasted an astonishing amount of water.In China today, the utilization efficiency of farming water is about 30-40 per cent. This figure stands in sharp contrast to developed countries’ utilization average of 70-80 per cent. The low utilization efficiency has resulted from the adoption of some traditional Chinese irrigation methods.Only by using modern irrigation methods can we reduce water shortage in agriculture.One of the advantages of modern irrigation methods is that they alone can save 20-30 per cent of the present volume of wasted irrigation water.TEXT GFirst read the following question.83. The letter is about___.A. cities in South-east AsiaB. holiday greetingsC. sightseeingD. travel plansMay 5th 2002Dear Mark,Hello again! Here are my holiday plans. I’ll leave on a tour of South-east Asia in August and will arrive in Singapore in September. Hope we’ll be able tomeet there. These are my travel plans:August 28th London-TokyoSeptember 1st Tokyo-BangkokSeptember 4th Bangkok-SingaporeSeptember 7th Singapore-ManilaSeptember 9上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]th Manila-LondonLooking forward to seeing you again.Best wishesChristopherTEXT HFirst read the following question.84. Who will read the following excerpt from a pamphlet?。
2019年专业英语四级考试真题
2019年专业英语四级考试真题PART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Writer.B.Wells.C.Writer Wells.D.Susan Writer Wells.2. A. She was a career woman.B.She was then a feminist.C.She didn’t like her maiden name.D.She took her husband’s surname.3. A. She named herself after her profession.B.She named herself after her home town.C.She named herself after a day of the week.D.She named herself after the sculptor.4. A. It gives women greater equality.B.It is a good solution to an old problem.C.The problem troubling feminists still remainsD.The surname problem has partly been solved.5. A. History of surnames in America.B.Feminist movement in the 1960s.C.Traditional surnames in Europe.D.Reasons for inventing surnames.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A reporter from a weekly program.B.An executive director from a company.C. A guest on a weekly program.D. A magazine editor from San Diego.7. A. To prepare a list of things that you have done.B.To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.C.To let everybody know your achievement.D.To shamelessly promote yourself to yourself to your boss.8. A. Because the boss has the data on your work.B.Because you will be given more work to do.C.Because it is unprofessional to do so.D.Because others may lose trust in you.9. A. We could earn praise from our boss.B.We may forget the good things we’ve done.C.Things change quickly in work situations.D.The boss will review our performance data.10.A. Websites.B.Radio programs.C.Research reports.ernment documents.PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answer the question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural patternof organization than ________.A.will other types of writingB.do other types of writingC.on other types of writingD.other types of writing12.________ the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A.If it not had been forB.If had it not been forC.Had it not been forD.Had not it been for13.Members of the Parliament were poised ________ ahead with a bill to approve construction ofthe oil pipeline.A.to moveB.movingC.to movingD.at moving14.Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinionsthat otherwise________ abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A.may remainB.could remainC.must have remainedD.might have remained15.Protocol was ________ enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.that16.The woman had persuaded him to do ________ he was hired never to do — reveal the combinationfor the lock on the entrance.A.one thingB.such one thingC.any one thingD.the one thing17.The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ________ he choose to be.A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.must18.“It not us, who? If not now, when?” These two questions are used as a ________.A.sign of angerB.call for cationC.refusal to changeD.denial of commitment19.What is the function of the present progressive in “They are always calling me by the wrongname”?A.To express unfavorable feelings.B.To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C.To indicate uncertainty.D.To dramatize a fact.20.“Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach.”The relative clause in the sentence serves to ________.A.supply additional information about LondonB.describe the antecedent “London”C.put restriction on the identity of HarryD.narrate a sequential action taken by Harry21.A group ________ casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A.opposed toB.objected toC.posed againstD.protested against22.After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical ________understand each other’s behavior and cultures.A.facultyB.personsC.membersD.personnel23.The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many ________ feelingsand so much misunderstandings in international communication.A.injuriousB.injuredC.injuringD.injury24.To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the ________Constitution does not give you the right to falsely ________ “Fire!” in a crowded theater.A.yelpB.yankC.yellD.yield25.The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy thatis ________to any environment.A.adoptableB.amendableC.alterableD.adaptable26.Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has nosecond________ about how he went about his business.A.thoughtsB.opinionsC.concernsD.reasons27.Electronic cigarettes should be subject ________ the same taxes and limitations on publicuse as traditional tobacco products.A.aboutB.atC.toD.on28.FC Barcelona, ________ the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 toclaim the UEFA Champions League title.A.controversiallyB.arguablyC.debatablyD.finally29.The store sells liquid vitamins ________ designed for children under 3.A.explicitlyB.speciallyC.speculativelyD.specifically30.The three law ________ officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger whowas allegedly trying to kill herself.A.enforcementB.reinforcementC.impositionD.coercionPART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. daydreamB. disagreementC. factuallyD. ifE. inevitableF. inseparable G. lays H. making I.perspective J. residesK. that L. thinking M. thoughtfully N.ultimately O. wakeTo some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church’s power in Europe ________(31) television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the ________(32) result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This_________(33) accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change; technology’s influence is ________(34) determined by how much powerit is given by the people and cultures that use it.This ________(35) about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the ________(36) of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be of our ________(37) and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power ________(38) in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and ________(39) to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, “Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have a thought or ________(40), to imagine something wonderful.”PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)L ife can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest — able to smell out the best meat.”And if you can’t find work,don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2)That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries,according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3)T heir results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4)The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5)N one of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.41.Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.A.inadequate skills of immigrantsB.imperfect labor marketsC.low wages for localsD.the design of the welfare system42.Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?A.People who have legal status.B.People who run businesses.C.People who receive state benefits.D.People who are willing to earn less.43.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude toward immigrant is ________.A.cautiously favorableB.slightly negativeC.strongly negativeD.quite ambiguousPASSAGE TWO(1)There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye. Although slow gestures, and unsure of step the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.(2)I t was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall’s concourse as a river of humanity.(3)T he elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.(4)The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.(5)Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me soI could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passedaway the previous Christmas.(6)As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.(7)We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.(8)I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier.(9)As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.(10)“Is that your mom?” I asked.(11)I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.(12)Still watching the mother, I said, “Mind some advice?”(13)“Sure,” said the daughter.(14)I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s the little moments that’ll come back to you. Moments like this. I know.”(15)I t was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life miserable.(16)The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter’s custody. Together they made their way toward the store’s exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.44.What does “she had a job to do” (Para. 1) mean according to the context?A.She had a regular job in the store.B.She wanted to ask for help.C.She wanted to buy a DVD.D.She was thinking of what to buy.45.What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A.The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B.The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C.The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D.The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.46.In the passage the elderly woman’s daughter is described as being ________.A.impoliteB.uncaringC.naiveD.miserly47.While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ________.A.hesitantB.indifferentC.frustratedD.patientPASSAGE THREE(1)R eading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people’s emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or “popular” fiction, the mystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.(2)E xperts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives.(3)“Reading literary fiction isn’t just for passing the time. It’s not just an escape,”said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily lives.(4)O atley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people’s empathy for others. His team has found thatthose who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.(5)B ut, the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy —empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some “cause-and-effect” evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.(6)I t was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “It’s not like taking people from a (grade) ‘C’ to an ‘A’,” he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to chance.(7)“Literary” fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included “The Round House”, by Louise Erdrich, “Salvage the Bones”, by Jesmyn Ward and the short story “Corrie” by Alice Munro. And “popular” fiction included best-sellers like “Gone Girl” by Gillian Flynn, and Danielle Steel’s “The Sins of the Mother”.(8)What’s so special about literary fiction? “For one, it’s usually more focused on characters than on plot,” Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said, there is usually no single “authoritative narrator” who takes us through the story. “It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in the gaps. You really have to think about the characters,” Kidd said.(9)O atley agreed. “Alice Munro doesn’t tell you what to think,” he said. “You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that’s often what we’re doing in our real-life conversations.” Or at least that’s what people could do.(10)R eading literary fiction could also offer a way to “practice” your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher not involved in the study. “It’s like how pilots train in a flight simulator,” said Raymond Mar, an associate professor ofpsychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley. “This is a great study,” Mar said of the new study. But he added that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and one key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.(11)Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study, Mar’s study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it’s possible that there is something else about romance-novel readers that makes them more understanding of others.(12)S till, according to Mar, it’s too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at least if the goal is boosting empathy.(13)I t’s also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd. But reading may be special, he said, because it provides no visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.(14)E veryone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical,” Mar said. “But there’s a growing body of evidence that it’s important in skills that we need in our lives.”48.According to the new study, what kind of books are likely to help people better understandothers’ feelings?A.Science fiction.B.Romance novels.C.Literary fiction.D.Nonfiction.49.Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage?A.Oatley and his colleagues were involved in the new study.B.Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.C.Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.D.Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.50.Which of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction?A.Presence of an authoritative narrator.B.More focus on character description.C.Demand on readers’ ability to infer.D.Presence of readers’ empathetic feelings.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE51. What does the statement “…, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.” mean? (Para. 1)PASSAGE TWO52.Why did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it forher?53.What does the last sentence in Para. 16 imply about the daughter’s attitude towards her mother?PASSAGE THREE54.What are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage?55.Why is reading special when compared with plays and movies?PART VI WRITINGRead carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:1)summarize the main message of the report, and then2)comment on Brewer’s view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.How much screen time is too much for kids?Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it’s the nature of it that matters.For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear thatrecent research suggests that it’s not so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of “digital nutrition”, likens media diets to what’s on our plates: rather than counting calories (or screen time), think about what you’re eating.“It’s not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life,” says Brewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching or browsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children’s well-being. The study’s lead author Dr Andrew Pryzbylski said: “Our findings suggest the broader family context how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they’re actively engaged in exploring the digital world together, are more important than the raw screen time.”“The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful — and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child’s behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens,” says Brewer. “Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they’re watching, playing and reading is high-quality, age-appropriate and safe — and joining in wherever possible.”。
2019年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2019年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE 4. CLOZE 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITINGPART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.听力原文：SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / because of a number of drawbacks. / They go out of date quickly / and become tiresome if used too much. / And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others. / In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.1．Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more. Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided. Now, listen to the passage. SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful.______ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ _____正确答案：SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / because of a number of drawbacks. / They go out of date quickly / and become tiresome if used too much. / And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others. / In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.解析：由标题和首句可知，短文围绕语言中的“俚语”这一主题展开。
2019年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2019年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE USAGE 4. TRANSLATION 5. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Body Language and Mind Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I’d like to focus on how our body language reveals who we are. We’re really fascinated with body language and particularly interested in other people’s body language. You know, we’re sometimes interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybe a very awkward wink or handshake. So what kind of body language am I talking about? [1] I’m interested in power dynamics, that is, the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance. And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they are.[2] In the animal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about expanding. So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space, and you’re basically opening up. And, and humans do the same thing. So they do this when they’re feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because it really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example, when athletes cross the finish line and they’ve won, it doesn’t matter if they’ve never seen anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightly lifted. [3] But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite. We close up. We make ourselves small. We don’t want to bump into the person next to us. And this is what happens when you put together high and low power. [4] So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement the other’s nonverbals. What I mean is if someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to make ourselves smaller. We don’t mirror them. We do the opposite. I’m watching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed? [5] I noticed that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power non verbals. They get right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to occupy space. When they sit down, they’re sort of spread out. They raise their hands high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. As soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their faces and their bodies, and they sit with their chairs and they make themselves tiny, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I also noticed another interesting thing about this. [6]It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men. I mean, women are more likely to make themselves small. Women feel chronically less powerful than men, so this is not surprising. The second question concerns our minds. [7] We know that our minds change our bodies, but is it also true that our bodies change our minds? And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what do I mean? I’m talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological things that make up our thoughts and feelings, and in my case, that’s hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? [8] Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, more assertive and more confident, more optimistic. They actually feel that they’re going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. They take more risks. [9] So there are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people. Physiologically, there are also differences on two key hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is stress hormone. What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and low stress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is also about how you react to stress. Once, we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run that little experiment. These people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses or low-power poses. We for two minutes say, “You need to do this or this. “And we also want them to be feeling power. [10] So after two minutes, we will ask them, “How powerful do you feel?” on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble. Before and after the experiment, we take their samples of saliva for a hormone test. That’s the whole experiment. And this is what we have found. Risk tolerance, which is gambling, what we find is that when you’re in the high-power pose condition, 86% of you will gamble. When you’re in the low-power pose condition, it’s down to only 60% , and that’s a pretty significant difference. [11] Here’s what we find on dominance hormone. From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20% increase, and low-power people experience about a 10% decrease. So again, two minutes, and you get these changes. [12] Concerning stress hormone, high-power people experience about a 25% decrease, and the low-power people experience about a 15% increase. [13] Once again, two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident, or really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And we’ve all had that feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about ourselves. Also, our bodies change our minds. So, power posing for a few minutes really changes your life in meaningful ways. [14] When I tell people about this, that our bodies change our minds and our minds can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our outcomes, they say to me, “I don’t believe that. It feels fake. “ Right? So I said, “Fake it till you make it. “ I’m going to leave you with this. Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation, for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this, in the elevator, or at your desk behind closed doors, and say to yourself, “That’s what I want to do. “ [15] Configure your brain to do the best in that situation. Get your dominance hormone up and get your stress hormone down. Don’t leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didn’t show them who I am. Leave thatsituation feeling like, oh, I really managed to say who I am and show who I am. To sum up, today, we talked about the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance and the strong effects of the change of behavior. I suggest you try power posing which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life. OK. Next time, we are going to discuss the social functions of body language.Body Language and Mind Introduction Body language reveals who we are. Nonverbal expressions of 【T1】______ 【T1】______ - feeling powerful: 【T2】______ 【T2】______ —e. g. athletes with arms up in a V sign - feeling powerless: 【T3】______ 【T3】______ —e. g. refusing to bump into the person nearby - people’s behavior tends to become 【T4】______ 【T4】______ in a high- and low-power situation. —people don’t mirror each other. - MBA students exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. —e. g. students with power have strong desire for 【T5】______. 【T5】______ - power nonverbals are also related to 【T6】______. 【T6】______ Relationship between 【T7】______ 【T7】______ - the powerful are more 【T8】______. 【T8】______ - hormones differ with 【T9】______. 【T9】______ - an experiment: —procedure: —adopting high- or low-power poses and completing items —being given 【T10】______ 【T10】______ —having saliva tested —results: —【T11】______: much higher with high-power people 【T11】______ —an increase in 【T12】______in low-power people 【T12】______ —hormonal changes: making brain 【T13】______ 【T13】______ Conclusion - Behavior can 【T14】______. 【T14】______ - Before getting into stressful situations —get your brain ready to 【T15】______ 【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：power and dominance解析：细节辨认题。
2019年英语专四试题及答案
【导语】2019年英语专四考试将于4⽉20⽇举⾏，英语专四频道将在考后发布2019年英语专四试题及答案，考⽣可随时关注，在此⼩编预祝⼴⼤考⽣在此次考试中取得优异的成绩。
考试时间
2019英语专四考试时间为4⽉20⽇。
考试共有六个部分：写作、听写、听⼒理解、完形填空、语法及词汇、阅读理解。
前两部分需时60分钟。
后四部分需时80分钟，整个考试需时140分钟。
专业四级考试题型如下表：
序号题号各部分名称题型题数计分⽐重考试时间（分钟）
Ⅰ听写主观题11515%15
Ⅱ1-30听⼒理解
A 对话
B 短⽂
C 新闻
客观题
客观题
客观题
10
10
10
3015%20
Ⅲ31-50完形填空客观题202010 %15Ⅳ51-80语法与词汇客观题303015%15Ⅴ81-100阅读理解客观题202020%25
Ⅵ写作
A 作⽂
B 便条
主观题
主观题
1
1
15
10
15%
10%
35
10
合计100103140100135。
2019英语专四真题
2019英语专四真题对于英语专业的学生来说，英语专业四级考试（TEM4）是一项重要的能力测试。
2019 年的英语专四真题无疑是检验学生英语综合水平的有力工具。
首先，让我们来看看听力部分。
听力理解一直是语言学习中的关键环节，在 2019 年的真题中体现得尤为明显。
其中，对话部分涵盖了日常生活、学习、工作等多种场景，话题丰富多样，如校园生活中的社团活动、学术讨论，以及职场中的工作安排等。
这要求考生不仅要有良好的听力技巧，还需对不同场景下的常用表达和词汇有足够的熟悉度。
短文听力部分，题材涉及文化、历史、科技等多个领域。
这部分不仅考查考生对细节的捕捉能力，更考验其对整体内容的理解和概括能力。
例如，有一篇关于某个古代文明的介绍，考生需要在短时间内理解并记住关键信息，如文明的特点、发展历程等。
在语法与词汇部分，真题覆盖了英语语法的各个重要知识点，包括时态、语态、虚拟语气、从句等。
词汇方面，既考查了常见词汇的精确用法，也涉及了一些较难、较生僻的词汇。
这就要求考生在平时的学习中，不仅要积累大量的词汇，还要深入理解词汇的用法和搭配。
阅读理解部分，文章类型包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。
题材广泛，有关于社会现象的探讨，如社交媒体对人际关系的影响；有关于科学研究的报道，如某项新的医学发现；还有关于文学作品的分析等。
这些文章不仅对考生的阅读速度提出了要求，更需要考生具备较强的分析和推理能力，能够理解作者的观点和意图，并对文中的细节和隐含信息进行准确把握。
写作部分通常要求考生根据给定的题目或材料，进行一篇有条理、有逻辑的短文写作。
在 2019 年的真题中，写作题目可能涉及社会热点话题、个人成长经历或者学术观点的阐述等。
考生需要在规定的时间内，清晰地表达自己的观点，运用恰当的论据进行支持，并保证语言准确、流畅。
对于准备参加英语专四考试的同学来说，研究 2019 年的真题具有重要意义。
通过仔细分析真题，可以了解考试的题型、难度和命题规律，从而有针对性地进行复习和训练。
业英语四、八级考试
业英语四、八级考试英语四、八级考试，全称为全国高等学校英语专业四、八级考试（TEM-4、TEM-8），是由中国教育部高等教育司主办，全国高等学校英语专业教学测试办公室负责具体实施的英语水平测试。
该考试旨在评估全国高等教育英语教学成果，检测高校学生的英语应用能力。
以下是关于英语四、八级考试的详细介绍。
一、考试性质与目的1. 考试性质：英语四、八级考试是根据《大学英语教学大纲》的要求，对全国高校学生的英语水平进行检测和评价的标准化考试。
2. 考试目的：通过对学生英语听、说、读、写四项基本技能的测试，评价学生的英语综合应用能力，促进英语教学质量的提高。
二、考试内容与形式1. 考试内容：英语四、八级考试内容包括听力、阅读、写作、翻译四个部分。
（1）听力：考试时长约25分钟，包括短对话、长对话、短文理解和听写等题型。
（2）阅读：考试时长约40分钟，包括词汇理解、长篇阅读和信息匹配等题型。
（3）写作：考试时长约30分钟，包括一篇短文写作和一篇图表作文。
（4）翻译：考试时长约20分钟，包括汉译英和英译汉两个部分。
2. 考试形式：英语四、八级考试采用纸笔考试方式，所有题型都在一张试卷上完成。
三、考试时间与地点1. 考试时间：英语四、八级考试通常每年举行两次，分别为上半年的3月份和下半年的9月份。
具体考试时间请关注教育部高等教育司发布的考试通知。
2. 考试地点：考试地点一般设在各大高校校内或指定的考试中心，具体地点请参考考试通知。
四、考试报名与准备1. 考试报名：考生需在考试报名期间，通过所在学校或指定渠道进行报名。
报名时需填写个人信息并上传近期免冠照片。
2. 考试准备：考生在报名成功后，可根据考试大纲和样题进行复习。
此外，考生还可参加各类英语培训班，提高英语水平。
五、考试结果与使用1. 考试结果：英语四、八级考试结束后，成绩将在一个月内公布。
考生可通过所在学校或指定渠道查询成绩。
2. 考试成绩使用：英语四、八级考试成绩将作为高校学生英语水平的认证，对于毕业、学位授予、奖学金评定等方面具有参考价值。
专业英语四级八级考试介绍
专业英语四级八级考试介绍英语专业四、八级统测是为检测本科英语专业教学大纲执行情况而进行的本科教学考试。
一、报名资格参加本科专业英语四级统测报名对象为：（1）经教育部备案或批准的高等院校中英语专业二年级本科生。
（2）经教育部备案或批准的高等院校中修完英语专业基础阶段教学大纲规定课程的二、三年制最后一学年的大专生。
（3）教育部备案或批准有学历的成人高等教育学院中四年制即脱产学习的英语专业（第二学年）本科生；五年制即不脱产学习的、修完英语专业基础阶段教学大纲规定课程（第三学年）的本科生。
不脱产的三年制大专生，必须在第三学年时方可报名参加专业英语四级测试。
（4）重点外语类院校中，非英语专业的本科生中当年参加英语六级考试且成绩在60分以上，可参加当年专业英语四级考试。
（5）参加四级测试的考生只有一次补考机会。
参加本科专业英语八级统测报名对象为：（1）经教育部备案或批准的高等院校中英语专业四年级本科生。
（2）经教育部批准有学历的成人高等教育学院中完成四年制即脱产学习的英语专业（第四学年）本科生；五年制即不脱产学习英语专业（第五学年）的本科生。
（3）非英语专业六级考试通过的学生可报名参加专业英语八级考试。
（4）参加八级测试的考生只有一次补考机会。
凡未通过基础阶段（TEM4）统测的考生，也可参加高年级阶段（TEM8）的统测。
英语专业的专生本学生因超出英语专业基础阶段（TEM4）统测规定的考试年限（祥见报名对象），一律不得参加英语专业基础阶段（TEM4）统测，但可在英语专业专生本学习的最后一学期参加高年级阶段（TEM8）统测；因各种原因未在规定的考试年限参加TEM4（第四学期）或TEM8（第八学期）统测的专业英语考生，不得以补考名义参加次年的TEM4或TEM8统测。
二、考试内容四级卷别序号题号各部分名称题型题数计分比重考试时间（分钟）试卷一 I 写作A作文主观题 1 15 15% 35B写便条主观题 1 5 5% 10II 听写主观题 1 15 15% 15试卷二 III 1-25 听力理解2515%20A陈述客观题 7-9B对话客观题 7-9C新闻客观题 7-9IV 26-40 完型填空客观题 15 15 10% 15V 41-65 语法及词汇客观题 25 25 15% 15VI66-80 阅读理解A阅读部分客观题151515%2581-90 B快速阅读客观题101010%5合计 90 90+3 125 100% 140八级听力包括听情景对话、长时间的交谈、英语广播、还有复合式听写。
2019年专业英语四级考试真题
2019年专业英语四级考试真题PART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Writer.B.Wells.C.Writer Wells.D.Susan Writer Wells.2. A. She was a career woman.B.She was then a feminist.C.She didn’t like her maiden name.D.She took her husband’s surname.3. A. She named herself after her profession.B.She named herself after her home town.C.She named herself after a day of the week.D.She named herself after the sculptor.4. A. It gives women greater equality.B.It is a good solution to an old problem.C.The problem troubling feminists still remainsD.The surname problem has partly been solved.5. A. History of surnames in America.B.Feminist movement in the 1960s.C.Traditional surnames in Europe.D.Reasons for inventing surnames.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A reporter from a weekly program.B.An executive director from a company.C. A guest on a weekly program.D. A magazine editor from San Diego.7. A. To prepare a list of things that you have done.B.To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.C.To let everybody know your achievement.D.To shamelessly promote yourself to yourself to your boss.8. A. Because the boss has the data on your work.B.Because you will be given more work to do.C.Because it is unprofessional to do so.D.Because others may lose trust in you.9. A. We could earn praise from our boss.B.We may forget the good things we’ve done.C.Things change quickly in work situations.D.The boss will review our performance data.10.A. Websites.B.Radio programs.C.Research reports.ernment documents.PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answer the question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural patternof organization than ________.A.will other types of writingB.do other types of writingC.on other types of writingD.other types of writing12.________ the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A.If it not had been forB.If had it not been forC.Had it not been forD.Had not it been for13.Members of the Parliament were poised ________ ahead with a bill to approve construction ofthe oil pipeline.A.to moveB.movingC.to movingD.at moving14.Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinionsthat otherwise________ abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A.may remainB.could remainC.must have remainedD.might have remained15.Protocol was ________ enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.that16.The woman had persuaded him to do ________ he was hired never to do — reveal the combinationfor the lock on the entrance.A.one thingB.such one thingC.any one thingD.the one thing17.The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ________ he choose to be.A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.must18.“It not us, who? If not now, when?” These two questions are used as a ________.A.sign of angerB.call for cationC.refusal to changeD.denial of commitment19.What is the function of the present progressive in “They are always calling me by the wrongname”?A.To express unfavorable feelings.B.To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C.To indicate uncertainty.D.To dramatize a fact.20.“Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach.”The relative clause in the sentence serves to ________.A.supply additional information about LondonB.describe the antecedent “London”C.put restriction on the identity of HarryD.narrate a sequential action taken by Harry21.A group ________ casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A.opposed toB.objected toC.posed againstD.protested against22.After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical ________understand each other’s behavior and cultures.A.facultyB.personsC.membersD.personnel23.The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many ________ feelingsand so much misunderstandings in international communication.A.injuriousB.injuredC.injuringD.injury24.To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the ________Constitution does not give you the right to falsely ________ “Fire!” in a crowded theater.A.yelpB.yankC.yellD.yield25.The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy thatis ________to any environment.A.adoptableB.amendableC.alterableD.adaptable26.Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has nosecond________ about how he went about his business.A.thoughtsB.opinionsC.concernsD.reasons27.Electronic cigarettes should be subject ________ the same taxes and limitations on publicuse as traditional tobacco products.A.aboutB.atC.toD.on28.FC Barcelona, ________ the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 toclaim the UEFA Champions League title.A.controversiallyB.arguablyC.debatablyD.finally29.The store sells liquid vitamins ________ designed for children under 3.A.explicitlyB.speciallyC.speculativelyD.specifically30.The three law ________ officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger whowas allegedly trying to kill herself.A.enforcementB.reinforcementC.impositionD.coercionPART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.To some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church’s power in Europe ________(31) television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the ________(32) result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This_________(33) accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change; technology’s influence is ________(34) determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This ________(35) about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the ________(36) of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? Ifwe are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be of our ________(37) and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power ________(38) in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and ________(39) to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, “Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have a thought or ________(40), to imagine something wonderful.”PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)L ife can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest — able to smell out the best meat.”And if you can’t find work,don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2)That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3)T heir results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4)The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5)N one of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.41.Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.A.inadequate skills of immigrantsB.imperfect labor marketsC.low wages for localsD.the design of the welfare system42.Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?A.People who have legal status.B.People who run businesses.C.People who receive state benefits.D.People who are willing to earn less.43.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude toward immigrant is ________.A.cautiously favorableB.slightly negativeC.strongly negativeD.quite ambiguousPASSAGE TWO(1)There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye. Although slow gestures, and unsure of step the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.(2)I t was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall’s concourse as a river of humanity.(3)T he elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.(4)The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.(5)Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me soI could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas.(6)As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.(7)We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it wasone she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.(8)I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier.(9)As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.(10)“Is that your mom?” I asked.(11)I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.(12)Still watching the mother, I said, “Mind some advice?”(13)“Sure,” said the daughter.(14)I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s the little moments that’ll come back to you. Moments like this. I know.”(15)I t was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life miserable.(16)The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter’s custody. Together they made their way toward the store’s exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.44.What does “she had a job to do” (Para. 1) mean according to the context?A.She had a regular job in the store.B.She wanted to ask for help.C.She wanted to buy a DVD.D.She was thinking of what to buy.45.What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A.The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B.The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C.The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D.The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.46.In the passage the elderly woman’s daughter is described as being ________.A.impoliteB.uncaringC.naiveD.miserly47.While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ________.A.hesitantB.indifferentC.frustratedD.patientPASSAGE THREE(1)R eading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people’s emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or “popular” fiction, the mystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.(2)E xperts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives.(3)“Reading literary fiction isn’t just for passing the time. It’s not just an escape,”said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily lives.(4)O atley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people’s empathy for others. His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.(5)B ut, the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy —empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some “cause-and-effect” evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mindin the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.(6)I t was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “It’s not like taking people from a (grade) ‘C’ to an ‘A’,” he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to chance.(7)“Literary” fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included “The Round House”, by Louise Erdrich, “Salvage the Bones”, by Jesmyn Ward and the short story “Corrie” by Alice Munro. And “popular” fiction included best-sellers like “Gone Girl” by Gillian Flynn, and Danielle Steel’s “The Sins of the Mother”.(8)What’s so special about literary fiction? “For one, it’s usually more focused on characters than on plot,” Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said, there is usually no single “authoritative narrator” who takes us through the story. “It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in the gaps. You really have to think about the characters,” Kidd said.(9)O atley agreed. “Alice Munro doesn’t tell you what to think,” he said. “You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that’s often what we’re doing in our real-life conversations.” Or at least that’s what people could do.(10)R eading literary fiction could also offer a way to “practice” your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher not involved in the study. “It’s like how pilots train in a flight simulator,” said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley. “This is a great study,” Mar said of the new study. But he added that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and one key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.(11)Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study, Mar’s study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it’s possible that there is something else about romance-novelreaders that makes them more understanding of others.(12)S till, according to Mar, it’s too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at least if the goal is boosting empathy.(13)I t’s also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd. But reading may be special, he said, because it provides no visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.(14)E veryone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical,” Mar said. “But there’s a growing body of evidence that it’s important in skills that we need in our lives.”48.According to the new study, what kind of books are likely to help people better understandothers’ feelings?A.Science fiction.B.Romance novels.C.Literary fiction.D.Nonfiction.49.Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage?A.Oatley and his colleagues were involved in the new study.B.Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.C.Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.D.Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.50.Which of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction?A.Presence of an authoritative narrator.B.More focus on character description.C.Demand on readers’ ability to infer.D.Presence of readers’ empathetic feelings.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE51. What does the statement “…, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.” mean? (Para. 1)PASSAGE TWO52.Why did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it forher?53.What does the last sentence in Para. 16 imply about the daughter’s attitude towards her mother?PASSAGE THREE54.What are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage?55.Why is reading special when compared with plays and movies?PART VI WRITINGRead carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:1)summarize the main message of the report, and then2)comment on Brewer’s view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.How much screen time is too much for kids?Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it’s the nature of it that matters.For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that it’s not so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of “digital nutrition”, likens media diets to what’s on our plates: rather than counting calories (or screen time), think about what you’re eating.“It’s not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life,” says Brewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching or browsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children’s well-being. The study’s lead author Dr Andrew Pryzbylski said: “Our findings suggest the broader family context how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they’re actively engaged in exploring the digital world together, are more important than the raw screen time.”“The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful — and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child’s behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens,” says Brewer. “Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they’re watching, playing and reading is high-quality, age-appropriate and safe — and joining in wherever possible.”。
2019年英语专业四级真题及答案解析
2019年英语专业四级真题及答案解析(1/1)PART I DICTATION第1题Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________下一题(2~11/共10题)PART ⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk.You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY.While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk.When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. Revision of Essay DraftsThe initial revision should focus on the essay as a whole.The first step:【T1】______【T1】______- the rough draft—containing too little or too much material—discussing things unrelated to【T2】______【T2】______- how to revise—provide【T3】______to convince your readers 【T3】______—eliminate unrelated materialThe second step: revise for organization- group similar ideas in the proper order- produce an outline from the draft to check【T4】______【T4】______The third step: revise for length- mind the stated length- stick to【T5】______【T5】______Revise for【T6】______of the essay 【T6】______-【T7】______by breaking up some longer sentences 【T7】______- use short sentences to make important points- use long sentences to【T8】______【T8】______- eliminate【T9】______expressions 【T9】______- use fresh and interesting descriptions- write with【T10】______as much as possible 【T10】______- write in the active voicePlay00:0005:14Volume第2题【T1】第3题【T2】第4题【T3】第5题【T4】第6题【T5】第7题【T6】第8题【T7】第9题【T8】第10题【T9】第11题【T10】上一题下一题(12~16/共10题)SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Play00:0003:51Volume第12题A.Writer.B.Wells.C.Writer Wells.D.Susan Writer Wells.第13题A.She was a career woman.B.She was then a feminist.C.She didn’t like he r maiden name.D.She took her husband’s surname.第14题A.She named herself after her profession.B.She named herself after her home town.C.She named herself after a day of the week.D.She named herself after the sculptor.第15题A.It gives women greater equality.B.It is a good solution to an old problem.C.The problem troubling feminists still remains.D.The surname problem has partly been solved.第16题A.History of surnames in America.B.Feminist movement in the 1960s.C.Traditional surnames in Europe.D.Reasons for inventing surnames.上一题下一题(17~21/共10题)SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Play00:0003:60Volume第17题A.A reporter from a weekly program.B.An executive director from a company.C.A guest on a weekly program.D.A magazine editor from San Diego.第18题A.To prepare a list of things that you have done.B.To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.C.To let everybody know your achievement.D.To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.第19题A.Because the boss has the data on your work.B.Because you will be given more work to do.C.Because it is unprofessional to do so.D.Because others may lose trust in you.第20题A.We could earn praise from our boss.B.We may forget the good things we’ve done.C.Things change quickly in work situations.D.The boss will review our performance data.第21题A.Websites.B.Radio programs.C.Research reports.ernment documents.上一题下一题(1/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第22题Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than______.A.will other types of writingB.do other types of writingC.on other types of writingD.other types of writing上一题下一题(2/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第23题______the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A.If it not had been forB.If had it not been forC.Had it not been forD.Had not it been for上一题下一题(3/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第24题Members of the Parliament were poised______ahead with a bill to approve construction of the oil pipeline.A.to moveB.movingC.to movingD.at moving上一题下一题(4/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第25题Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions that otherwise______abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A.may remainB.could remainC.must have remainedD.might have remained上一题下一题(5/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第26题Protocol was______enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.that上一题下一题(6/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第27题The woman had persuaded him to do______he was hired never to do—reveal the combination for the lock on the entrance.A.one thingB.such one thingC.any one thingD.the one thing上一题下一题(7/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第28题The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person______he choose to be.A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.must上一题下一题(8/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第29题"If not us, who? If not now, when?" These two questions are used as a______.A.sign of angerB.call for actionC.refusal to changeD.denial of commitment上一题下一题(9/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第30题What is the function of the present progressive in "They are always calling me by the wrong name"?A.To express unfavorable feelings.B.To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C.To indicate uncertainty.D.To dramatize a fact.上一题下一题(10/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第31题"Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach. " The relative clause in the sentence serves to______.A.supply additional information about LondonB.describe the antecedent "London"C.put restrictions on the identity of HarryD.narrate a sequential action taken by Harry上一题下一题(11/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第32题A group______casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A.opposed toB.objected toC.posed againstD.protested against上一题下一题(12/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第33题After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical______understand each other’s behavior and cultures.A.facultyB.personsC.membersD.personnel上一题下一题(13/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第34题The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many______feelings and so much misunderstanding in international communication.A.injuriousB.injuredC.injuringD.injury上一题下一题(14/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第35题To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the Constitution does not give you the right to falsely______" Fire!" in a crowded theater.A.yelpB.yankC.yellD.yield上一题下一题(15/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第36题The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is ______to any environment.A.adoptableB.amendableC.alterableD.adaptable上一题下一题(16/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第37题Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has nosecond______about how he went about his business.A.thoughtsB.opinionsC.concernsD.reasons上一题下一题(17/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第38题Electronic cigarettes should be subject______the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tobacco products.A.aboutB.atC.toD.on上一题下一题(18/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第39题FC Barcelona, ______the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA Champions League title.A.controversiallyB.arguablyC.debatablyD.finally上一题下一题(19/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第40题The store sells liquid vitamins______designed for children under 3.A.explicitlyB.speciallyC.speculativelyD.specifically上一题下一题(20/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第41题The three law______officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly trying to kill herself.A.enforcementB.reinforcementC.impositionD.coercion上一题下一题(42~51/共10题)PART ⅣCLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.The words can be used ONCE ONLY.Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. daydreamB. disagreementC. factuallyD. ifE. inevitableF. inseparableG. laysH. makingI. perspectiveJ. residesK. that L. thinking M. thoughtfully N. ultimately O. wakeTo some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church´s power in Europe or【C1】______ television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the 【C2】______result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This 【C3】______ accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change: technology´s influence is 【C4】______ determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This 【C5】______about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the 【C6】______of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be of our 【C7】______, and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power 【C8】______in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and 【C9】______to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, "Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have a thought or 【C10】______, to imagine something wonderful. "第42题【C1】第43题【C2】第44题【C3】第45题【C4】第46题【C5】第47题【C6】第48题【C7】第49题【C8】第50题【C9】第51题【C10】上一题下一题(52~54/共10题)PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job "you have to be like a wolf in the forest—able to smell out the best meat. " And if you can´t find work, don´t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This " smooths" the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.。
19专业四级真题答案解析
19专业四级真题答案解析随着大学生就业竞争日趋激烈，越来越多的学生开始积极备考专业四级考试，这是一个能够证明自身专业能力的重要机会。
然而，专业四级考试的难度相对较高，许多学生对于如何准备以及如何解答真题存在困惑。
本文将针对19年专业四级真题进行解析，帮助学生更好地应对这一考试。
第一部分：Listening Comprehension (听力理解)专业四级听力部分是考察学生在工作场景中的语言理解能力。
在19年的真题中，听力部分主要包括科技新闻、学术讲座等内容。
在备考过程中，建议学生多听英语新闻、学术讲座等材料，提高对不同题型的理解能力。
在解答真题过程中，学生需要注意听力材料中的关键信息，如人名、日期、地点等。
同时，要注意提前预测答案选项，做到心中有数，减少选项干扰。
做题时还应注意听力材料的语气、语调变化，从中推断出答案的正确选项。
在遇到较难的问题时，不要惊慌，可以先将听力材料中对应的关键词记录下来，辅助判断正确答案。
第二部分：Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)专业四级阅读部分是考察学生对英文专业文章的理解能力。
19年的真题中，阅读部分主要包括科技类材料、学术类材料等。
在备考阅读部分时，建议学生多阅读英文科技类材料，提高英文科技阅读的能力。
在解答阅读理解题目时，学生应先通读全文，了解文章的大意和结构，然后再逐题解答。
要注重理解文章的关键词和句子，从中获取答案的线索。
对于较难的问题，可以采取排除法，排除错误选项，缩小正确答案的范围。
此外，学生需要注意文章中的转折和衔接词，从中推断出正确答案。
第三部分：Translation (翻译)19年专业四级的翻译部分主要考察学生的翻译能力和语言表达能力。
在备考翻译部分时，学生可以通过多做翻译练习题，提高翻译的技巧和准确性。
在解答翻译题目时，学生应注意语言的准确性和逻辑性。
可以先将原文拆分成短句，然后逐句逐词进行翻译。
在词汇选择上，要注重原文的语境和词义，尽量保持语义的一致性。
大学英语专业四级2019年真题试卷
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2019)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT:130MIN PARTⅠDICTATION[10MIN] Listen to the following passage.Altogether the passage will be read to you four times.During the first reading,which will be done at normal speed,listen and try to understand the meaning.For the second and third reading,the passage,except the first sentence,will be read sentence by sentence,or phrase by phrase,with intervals of fifteen seconds.The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE.The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now,listen to the passage.SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful.PARTⅡLISTENING COMPERHESION[20MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk.You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY.While listening,you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet fornote-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now,listen to the talk.When it is over,you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. SECTION B CONVERSATINSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation,five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause,you should read the four choices of[A],[B],[C]and[D], and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now,listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions1to5are based on Conversation One.1.[A]Writer.[B]Wells.[C]Writer Wells.[D]Susan Writer Wells.2.[A]She was a career woman.[B]She was then a feminist.[C]She didn’t like her maiden name.[D]She took her husband’s surname.3.[A]She named herself after her profession.[B]She named herself after her home town.[C]She named herself after a day of the week.[D]She named herself after her sculptor.4.[A]It gives women greater equality.[B]It is a good solution to an old problem.[C]The problem troubling feminists still remains.[D]The surname problem has partly been solved.5.[A]History of surnames in America[B]Feminist movement in the1960s.[C]Traditional surnames in Europe.[D]Reasons for in invention surnames.Conversation TwoQuestions6to10are based on Conversation Two.6.[A]A reporter from aweekly program.[B]An executive director from a company.[C]A guest on a weekly program.[D]A magazine editor from San Diego.7.[A]To prepare a list of things that you have done.[B]To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.[C]To let everybody know your achievement.[D]To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.8.[A]Because the boss has the data on your work.[B]Because you will be given more work to do.[C]Because it is unprofessional to do so.[D]Because others may lose trust in you.9.[A]We could earn praise from our boss.[B]We may forget the good things we’ve done.[C]Things change quickly in work situations.[D]The boss will review our performance data.10.[A]Websites.[B]Radio programs.[C]Research reports.[D]Government documents.PARTⅢLANGUAGE USAGE[10MIN] There are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four options marked[A].[B], [C]and[D].Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.Moving from beginning to end by order of time,narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than.[A]will other types or writing[B]do other types of writing[C]on other types of writing[D]other types of writing12.the attempted rescue mission，the hostages might still be alive.[A]If it not had been for[B]If had it not been for[C]Had it not been for[D]Had not it been for13.Members of the Parliament were poised ahead with a bill to approve construction of the oil pipeline.[A]to move[B]moving[C]to moving[D]at moving14.Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions that otherwiseabstract,unclear,or unconvincing.[A]may remain[B]could remain[C]must have remained[D]might have remained15.Protocol was enabled him make difficult without ever looking back.[A]who[B]what[C]which[D]that16.The woman had persuaded him to do he was hired never to do—reveal the combination for the lock onthe entrance.[A]one thing[B]such one thing[C]any one thing[D]the one thing17.The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person he choose to be.[A]should[B]could[C]might[D]must18.“If not us,who?If not now,when?”These two questions are usedas a.[A]sign of anger[B]call for action[C]refusal to change[D]denial of commitment19.What is the function of the present progressive in“They are always calling me by the wrong name”?[A]To express unfavorable feelings.[B]To alleviate unnecessary hostility.[C]To indicate uncertainty.[D]To dramatize a fact.20.“Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London,where he set up as an army coach”The relativeclause in the sentence serves to.[A]supply additional information about London[B]describe the antecedent“London”[C]put restrictions on the identity of Harry[D]narrate a sequential action taken by Harry21.A group casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.[A]opposed to[B]objected to[C]posed against[D]protested against22.After the war,he worked on an island in the Pacific,helping the natives and medical understand eachother’s behavior and cultures.[A]faculty[B]persons[C]members[D]personnel23.The subject of manners is complex.If it were not,there would not be so many feelings and so muchmisunderstanding in international communication.[A]injurious[B]injured[C]injuring[D]injury24.To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech,many have noted that the Constitution does not giveyou the right to falsely“Fire!”in a crowded theater.[A]yelp[B]yank[C]yell[D]yield25.The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is to anyenvironment.[A]adoptable[B]amendable[C]alterable[D]adaptable26.Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he with the Vikings,he has no secondabout how he went about his business.[A]thoughts[B]opinions[C]concerns[D]reasons27.Electronic cigarettes shouldbe subject the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditionaltobacco products.[A]about[B]at[C]to[D]on28.FC Barcelona,the most iconic club in world soccer,beat Manchester United2-0to claim the UEFAChampions League title.[A]controversially[B]arguably[C]debatably[D]finally29.The store sells liquid vitamins designed for children under3.[A]explicitly[B]specially[C]speculatively[D]specifically30.The three law officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedlytrying to kill herself.[A]enforcement[B]reinforcement[C]imposition[D]coercionPARTⅣCLOZE[10MIN] Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank.The words can be used ONCE ONLY.Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.[A]daydream[B]disagreement[C]factually[D]if[E]inevitable[F]inseparable[G]lays[H]making[I]perspective[J]resides[K]that[L]thinking[M]thoughtfully[N]ultimately[O]wake To some thinkers,it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change.This idea is referred to as technological determinism.Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church’s power in Europe or(31)television has changed the way family members interact.Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the(32)result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance.This(33)accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change;technology’s influence is(34)determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This(35)about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies.Are we more or less powerless in the(36)of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web,and instant global audio and visual communication?If we are at the mercy of technology,the culture that surrounds us will not be of our(37)and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control.But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power(38)in how we choose to use them,we can utilize them responsibly and(39)to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want.As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained,“Technology can be our best fiend,and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives,It interrupts our own story,interrupts our ability to have a thought or(40),to imagine something wonderful.”PARTⅤREADING COMPREHENSION[35MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions.For each multiple choice question,there are four suggested answers marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)Life can be tough for immigrants in America.As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it,to find a good job“you have to be like a wolf in the forest—able to smell out the best meat.”And if you can’t find work,don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.Unlike in some European countries,it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state.A law passed in1996explicitly bars most immigrants,even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2)That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries,according to a new study by the University of California.The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in20rich countries,taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives,imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3)Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders.In19out of20countries,the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off.Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves,who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4)The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow.In America,a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05%better off.The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states,however.A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria,Belgium,Germany,Luxembourg, the Netherlands,Sweden and Switzerland.In Belgium,immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits,which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5)None of these effects was large,but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages.Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want,the study finds.This “smooths”the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals.Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell.Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand.A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits,prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.41.Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’life mainly because of.[A]low wages for locals[B]imperfect labor markets[C]the design of the welfare system[D]inadequate skills of immigrants42.Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?[A]People who have legal status.[B]People who run businesses.[C]People who receive state benefits.[D]People who are willing to earn less.43.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude toward immigrant is.[A]cautiously favorable[B]slightly negative[C]strongly negative[D]quite ambiguousPASSAGE TWO(1)There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye.Although slow gestures,and unsure of step the woman moved with deliberation,and there was no hesitation in her gestures.She was as good as anyone else,her movements suggested.And she had a job to do.(2)It was a few years ago,and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall.From inside the store,I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall’s concourse as a river of humanity.(3)The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who guessed was her daughter.The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience,rolling her eyes,huffing and sighing,checking her watch every few seconds.If she had possessed a leash,her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.(4)The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation,I walked over and asked if I could help her find something.The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper.The title was unusual and a bit obscure.Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies,about quality.(5)Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman,I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it.Looking back,I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment.Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother,who’d passed away the previous Christmas.(6)As we walked along the back of the store,I narrated its floor plan:old television shows,action movies, cartoons,science fiction.The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.(7)We found the movie,and I complimented her on her choice.She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had.Maybe,she said with a hint of wistfulness he could enjoy it with his own young children.Then,reluctantly,I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper,who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.(8)I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman.When the older woman’s turn in line came,she paid in cash,counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she'd displayed earlier.(9)As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag,I walked over to the younger woman.(10)“Is that your mom?”I asked.(11)I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business.But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience,she rolled her eyes and said,“Yeah.”There was exasperation in her reply,half sigh and half groan.(12)Still watching the mother,I said,“Mind some advice?”(13)“Sure,”said the daughter.(14)I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing.“Cherish her,”I said.And then I answered her curious expression by saying,“When she’s gone,it’s the little moments that’ll come back to you.Moments like this.I know.”(15)It was true.I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life miserable.(16)The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter’s custody.Together they made their way toward the store’s exit.They stood there for a moment,side by side,watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it.Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother.And slowly,almost reluctantly,she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.44.What does“she had a job to do”(Para.1)mean according to the context?[A]She had a regular job in the store.[B]She was thinking of what to buy.[C]She wanted to ask for help.[D]She wanted to buy a DVD.45.What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?[A]The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.[B]The elderly woman liked movies for young children.[C]The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.[D]The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.46.In the passage the elderly woman’s daughter is described as being.[A]impolite[B]uncaring[C]naive[D]miserly47.While looking for the DVD with the old woman,the shop assistant was.[A]hesitant[B]indifferent[C]frustrated[D]patientPASSAGE THREE(1)Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people,a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research,in New York City,found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed“literary fiction”,it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people’s emotions.The same was not true of nonfiction or“popular”fiction,the mystery,romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.(2)Experts said the findings,reported online in Science,suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives.(3)“Reading literary fiction isn’t just for passing the time.It’s not just an escape,”said Keith Oatley,a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto.It also enables us to better understand others,and then take that into our daily lives.(4)Oatley was not involved in the new research,but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people’s empathy for others.His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests,but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.(5)But,the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy—empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction,whereas the new study does offer some“cause-and-effect”evidence,Oatley said. For the study,researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction,nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests.One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”.People have to look at photos of actors’eyes,and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each.The test is considered a measure of empathy.Overall,study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction,versus the other three conditions.(6)It was a small improvement,according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd,“It’s not like talking people from a(grade)‘C’to an‘A’,”he said.But,Kidd added,the effect was seen after only about10minutes’reading,and it was a statistically strong finding,meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to chance.(7)“Literary”fiction has no hard-and-fast definition.So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards.They included“The Round House”,by Louise Erdrich,“Salvage the Bones”,by Jesmyn Ward and the short story“Corrie”by Alice Munro.And“popular”fiction included best-sellers like“Gone Girl”by Gillian Flynn,and Danielle Steel’s“The Sins of the Mother”.(8)What’s so special about literary fiction?“For one,it’s usually more focused on characters than on plot,”Kidd noted.But beyond that,he said,there is usually no single“authoritative narrator”who takes us through the story.“It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in the gaps.You really have to think about the characters,”Kidd said.(9)Oatley agreed.“Alice Munro doesn’t tell you what to think,”he said.“You,yourself,have to make inferences about characters.And that’s often what we’re doing in our real-life conversations.”Or at least that’s what people could do.(10)Reading literary fiction could also offer a way to“practice”your social skills and use them more in real life,according to another researcher not involved in the study.“It’s like how pilots train in a flight simulator,”said Raymond Mar,an associate professor of psychology at York University,in Toronto,who has collaborated with Oatley.“This is a great study,”Mar said of the new study.But he added that the overall research in this area is“still in its infancy”and one key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.(11)Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study,Mar’s study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction.So it’s possible that there is something else about romance-novel readers that makes them more understanding of others.(12)Still,according to Mar,it’s too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro,at least if the goal is boosting empathy.(13)It’s also possible that plays,movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles,according to Kidd.But reading may be special,he said,because it provides no visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.(14)Everyone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary.“There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous,or not practical,”Mar said.“But there’s a growing body of evidence that it’s important in skills that we need in our lives.”48.According to the new study,what kind of books are likely to help people better understand others’feelings?[A]Science fiction[B]Romance novels[C]Literary fiction.[D]Nonfiction.49.Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage?[A]Oatley and his colleagues were involved in the new study.[B]Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.[C]Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.[D]Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.50.Which of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction?[A]More focus on character description.[B]Presence of an authoritative narrator.[C]Demand on readers’ability to infer.[D]Presence of readers’empatheticfeelings.SECTION B SHORT ANSWERQUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A.Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE51.What does the statement,“...don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.”mean?(Para.1)PASSAGE TWO52.Why did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it for her?53.What does the last sentence in Para.16imply about the daughter’s attitude towards her mother? PASSAGE THREE54.What are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage?55.Why is reading special when compared with plays and movies?PARTⅥWRITING[45MIN] Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN200words,in which you should:1)summarize the main message of the report,and then2)comment on Brewer’s view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance,content sufficiency,organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.How much screen time is too much for kids?Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children,but research suggests it’s the nature of it that matters.For many parents in the digital age,battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life.Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that it’s not so much the length,but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer,a psychologist who specializes in the concept of“digital nutrition”,likens media diets to what’s on our plates:rather than counting calories(or screen time),think about what you’re eating.“It’s not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods,but also your relationship totechnology and the role it plays in your family life,”says Brewer.For young children,the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing,watching or browsing together.A study of20,000parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children’s well-being.The study’s lead author Dr Andrew Pryzbylski said:“Our findings suggest the broader family context how parents set rules about digital screen time,and if they’re actively engaged in exploring the digital world together,are more important than the raw screen time.”“The consensus is that screen time,in and of itself,is not harmful—and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child’s behavior and personality.There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens,”says Brewer.“Instead,parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they’re watching,playing and reading is high-quality,age-appropriate and safe—and joining in wherever possible.”——THE END——ANSWER SHEET1(TEM4)PARTⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
2019年英语专业四级作文真题
2019年英语专业四级作文真题Unfortunately, I don't have the exact 2019 English major level 4 essay exam question. However, I can help you understand the general structure and requirements of an essay for such an exam.The essay prompt might involve reading a passage and then writing a response, possibly including summarizing the main message of the passage and commenting on a specific viewpoint mentioned in it. For example, the prompt might ask you to read a passage about the impact of technology on education and then write an essay commenting on theauthor's view that technology has primarily had a positive impact on education.In such an essay, you would need to:1. Introduce the main ideas of the passage you are responding to.2. Summarize the author's viewpoint.3. State your own opinion on the matter, either agreeing or disagreeing with the author.4. Support your opinion with evidence and examples, possibly drawing from your own experience or research.5. Conclude by restating your opinion and summarizing your arguments.Remember to keep your essay focused and coherent, and to use appropriate language and examples to support your arguments. The essay should be at least 1000 words long and should not expose the prompt directly.If you have a more specific prompt or question, please provide it, and I will be happy to help you further.。
2019年英语专业四级考试真题答案
2019年英语专业四级考试真题答案➢DICTATIONSlangWe often use slang expressions when we talk,because they are so vivid and colorful.However,they are usually out of place in formal writing because of a number of drawbacks.They go out of date quickly and become tiresome if used too much.And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others.In general,we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.➢LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK1.revise for content2.major points3.evidence4.the logic5.a self-imposed limitponents7.provide variety8.explain complex ideas9.imprecise or worthy10.nouns and verbsSECTION B CONVERSATIONS1.C Writer Wells2.B She was then a feminist3.A She named herself after her profession4.C The problem troubling feminists still remains5.D Reasons for inventing surnames6.C A guest on weekly program7.D To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss8.D Because the boss has the date on your work9.B We may forget the good things we have done10.A Websites➢LANGUAGE USAGE11.B other types of writing 12.C Had it not been for 13.A to move 14.D might have remained 15.B what 16.D the one thing17.C should 18.B call for action 19.A To express unfavorable feelings 20.C narrow a sequential action taken by Harry21.A opposed to 22.C personnel23.B injured 24.C yell25.D adaptable 26.A thoughts27.C to 28.B arguably29.D specifically 30.C enforcement ➢CLOZE31.K that32.E inevitable33.I perspective34.N ultimately35.B disagreement36.O wake37.H making38.J resides39.M thoughtfully40.A daydream➢READING COMPREHENSION41.D the design of the welfare system42.B People who run business43.A cautiously favorable44.C She wanted to buy a DVD45.A The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies46.A impolite47.D patient48.C Literary faction49.C Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction50.A Presence of an authoritative narrator51.Unemployed immigrants cannot live on government’s benefits或Unemployed immigrants don’t receive subsidy from federal government.52.Because the shop assistant wanted to enjoy her company.53.She began to try to cherish her mother.54.Boosting empathy and offering a way to practice social skills.55.Because it provides no visuals and entails more imagination.➢WRITING参考范文Participation is Better than RestrictionIn the digital age,media consumption is inevitable.According to Brewer,rather than restricting children’ s screen time and their access to digital devices,parents should be actively engaged in their children’s media consumption because the nature of it matters more than the length of time spent on it.I cannot agree more with Brewer’s point of view.First of all,the use of digital products in itself is a double-edged sword.It is the way they are used,not the screen time,that determines the outcome.Digital products,if used properly,can facilitate children’ s study and relax their bodies and minds.By contrast,they can also be used to browse pornographic or violent contents,which is harmful to children’ s mental health.Therefore,parental participation and guidance are critical inthat parents can help children form an appropriate view of electronic products and thus protect them from potential harm.Second,the effort to limit screen time is in vain as long as children use electronics,for instance,to consume digital junk foods.So parents should play,watch or browse with their so as to ensure that what their children are consuming is high-equality,age-appropriate and safe.This could at the same time help strengthen family bonds.In conclusion,parents should join in with their children’s media consumption rather than simply limit their time spent on electronic devices.。
2019英语专业八级真题及答案
2019英语专业八级真题及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(35MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You. will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green’s university days?A. She felt bored.B. She felt lonely.C. She cherished them.D. The subject was easy.2. Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employment?A. Doing surveys at workplace.B. Analyzing survey results.C. Designing questionnaires.D. Taking a psychology course.3. According to Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of Employment and the advertising agency lies inA. the nature of work.B. office decoration.C. office location.D. work procedures.4. Why did Miss green want to leave the advertising agency?A. She felt unhappy inside the company.B. She felt work there too demanding.C. She was denied promotion in the company.D. She longed for new opportunities.5. How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?A. She was willing and ready.B. She sounded mildly eager.C. She a bit surprised.D. She sounded very reluctant.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet. Questions 6 and 7 based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.6. The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted toA. destroy the European Central Bank.B. have an interview with a TV station.C. circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.D. remember the death of a US astronaut.7. Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?A. He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.B. He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.C. He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.D. He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of thenews item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. The news is mainly about the city government’s plan toA. expand and improve the existing subway system.B. build underground malls and parking lots.C. prevent further land subsidence.D. promote advanced technology.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.9. According to the news, what makes this credit card different from conventional ones isA. that it can hear the owner’s voice.B. that it can remember a password.C. that it can identify the owner’s voice.D. that it can remember the owner’s PIN.10. The newly developed credit card is said to said to have all the following EXCEPTA. switch.B. battery.C. speaker.D. built-in chip.参考答案：Section A Mini-lecture1.the author2.other works3.literary trends4.grammar,diction or uses of image5.cultural codes6.cultural7.the reader8.social9.reader competency10. social sructure,traditions of writing or political cultural influences,etc.Section B Interview1-5 CDDDASection C News Broadcast6-10 DCBCAPART II READING COMPREHENSION(30MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your colouredanswer sheet.TEXT AThe University in transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow’s universities by writers representing both Western and mon-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University - a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world’s great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcinga rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving then out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content - or other dangers - will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?”Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow’s university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like today’s faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley’s view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be “enrolled” in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between -or even during - sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.11. When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,A. he is in favour of it.B. his view is balanced.C. he is slightly critical of it.D. he is strongly critical of it.12. Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?A. Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B. Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C. internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.D. The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.13. According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?A. Knowledge learning and career building.B. Learning how to solve existing social problems.C. Researching into solutions to current world problems.D. Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.14. Judging from the Three new roles envisioned for tomorrow’s university faculty, university teachersA, are required to conduct more independent research.B. are required to offer more course to their students……C. are supposed to assume more demanding duties.D. are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.15. Which category of writing does the review belong to?A. Narration.B. DescriptionC. persuasionD. Exposition.TEXT BEvery street had a story, every building a memory, Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets oftheir hometowns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out.The town had changed, but then it hadn’t. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A landowner could build anything wiih no permit no inspection, no notice to adjoining landowners. nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year.But in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all The long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Kay roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on the new owners kept the lawns clipped and the shutters painted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned.This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sundays except go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbours, rest and relax the way Godintended.It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour for the family meeting, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played little League for the Pirates, and (here was the public pool he’d swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There were the churches - Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian - facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries, their steeples competing for height. They were empty now, hut in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services.The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small towns. But here the people had been faithful to their downtown merchants, and there wasn’t s single empty or boarded-up building around the square - no small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with the banks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Someof his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the family money he’d never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mother’s grave, something he hadn’t done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father’s study, sipping bad instant tea and receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be give, many decrees and directions, because his father(who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered.Moving again, Ray passed the water tower he’d climbed twice, the second time with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he’d never visited since he’d left it. Behind it was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before getting bounced off the team.It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.16. From the first paragraph, we get the impression thatA. Ray cherished his childhood memories.B. Ray had something urgent to take care of.C. Ray may not have a happy childhood.D. Ray cannot remember his childhood days.17. Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe Ray’s hometown?A. Lifeless.B. Religious.C. Traditional.D. Quiet.18. Form the passage we can infer that the relationship between Ray and his parents wasA. close.B. remote.C. tense.D. impossible to tell.19. It can be inferred from the passage that Ray’s father was all EXCEPTA. considerate.B. punctual.C. thrifty.D. dominant.TEXT CCampaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from oneend of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one’s own house and fire at one’s neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which thePathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the “butcher and bolt policy”to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected tokeep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.20. The word debts in “very few debts are left unpaid” in the first paragraph meansA． loans. B． accounts C．killings D．bargains.21. Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?A. Melting snows.B. Large population.C. Steep hillsides.D. Fertile valleys.22. According to the passage, the Pathans welcomedA. the introduction of the rifle.B. the spread of British rule.C. the extension of luxuriesD. the spread of trade.23. Building roads by the BritishA. put an end to a whole series of quarrels.B. prevented the Pathans from earning on feuds.C. lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans.D. gave the Pathans a much quieter life.24. A suitable title for the passage would beA. Campaigning on the Indian frontier.B. Why the Pathans resented the British rule.C. The popularity of rifles among the Pathans.D. The Pathans at war.TEXT D“Museum” is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses’ shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples - notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) - had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant “Muses’ shrine”.The inspirational collections of precious and semi-preciousobjects were kept in larger churches and monasteries - which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems - often antique engraved ones - as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, but “site-specific”, and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them - and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses’ shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitolin Rome were the most famous of such early “inspirational”collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary “modern” works wereIn the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of “improving”collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.25.The sentence “Museum is a slippery word” in the firstparagraph means thatA. the meaning of the word didn’t change until after the 15th century.B. the meaning of the word had changed over the years.C. the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.D. princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.26.The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates fromA. the Romans.B. Florence.C. Olympia.D. Greek.27. “……the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined” in the third paragraph means thatA. there was a great demand for fakers.B. fakers grew rapidly in number.C. fakers became more skillful.D. fakers became more polite.28. Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century wereA. collected from elsewhere.B. made part of the buildings.C. donated by people.D. bought by churches.29. Modern museums came into existence in order toA. protect royal and church treasures.B. improve existing collections.C. stimulate public interest.D. raise more funds.30. Which is the main idea of the passage?A. Collection and collectors.B. The evolution of museums.C. Modern museums and their functions.D. The birth of museums.11-15 BAACD 16-20 CDBAC 21-25BABAB 26-30 DCBABPART III. 人文知识There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answers to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31.The Presidents during the American Civil War wasA. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand isA.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers?A.The AboriginesB.The MaoriC.The IndiansD.The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head ofA.the Shadow CabinetB.the ParliamentC.the OppositionD.the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A.T.S.EliotwrenceC.Theodore DreiserD.James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written byA.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Eugene O’NeilD.Ernest Hemingway37._____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen linesA.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion ofA.referenceB.meaningC.antonymyD.context39.The words”kid,child,offspring” are examples ofA.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonymsC.emotive synonymsD.collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made byA.HalliayB.ChomskyC.BloomfieldD.Saussure参考答案: 31-35BCADA 36-40 DBDBDPART IV 改错参考答案1. agreeing-agreed2. in which 可有可无3. in his disposal- at his disposal4.enables-enable5.the other English speakers-other English speakers6.old-older7.seen-understood8.take it for granted- take for granted9.or-and10. the most striking of human achievementsV. 汉译英及参考译文中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
2019年专四真题
2019年专四真题引言2019年专业四级考试是中国对外贸易专业的一项重要考试。
本文将对2019年专四真题进行分析，并提供一些备考建议和技巧。
考试概述2019年专四考试共分为两部分，阅读理解和写作。
阅读理解部分包括四篇文章，每篇文章后面有多个选择题和填空题，总计80分。
写作部分要求考生根据一篇短文或者图表，撰写一篇短文，总计20分。
阅读理解部分阅读理解部分是专四考试的重要组成部分，也是考生重点复习和备考的内容之一。
以下是2019年专四真题的阅读理解部分的内容概述：文章一文章一讲述了中国与东盟国家的贸易关系。
文章提到了2018年两者之间贸易额的增长，并分析了这种增长的原因。
考生需要理解文章中的关键信息，正确回答相关问题。
文章二文章二主要讨论了新兴市场国家的经济发展。
文章分析了这些国家在全球经济中的地位，并提出了一些对策和建议。
考生需要理解文章的主旨和观点，做出准确的判断和回答问题。
文章三文章三探讨了国际贸易中的关税问题。
文章讲解了关税的定义和作用，以及关税对各国经济的影响。
考生需要理解文章的逻辑结构和关键词语，以便回答相关的选择题和填空题。
文章四文章四介绍了全球化对中国企业的影响。
文章列举了一些中国企业在全球市场取得成功的案例，并提出了这些成功的原因和经验。
考生需要理解这些案例和原因，以及文章中提出的问题和观点。
写作部分写作部分是专四考试的另一个重要组成部分。
以下是2019年专四真题的写作部分的内容概述：短文一短文一是一篇关于环境保护的文章。
文章提出了环境破坏对人类生存的影响，并呼吁人们采取行动来保护环境。
考生需要理解文章的主旨和论点，并写一篇短文，介绍环境问题并提出自己的观点和建议。
短文二短文二是一篇关于教育制度的文章。
文章讨论了教育制度对个人发展和社会进步的重要性，并提出了改革的建议。
考生需要理解文章中的观点和论据，并写一篇短文，表达自己对教育制度的看法和建议。
备考建议考生在备考2019年专四真题时，可以采取以下几点建议：1.充分了解考试内容和要求：仔细阅读考试说明和题目要求，明确各部分的考察范围和目标。
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关于2019年英语专业四、八级统测（TEM48）
报考通知
按照高校外语专业教学测试办公室通知，全国高校英语专业四、八级统测（TEM4、TEM8）将分别于2019年4月、3月照常进行，现将2019年英语专业四、八级统测报名等有关事项通知如下：
一、考试时间：
1.2019年的英语专业高年级阶段统测（TEM8）定于3月23日（星期六）上午8：30
开始，在各自院校组织进行。
2.2019年的英语专业基础阶段统测（TEM4）定于4月20日（星期六）上午8：30
开始，在各自院校组织进行。
二、报名对象：
参加统测的学生必须是通过全国高考正式录取的英语专业的在校注册学生，报名资格具体规定如下：
（一）参加高年级阶段统测（TEM8）的报名对象
1.2015年入学的英语专业四年级本科生（考生类型的编号为“40”）；
2.曾参加2018年TEM8统测但未通过的2014级英语本科专业学生可参加此次补考，但
仅此一次补考机会，不参加作自动放弃，补考机会不顺延（考生类型的编号为“70”）。
3.普通高校英语专业两年制及三年制专升本学生可在最后一学年以正常考生身份参加
英语专业高年级（TEM8）统测（考生类型的编号为“40”）。
未通过的学生可在次年补考一次，补考机会不再顺延。
（二）参加基础阶段统测（TEM4）的报名对象
1.2017年入学的英语专业二年级本科生（考生类型的编号为“40”）；
2.曾参加2018年TEM4统测但未通过的2016级本科的英语专业学生可参加此次补考，
但仅此一次补考机会，不参加作自动放弃，补考机会不顺延(考生类型的编号为“70”)。
3.普通高校英语专业两年制及三年制专升本学生可在升本后的第一年以补考生身份参
加英语专业基础阶段（TEM4）统测，但仅此一次机会，不再顺延。
（考生类型的编号为“70”）
三、报名方法及收费标准
1．在校学生以班为单位报名。
各班班长务必于11月21日下午4:00之前把报名名单（报名学生在下发报名册上注明）及报名费交到院务办（8305室）王芳芳老师处；领取
报名反馈表的时间请注意短信通知。
请同学们填写时务必按学号顺序填写。
2.已毕业离校的2018届学生（英语2014级）请将报名信息发给原班主任（或者同学），再以班为单位统一来院务办8305室报名。
报名时间截止11月23日下午3:00前。
3．报名费：TEM4为68元/人；TEM8为73元/人。
说明：考试报名费通过转账方式进行缴纳。
请各班负责人收齐本班报名费后，转账至中国建设银行卡（6236 6815 9000 2214 559）；户名：王芳芳；开户行：中国建设银行股份有限公司宁波东郊支行。
（转账时备注：某某班英语专四、八报名费，共几人。
）
四、报名注意事项
1．报名时请同学们认真核对学号、姓名、性别、身份证号、入学年月、考生类型、专业、备注等各项信息栏；
2．转专业学生请务必在备注栏注明原高考录取专业。
3．如有留级或病休等原因，到报名时还属于二年级或四年级学生，请在考生信息的备注中说明，此类学生应编在现在的同班同学中；
4．凡未通过基础阶段（TEM4）统测的考生，也可参加高年级阶段（TEM8）的统测。
5．考生必须附上“高考录取名册”复印件，若发现考生实际姓名与“高考录取名册”不符，则不予接受报名。
（高考录取名册由院务办协助提供）。
外语学院
2018年11月19日。