teaching writing 英语写作教学文献综述
高中英语写作教学文献综述范文
高中英语写作教学文献综述范文Writing is an essential skill that high school students need to master in order to succeed academically and professionally. In this literature review, we will explore different approaches and strategies for teaching high school English writing.One common approach to teaching writing is the process approach, which emphasizes the stages of writing such as prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. This approach helps students develop their ideas, organize their thoughts, and improve their writing skills. Teachers can provide feedback and guidance at each stage of the writing process to help students improve their writing.Another effective strategy for teaching writing is the use of writing prompts. Prompts can help students generate ideas, focus their writing, and practice specific writing skills. Teachers can provide different types of prompts, such as narrative, descriptive, expository, and persuasive prompts, to help students develop a variety of writing skills.In addition to teaching the writing process and using prompts, teachers can also incorporate peer feedback and revision into their writing instruction. Peer feedback allows students to receive input from their peers and learn from each other's writing. Revision helps students improve their writing by making changes based on feedback and self-reflection.Furthermore, technology can be a valuable tool for teaching writing in high school. Teachers can use online platforms and tools to provide feedback, facilitate peer collaboration, and engage students in writing activities. Technology can also help students develop digital literacy skills and explore new forms of writing, such as blogging and multimedia composition.Overall, teaching writing in high school requires a combination of approaches and strategies to help students develop their writing skills. By incorporating the writing process, prompts, peer feedback, revision, and technology into their instruction, teachers can help students become more confident and proficient writers.高中英语写作是高中学生需要掌握的基本技能，以便在学术和职业上取得成功。
英语教育专业毕业论文文献综述
毕业论文（设计）文献综述一、国内外现状传统的教学方式一直是以教师为主导地位的教学，教师讲，学生听，教学模式古板，教学方法落后，师生之间互动很少。
随着新教育体制尊重学生主体地位的提出，倡导课堂上要让学生多发言、多参与，不少学者就做了有关学生学习积极性调动方面的研究。
他们认为积极性是一种主观意识，是个体主动地根据自己的意愿，自己制定的目标而行动，而不是依靠外力推动的行为品质。
黄甫全在《小学教育学》中提到当代的心理研究表明，中小学生具备着一种特殊的、丰富的、可贵的人格特质和情感体验，有着与成人不同的思考方式。
而这种人格特质和情感体验让他们感觉到了自己存在的意义和价值加上与生俱来的好奇心和求知欲让他们具备了发展的潜能，这种潜能使得他们具有了发展的主动性和能动性（2007：69）。
心理专家扬霞在《让孩子学习上瘾的10个法则》中指出，孩子的学习自觉性并不是天生就有的，而是需要后天慢慢培养的，首先要有兴趣和动机（2006：29）。
在学生的学习过程中，与他们关系最紧密的就是教师。
教师在课堂上扮演着多种角色，他们是课堂的组织者，知识的传播者，同时还是学生的辅导员。
除此之外还要充当多种配角。
因此，教师能否将这些角色扮演好直接关系到学生学习的积极性。
我国学者陈琦、刘儒德等人在《当代教育心理学》中就指出教师课堂教学的新颖性、启发性还有灵活性能够调动学生的积极性，同时，他们也提出学习兴趣是学习动机中最活跃的心理成分（2007：233）。
当今，社会教学的主要组织模式仍然是课堂，课堂是完成教学任务和学生学习的主要环境，课堂也是学生与老师接触最多的时候。
因而，课堂对学生的意义非常重大。
但我们都知道一节课的时间是短暂的，那么如何在这短短的时间里调动起学生学习的积极性，让学生较好的完成学习任务就有必要对课堂进行了深入的探讨。
Thomas S.C. Farrell在《Reflecting on Classroom Communication in Asia》中就对课堂的交流模式以及如何促进更有效的交流等方面做了研究。
高中英语写作教学文献综述范文
高中英语写作教学文献综述范文Writing is an essential skill for high school students to master, as it not only helps them to effectively communicate their ideas and thoughts, but also plays a crucial role in their academic and professional success. In the context of English language teaching, writing instruction is an important aspect of the curriculum, and educators are constantly seeking effective strategies to enhance students' writing abilities. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the current research and best practices in high school English writing instruction, with a focus on the development of students' writing skills, the use of technology in writing instruction, and the assessment of writing proficiency.First and foremost, the development of students' writing skills is a key priority in high school English classrooms. Research has shown that explicit instruction in writing strategies, such as brainstorming, outlining, and revising, can significantly improve students' writing proficiency. Additionally, providing students with opportunities for authentic writing experiences, such as journaling, creative writing, and argumentative essays, can help them develop a deeper understanding of the writing process and improve their overall writing abilities. Furthermore, integrating grammar and vocabulary instruction into writing lessons can also contribute to the development of students' writing skills, as it helps them to use language accurately and effectively in their writing.In addition to traditional writing instruction, the use of technology has become increasingly prevalent in high school English classrooms. The integration of digital tools, such as word processing software, online writing platforms, and multimedia resources, can provide students with new opportunities to engage with writing and enhance their writing abilities. For example, digital writing platforms can facilitate peer collaboration and feedback, while multimedia resources can help students to incorporate visual and auditory elements into their writing. Furthermore, technology can also support differentiated instruction, allowing teachers to provide personalized writing instruction that meets the diverse needs of their students.Assessing students' writing proficiency is another crucial aspect of high school English writing instruction. Effective assessment practices not only provide valuable feedback to students, but also inform instructional decision-making and support the overall improvement of students' writing abilities. Formative assessment strategies, such as writing conferences, peer review, and self-assessment, can help students to reflect on their writing and set goals for improvement. Additionally, the use of rubrics and writing portfolios can provide clear criteria for evaluating students' writing and tracking their progress over time.In conclusion, high school English writing instruction plays a critical role in the development of students' writing abilities and overall literacy skills. By providing explicit instruction in writing strategies, integrating technology into writing instruction, and implementing effective assessment practices, educators can support students in becoming proficient and confident writers. Moving forward, it is important for educators to continue exploring innovative approaches to writing instruction and staying abreast of current research in the field, in order to best meet the needs of their students and prepare them for success in their academic and professional endeavors.。
英语专业文献综述模板及填写要求
英语专业文献综述模板及填写要求一、综述模板标题：文献综述摘要：本文综述了英语专业领域中的相关文献，主要包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论等方面的内容。
通过对已有文献的分析和总结，本文试图对该领域的研究现状进行梳理，并指出进一步研究的方向和重点。
本文旨在为学术界提供参考，促进该领域的研究进展。
关键词：英语专业、文献综述、研究现状、研究方向一、引言介绍英语专业研究领域的背景和意义，指出该领域的重要性和存在的问题。
二、研究目的明确本文的研究目的和意义，即对英语专业领域的相关文献进行综述和总结。
三、相关文献列举已有的相关文献，包括期刊论文、学术研究报告、学位论文等。
四、研究方法描述本文综述所采用的研究方法，如文献查阅、内容分析、统计分析等。
五、研究结果与讨论对已有文献进行分析和总结，总结该领域的研究现状，包括已取得的成果、存在的问题和不足之处等。
六、研究的局限性七、研究的进展和展望提出该领域进一步研究的方向和重点，为学者们提供参考和启示，推动该领域的研究进展。
八、结论总结本文综述的主要内容，强调研究的重要性和意义，呼吁学者们重视该领域的研究。
二、填写要求1.精确查找并引用相关文献，确保论述的准确和可靠性。
2.文献综述要体现对目前研究现状的理解和分析，避免一味陈述已有文献的内容。
3.对已有文献进行分析和总结时，应注重对其方法和结果的评价，有利于找出其优点和不足之处。
4.综述应注意对已有文献的研究的局限性和不足之处进行描述，避免过于绝对化的态度。
5.研究的进展和展望要有针对性和可行性，避免过于宏观和空泛的表述。
6.综述要注重逻辑性和条理性，避免内容的杂乱和重复。
总的来说，英语专业文献综述要准确、全面地总结和分析相关文献的研究现状，并提出明确的进一步研究方向和重点。
通过合理的论证和论述，为学术界提供参考，推动该领域的研究进展。
初中英语写作教学相关研究文献综述
初中英语写作教学相关研究文献综述一、引言初中英语写作教学是初中英语教学的重要组成部分，对于提高学生的英语写作能力和语言表达能力具有重要的作用。
近年来，随着新课程改革的不断深入，初中英语写作教学的研究和实践也取得了不少进展。
本文将对初中英语写作教学相关研究进行综述，以期为初中英语写作教学的进一步研究和实践提供参考。
二、初中英语写作教学的研究现状初中英语写作教学的研究主要集中在写作教学策略、写作教学评价、写作教材开发和写作教师专业发展等方面。
其中，写作教学策略的研究主要关注如何有效地提高学生的写作能力和语言表达能力；写作教学评价的研究主要关注如何科学地评价学生的写作能力和教师的教学效果；写作教材开发的研究主要关注如何根据学生的实际情况和教学需求，开发适合的写作教材；写作教师专业发展的研究主要关注如何提高教师的专业素养和教学能力。
三、初中英语写作教学的实践研究初中英语写作教学的实践研究主要包括以下几个方面：写作教学内容的设计与实施。
针对学生的实际情况和教学需求，设计科学、合理的写作教学内容，包括写作主题、写作任务、写作技巧等方面的内容，并在教学中实施，以提高学生的写作能力和语言表达能力。
写作教学评价的实践与探索。
采用多种评价方式，如学生自评、互评、教师评价等，对学生的写作能力和教师的教学效果进行科学、客观的评价，以促进学生的学习进步和教师的教学改进。
写作教材的开发与运用。
根据学生的实际情况和教学需求，开发适合的写作教材，并在教学中运用，以提高学生的写作能力和语言表达能力。
写作教师专业发展的实践与探索。
通过培训、交流、反思等方式，提高教师的专业素养和教学能力，为初中英语写作教学的有效实施提供保障。
四、结论初中英语写作教学是初中英语教学的重要组成部分，对于提高学生的英语写作能力和语言表达能力具有重要的作用。
近年来，随着新课程改革的不断深入，初中英语写作教学的研究和实践也取得了不少进展。
然而，仍存在一些问题需要进一步研究和探讨，如如何更好地设计写作教学内容、如何更有效地实施写作教学评价、如何更科学地开发写作教材、如何更全面地提高教师的专业素养和教学能力等。
小学英语读写课文献综述范文大全
小学英语读写课文献综述范文大全全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1A Comprehensive Review of Elementary School English Reading and Writing TextsIntroductionEnglish reading and writing are essential skills that students need to develop in order to succeed academically and professionally. In elementary schools, students are introduced to basic reading and writing skills through a variety of texts. This review will examine some of the most popular English reading and writing texts used in elementary schools.Phonics-Based TextsOne popular approach to teaching reading in elementary schools is phonics-based instruction. Phonics-based texts introduce students to letter sounds and how they combine to form words. Texts such as "Phonics for Beginners" and "Hooked on Phonics" are widely used in elementary classrooms to help students develop their reading skills.Story-Based TextsAnother common approach to teaching reading is through story-based texts. Story-based texts use engaging narratives to capture students' attention and motivate them to read. Texts such as "The Magic Treehouse" series and "Junie B. Jones" series are popular choices for elementary classrooms because they are both entertaining and educational.Grammar and Writing TextsIn addition to reading texts, elementary schools also use texts that focus on grammar and writing skills. Texts such as "Grammar for Kids" and "Write Source" help students develop their understanding of sentence structure, punctuation, and other essential writing skills. These texts provide students with practice exercises and writing prompts to help them improve their writing abilities.Interactive TextsWith the advancements in technology, many elementary schools are now using interactive texts to engage students in reading and writing. Interactive texts such as online storybooks and educational apps allow students to interact with the text in a more dynamic way. These texts provide students withopportunities to listen to audio recordings, play games, and participate in interactive quizzes to enhance their reading and writing skills.ConclusionEnglish reading and writing texts play a crucial role in helping elementary school students develop their literacy skills. Whether through phonics-based instruction, story-based texts, grammar and writing texts, or interactive texts, educators have a variety of resources to choose from to support students' reading and writing development. By using a combination of these texts, elementary schools can create a comprehensive literacy program that meets the diverse needs of all students.篇2A Comprehensive Review of Primary School English Reading and Writing TextsIntroductionPrimary school English reading and writing classes play a crucial role in developing students’ language skills and fostering a love for literature. Textbooks and teaching materials used in these classes are carefully selected to ensure they are engaging, age-appropriate, and aligned with the curriculum. Inthis review, we will explore a selection of primary school English reading and writing texts that are commonly used in schools around the world.1. Oxford Reading TreeThe Oxford Reading Tree series is a popular choice for primary school English reading classes. It offers a wide range of fiction and non-fiction books that are graded by reading level, allowing teachers to easily tailor lessons to students’ abilities. The stories are engaging and feature lovable characters like Biff, Chip, and Kipper, making them appealing to young readers. The series also includes accompanying workbooks and online resources to support reading comprehension and vocabulary development.2. Jolly PhonicsJolly Phonics is a phonics-based program that is widely used in primary schools to teach students how to read and write. The program uses a multi-sensory approach to teach letter sounds and blending, making it accessible to students of all learning styles. The colorful workbooks and interactive activities make learning phonics fun and engaging for young learners. Jolly Phonics also emphasizes the importance of handwriting and includes exercises to help students develop their writing skills.3. StoryfunStoryfun is a series of story-based English language textbooks that are designed to help young learners improve their reading and writing skills. The stories are engaging and culturally relevant, allowing students to connect with the material on a personal level. Each unit includes reading comprehension exercises, writing prompts, and vocabulary activities to reinforce learning. Storyfun also includes audio recordings of the stories, making it easier for students to practice listening and pronunciation skills.4. Writing Road to ReadingWriting Road to Reading is a comprehensive language arts program that focuses on developing students’ writing and reading skills. The program includes handwriting practice, spelling exercises, grammar lessons, and creative writing activities to help students become proficient writers. Writing Road to Reading also incorporates phonics instruction to help students improve their decoding and encoding skills. The program is suitable for students of all ages and can be easily adapted to meet the needs of individual learners.ConclusionPrimary school English reading and writing classes are essential for developing students’ language skills and fostering a love for literature. Textbooks and teaching materials play a key role in shaping students’ learning experiences and should be carefully chosen to meet their needs. The texts reviewed in this article are just a few examples of the many high-quality resources available to educators. By selecting engaging and age-appropriate materials, teachers can create a positive and enriching learning environment for their students.篇3A comprehensive review of primary school English reading and writing textbooksIntroductionEnglish is a critical subject in primary school education. Reading and writing are core skills that students need to develop in order to succeed academically. In this review, we will explore a range of English textbooks used in primary schools to teach reading and writing skills. By analyzing the content, approach, and effectiveness of these textbooks, we aim to provide educators with insights into which resources are most suitable for their students.Oxford Reading TreeThe Oxford Reading Tree series is one of the most popular reading programs used in primary schools. It is a comprehensive series that covers a wide range of topics and reading levels. The series is structured into levels, with each level introducing new vocabulary and concepts. The stories are engaging and colorful, with illustrations that help students understand the text. The series also includes accompanying workbooks and assessment materials to track students' progress.Phonics for KidsPhonics for Kids is another popular resource for teaching reading in primary schools. This program focuses on phonics, which is the relationship between sounds and letters. By teaching students how to decode words using phonics, Phonics for Kids helps students become fluent readers. The program includes a variety of activities and games to reinforce phonics skills, making learning fun and interactive for students.Writing with WritersWriting with Writers is a writing program that focuses on developing students' writing skills. The program covers a range of writing genres, including narratives, informational texts, andopinion pieces. Each unit in the program includes mentor texts, writing prompts, and revision strategies to guide students through the writing process. The program also includes opportunities for peer feedback and editing, helping students improve their writing skills through collaboration.ConclusionIn conclusion, primary school English reading and writing textbooks play a vital role in developing students' literacy skills. Textbooks such as the Oxford Reading Tree, Phonics for Kids, and Writing with Writers provide educators with resources to teach reading and writing effectively. By using a variety of resources that cater to different learning styles and abilities, educators can help students build a strong foundation in English literacy. Ultimately, the goal of primary school English textbooks is to empower students to become confident readers and writers who can succeed academically and beyond.。
关于英语专业毕业论文写作的文献综述
关于英语专业毕业论文写作的文献综述引言英语专业毕业论文是英语专业学生在毕业时撰写的具有一定价值的学术性论文。
它是考查英语专业学生大学四年以来所学的英语专业知识的重要方式，也可锻炼学生理论联系实际进行科学研究的能力，是本科学生获得学士学位的重要依据。
目前，我国大部分的院校都要求英语专业本科生必须用英语撰写学位论文，而且对于撰写英语毕业论文基本上没有限制条件，只要考试成绩合格者都可以参加毕业论文的写作。
但是，从有关的调查中显示，英语专业毕业论文质量不高，存在很多的问题。
目前已有很多的学者和教师就英语专业毕业论文写作了一定的研究年，旨在提高学生撰写英语毕业论文的水平。
主要分为两大类，第一类讨论的重点是毕业论文题目的选取，论文的格式等；第二类主要一调查问卷为主，讨论毕业论文存在的问题和解决的对策。
以此为背景，为了让广大学生对英语论文写作有一个更全面的认识，本文就关于英语毕业论文写作的性质和意义，选题策略，英语毕业论文写作中存在的主要问题及对策的文献进行综述。
对于英语毕业论文写作中存在争议的问题，如是否要创新的问题提出了自己的看法。
一、英语专业毕业论文的性质和意义1.英语毕业论文的性质臧学运认为英语专业毕业论文除了具备一般论文的学术特征：学术性（scholarly），规范性（formal）, 创新性(original)之外，必须体现出其英语专业的特色，即专业性（professional）。
就其题材和体裁而言，具有说明和议论的性质，论文讨论的重点应该是与英语的文化，语言，翻译，文学或教学法等相关的专业学术性的话题，专业突出性极强。
其次，论文的论点和论据要具备独创性，可靠性和科学性，要有自己独特的观点，论据需要翔实，材料真实可靠。
当然，论文的结构必须规范，完整一致，语言流畅简练，用词准确，得体，生动，多样。
只有这样，创作出来的论文质量才会高。
2. 英语专业毕业论文写作的意义毕业论文的写作是一个个、非常复杂的过程，它包括很多的步骤，如选题，文献的检索和收集，撰写初稿，修改再到定稿等。
小学英语教育文献综述范文
小学英语教育文献综述范文English:In recent years, there has been growing interest and research focus on primary school English education, particularly regarding effective teaching methods, curriculum design, and the role of technology. Scholars have emphasized the importance of creating a conducive learning environment that integrates language learning with other subjects, fosters communicative competence, and promotes learner autonomy. Various teaching approaches such as task-based learning, communicative language teaching, and content and language integrated learning (CLIL) have been explored for their effectiveness in engaging young learners and facilitating language acquisition. Additionally, the integration of technology, including computer-assisted language learning (CALL), digital resources, and educational apps, has become increasingly prevalent, offering diverse opportunities for interactive and personalized learning experiences. Furthermore, attention has been directed towards teacher professional development, highlighting the need for teachers to possess not only linguistic proficiency but also pedagogical skills to effectively cater to the diverse needs of primary school learners.Overall, primary school English education research underscores the significance of holistic and innovative approaches that prioritize meaningful communication, interdisciplinary connections, and learner-centered instruction in fostering language proficiency and intercultural competence.中文翻译:近年来，对小学英语教育的兴趣和研究重点日益增长，特别是对有效的教学方法、课程设计和技术的作用进行研究。
英文文献综述怎么写范文(汇总3篇)
拆解论文结构，是一个很好的理解论文，学习论文写作，同时提高逻辑思维和表达的方法。
方法其实很简单，但凡事不能一蹴而就。
但相信勤加练习以后，你一定会觉得看论文、写论文都不再那么那么痛苦。
最后再来复习一遍步骤吧：step 1：找到自己喜欢的文献综述。
step 2：提炼框架。
提取出文献综述中的结构性语句，得到该篇文献综述的框架。
step3：填答案。
根据得到的框架来有目的地查阅文献，提取相关信息，填上答案。
得到初稿。
step4：多选几篇。
重复之前的方法，对其反复拆解、组装，最终得到完全属于自己的litera ture review。
英文文献综述怎么写范文第2篇当我们已经提炼出一篇文献综述的框架，去填每个空的答案就比较容易了。
但因为论文最注重的就是理论支撑。
我们不能随便百度到答案就填上去。
我们在文献综述中引用的一切，都需要在原文中找到依据。
但去看原文实在太累了。
所以建议的方法是：先在知乎、Quora、学术论坛或者相关好懂的文献综述，看看他们是如何引用这篇paper，评价这篇paper的。
看完之后你的心里就已经有底了。
那么我们需要做的也很简单：1. 翻到相关部分2. 关键词定位 (快速找到答案）3. 同义词替换 (降重)文献综述是一种通过对已有文献进行梳理、分析和评价的方法，以形成系统性的综合性文献报告，探讨某个问题的现状、发展趋势以及未来研究方向的方法。
那么如何写优秀的文献综述呢？下面从几个角度为大家介绍。
1.明确研究目的和问题在写文献综述之前，先要明确自己的研究目的和问题，这有助于你在文献中寻找和汇总符合研究方向的文献资料，也能避免收集到不必要的资料浪费时间。
2.合理筛选文献来源3.分类整理文献资料在文献综述的写作过程中，需要将搜集到的文献进行分类整理，例如按照时间、地区、专业领域、研究角度等进行整合，方便后续的分析和总结。
4.分析比较文献中不同观点和研究方法通过对文献的比较和分析，可以了解研究领域发展的趋势、发现未解决的问题和矛盾，并提出自己的新的解决方法，这就需要作家具有较强的综合分析能力。
英文毕业论文文献综述的写法及范文
文献综述要求：1). 文献综述所用文字---- 英语；2). 文献综述的字数------ 不少于1500字；3). 文献综述的参考文献篇数不得少于10篇,其中英语原版文献2-3篇；4). 文献综述要求中心明确,有逻辑性,前后连贯,而不是将各种摘录放在一起；建议各位老师让学生在写文献综述前先写一份大致的提纲，帮助他们理清自己的思路.文献综述的写法及范文文献综述是对某一方面的专题搜集大量情报资料后经综合分析而写成的一种学术论文，它是科学文献的一种。
文献综述是反映当前某一领域中某分支学科或重要专题的最新进展、学术见解和建议，它往往能反映出有关问题的新动态、新趋势、新水平、新原理和新技术等等。
要求同学们学写综述，至少有以下好处：①通过搜集文献资料过程，可进一步熟悉文献的查找方法和资料的积累方法；在查找的过程中同时也扩大了知识面；②查找文献资料、写文献综述是进行科研的第一步，因此学习文献综述的撰写也是为今后科研活动打基础的过程；③通过综述的写作过程，能提高归纳、分析、综合能力，有利于独立工作能力和科研能力的提高；④文献综述选题范围广，题目可大可小，可难可易，可根据自己的能力和兴趣自由选题。
文献综述与“读书报告”、“文献复习”、“研究进展”等有相似的地方，它们都是从某一方面的专题研究论文或报告中归纳出来的。
但是，文献综述既不像“读书报告”“文献复习”那样，单纯把一级文献客观地归纳报告，也不像“研究进展”那样只讲科学进程，其特点是“综”，“综”是要求对文献资料进行综合分析、归纳整理，使材料更精练明确、更有逻辑层次；“述”就是要求对综合整理后的文献进行比较专门的、全面的、深入的、系统的论述。
总之，文献综述是作者对某一方面问题的历史背景、前人工作、争论焦点、研究现状和发展前景等内容进行评论的科学性论文。
写文献综述一般经过以下几个阶段：即选题，搜集阅读文献资料、拟定提纲（包括归纳、整理、分析）和成文。
一、选题和搜集阅读文献撰写文献综述通常出于某种需要，如为某学术会议的专题、从事某项科研、为某方面积累文献资料等等，所以，文献综述的选题，作者一般是明确的，不像科研课题选题那么困难。
英语学科方面的文献综述范文3000字
英语学科方面的文献综述范文3000字全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: A Literature Review on the English Language SubjectIntroductionEnglish language is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and is the primary language of communication in many fields such as education, business, and diplomacy. Understanding the significance of the English language, it is essential to explore the various aspects of the English language subject, which would contribute to our knowledge and practices in teaching and learning English. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on the English language subject, focusing on its teaching methodologies, learning strategies, and the impact of technology in English language education.Teaching Methodologies in English Language EducationSeveral studies have examined different teaching methodologies in English language education, including the traditional grammar-translation method, communicativelanguage teaching, task-based learning, and content-based instruction. The research suggests that communicative language teaching is the most effective approach to teaching English as a second language, as it focuses on real-life communication and interaction. Task-based learning has also been proven to be beneficial in English language education, as it encourages students to work on meaningful tasks that promote communication and language development.Learning Strategies in English Language EducationResearch on learning strategies in English language education has shown that students employ various strategies to enhance their language learning process. These strategies include cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and social strategies. Cognitive strategies involve the mental processes used by students to understand and remember new information, while metacognitive strategies help students monitor and regulate their own learning. Affective strategies focus on managing emotions and motivation, while social strategies involve interactions with others to improve language skills.Impact of Technology in English Language EducationWith the advancement of technology, there has been a growing interest in incorporating technology into Englishlanguage education. Research has shown that technology can enhance language learning by providing interactive and engaging learning experiences. Online resources, language learning apps, and digital tools have been used to support language learning outside the classroom and enable personalized learning experiences. Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies have also been explored to create immersive language learning environments that simulate real-life situations.ConclusionIn conclusion, this literature review has highlighted the importance of exploring the various aspects of the English language subject, including teaching methodologies, learning strategies, and the impact of technology in English language education. The research suggests that communicative language teaching is an effective approach to teaching English as a second language, while task-based learning promotes language development through meaningful tasks. Students also employ various learning strategies to enhance their language learning process, and technology has the potential to enhance language learning by providing interactive and engaging learning experiences. Further research is needed to explore innovativeapproaches to teaching and learning English language education to meet the diverse needs of learners in the 21st century.篇2Title: Literature Review on Research in English Language TeachingIntroductionEnglish language teaching has been a prominent field of study in the education sector for decades. As the world becomes more interconnected, the importance of English as a global language has increased significantly. This literature review aims to provide an overview of recent research in the field of English language teaching and explore the advancements and challenges facing educators and researchers in this area.MethodsTo conduct this literature review, a systematic search was performed using online databases such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, and ERIC. Keywords such as "English language teaching," "pedagogy," "technology," and "assessment" were used to narrow down the search results. Only peer-reviewed articles published in the last five years were included in this review.Findings1. Technology in English Language TeachingOne of the key themes that emerged from the literature review was the integration of technology in English language teaching. Researchers have explored the use of various technological tools such as online platforms, mobile apps, and virtual reality to enhance language learning. Studies have shown that technology can make learning more interactive and engaging for students, leading to improved outcomes in language acquisition.2. Task-Based LearningTask-based learning has gained popularity in recent years as a more student-centered approach to teaching English. Researchers have highlighted the benefits of using real-world tasks and activities to promote language learning and communication skills. Task-based learning has been shown to be effective in improving students' fluency, accuracy, and confidence in using English.3. Multilingualism and DiversityWith the increasing cultural diversity in classrooms, educators are exploring new strategies to support multilingualstudents in English language learning. Research has shown that embracing students' native languages and cultures can enhance their language acquisition and overall academic performance. Educators are encouraged to adopt a more inclusive approach and create a supportive environment for diverse learners.4. Assessment in English Language TeachingAssessment plays a crucial role in evaluating students' language proficiency and progress in English language teaching. Recent research has focused on innovative assessment methods such as performance tasks, portfolios, and self-assessment tools. These approaches aim to provide a more holistic view of students' language abilities and promote reflective learning practices.Challenges and Future DirectionsDespite the advancements in research in English language teaching, several challenges remain. One of the key challenges is the digital divide, where students from disadvantaged backgrounds may not have access to technology for language learning. Educators need to address this disparity and ensure equal opportunities for all students. Additionally, the growing emphasis on standardized testing in English language teachinghas raised concerns about its impact on teaching and learning outcomes.In conclusion, this literature review has highlighted the recent advancements and challenges in English language teaching research. Educators and researchers are encouraged to continue exploring innovative approaches to enhance language learning and support the diverse needs of students. By addressing the challenges and embracing new technologies, English language teaching can evolve to meet the demands of a globalized world.篇3Literature Review on the English Language Teaching FieldIntroductionEnglish language teaching is a dynamic and constantly evolving field that has undergone significant changes in recent years due to advances in technology and changes in educational practices. This literature review aims to provide an overview of current research and trends in the field of English language teaching, focusing on key topics such as language acquisition, teaching methodologies, and the use of technology in the classroom.Language AcquisitionOne of the central concerns in the field of English language teaching is the process of language acquisition. Researchers have focused on understanding how second language learners acquire English language skills and the factors that influence language learning. Studies have shown that the age at which a learner begins studying English, as well as their motivation and exposure to the language, can impact their language proficiency.Research has also explored the role of individual differences such as cognitive abilities and learning styles in language acquisition. For example, learners who have a strong auditory memory may excel in pronunciation, while those withvisual-spatial intelligence may find it easier to understand written texts. Understanding these individual differences can help educators tailor their teaching approaches to better meet the needs of diverse learners.Teaching MethodologiesTeaching methodologies play a crucial role in English language education, as they determine how language skills are taught and practiced in the classroom. Traditional teaching methods focused on grammar rules and memorization, but recent research has emphasized the importance ofcommunicative language teaching approaches that prioritize meaningful communication and real-world language use.Task-based learning, for example, is a popular approach that involves engaging students in authentic language tasks that help them develop their language skills in context. This approach encourages learners to use English to complete real-world tasks, such as giving presentations or participating in group discussions. Research has shown that task-based learning can improve students' fluency, accuracy, and confidence in using English.The use of technology in language teaching has also transformed the way English is taught in classrooms around the world. Online resources such as language learning apps, virtual classrooms, and interactive multimedia materials have made language learning more accessible and engaging for students. Research has shown that technology-enhanced language learning can improve students' motivation, engagement, and language proficiency.ConclusionIn conclusion, the field of English language teaching is a rich and diverse area of research that continues to evolve as new technologies and teaching approaches emerge. Byunderstanding key topics such as language acquisition, teaching methodologies, and the use of technology in the classroom, educators can better meet the needs of their students and promote effective language learning. Further research and collaboration among educators, researchers, and policymakers are essential to advancing the field of English language teaching and improving language education for learners worldwide.。
小学英语写作文教学研究文献综述
小学英语写作文教学研究文献综述Teaching English writing in elementary schools has been a topic of extensive research and discussion in the field of language education. As English has become a global language, the importance of developing strong writing skills at an early age has been widely recognized. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on effective strategies and approaches for teaching English writing in elementary schools.One of the key focuses in the literature is the role of explicit instruction in developing writing skills. Studies have shown that providing students with clear and structured lessons on the fundamental elements of writing, such as grammar, sentence structure, and organization, can significantly improve their writing proficiency (Graham & Perin, 2007). Researchers have emphasized the importance of incorporating direct instruction on these technical aspects of writing, as well as opportunities for students to practice and apply their knowledge in authentic writing tasks (Troia & Graham, 2016).Another area of focus in the literature is the integration of various writing genres and purposes into the elementary English curriculum. Researchers have argued that exposing students to a diverse range of writing styles, from narrative to persuasive to informative, can help them develop a more well-rounded set of writing skills (Calkins, 1994). Additionally, incorporating writing tasks that are relevant to students' lives and interests, such as personal narratives or letters to community members, can enhance their engagement and motivation in the writing process (Pritchard & Honeycutt, 2006).The importance of providing meaningful feedback and opportunities for revision has also been highlighted in the literature. Studies have shown that effective feedback, which provides specific guidance on areas for improvement and encourages students to engage in self-reflection, can significantly enhance the quality of student writing (Hattie & Timperley, 2007). Furthermore, allowing students to revise their work based on feedback can help them develop a deeper understanding of the writing process and foster a growth mindset towards improving their skills (Troia & Graham, 2016).Another key area of research in this field is the integration of technology into the teaching of English writing. With the increasing prevalence of digital tools and platforms, researchers have explored the potential benefits of incorporating technology-based activities, such as online writing platforms, collaborative writing projects, andmultimedia composition, into the elementary English curriculum (Beschorner & Hutchison, 2013). These studies have highlighted the ways in which technology can enhance student engagement, facilitate peer feedback, and support the development of multimodal writing skills.The role of teacher training and professional development in effective English writing instruction has also been a focus in the literature. Researchers have emphasized the importance of providing teachers with ongoing support and opportunities to enhance their own writing skills, as well as their pedagogical knowledge and strategies for teaching writing (Troia & Graham, 2016). This includes training on the use of evidence-based instructional approaches, the integration of technology, and the implementation of effective feedback and assessment practices.Finally, the literature has also explored the ways in which the cultural and linguistic diversity of students in elementary schools can be leveraged to enhance English writing instruction. Studies have shown that incorporating students' home languages and cultural experiences into the writing curriculum can not only support their language development but also foster a sense of identity and belonging (Cummins, 2001). Additionally, researchers have highlighted the importance of adapting instructional approaches to meet the diverse needs and learning styles of students from variousbackgrounds (Santamaria, 2009).In conclusion, the literature on teaching English writing in elementary schools highlights the multifaceted and complex nature of this field. Effective writing instruction requires a combination of explicit instruction, diverse writing experiences, meaningful feedback, technology integration, and a deep understanding of the diverse needs and backgrounds of students. By drawing on the insights and best practices identified in the research, educators can develop comprehensive and effective strategies for supporting the development of strong English writing skills in elementary school students.。
英文论文写作文献综述
英文论文写作文献综述英文：When it comes to writing a literature review for an English paper, there are several key elements to keep in mind. First and foremost, it's important to choose relevant and credible sources that support your argument or thesis statement. This means conducting thorough research and evaluating the quality and reliability of each source.Once you've gathered your sources, it's time to start organizing your literature review. One common approach is to group sources by theme or topic, highlightingsimilarities and differences between different studies or articles. Another option is to organize sources chronologically, tracing the development of research on your topic over time.As you write your literature review, it's important to not simply summarize each source, but to critically analyzeand evaluate the information presented. This meansidentifying strengths and weaknesses in each study, and considering how each source contributes to the overall understanding of your topic.Finally, it's important to synthesize the information presented in your literature review, drawing connections between different sources and highlighting key takeaways from your research. This can help to provide a clear and comprehensive overview of the current state of research on your topic.中文：在撰写英文论文的文献综述时，需要注意几个关键要素。
初中英语写作文献综述
初中英语写作文献综述In the realm of English writing, middle school students face a unique set of challenges. The transition from basic grammar to more complex sentence structures requires a solid foundation in language mechanics.The literature on teaching English writing to middle schoolers emphasizes the importance of scaffolding. Teachers often introduce new concepts gradually, allowing students to build upon their existing knowledge. This approach fosters a deeper understanding and encourages creativity.Moreover, the role of vocabulary cannot be overstated. A rich vocabulary enables students to express their thoughts more precisely. Literature reviews suggest that incorporating a variety of reading materials can significantly enhance students' vocabulary acquisition.Feedback is another critical component in the writing process. Constructive criticism helps students identify areas for improvement and refine their writing skills. Peer reviews and teacher annotations are both effective methods for providing feedback.The integration of technology in the classroom has also transformed the way students approach writing. Online platforms and software tools can assist with grammar checks, vocabulary enhancement, and even provide instant feedback,making the learning process more interactive and engaging.Cultural awareness is another aspect that literature reviews highlight. Exposure to different cultures through literature can broaden students' perspectives and inspire them to explore diverse writing styles and themes.Lastly, the literature underscores the significance of practice. Regular writing assignments and exercises are essential for honing writing skills. Consistent practice, coupled with thoughtful reflection, leads to noticeable improvements in students' writing abilities.In conclusion, the literature on middle school English writing underscores the need for a structured approach, rich vocabulary, constructive feedback, technological integration, cultural exposure, and consistent practice to foster proficient writers.。
英语教学法文献综述范文模板例文
英语教学法文献综述范文模板例文教学法是指教师在教学过程中所采用的方法和策略。
在英语教学中，选择合适的教学法对于学生的学习效果至关重要。
本文将综述一些英语教学法的研究，并提供一个范文模板作为参考。
一、直接法直接法是指在教学中直接使用目标语言进行交流和教学。
这种教学法强调了语言的实际运用，通过模仿和表演等方式提高学生的口语表达能力。
研究表明，直接法能够帮助学生更快地掌握语言，提高他们的交际能力。
范文模板：直接法在英语教学中的应用直接法是一种有效的教学法，它能够帮助学生更好地掌握英语。
直接法强调了语言的实际运用，通过让学生直接使用目标语言进行交流和教学，提高他们的口语表达能力。
在直接法中，教师扮演着引导者的角色，通过示范和激励，鼓励学生运用英语进行沟通和表达。
在课堂上，教师可以设计各种情景，让学生在实际交流中学习语言。
比如，教师可以组织角色扮演活动，让学生扮演不同的角色，使用英语进行对话。
这种方式可以激发学生的兴趣，提高他们的口语表达能力。
研究表明，直接法对于学生的学习效果有积极的影响。
通过直接使用目标语言进行交流，学生能够更快地掌握语言。
此外，直接法还可以提高学生的交际能力，培养他们的语言思维能力。
总之，直接法是一种有效的英语教学法。
通过直接使用目标语言进行交流，学生可以更好地掌握英语。
教师在教学中可以运用各种情景，激发学生的兴趣，提高他们的口语表达能力。
因此，在英语教学中应该广泛采用直接法。
二、交际法交际法是指在教学中注重学生的交际能力培养。
这种教学法强调学生的实际应用能力，通过情境交际和真实对话等方式提高学生的语言交际能力。
研究表明，交际法能够激发学生的学习兴趣，提高他们的语言运用能力。
范文模板：交际法在英语教学中的应用交际法是一种有效的教学法，它能够帮助学生更好地掌握英语。
交际法强调了学生的交际能力培养，通过情境交际和真实对话等方式提高学生的语言交际能力。
在交际法中，教师注重创造一个真实的语言环境，激发学生的学习兴趣。
文献综述英语 师范
文献综述英语师范A literature review, also known as a literature surveyor bibliographic essay, is a comprehensive and critical analysis of the existing knowledge on a specific topic. In the context of education, a literature review in the fieldof pedagogy or educational theory is commonly referred toas an "educational literature review" or "pedagogical literature review."When conducting a literature review in the field of education, it is essential to consider various perspectives, methodologies, and theoretical frameworks. The reviewshould encompass a wide range of sources, including academic journals, books, conference proceedings, and other scholarly publications. It is crucial to criticallyevaluate and synthesize the existing literature to identify gaps in the current knowledge and to offer insights for future research.A comprehensive educational literature review mayinclude the following components:1. Introduction: Provide an overview of the topic andits significance in the field of education. Clearlyarticulate the research questions or objectives that guide the literature review.2. Methodology: Describe the search strategy andcriteria for selecting relevant sources. Explain the databases, libraries, and other resources used to gatherthe literature.3. Thematic Analysis: Organize the literature into themes or categories based on commonalities and differences. Identify key concepts, theories, and empirical findings related to the topic.4. Critical Evaluation: Assess the strengths and limitations of the existing literature. Discuss conflicting viewpoints and unresolved issues within the field of study.5. Synthesis: Integrate the findings from differentsources to develop a coherent and comprehensive understanding of the topic. Highlight areas where consensus exists and where further research is needed.6. Implications for Practice and Research: Discuss the practical implications of the literature review for educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders in thefield of education. Additionally, propose potential avenues for future research based on the gaps identified in the literature.In conclusion, a literature review in the field of education serves as a valuable tool for synthesizingexisting knowledge, identifying research gaps, andinforming future scholarly endeavors. By approaching the literature from multiple angles and critically analyzingits content, researchers can contribute to the ongoing dialogue and advancement of educational theory and practice.。
英语论文写作文献综述
英语论文写作文献综述1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。
2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。
（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。
字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。
4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。
关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。
每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。
主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。
5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。
引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义，并指出论文写作的范围。
引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。
〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。
主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证与步骤； d.结论。
6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。
参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。
中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。
（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
最低0.27元开通文库会员，查看完整内容> 原发布者：王宏博818 HowtoWriteaLiteratureReview?.ThedefinitionofLiteratureReview文献综述（LiterautreReview）是科研论文中重要的文体之一。
它以作者对各种文献资料的整理、归纳、分析和比较为基础，就某个专题的历史背景、前人的工作、研究现状、争论的焦点及发展前景等方面进行综合、总结和评论。
英语讲课文献综述
英语讲课文献综述IntroductionA literature review involves evaluating and researching a range of sources relevant to a particular topic or subject. Specifically, an English lecture literature review requires evaluating sources that focus on the teaching and learning of English as a second language. This paper provides a comprehensive review of literature on the various aspects of English education, including learning and teaching strategies, teacher qualifications, and assessment methods.Learning and Teaching StrategiesThe primary objective of language instruction is to help learners develop proficiency in the use of English in various contexts. To achieve this goal, various methods and strategies have been developed over the years. These approaches have their strengths and weaknesses, with some more effective than others. The most common strategies used in English education include grammar translation, audio-lingual, communicative, and task-based methods. The grammar translation method was prominent in the past but has fallen out of favor in recent years. This approach focuses on learning grammar rules and translating texts from English to the learner's native language. Its main weakness is that learners may not develop the necessary skills to communicate effectively in English.The audio-lingual method is another approach that emphasizes repetition and drilling to help learners acquire language skills.While this method can be effective, learners may not develop the necessary skills to communicate effectively in a real-world context.The communicative approach is an innovative and effective method that focuses on meaningful communication and interaction. This approach emphasizes the importance of learners' ability to communicate effectively in English.Finally, the task-based method is a more recent innovation that focuses on learners completing tasks in English. This approach allows for the development of various language skills such as speaking, listening, reading and writing, in a way that ensures that learners can use English in various contexts effectively.Teacher QualificationsThe qualifications of teachers are critical to the success of English education. The ability of a teacher to teach English as a second language effectively depends on their educational background, experience, and training. English language teachers should have relevant degrees in English, linguistics, or education. Additionally, teachers should receive relevant training to improve their skills in teaching English as a second language.Assessment MethodsThe assessment of proficiency in English is a critical aspect of English education. Schools and institutions of higher learning should use assessment methods that accurately reflect learners' abilities. Common assessment methods include written tests, oralassessments, and portfolio assessments.Written tests are a reliable and accessible method of evaluation, but they may not effectively capture a learner's ability to communicate effectively in English. Oral assessments are an effective way of evaluating a learner's ability to communicate effectively in English. Finally, portfolio assessment is a holistic approach that evaluates various language skills, especially in relation to real-world contexts.ConclusionIn conclusion, a review of literature on English education highlights the importance of adopting effective teaching strategies, teacher qualifications, and appropriate assessment methods. English language learners need to develop essential language skills that are applicable in real-world contexts. Teachers of English as a second language should have the necessary qualifications and training to facilitate the learning process. Finally, assessment methods should accurately evaluate the learners' abilities to communicate effectively in different contexts.。
大学生英语写作能力文献综述
大学生英语写作能力文献综述写作，作为英语学习者听说读写的一项技能，最能体现学习者综合运用语言的能力。
以“大学生英语写作能力”作为关键词，在中国知网核心期刊进行搜索，找到2539条结果。
通过对这些文献进行归类整理分析，并结合大学英语教学大纲和英语四六级写作评分标准，认为大学生英语写作能力包括三个方面，分别是策略能力、语篇能力、语法能力。
希望通过对大学生英语写作能力的文献综述，为研究提高大学生英语写作能力的学者提供宝贵的建议。
一、研究的目的及意义当今世界，随着各国政治、经济、科技、教育、文化的日新月异，英语已成为国际交流的重要工具。
大学生作为国家重点培养的对象，更应该具备用英语进行思维和表达的能力。
鉴于此，《大学英语教学大纲》明确规定了初级阶段大学生的英语写作能力要求：能在阅读与课文难度相仿的书面材料时做笔记、写提纲，能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出不少于120个单词的短文，能写出短信和便条，无重大语言错误。
由此可见，培养大学生的写作能力十分重要，亟待解决。
那么，写作能力究竟是什么？写作能力又包括哪些方面？这是本文要讨论的两大问题。
二、文献综述写作能力是个体必须具备的能力，即构建篇章的能力。
写作能力对于不同的人有不同的要求，不同的内涵。
具体写作能力包括哪些内容？国内外学者对于这个问题的答案不尽相同。
刘润清曾指出，写作能力的高低，直接体现了一个人的语言修养。
写作能力是指写作主体成功地完成写作活动所必须具备的个性心理特征。
Canale和Swain 的交际能力理论认为，交际能力至少由语法能力、社会语言能力、语篇能力和策略能力等四个方面构成。
尽管以上国内外的学者对写作能力的界定各不相同，但从本质上看却有相似之处。
笔者总结认为，一篇文章是建立在深入思考的基础上，对文章的字词句进行加工，组成具有逻辑关系的文本，借以表达作者的思想感情。
首先，作者能力必须要学会从宏观上把握整个写作过程——审题立意，收集整理素材，谋篇布局，运用写作技巧，鉴赏评价文章；其次，从语篇的角度分析，在确定文章的中心后，围绕主题组织文章的结构，选择适合文章体裁的措辞，使文章的安排具有逻辑性和连贯性；最后，从语法层面来讲，运用恰当准确的目标语表达文章的主要内容，包括正确的使用标点符号、字母的大小写、词语搭配、句型结构等方面。
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研究对象：对象主要是在校大学生和少部分研究生，很少涉及中小学、 高职、成人教育和网络远程教育的学生。这说明了在研究对象的范围上 存在着明显不足，需要进一步拓展。
写作教材：时下对于写作教材的研究十分匮乏，症结在于大学英语教学 往往把写作当做一种附属，而不是当做一门专业课程来设置，常见的只 有各种针对过级考试的应试教材。因此，学生缺乏对写作理论相关方面 的系统认知，较多的是模仿而缺乏创新。有待于研究者对各种教材做更 深层次地探索，设计出更权威、更科学、更适合中国学生特点的教材。
Teaching Writing
OPINIONS:
应对学生输入英汉思维模式异同的有关知识，使学生能够用英语思维模式来 编排文章结构，写出符合英语表达习惯的文章（李松涛） 理解性输出与语言学习效率关系的教学模式，不仅能提高英语写作技能，而 且对提高学习效率也能起到积极地促进作用（吴斐）。 充分发挥背诵式语言输入在我国外语写作教学中的实际应用。教师具备较好 的隐喻认知的基础理论和教学实践能力，对学生的隐喻能力会有很好的促进 作用，并能提高其写作能力（邓鹂鸣、王香云）。
写作评估和反馈：
在网络环境下，实施英语写作教学 的动态评估以提高写作能力（张艳 红）。 同伴反馈在大学英语写作教学中， 对提高学生在写作方面自主学习能 力的作用（孟晓）。 通过写作教学与博客的相互整合， 从而提高学生写作的积极性，有效 地提高英语写作教学效果的方法（ 郭晓英） 在英语写作教学中运用 博客可以最大限度地发挥过程写作 教学法的优势，以提高学生英语写 作能力（刘奕、王小兰）。
研究方法：
以实证研究为主，从2005年 所占的３５％到2010年的５ ９％，所占的比例逐年稳步 递增； 以思辨性研究为辅，从2005 年所占的６５％到2010年的 ４１％，所占比例逐年递减。 在这些文献中，涵盖了分层 抽样的实证研究（如王金巴、 王俊菊等）和随机抽样研究 （如楼荷英、田小玲等）。
母语思维： 通常我们认为,二语水平越高,母语思维量越少。其实不然。虽 然母语思维量随二语水平的提高而减少,但解题和结构构思活动中的母语 思维量却没有明显的递减趋势（王文宇,文秋芳） 某些思维活动中(文本输出) 的母语影响是消极的,而某些母语 思维(如内容构思、结构构思、过程控制) 对二语作文的质量并无明显的 负面影响。 二语写作者通常会受他们母语所固有的语篇结构模式的制约 作文语篇知识的提高对实际英语写作水平的提高没有大的影响,而增加课 外非命题写作练习对提高英语写作水平能产生积极作用（王立非）。
网络外语教学已经发展成为与传统课堂外语教学并 行的全新教学模式，是提高外语写作能力的新途径。
探讨完善的写作评改机制：内容、结构、语言的关 注如何分配? 教师评改与同学互改各有何利弊? 如何灵活 使用这两种方法? 提高写作测试的信度与效度 写作研究焦点很少触及写作过程（国外上世纪80年 代：观察、有声思维、回顾性访谈等方法）。作者在用 一种不熟悉的语言写作时,不得不在语言上花费更多的注 意力,从而导致了结构不清和其他问题，学生写作时如何 构思、如何成文、如何修改? 他们会遇到哪些困难、采 用哪些写作策略?
思 考 与 展 望
丰富英语写作内容尚需研究：改善英语写作内容匮 乏方面的指导文章较少，在传统写作教学的过程中，往 往采取固定的“提纲式”的模式，有碍于学生写作时的 创造性发挥。
创新教学模式尚需研究：跨学科、多学科融合。加 强国内英语写作教学与相关学科（如语言学、心理语言 学、社会语言学、社会学等基础理论学科）相结合的研 究，从多角度看问题，找到切入点，研究形成适合国内 学生特点的崭新教学模式。
教师要帮助学习者有效利用交际策略，避免学生回避现象和策略的使用（王 金巴）
要想提高学生的写作能力，必须同时注意语篇的局部连贯和整体连贯（梁茂 成）。
对比研究传统写作教学方法和基于语料库的教学方法，发现基于语料库的教 学更有优势，可以促进学生写作水平的提高（蔡少莲）。
运用词块进行题型训练，有效提高外贸英语写作教学水平的方法（李太志）
思 考 与 展 望
写作教学的研究主要针对三个问题:
容的贫乏;写作内容的挖掘重视不够。需要 从教学大纲和教学环节等各方面进行调整和改进。
第二,什么样的写作教学方法最有效?
第三,如何提高教师评改的有效性? (内容、结构、语法)
两种只评改语法,一种只评改内容,另两种既评内容又改语法。发现 不同的评改方法均有效,不同纠错方法的效果并没有很大的区别。