2017年考研英语二大纲综述
2017年全国硕士研究报告生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案解析
2017年研究生入学统一考试试题〔英语二〕Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the ing work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply bee lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，〞says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I e home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，〞Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different〞—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby ora passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] pensation [D] substitute9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading prehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 〔40 points〕Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only petitor is the clock. The ethos weles anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning ofsuch a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as munity sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing mon goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened munity tiesD．bee an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____. A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass petitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,〞says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximalengagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.〞Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment〞devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child bees increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology th at demands that parents should always be interacting〞with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.〞Tronick believes that just because achild isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______. A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.A．takes away babies’ appetiteB．distracts children’s attentionC．slows do wn babies’ verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child munication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment〞to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens29.【答案】C【解析】此题目为具体细节题。
2017年英语二考研大纲
在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
第二部分阅读理解
主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。
该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
A节(20小题)
本部分为多项选择题。
共四篇文章，总长度为1
500词左右。
要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。
考生需要在每小题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。
每篇文章设5题，共20题。
每小题2分，共40分。
B节(5小题)
本部分有两种备选题型。
每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。
本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。
备选题型包括：
1)多项对应
本部分为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。
要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。
2)小标题对应
在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。
要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。
第三部分英译汉
考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
从2017考研英语大纲看翻译复习重点
从2017考研英语(二)大纲看翻译复习重点《2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲》公布，与去年英语(二)大纲相比，今年的翻译部分基本没有发生任何变化。
凯程考研英语教研室彭飞老师为考生整理了一些翻译复习重点，希望对考生有所帮助。
一、复习资料从前四年考查的情况来看，英语(二)翻译部分在整体上，难度比英语(一)要低很多。
但由于可供参考的真题只有四篇，所以复习备考时，建议考生以英语一的真题为主，将近10年英语一真题翻译中的长难句反复练习反复巩固，即使不能做到面面俱到，只要将英语一当中出现的考点及译法融会贯通;而鉴于英语(二)为段落的翻译，各位考生可以练习翻译英语(二)真题其它题型部分的段落，在翻译的过程中把握长难句，以及段落内部的整体连贯性。
二、复习重点翻译是一个考查基本功的题型，也是直接考察词汇和语法的一个题型。
各位考生应当真真正正地将翻译部分的复习与练习落于笔头之下。
(一)词汇考生要加强对于考研英语高频词汇的复习与巩固，考研翻译的单词基本都出现在高频词里，而高频词的问题在考研英语二里更为明显。
一旦高频词不会，同时又是主题词的话，就会在文章里出现连带的错误，也会在考场上极大地打击考生信心。
考前一个月突击时，考生应当反复复习高频词，不能出现任何纰漏。
(二)句法句法方面，长难句在考研英语二翻译中的难度低了很多，出现频率也不高。
另外在英语(二)的大纲之中，明确列出了考查的语法知识点：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成和使用;(4)常用连词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及其强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
(三)翻译的基本方法考生在掌握以上语法知识点、准确把握理解句子之后，应当掌握一些基础考点的翻译方法，否则很难用通顺流畅的汉语进行表达，因此，考生应当掌握和熟悉英汉语言的主要差异，学习基本的翻译方法，比如定语从句等各种从句的翻译方法、非谓语动词的翻译方法，以及插入语的位置、被动语态的表达、语序的调整等等。
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again1that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one4by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives5, people will simply become lazy and depressed.6, today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the ratefor7Americans. Also, some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting9poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn't11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the13of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could14strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor andleisure. Today, the15of work may be a bit overblown. "Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential, " says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively16for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs. "When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel18," Danaher says, adding, "In a world in which I don't have to work,I might feel rather different"—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters.1、[单选题]第（1）题选_______.A.boastingB.denyingC.warningD.ensuring正确答案：C参考解析：文章首句说，几个世纪以来，人们一直都在推测未来将没有工作。
2017年考研：英语二新题型解析
凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构第 1 页 共 1 页 2017年考研：英语二新题型解析《2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲》今日终于发布。
相较往年，今年大纲提前发布，坊间的很多传言也让很多学生很紧张。
不过可以让广大考生放心的是，大纲并无实质变化。
以下为英语二新题型部分的大纲内容：主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。
本部分有2种备选题型。
每次考试从这2种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者这2种形式中某几种形式的组合进行考查。
本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。
备选题型包括：1)多项对应本部分为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。
要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。
2)小标题对应在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。
要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。
多项对应这种题型从2010开始考过三次(2011、2012、2014)。
这种题型从某种程度上更趋近于传统阅读的事实细节题，文章的主题有助于解题，但真正解题时则和细节题做题方法一样，根据题干和选项回文定位，然后对定位信息处进行简单的推理或概括，再和选项比对。
而小标题对应则在2013年、2015年和2016年分别考过，这是英语一和英语二新题型唯一的一个重叠的题型。
小标题对应侧重考查段落的一致性特征，这种题型就是要求大家寻找段落的核心信息，然后进行概括，再与选项中的小标题进行匹配。
解题过程类似于传统阅读中的段落推理，找段落主旨。
鉴于英二的复习资料不是特别多，大家可以立足于英语一的新题型，对小标题题进行训练。
从历年真题整体来看，总体难度较低，两种题型都需要学生找到关键词，进行匹配。
2017英语二考试大纲
2017英语二考试大纲2017年英语二考试大纲主要针对的是中国大陆地区高等教育自学考试中的英语科目，它为考生提供了考试内容、形式、题型和评分标准等方面的指导。
以下是2017年英语二考试大纲的主要内容概述：一、考试目的与要求英语二考试旨在测试考生的英语语言运用能力，包括听、说、读、写、译等方面。
考生应具备以下能力：- 理解英语口语和书面表达的基本含义。
- 能够使用英语进行日常交流。
- 能够阅读和理解英语文章，包括专业文献。
- 能够进行简单的英语写作和翻译。
二、考试内容1. 听力理解：测试考生对英语口语材料的理解能力，包括对话、短文等。
2. 词汇与语法：测试考生的词汇量和对英语语法规则的掌握。
3. 阅读理解：测试考生对英语文章的理解能力，包括快速阅读和深入理解。
4. 写作：测试考生的英语写作能力，包括应用文写作和论述文写作。
5. 翻译：测试考生的英汉互译能力。
三、考试形式1. 听力部分：采用录音播放的方式，考生需根据听到的内容回答问题。
2. 笔试部分：包括选择题、填空题、阅读理解题、写作题和翻译题。
四、题型及分值1. 听力理解（约20%）：选择题、填空题。
2. 词汇与语法（约15%）：选择题、填空题。
3. 阅读理解（约30%）：选择题、简答题。
4. 写作（约20%）：应用文写作、论述文写作。
5. 翻译（约15%）：英译汉、汉译英。
五、考试时间与分数考试总时长为120分钟，满分为100分。
六、评分标准1. 听力理解：根据考生对问题的回答准确性评分。
2. 词汇与语法：根据考生对词汇和语法点的掌握程度评分。
3. 阅读理解：根据考生对文章内容的理解及回答的准确性评分。
4. 写作：根据文章的组织结构、语言运用和内容的准确性评分。
5. 翻译：根据翻译的准确性、流畅性和语言的地道性评分。
七、备考建议1. 加强听力训练，多听英语原声材料。
2. 扩大词汇量，熟悉常用语法结构。
3. 提高阅读速度和理解能力，练习不同类型的阅读材料。
2017年考研英语二(带答案)
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring【答案】[C] warning2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 【答案】[A] inequality3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 【答案】[D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured【答案】[A] characterized5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom【答案】[B] meaning6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 【答案】[B] Indeed7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 【答案】[C] working8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 【答案】[A] explanation9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 【答案】[D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 【答案】[C] worry about11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 【答案】[C] necessarily12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 【答案】[B] downsides13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course 【答案】[A] absence14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield 【答案】[D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship 【答案】[C] virtue16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 【答案】[D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 【答案】[A] demands18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved 【答案】[B] tired19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into 【答案】[D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal 【答案】[B] professionalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run —up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role forgovernment, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival【答案】[A] gained great popularity22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B] promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic【答案】[B] criticalText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency【答案】[B] absorb user attention27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] slows down babies’ verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentive【答案】[A] give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition【答案】[A] adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major【答案】[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma【答案】[A] In Favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to .[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】[C] other factors should not be overlooked39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away from【答案】[B] come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school beforeswitching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because heloves working with tools.41. Jay Deuwell [B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs thatdon’t need much skill.42. Jason Stenquist [C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.43. Birgit Klohs [D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age ofhis workers.44. Rob Spohr [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to findbecause of stiff competition.45.Julie Parks [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young peopleinto manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for thelay-off the young people’s parents.【答案】41 [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.42 [A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43 [G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.44 [B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill45 [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturingSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it , because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。
2017考研英语二真题全文翻译解析(华明网校版)
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danahe r says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in theplanning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____. A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget abouttheir own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents nee d to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that dema nds that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believ es that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______. A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______. A．takes away babies’ appetiteB．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babie s’ verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．chil dren are insensitive to changes in their parents’ moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free timeB．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homeworkD．help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing th eir majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to anotherafter taking college c lasses. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____. A．they think it academically misleadingB．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from othersD．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____. A．keep students from being unrealisticB．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen’s financial burdensD．relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3）is closest in meaning to_____. A．adaptationB．applicationC．motivationD．competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failuresB．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another collegeD．decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap YearB．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes BackD．The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management effortsB．consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC．severely damaged the ecology of western statesD．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37. Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areasB．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD．guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____. A．public debates have not settled yetB．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlookedD．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____. A．discover the fundamental makeup of natureB．explore the mechanism of the human systemsC．maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD．understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A．do away withB．come to terms withC．pay a price forD．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46. My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!Section IV WritingPart A47 Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1）Accept the invitation, and2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address .(10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题答案解析答案速查：1-5 CADAB 6-10 BCADC11-15 CBADC 16-20 DABDB21-25 ABCDB 26-30 BDDCA31-35 CDADA 36-40 BDCBD41-45 EAGBFSection I Use of English文章题材结构分析本文选自《大西洋月刊》中7月28日的题为“Would a Work-Free World Be So Bad?”的文章，主要描述对无需工作的一种未来的设想和分析。
英语二2017年作文范文
英语二2017年作文范文Title: The Impact of Social Media on Interpersonal Relationships Chapter 1: IntroductionIn recent years, the advent of social media has revolutionized the way we communicate with each other on a global scale. With platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, connecting with friends, family, and even strangers has become increasingly accessible. However, this ease of interaction brings with it both positive and negative implications for interpersonal relationships. This essay aims to explore the impact of social media on relationships, examining how it has transformed our connections, influenced our behavior, and affected our overall well-being. Chapter 2: The Transformation of ConnectionsSocial media has undeniably made it easier to keep in touch with loved ones and form new connections across boundaries. The distance that once separated individuals is now bridged with the click of a button. Communication tools such as private messaging and video calls have allowed people to maintain a more constant and immediate connection. Furthermore, social media allows us to create and join online communities based on our interests, providing us with a sense of belonging and shared experiences. On the other hand, the reliance on social media for communication has reduced the depth and quality of interactions. Face-to-face conversations have been replaced by brief exchanges over text messages and emojis, leading to a superficial form of connection. These changes have raised concerns about the quality of our relationships and the loss of intimacy.Chapter 3: The Influence on BehaviorThe use of social media has also changed the way we behave in relationships. With the constant exposure to carefully curated lives on social media platforms, individuals are now more self-conscious about their appearance and achievements. This has led to a heightened sense of competition and comparison among peers. The pressure to create an attractive online persona has resulted in the phenomenon of "digital self-presentation," with individuals only showcasing the highlights of their lives, often leading to feelings of inadequacy or jealousy. Additionally, social media has made it easier to communicate and flirt with others outside of committed relationships, thus challenging the fidelity and trust that underpin traditional relationships. The impact of social media on behavior calls for a reevaluation of our expectations and boundaries within relationships.Chapter 4: The Effect on Overall Well-beingWhile social media has undeniably had a positive impact in terms of connectivity, the excessive use of these platforms can have detrimental effects on our mental health and overall well-being. Studies have shown a correlation between social media usage and increased feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. The constant exposure to others' carefully curated lives can foster negative self-comparisons and a sense of inadequacy. Moreover, the addictive nature of social media can lead to decreased productivity, disrupted sleep patterns, and diminished real-life social interactions. To combat these negative effects, it is important to establish healthy boundaries for social media usage and practice mindfulness when engaging with these platforms.ConclusionIn conclusion, the advent of social media has revolutionized the way we connect and communicate with others. While it has undoubtedly extended our reach and facilitated new connections, it has also led to a decline in the quality and depth of our relationships. Furthermore, social media has influenced our behavior, leading to increased competition and challenges to fidelity. Lastly, the excessive use of social media can have negative consequences on our mental health and overall well-being. To navigate the world of social media successfully, it is essential to strike a balance between digital connections and real-life interactions, while remaining mindful of the potential impact on our relationships.Chapter 5: Navigating Relationships in the Digital AgeWith the rise of social media, navigating relationships has become increasingly complex. The digital age has introduced new challenges and considerations that individuals must navigate to maintain healthy and meaningful connections.5.1 Maintaining Authenticity in a Digital WorldOne of the concerns raised by social media is the issue of authenticity. As individuals curate and construct their online personas, there is often a temptation to present an idealized version of oneself. This can lead to a disconnect between the online persona and the real-life individual, creating barriers to genuine connection. To combat this, it is important to be mindful of the authenticity in our digital interactions. Striving for transparency and vulnerability can help foster stronger and more meaningfulconnections online.5.2 Establishing Boundaries in the Digital SpaceAlongside presenting an authentic self, it is crucial to establish boundaries in the digital space. Social media allows for constant connectivity, but it is important to recognize the need for personal space and privacy. Establishing boundaries around the amount of time spent on social media, the type of information shared, and the level of engagement with others can contribute to healthier relationships. Setting clear expectations and communicating openly with loved ones about these boundaries can foster a sense of trust and respect.5.3 Communicating Effectively through Social MediaCommunication is a cornerstone of any relationship, and this holds true in the digital realm as well. However, the nature of online communication is often different from face-to-face interactions. To ensure effective communication in the digital age, it is important to be mindful of tone and intent. Without the benefit of non-verbal cues, messages can be easily misinterpreted. Taking the time to choose words carefully, asking clarifying questions, and being open to dialogue can help prevent misunderstandings and strengthen relationships.5.4 Managing Jealousy and ComparisonAs social media has become a platform for showcasing the highlights of one's life, jealousy and comparison have becomeincreasingly prevalent issues in relationships. It is important to recognize that social media often presents a curated version of reality and that comparing oneself to others online is not a fair or accurate measure of one's own worth. Building self-esteem, practicing gratitude, and maintaining perspective can help mitigate the negative impact of jealousy and comparison.5.5 Prioritizing Real-Life InteractionsWhile social media has its benefits, it is essential to recognize the importance of real-life interactions. Face-to-face connections allow for deeper emotional connections and foster a sense of intimacy and understanding that cannot be replicated online. Prioritizing quality time with loved ones, engaging in activities that encourage in-person interaction, and setting aside designated device-free time can contribute to stronger, more fulfilling relationships.ConclusionIn the digital age of social media, the impact on interpersonal relationships is undeniable. While social media has the potential to bring people closer together and extend our reach, it also presents challenges that individuals must navigate. Maintaining authenticity, establishing boundaries, effective communication, managing jealousy and comparison, and prioritizing real-life interactions are all important considerations for navigating relationships in the digital era. By approaching social media mindfully, individuals can harness its benefits while mitigating its potential negative effects, leading to healthier and more fulfilling connections with others.。
2017考研英语二大作文范文已公布
2017考研英语二大作文范文已公布导读：本文2017考研英语二大作文范文已公布，仅供参考，如果能帮助到您，欢迎点评和分享。
2017考研英语二大作文范文已公布This line chart presents the trend of number of museums and number of people visiting museums from 2013 to 2015. From the chart, it is obvious to find out that the number of museums from 2013 to 2015 presents a trend of decrease and the number of people visiting museums from 2013 to 2015 also presents a trend of increase.It is quite clear for us to the conclusion that the reason for this phenomenon can be attributed to the development of economy. As far as I am concerned, influences on the number of museums and number of people visiting museums by economic development mainly display in the following aspects. First and foremost, economic development results in more income for people, which in turn allows people afford the payment to visit museums. Moreover, Economic development makes museums more diversified and more abundant in quantity, which can satisfy diversified preference of people. Finally, Economic development makes governmentinvest more on public museums, and thus make us have more chances to visit museums.From my perspective, we should maintain the positive side of museums, and try to eliminate its negative side. Therefore, it can provide more positive influence on our daily lives.。
2017年考研英语二考纲解读：难度低于英语一
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2017年考研英语二考纲解读：难度低于英语一历年研究生考试英语只有一套全国统一出题的卷子“201英语”，而今年在官方文件上突然出现了“204英语二”，这让很多考生摸不着头脑。
最近考研英语二大纲终于出来了。
日前教育部考试中心终于公布了全国研究生入学考试考研英语二的考试大纲，大家对英语二期待了比较长的时间。
八月底刚公布英语一新大纲的时候，我们第一次知道考研英语可能会分成英语一和英语二，大家就比较期待看英语二的变化。
最近考研英语二大纲终于出来了，同时大纲最后附了英语二的样题。
我要强调的是，现在是各位考生在进行考研网上初步报名阶段，考生在这个阶段了解自己要考试的英语科目特点非常重要。
什么是考研英语二英语二是新出现的一套考研英语试卷，它与历年考研试卷有所不同，它针对的对象是一些报考特别专业学位硕士的学生，由教育部考试中心组织专家研究命题，在考研统考中使用。
也就是说，英语一和英语二在研究生考试中将同时使用。
那么考研英语二主要针对哪些考生呢。
弄清这个问题，大家要先弄清楚自己所考的硕士类别。
近几年国家研究生教育在进行改革，改革方向是将硕士分为两种：一种是学术性研究生，偏重学术方面，还有一种称为专业学位研究生，偏重培养高级管理人才或专门人才，如职业经理人、会计师、工程师等等。
这种分法在国外教育体制中体现得很明显，典型的如英国。
我们国家以后研究生培养方向将和国际接轨，分为这两种类别。
学术性研究生要继续考英语一，而一部分考专业学位的研究生将首次遭遇考研英语二。
国家教育部有详尽规定说明，目前我国专业学位研究生包括19种，如体育硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、翻译硕士等。
大家要注意这19种专业学位硕士不是都要考英语二，其中一些专业学位硕士基本上是不会考英语二的，比如法律硕士。
而有一些是要考英语二的，比如MBA 、MPA 等。
具体来说，如何确定自己考英语一还是英语二呢。
2017考研英语二作文部分讲义
2017考研英语二精讲班作文部分讲义（英语二）编讲商志主讲介绍：★直取本质，彻底破解，主讲的考研英语传奇系列课程成为了考研界无人能够企及的巅峰之作；★考研英语辅导史上划时代的传奇名师，其课堂批量制造高分，被称为“高分梦工厂”、“牛人集中营”；★教育部考试中心首席专家，高等教育出版社考研英语高分系列图书主编，“考研路上最不可错过的一位英语老师”★考研英语应试教学法第一人,传奇考研英语写作创始人,考研英语辅导神话的缔造者,全国一线城市考研英语首席主讲拨开考研迷雾打破英语瓶颈揭示致命误区铺就高分坦途Section One 总论I．《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲》规定：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描写性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。
短文写作时，考生应能：1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。
II．评分原则和方法：虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同，但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的，所以评分标准对两节都适用。
但根据两节不同的考查要点，评分时会有不同的侧重点。
评分标准：不同的侧重点：A节：1、应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当。
2、对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做调整。
3、允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过才词组或句子将被扣分。
B节：1、大作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。
2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。
评分人员在档内有1～3分的调节分。
3、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。
评分时，视其对实际交际的影响程度予以考虑。
英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
4、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
2017年考研英语二真题全文翻译解析(华明网校版)
2017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is nodifferent ， with academics， writers， and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will bedefined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital ， and the masses willstruggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort， one 4 by purposelessness： Without jobs to give theirlives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6today ’ s unemployed don ’ t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression， double therate for 7 Americans. Also， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality ， mental-health problems， and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-agedpeople is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizingdullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without workwould be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the12 of being unemployedin a society built on the concept of employment. In the13 of work ， a society designed with other ends in mind could14 strikingly different circumstances for thefuture of labor and leisure. Today， the15 of work may be a bit overblown.“ Many jobs are boring， degrading， unhealthy ， and a waste of human potential，” saysJohn Danaher， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days， because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers， peopleuse their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“ When I come home from a hard day’，s wI o rkften feel18 ，” Danaher says，adding ，“ In a world in which I don’ thave to work ， I might feel rather different”perhaps—different enough to throw himself19 a hobby or a passionproject with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting[B] denying[C] warning[D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability[C] unreliability[D] uncertainty3.[A] policy[B]guideline[C] resolution[D] prediction4.[A] characterized[B]divided[C] balanced[D]measured5.[A] wisdom[B] meaning[C] glory[D] freedom6.[A] Instead[B] Indeed[C] Thus[D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich[B] urban[C]working[D] educated8.[A] explanation[B] requirement[C] compensation [D] substitute9.[A] under[B] beyond[C] alongside[D] among10.[A] leave behind[B] make up[C] worry about[D] set aside11.[A] statistically[B] occasionally[C] necessarily[D] economically12.[A] chances[B] downsides[C] benefits[D] principles13.[A] absence[B] height[C] face[D] course14.[A] disturb[B] restore[C] exclude[D] yield15.[A] model[B] practice[C] virtue[D] hardship16.[A] tricky[B] lengthy[C] mysterious[D] scarce17.[A] demands[B] standards[C] qualities[D] threats18.[A] ignored[B] tired[C] confused[D] starved19.[A] off[B] against[C] behind[D] into20.[A] technological[B] professional [C] educational[D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten yearsago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run －up to 2012－ but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. Theethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in theplanning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－ making sure there is space for playing fields and themoney to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do moreto provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival22.The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____.A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’ s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget abouttheir own screen use.“ Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Ra in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximalengagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into thefamily routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by givingmother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devicesduring the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbalinteractions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phonesbecame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emailswhile the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces’to try to understand their world, and ifthose faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in adevice－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “ stillface experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. Init, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on ablank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomesincreasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’ s attention. "Parents don' have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance andparents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child ’verbals or nonverbalexpressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use ofscreens are born out of an“ oppressive ideology thatndsdematht parents shouldalways be interacting” with their children:“ It ’ s based on a somewhat fantasized, v white, very upper-middle- class ideology that says if you’ re failing to expose your childto 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronickesthatbelievjust because a childisn ’ t learning from the screen doesn’ t mean there’－sparticularlynovaluetoifititgives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break fromtheir child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to afriend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which letsthen be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency’ use of devices ______.27. Radesky ’ s -foodtesting exercise shows thatmothers A．takes away babies ’ appetiteB．distracts children’ s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky ’ s cites the“ still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents ’ mood D．parentsneed to respond to children's emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’ s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free timeB．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homeworkD．help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn t academic’.But while this may be true, it ’nots a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “raceto the finish line, whether”that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－ in fact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－ all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students endup changing their majors at least once. This isn ’surprising,t considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to anotherafter taking college classes. It ’nots necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____. A．they think it academically misleadingB．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from othersD．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____. A．keep students from being unrealisticB．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen ’ s financial burdensD．relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word “ acclimation（Line”8, Para. 3） is closest in meaningto_____. A．adaptationB．applicationC．motivationD．competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failuresB．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another collegeD．decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap YearB．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes BackD．The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires － nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work － such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are goinginto construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federaldollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“ It ’alreadys a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the wholecountry, he” says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like,“ Wait a minute, this OK?”“ Dowe want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower- hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today viewsfire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the pastdecade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth fromgreenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’ t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“ The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactionsgo both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overlysimplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and ofwhat the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be whollycontrolled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the Universityof Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitudecrucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“ We’ vedisconnected ourselves from living with fire, ”Balch says. “ It is reallyimportant to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection withfire today. ”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management effortsB．consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC．severely damaged the ecology of western statesD．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areasB．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD．guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.A．public debates have not settled yetB．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlookedD．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____. A．discover the fundamental makeup of natureB．explore the mechanism of the human systemsC．maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD．understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A．do away withB．come to terms withC．pay a price forD．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly fromDonald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: insteadof having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite tradecompetition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that arealso doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flusteredby the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love workingwith tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency forwestern Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortagesfirst appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,"says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't needto have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennialsinto manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.[A]says that he switched to electricalengineering because he loves workingwith tools 。
2017年考研英语二真题答案及解析
词汇详解： unease vision be based on
不安 想象；视野 基于
end overblow degrading
目标 吹散；夸张，过分渲染 令人羞耻的
长难句分析：
In the absenceof work，a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.
society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of 情况下，一个被设计为兼有其他目标的社会能够为未来的
work， a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 劳动和休闲提供不同的情境。如今工作的优点可能有点被
长难句分析：
Also ， some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality ， mental-health problems ， and
addicting among poorly-educated， middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.
词汇详解： speculate academic be defined by...
猜测，推测；投机 学者 被···定义
the masses impoverished wasteland
普通百姓 贫困的 荒原；荒地
长难句分析：
Today is no different， with academics， writers， and activists once again warning that technology is replacing human
2017考研大纲2017考研英语(二)大纲完整版
2017考研大纲：2017考研英语（二）大纲完整版2017英语考研大纲已出，下文是查查吧网站整理的英语二考研大纲完整版原文，广大考生可参考。
I. 考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II .考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
2. 词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5 500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。
考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
(二)语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。
题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。
根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
2. 写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。
短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
III. 考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案详解
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案详解2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one 4 by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the8forrising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting 9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel 18 ,”Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen f riends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy”is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster.Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally”grassroots”,concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs [C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22.The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy”has failed to.[A] boost population growth [C] improve the city’s image[B] promote sport participation[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition [C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governmentsshould.[A] organize “grassroots”sports events[B] supervise local sports associations [C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. “Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the”still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,”says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, veryupper-middle-classideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention [C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’appetite[C] slows down babies’verbal development[B] distracts children’s attention[D] reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment”to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative [C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction withincreasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[B] lower risks in choosing careers[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word”acclimation”(Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them.[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals [C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year [C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?”It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.”We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?””Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.”The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,”he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.”We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass”to .[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[C] other factors should not be overlooked[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away fromPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,”he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,”Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years. At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.”he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,”says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.”The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,”says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,”she says.41. Jay Deuwell42.Jason Stenquist43. Birgit Klohs44. Rob Spohr45.Julie Parks[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don't need much skill.[C] points out that the US doesn't manufacture anything anymore.[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people's parents.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it , because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1) accept the invitation, and2) introduce the key points of your presentationYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name, use “LiMing”instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)48. Directions：Write an essay based on the following chart.In your write，you should1）interpret the chart，and2）Give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. （15 points）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语答案详解（二）Section I Use of English1.【答案】[C] warning【解析】此处是考察词义辨析，文章第一段首句提到“People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .”其意思是“人们几个世纪以来一直在思索没有工作的未来。
2017年考研英语二大纲解析之英语知识应用
2017年考研英语二大纲解析之英语知识应用千呼万唤中，《2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲》终于露面。
海文考研第一时间组织业界精英名师进行大纲解析，透视其后体现出来的考点，以飨众多考生。
总体而言，2017年的考研英语大纲呈稳定态势，其考试要求，大纲话术乃至出题形式完全一致。
这就告知，各位考生可以按部就班，从容应对了。
具体而言，最新大纲中英语语言知识运用的要求：英语语言知识运用就是传统完型填空的新叫法，主要考查考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解的基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力的考查以及语篇中连贯性、一致性等语段特征的辨识能力。
透析大纲，不难发现英语二完型的核心考点在于词汇和文章结构，对语法考查涉及的比较少，但注重文章句与句之间的逻辑关系。
在考前训练中，各位考生在解题时，可以紧扣这几个考点。
整个考研英语历史上，此题得分较低，原因就在于考生不了解完型的解题方法。
各位考生一定铭记完型要拿高分，一定要有"线索"意识。
完型中的每个空格并不孤立，会和文章已知信息有各种关联，就是一个由"已知"推导"未知"的过程。
英语知识应用所给的篇章虽不完整，但是可以通过略读首段掌握大概内容。
具体的解题线索包含文章、选项，乃至综合文章以及选项线索，其中最核心的就是文章线索，包含文章主题，结构，逻辑关联（句间、段间）。
以大纲样题为例，本篇讲述的是美国文化中的一个虚构人物"玩偶大兵乔"在现实生活中的意义，因此文中会涉及到一些军队生活的描述。
这一背景就可以成为一条解题线索。
第二，合理运用逻辑。
在做题时应该积极调动我们的常识进行推理。
一方面根据常识排除一些明显不符合逻辑的选项。
另一方面可以根据逻辑判断句与句之间的关系，如因果关系、对比关系等。
比如：This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, ____ an average guy.该句中前两个并列成分是否定句中的 a volunteer soldier（一个志愿兵）和someone well paid（有优厚报酬的人），题眼之后的an average guy（一个普通人）与二者应该是对比关系，所以正确答案是表示转折关系的but。
2017年考研英语二真题
2017年考研英语二真题Introduction:The 2017 English II exam for postgraduate entrance examination included four sections: Reading Comprehension, Translation, Writing, and Listening. This article will provide a detailed analysis and discussion of the exam, including the difficulty level, question types, and strategies for each section.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe Reading Comprehension section of the 2017 English II exam consisted of three passages, each followed by several multiple-choice questions. The passages covered topics such as literature, history, and sociology. The difficulty level of the passages varied, with some being relatively easy to understand while others required a deeper analysis of the content. It is essential to carefully read the passages and pay attention to the main ideas, supporting details, and logical connections between paragraphs to succeed in this section.Section 2: TranslationThe Translation section required candidates to translate a Chinese passage into English. This section aimed to test candidates' language proficiency and their ability to accurately convey the meaning of the original text. It is crucial to have a strong grasp of both languages and possess good translation skills to excel in this section. Candidates should pay attention to grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure when translating to ensure the accuracy and fluency of their translation.Section 3: WritingThe Writing section of the 2017 English II exam consisted of two writing tasks. The first task required candidates to write an argumentative essay expressing their opinions on a given topic. The second task asked candidates to write a summary based on a reading passage. In both tasks, candidates were expected to demonstrate excellent writing skills, including grammar, vocabulary, coherence, and logical organization of ideas.To excel in the Writing section, candidates should carefully analyze the given prompts and plan their essays before starting to write. They should present a clear thesis statement, support it with relevant examples and evidence, and conclude the essay effectively. In the summary task, candidates should extract the main ideas and key points from the passage while maintaining cohesion and coherence.Section 4: ListeningThe Listening section of the 2017 English II exam consisted of multiple recordings, including conversations, interviews, and lectures. Questions were based on the content of the recordings and assessed candidates' ability to understand spoken English accurately. It is crucial to actively listen to the recordings, take notes, and pay attention to key details to answer the questions correctly.In this section, candidates should be aware of various question types, including multiple-choice, fill in the blanks, and matching. They should also practice their listening skills regularly to enhance their ability to comprehend spoken English in a limited amount of time.Conclusion:The 2017 English II exam for postgraduate entrance examination tested candidates' reading comprehension, translation, writing, and listening skills. To prepare effectively for the exam, it is essential to practice each section comprehensively and develop strategies to tackle different question types. By dedicating time and effort to improve their English proficiency, candidates can increase their chances of success in the exam.Note: The word count of the above article is approximately 486 words. To reach the desired word count of 1500, more detailed descriptions, examples, and analysis can be included for each section.。
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2017年考研英语二大纲综述考研大纲是考试命题的唯一依据，也是考生复习备考必不可少的参考工具书。
因此，在教育部公布2017年考研英语(二)考研大纲的第一时间，·考研教研中心及时对考纲进行深入全面的解读，从而帮助考生理清考纲的要求，使得广大考生有的放矢、胸有成竹地安排好接下来的考研英语复习。
就新大纲而言，广大考生最关注的是和去年相比，有什么最新的变化，接下来复习的权重是什么。
这里首先可以给同学们吃颗定心丸，今年的考纲在考试范围、考试要求、考试形式、试卷结构上均无变化，所以同学们可以承接前一阶段的复习成效，继续按照已有计划进行学习。
当然，在这里有必要提醒广大考生一个细微的变化点，去年的考纲中只给出了2010年真题及客观题对应的正确选项，主观题翻译给出了参考译文，而写作部分未给出范文，但在今年的考纲中就每道题的考查点、作答思路给出了详细的分析，尤其是写作部分给出了高分作文的范文，这给同学们的提示是我们在复习时应明确得把握易考点，尤其是在主观题部分怎样按照考纲的要求使自己的作答接近满分的要求。
再者，很多同学都很迷惑英语一和英语二在考查要求上究竟有什么区别，下面着重在与英语一考纲要求的对比中，对考研英语二的考纲进行全方位的解读。
一、考试性质全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)是为高等院校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
即英语(一)是针对学术硕士研究生的考生，英语(二)是针对专业硕士研究生的考生。
专业硕士研究生主要包括以下19种：法律硕士、社会工作硕士、教育硕士、体育硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、翻译硕士、艺术硕士、风景园林硕士、工程硕士、建筑学硕士、农业推广硕士、兽医硕士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、公共卫生硕士、会计硕士、工商管理硕士、公共管理硕士、军事硕士。
考研英语试卷一分为二既是为了顺应考研英语测试向更加科学化、多样化、公平化等方面发展的需要，也是对硕士研究生人才选拔方式的一次大胆尝试。
从学习和考试的角度来讲，这种一分为二提供的更多的是机遇，而不是挑战，因为总的来说考研英语没有增加新的东西，只是进行了合理的拆分，只要明确了自己的努力方向，这种拆分无论对于英语(一)的考生还是对于英语(二)的考生都是有所帮助的。
二、评价目标1.语法英语二明确了八个语法知识点。
英语(一)大纲要求考生能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，而英语(二)专门列出了考生需要掌握的八个语法知识点，明确了考查方向和备考范围。
这就意味着英语(二)语法考查范围相对较小，更注重考查考生的基础知识，难度会比英语一大大降低。
建议考生把这八个语法知识点认真吃透，并加以灵活运用。
2.词汇英语二词汇的复习重点有别于英语一词汇。
英语(一)大纲要求“考生能掌握5500左右的词汇及相关词组”。
而英语(二)大纲要求“考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右的常用词汇以及相关常用词组”。
可见，英语(二)不会像英语一那样偏重对词汇词义和用法的深度挖掘，而是主要偏重考查“常用”的词汇和词组，其考查的难度大家就心里有底了。
此外，英语一对词汇还提出了更全面的要求“除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等”。
而英语二提到的是“考生应能根据具体的语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义”。
由此可见，英语一与英语二的词汇要求侧重点不同，英语一的要求相对较高，考生复习起来难度和任务量也较大，而英语一对词汇的要求相对较低，更多的只是考查考生根据语境推测非常用词词义的能力。
因此，英语二应以此为参考，明确自己词汇复习的重点。
最后，在阅读能力要求方面，英语二大纲去掉了括号里的“生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%”这一条。
可见，英语二涉及到的生词量问题较少，考查生词的可能性也降到了最低。
3.阅读能力英语二阅读能力要求相对较低。
英语一大纲要求“考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明和产品介绍等”。
而英语二大纲要求“考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料，题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等”。
由此可见，英语二不仅明确告诉了考生文章选材的题材和体裁，而且只字未提超纲词，这就是考生备考能够有的放矢，知道从哪些题材的文章去多做积累和准备，同时也不必过于担心超纲词的问题。
此外，英语一对考生的八大阅读能力要求，在英语二大纲里变成了六条，少了“理解文中的概念性含义”和“区分论点和论据”这两条，这两条都对阅读能力有很高的要求。
此外，“进行有关的判断、推理和引申”在英语二中只剩了一半：“进行一定的判断和推理”，少了“引申”能力这个难点的考查。
综上，英语二对阅读能力的考查也大大地降低。
考生在复习过程中多多注意文章的主旨、文中具体信息、理解作者的意图、观点和态度等方面就可以了。
4.写作能力英语二对写作能力要求也略微低一些。
英语一大纲要求“考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、或议论性的文章”，还要求“考生做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当;遵循文章的特定文体格式;合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯”，由此可见英语一对语言的准确度、文体格式、文章结构、语域的恰当性提出了较高的要求。
而英语二大纲表述为“考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。
短文应中心思想明确，切中题意，结构清晰，条理清楚，用词恰当，无明显语言错误”，由此可见，英语二对考生写作能力的要求也降低了，甚至表明出现个别的语言表达错误，也不会很大程度上影响分值。
因此，英语二考生练习英文写作的时候，多参考范文，从大纲要求的这几个角度，发现范文的闪光点所在，进而通过仿写达到熟练、自如表达的能力。
三、考试内容与试卷结构英语一与英语二的试卷结构高度相似，但其中也存在细节差异。
1.英语知识运用英语一和英语二的完型填空考查的都是英语知识的综合运用能力，都是20道题，10分。
但是英语一的文章是240~280词，英语二则是约350词，英语二的文章增加了阅读量，但是未尝不是好事，这样一来，留出的空格间的间距加大，不仅已知信息无形中增加了，对长难句的分析能力的要求也降低了，而且，英语二的完型填空文章本身就较好理解，做题也更轻松，选项在原文中的复现也较普遍，一般很容易找到或者选出答案。
因此英语二的完形填空有所变化，但是总体难度降低了。
2.阅读理解Part A英语一的四篇阅读理解总长度约为1600词，而英语二的四篇阅读理解为1500词左右，阅读量有一定的降低。
此外，基于上面提到的英语二对阅读能力的六条要求与英语一八条要求的差异考虑，可知英语二的阅读理解试题难度低于英语一，选项的迷惑性和干扰性远远低于英语一。
3.阅读理解Part B英语一和英语二的新题型都是10分。
英语一的新题型部分，不论是完型填(句)段题、论点论据匹配题还是排序题，难度都是公认的。
而英语二备选题型包括：多项对应(根据所给文章的内容，从右侧的7个选项中选出5个与左栏的5道题对应的5个选项，即常说的连线题)，小标题对应(唯一一个与英语一有交集的备选，且是英语一新题型中最简单的一种)，正误判断(根据文章内容判断正误)，尤其是正误判断这一题型，本身难度就低，如果有考生没时间顾这道题，全写“True”或者“False”也能至少的四分，投机性较大，与考生的真实英语水平关系就不大了。
这三种备考题型决定了英语二的新题型的难度大大低于英语一。
4.翻译——英译汉分值方面，英语二中的英译汉增加到了15分。
出题方式方面，英语一中翻译属于阅读理解的一部分PartC,要求考生将五个画线句子(约150词)翻译成汉语;而英语二要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语，翻译的量没有发生变化，且句与句之间的连贯性在小范围内就可实现，无需满篇文章找上下文。
大纲要求方面，英语一大纲“主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力”，突出了概念或结构较复杂的要求;而英语二大纲“考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
”，可见英语二并没有突出英译汉的难度，只是考查将一般的英语语言材料转换成汉语的能力，与英语一专门挑出五个长难句来考相比，难度只有降没有升。
5.写作Part A 小作文英语一与英语二小作文部分的备选题型、字数要求以及分值都是一样的。
只是在具体的考查过程中，英语一已经很成熟，也较多变，难以把握其要考哪种备选题型。
而英语二始于去年，且考虑到其培养对象，难度不会很大，倾向于考查英语一最早喜欢考查的书信。
考生可以把重心放在书信的写作练习上。
此外，还要注意新加的备选题型：摘要的写作。
6.写作Part B 大作文英语一的大作文分值为20分，而英语二大作文为15分。
英语一大作文，早些年考提纲作文和图表作文较多，近十年来主要是考查难度较大的图画作文;而英语二的大纲样题是图表作文，2010年真题考的也是图表作文，类似于早年的考研英语。
这更说明了英语一与英语二的难度差别。
作文部分内容建议大家参考由高等教育出版社出版的《2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲配套强化指导》第二章第六节部分，此部分内容对写作进行了详细指导，希望考生能在写作上去得优异的成绩。
总之，尽管英语二与英语一的题型和题量差别不大，但是英语二的难度有很大的降低。
对于现阶段备考的同学来说，熟悉英语二的大纲要求很重要，考研网校建议大家从大纲样题和真题入手进一步加以体会和总结。