静态路由实例分析例题
(最新整理)华为eNSP配置实例6静态路由与默认路由
D 127.0.0.1
•
10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 0
D 10.0.23.1
2021/7/26
14
• 发现R2的路由表里面没有去往10.0.1.0 、10.0.3.0、 10.0.13.0等网络的路由信息
• 同理，你也可以发现在R1的路由表里面没有去往10.0.3.0、 10.0.23.0、10.0.2.0等网络的路由信息
2021/7/26
17
9.查看路由表并测试连通性
• [R1]dis ip routing-table
• Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
• ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021/7/26
9
4. 测试直连网络连通性
• 在R1上ping 10.0.12.2 通
• <R1>ping 10.0.12.2
•
Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1
ttl=255 time=1 ms
• 在R1上ping 10.0.13.2 通
• <R1>ping 10.0.13.2
<R2>ping 10.0.13.2
Request time out
不通
<R2>ping 10.0.3.2
Request time out
不通
• 此时R2如果要与网络10.0.3.0网段通讯，则需要R2上有去 往该网段的路由信息，并且R3上也需要有回到R2接口IP网 段的路由信息。
H3C路由器静态路由配置综合实例
静态路由配置案例。
路由器A配置:[routeA]interf ace e0[routeA-e0]ip addres s 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0[routeA]interf ace s0[routeA-s0]ip addres s 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0[routeA-s0]link-protoc ol ppp [配置封装协议][routeA]ip route-static192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 prefer ence60 [设置静态路由,优先级为60]路由器B配置:[routeB]interf ace e0[routeB-e0]ip addres s 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0[routeB]interf ace s0[routeB-s0]ip addres s 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0[routeA-s0]link-protoc ol ppp [配置封装协议][routeA]ip route-static 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 prefer ence60 [设置静态路由,优先级为60]使用默认路由配置:缺省路由也是一种静态路由.简单地说,缺省路由就是在没有找到任保匹配置的路由项情况下,才使用的路由.即只有当无任何合适的路由时,缺省路由才被使用.[rotueA]ip route-statci 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0 prefer ence60『注意』上面命令中用到了Ser ial 0，接口的名字，如串口封装P P P 或HD LC协议，这时可以不用指定下一跳地址，只需指定发送接口即可。
计算机网络实验综合题含标准答案（路由和交换,强烈推荐）
计算机网络实验综合题含标准答案（路由和交换,强烈推荐）计算机网络实验综合题试题一某公司租用了一段C类地址203.12.11.0/24～203.12.14.0/24，如图所示。
其网间地址是172.11.5.14/24。
要求网内所有PC都能上网。
【问题1】接入层交换机Switch1的端口24为trunk口，其余各口属于vlan11，请解释下列命令并完成交换机的配置。
Switch1#config terminalSwitch1(config)#interface f0/24（进入端口24配置模式）Switch1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk（1）Switch1 (config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dotlq（2）Switch1(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed all（允许所有VLAN从该端口交换数据）Switch1(config-if)#exitSwitch1(config)#exitSwitch1# vlan databaseSwitch1(vlan)# vlan 11 name lab01（3）Switch1(vlan)#exitSwitch1#config terminalSwitch1(config)#interface f0/9（进入f0/9的配置模式）Switch1(config-if)#（4）（设置端口为接入链路模式）Switch1(config-if)#（5）（把f0/9分配给VLAN11）Switch1(config-if)#exitSwitch1(config)#exit（1）设置端口为中继（或Trunk）模式（2）设置Trunk采用802.1q格式（或dot1q）（3）创建vlan11，并命名为lab01（4）switchport mode access（5）switchport access vlan 11或switchport access vlan lab01【问题2】以下两个配置中错误的是（6），原因是（7）。
路由器转发算法带例题
路由器转发算法带例题路由器转发算法是指在计算机网络中，路由器根据接收到的数据包的目的地址，决定将数据包转发到哪个出口端口的算法。
它是网络中的关键技术之一，能够实现网络中数据的快速、准确传输。
常见的路由器转发算法有以下几种：1. 静态路由算法：静态路由算法是指管理员手动配置路由器的路由表，将目的地址与出口端口的对应关系预先设定好。
当路由器接收到数据包时，根据目的地址查找路由表，找到对应的出口端口进行转发。
例如，假设路由器的路由表如下：目的地址出口端口192.168.1.0 1192.168.2.0 2当路由器接收到一个目的地址为192.168.1.100的数据包时，根据路由表可以得知该数据包需要通过出口端口1进行转发。
2. 动态路由算法：动态路由算法是指路由器通过与相邻路由器交换路由信息，自动学习网络拓扑和最优路径，并更新自己的路由表。
常见的动态路由算法有距离矢量路由算法（Distance Vector Routing）和链路状态路由算法（Link State Routing）。
距离矢量路由算法中，路由器通过周期性地交换路由表信息，计算到达目的地址的最短路径。
每个路由器根据相邻路由器发送过来的路由表信息，更新自己的路由表。
链路状态路由算法中，路由器通过交换链路状态信息，计算网络中的最短路径树。
每个路由器根据收集到的链路状态信息，计算出到达目的地址的最短路径，并更新自己的路由表。
3. 自适应路由算法：自适应路由算法是指路由器根据网络拥塞情况和链路质量动态调整路由选择。
常见的自适应路由算法有最小带宽算法、最短延迟算法和最小负载算法等。
最小带宽算法中，路由器根据链路的带宽情况选择最大带宽的路径进行转发。
最短延迟算法中，路由器根据链路的延迟情况选择最短延迟的路径进行转发。
最小负载算法中，路由器根据链路的负载情况选择负载最小的路径进行转发。
总结起来，路由器转发算法根据不同的需求和网络情况，选择合适的算法来实现数据包的转发。
实验 2.8.2：静态路由配置练习
实验 2.8.2：静态路由配置练习拓扑图地址表设备接口IP 地址子网掩码默认网关Fa0/0 不适用BRANCHS0/0/0 不适用Fa0/0 不适用HQS0/0/0 不适用S0/0/1 209.165.201.2 255.255.255.252 不适用Fa0/0 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224 不适用ISPS/0/0 209.165.201.1 255.255.255.252 不适用PC1 网卡PC2 网卡Web 服务器网卡209.165.200.253 255.255.255.224 209.165.200.225学习目标完成本实验后，您将能够：•根据指定的要求对地址空间划分子网。
•为接口分配适当的地址，并进行记录。
•根据拓扑图进行网络布线。
•清除启动配置并将路由器重新加载为默认状态。
•在路由器上执行基本配置任务。
•配置并激活串行接口和以太网接口。
•确定适当的静态路由、总结路由和默认路由。
•测试并校验配置。
•思考网络实施并整理成文档。
场景在本次实验练习中，您将得到一个网络地址，您必须对其进行子网划分以便完成如拓扑结构图所示的网络编址。
连接到 ISP 路由器的 LAN 编址和 HQ 与 ISP 路由器之间的链路已经完成。
但还需要配置静态路由以便非直连网络中的主机能够彼此通信。
任务 1：对地址空间划分子网。
步骤 1：研究网络要求。
连接到 ISP 路由器的 LAN 编址和 HQ 与 ISP 路由器之间的链路已经完成。
在您的网络设计中，您可以使用 192.168.2.0/24 地址空间。
请对该网络进行子网划分，以提供足够的 IP 地址来支持 60 台主机。
步骤 2：创建网络设计时请思考以下问题：需要将 192.168.2.0/24 网络划分为多少个子网？ __________这些子网的网络地址分别是什么？子网 0： ________________________________________子网 1： ________________________________________子网 2： ________________________________________子网 3： ________________________________________这些网络以点分十进制格式表示的子网掩码是什么？ __________________________以斜杠格式表示的网络子网掩码是什么？ __________每个子网可支持多少台主机？ __________步骤 3：为拓扑图分配子网地址。
静态路由实验报告
静态浮动路由一、实验目的（蓝色字体为参考格式, 具体内容结合实验编写）1.掌握静态路由的原理及配置；2.掌握静态缺省路由的原理及配置；3.掌握静态浮动路由的原理及配置；二、实验要求举例说明: 该部分可以是实习项目的实际需求（根据实习的实际内容自己填写）某公司网络如图所示：其中pc2是内网电脑, 要求在pc2上能ping通pc1（服务器8.8.8.8）；在公司的边界路由器上为了可靠性使用了双线做备份, 但是查看RT2路由表正常情况下只能看到202.112.1.1为下一跳的路由, 当202.112.1.1网段的线缆断了才会出现202.113.1.1为下一跳的路由, 在RT1上也是同理；只能看到112的路由, 当112链路断掉才会出现113链路为下一跳的路由；三、实验内容及步骤1 网络拓扑（例如下图所示）2 方法和步骤2.1 : 配置IP地址:RT1:<RT1>system-viewSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.[RT1]int g0/0/1[RT1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0[RT1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2[RT1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0[RT1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int lo0[RT1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255RT2:<RT2>system-viewSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.[RT2]int g0/0/1[RT2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0[RT2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2[RT2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0[RT2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/0[RT2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0RT3:<RT3>sySystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.[RT3]int g0/0/0[RT3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0[RT3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0[RT3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.2552.2.1 : 配置RT3的静态路由:[RT3]ip route-static 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 g0/0/0 23.1.1.2[RT3]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 g0/0/0 23.1.1.22.2.2 : 配置RT2的静态路由:[RT2]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 g0/0/1 12.1.1.1[RT2]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 g0/0/2 10.1.1.1 preference 61[RT2]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 g0/0/0 23.1.1.32.2.3 : 配置RT1的静态路由:[RT1]ip route-static 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 g0/0/1 12.1.1.2[RT1]ip route-static 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 g0/0/2 10.1.1.2 preference 61[RT1]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 g0/0/2 10.1.1.2 preference 61[RT1]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 g0/0/1 12.1.1.2验证：Pc2能ping通pc1查看路由表RT1:[RT1]dis ip routing-tableRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 10 Routes : 11Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface8.8.8.0/24 Direct 0 0 8.8.8.1 GE0/0/2 8.8.8.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 10.0.12.0/24 Static 20 0 202.112.1.2 GE0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 202.113.1.2 GE0/0/1Static 60 0 202.112.1.2 GE0/0/0 202.112.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 202.112.1.1 GE0/0/0 202.112.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 202.113.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 202.113.1.1 GE0/0/1 202.113.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0RT2:[RT2]dis ip roRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 10 Routes : 10Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface8.8.8.0/24 Static 20 0 202.112.1.1 GE0/0/0 10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.0.12.1 GE0/0/1 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 10.0.12.2 GE0/0/1 202.112.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 202.112.1.2 GE0/0/0 202.112.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 202.113.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 202.113.1.2 GE0/0/2 202.113.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0RT3:[RT3]dis ip rodis ip roRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 9 Routes : 9Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface8.8.8.0/24 Static 60 0 10.0.12.1 GE0/0/0 10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.0.12.2 GE0/0/0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 GE0/0/1 192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0 202.112.1.0/24 Static 60 0 10.0.12.1 GE0/0/0 202.113.1.0/24 Static 60 0 10.0.12.1 GE0/0/0四、实验心得及体会通过这次试验, 掌握了静态路由的原理及配置, 还有静态缺省路由和静态浮动路由的原理及配置, 静态路由适用小型网络。
实训二、静态路由及默认路由的配置
4、动态路由
动态路由是网络中路由器之间相互通信，传递路由信息，利用收到的路 由信息更新路由器表的过程。它能实时地适应网络结构的变化。如果路由更 新信息表明当前网络的拓扑结构发生变化时，路由选择软件就会重新计算路 由，并发出新的路由更新信息。这些信息通过各个网络，引起各路由器重新 启动其路由算法，并更新各自的路由表以动态地反映网络拓扑变化。动态路 由适用于网络规模大、网络拓扑复杂的网络。当然，各种动态路由协议会不 同程度地占用网络带宽和CPU资源。常见的动态路由协议有RIP、OSPF、EIGRP、 IS-IS等。下面介绍RIP协议路由项的含义：
Pc2：C:\>ping 172.16.1.2 Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.12: bytes=32 time=66ms TTL=248 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=62ms TTL=248 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=62ms TTL=248 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=63ms TTL=248 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 62ms, Maximum = 66ms, Average = 63ms 以上信息表明PC1与PC2之间可以实现通信了，说明默认路由配置成功。
2、静态路由 静态路由是由网管手动配置，在配置前网管必需先了解网络的拓扑结构， 然后根据路由器的拓扑连接来配置具体的路由路径，当网络拓扑结构发生变 动时，又需要网管手动修改路由路径，所以静态路由一般只适用于网络规模 不大、拓扑结构固定的网络中。静态路由的优点是简单、高效、可靠。在所 有的路由中，静态路由优先级最高。当动态路由与静态路由发生冲突时，以 静态路由为准。
4实验四、静态路由
实验四、静态路由实验目的：理解什么是静态路由；熟悉掌握静态路由的配置方法，理解重要参数的意义及使用；理解如何查看路由表及简单的链路故障排查技巧。
实验知识要点：¾静态路由（static route）：指由网络管理员手工配置的路由信息。
当网络的拓扑结构或链路的状态发生变化时，网络管理员需要手工去修改路由表中相关的静态路由信息。
静态路由信息在缺省情况下是私有的，不会传递给其他的路由器。
¾配置命令及参数:配置静态路由协议有两种方法：下一跳接口IP地址和出盏接口。
Router(config)#ip route network mask{address | interface }[distance]1.ip route ：静态路由配置命令work：目标网络3.mask：目标网络掩码4.address：下一跳地址5.interface：本地出站接口6.distance：管理距离¾路由表：记录路由器可到达的网段和接口的对应关系。
¾查看路由表全局配置的模式下，在用show ip rout 这个命名查看路由表。
如（图4-1）：（图4-1）在上面图中输出的信息首先显示路由条目各种类型的简写，如“C”为直连网络，“S”为静态路由。
以上带有下划线的路由为例，“S”表示这条路由是静态路由，手动配置的；“172.31.1.0”是目标网络；“[1/0]”是管理距离/度量值；“via 192.168.12.2”是指到达目的网络的下一跳路由器的IP地址；¾管理距离（Administrative Distance, AD）：用来表示路由的可信度，路由器可能从多种途径获得同一网络的路由，为了区别它们的可信度，用管理距离加以表示。
AD值越小说明路由的可靠程度越高。
不协议的默认管理距离，如（图4-2）所示：（图4-2）¾度量值（Metric）：一个路由协议判别到达目的网络的最佳路径的方法。
静态路由表配置详细实例
静态路由表配置实例当一个局域网内存在2台以上的路由器时，由于其下主机互访的需求，往往需要设置路由。
由于网络规模较小且不经常变动，所以静态路由是最合适的选择。
随着宽带接入的普及，很多家庭和小企业都组建了局域网来共享宽带接入。
而且随着局域网规模的扩大，很多地方都涉及到2台或以上路由器的应用。
当一个局域网内存在2台以上的路由器时，由于其下主机互访的需求，往往需要设置路由。
由于网络规模较小且不经常变动，所以静态路由是最合适的选择。
本文作为一篇初级入门类文章，会以几个简单实例讲解静态路由，并在最后讲解一点关于路由汇总（归纳）的知识。
由于这类家庭和小型办公局域网所采用的一般都是中低档宽带路由器，所以这篇文章就以最简单的宽带路由器为例。
（其实无论在什么档次的路由器上，除了配置方式和命令不同，其配置静态路由的原理是不会有差别的。
）常见的1WAN口、4LAN口宽带路由器可以看作是一个最简单的双以太口路由器＋一个4口小交换机，其W AN 口接外网，LAN口接内网以做区分。
路由就是把信息从源传输到目的地的行为。
形象一点来说，信息包好比是一个要去某地点的人，路由就是这个人选择路径的过程。
而路由表就像一张地图，标记着各种路线，信息包就依靠路由表中的路线指引来到达目的地，路由条目就好像是路标。
在大多数宽带路由器中，未配置静态路由的情况下，内部就存在一条默认路由，这条路由将LAN口下所有目的地不在自己局域网之内的信息包转发到WAN口的网关去。
宽带路由器只需要进行简单的WAN 口参数的配置，内网的主机就能访问外网，就是这条路由在起作用。
本文将分两个部分，第一部分讲解静态路由的设置应用，第二部分讲解关于路由归纳的方法和作用。
下面就以地瓜这个网络初学者遇到的几个典型应用为例，让高手大虾来说明一下什么情况需要设置静态路由，静态路由条目的组成，以及静态路由的具体作用。
例一：最简单的串连式双路由器型环境这种情况多出现于中小企业在原有的路由器共享Internet的网络中，由于扩展的需要，再接入一台路由器以连接另一个新加入的网段。
静态路由实现路由负载分担主备备份案例
静态路由实现路由负载分担/主备备份案例本文以华为设备为例静态路由简介静态路由是一种需要管理员手工配置的特殊路由。
静态路由比动态路由使用更少的带宽，并且不占用CPU资源来计算和分析路由更新。
但是当网络发生故障或者拓扑发生变化后，静态路由不会自动更新，必须手动重新配置。
静态路由有5个主要的参数：目的地址和掩码、出接口和下一跳、优先级。
使用静态路由的好处是配置简单、可控性高，当网络结构比较简单时，只需配置静态路由就可以使网络正常工作。
在复杂网络环境中，还可以通过配置静态路由改进网络的性能，并且可以为重要的应用保证带宽。
配置注意事项一般情况下两个设备之间的通信是双向的，因此路由也必须是双向的，在本端配置完静态路由以后，请不要忘记在对端设备上配置回程路由。
在企业网络双出口的场景中，通过配置两条等价的静态路由可以实现负载分担，流量可以均衡的分配到两条不同的链路上；通过配置两条不等价的静态路由可以实现主备份，当主用链路故障的时候流量切换到备用链路上。
静态路由实现路由负载分担组网需求如图1所示，PC1和PC2通过4台Switch相连，从拓扑图中可以看出，数据从PC1到PC2有两条路径可以到达，分别是PC1-SwitchA-SwitchB-SwitchC-PC2和PC1-SwitchA-SwitchD-SwitchC-PC2，为了有效利用链路，要求从PC1到PC2的数据流平均分配到两条链路上，而且当一条链路故障之后数据流自动切换到另一条链路上去。
说明：请确保该场景下互联接口的STP处于未使能状态。
因为在使能STP的环形网络中，如果用交换机的VLANIF接口构建三层网络，会导致某个端口被阻塞，从而导致三层业务不能正常运行。
图1 配置静态路由实现路由负载分担组网图配置思路采用如下的思路配置静态路由实现路由负载分担：创建VLAN并配置各接口所属VLAN，配置各VLANIF接口的IP地址。
配置数据流来回两个方向的静态路由。
(完整版)静态路由试题
请参见图示。
为使主机A能够连接到172.16.0.0 网络上的主机B,应在Routerl 上配置哪种静态路由？p route 192.168.0.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0■j p route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.1心p route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/1■j-p route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/02 Router# show interfaces serial 0/1 命令的输出显示了如下内容：Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is down.线路协议为down （关闭）的原因最可能是什么？「Serial0/1 为关闭状态。
C路由器未连接电缆。
C 远程路由器正在使用serial 0/0 接口。
尸尚未设置时钟频率。
请参见图示。
根据如图所示的输出，该链路的时钟频率会如何确定？厂此频率将由两台路由器协商得出。
C由于DCE/DTE连接错误，因此不会选择任何频率。
D DTE上配置的频率决定了时钟频率。
「DCE上配置的频率决定了时钟频率。
4 下列哪一个地址可以用来总结网络172.16.1.0/24 、172.16.2.0/24 、172.16.3.0/24 和172.16.4.0/24?172.16.0.0/21172.16.1.0/22'j172.16.0.0 255.255.255.248172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0请参见图示。
要使WinterPark 和Altamonte 路由器能够传送来自每个LAN的数据包并将所有其它流量转到Internet 一组命令来配置静态路由？WinterPark(config)#Altamonte(config)#Altamonte(config)#WinterPark(config)#Altamonte(config)#Altamonte(config)#WinterPark(config)#WinterPark(config)#Altamonte(config)#WinterPark(config)#Altamonte(config)#Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2ip route 198.18.222.0 255.255.255.255 s0/1ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1 ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/06 Router# show cdp neighbors 命令会显示下列哪些内容？（选择三项。
华为eNSP配置实例6静态路由与默认路由
4. 测试直连网络连通性
• 在R1上ping 10.0.12.2 通 • <R1>ping 10.0.12.2 • Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255
time=1 ms
• 在R1上ping 10.0.13.2 通 • <R1>ping 10.0.13.2 • Reply from 10.0.13.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255
3. R3的基础配置与IP编址
• <Huawei>undo ter mon • <Huawei>system-view • [Huawei]sysname R3 • [R3]int s0/0/0 • [R3-Serial0/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.2 24 • [R3-Serial0/0/0]undo shut • [R3-Serial0/0/0]interface s0/0/1 • [R3-Serial0/0/1]ip addr 10.0.13.2 24 • [R3-Serial0/0/1]undo shut • [R3-Serial0/0/1]int e0/0/0 • [R3-Ethernet0/0/0]ip addr 10.0.3.1 24 • [R3-Ethernet0/0/0]undo shut • [R3-Ethernet0/0/0]quit
• 以上测试结果显示R2无法与地址10.0.3.2和10.0.13.2地址 通讯。
6 查看路由表
time=1 ms
• 在R2上ping 10.0.12.1 通 • <R2>ping 10.0.12.1 • Reply from 10.0.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255
路由器配置实例（经典）
实训报告实训一路由基本配置1、实验目的：路由器基本配置及ip设置2、拓扑结构图Router0 fa0/0: 192.168.11.1Fa0/1:192.168.1.1Router1 fa0/0: 192.168.11.2Fa0/1:192.168.2.1Znn1:192.168.1.2Znn2:192.168.2.23、实验步骤Router1Router>en 用户模式进入特权模式Router#conf t 特权模式进入全局模式Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#host rznn1 改名字为rznn1rznn1(config)#int fa0/0 进入fa0/0端口rznn1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0 设置ip地址rznn1(config-if)#no sh 激活rznn1(config)#int fa0/1rznn1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0rznn1(config-if)#no shrznn1#copy run star 保存rznn1#conf trznn1(config)#enable secret password 222 设置密文rznn1#show ip interface b 显示Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.11.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.1.1 YES manual up up Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downrouter 2outer>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#host rznn2rznn2(config)#int fa0/0rznn2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0rznn2(config-if)#no shrznn2(config)#int fa0/1rznn2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0rznn2(config-if)#no shrznn2#copy run starrznn2#conf trznn2(config)#enable secret 222rznn2#show ip interface bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolFastEthernet0/0 192.168.11.2 YES manual up upFastEthernet0/1 192.168.2.1 YES manual up upVlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down实训二1、远程登录、密码设置及验证为路由器开设telnet端口，PC机可以远程登陆到Rznn3(Router 1) 拓扑结构图Router0:192.168.1.1Pc:192.168.1.2步骤rznn3>rznn3>enrznn3#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.rznn3(config)#no ip domain lookuprznn3(config)#line cons 0rznn3(config-line)#password znnrznn3(config-line)#loginrznn3(config-line)#no exec-trznn3(config-line)#logg syncrznn3(config-line)#exitrznn3(config)#int fa0/0rznn3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0rznn3(config-if)#no shrznn3(config-if)#exitrznn3(config)#line vty 0 4 打通五个端口rznn3(config-line)#password cisco 设置密码rznn3(config-line)#login 保存rznn3(config-line)#exit4、测试：实训三命令组1、目的：八条命令（no ip domain lookup\line cons 0\password\login\no exec-t\logg sync\show version\reload\copy running-config startup-config）\show cdp neighbors)2、拓扑结构图Router0 fa0/0: 192.168.11.1Router1 fa0/0: 192.168.11.23、步骤rznn1#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.1、rznn1(config)#no ip domain lookup 取消域名查找转换2、rznn1(config)#line cons 0 打开cons 0端口3、rznn1(config-line)#password znn 设置密码为znnrznn1(config-line)#login 保存rznn1(config-line)#no exec-t 设置永不超时4、rznn1(config-line)#logg sync 产生日志5、rznn1#show version 显示思科路由系统版本信息Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), V ersion 12.4(15)T1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)Technical Support: /techsupportCopyright (c) 1986-2007 by Cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Wed 18-Jul-07 06:21 by pt_rel_team6、rznn1#show cdp neighbors 查看路由器连接的相邻路由器的相关信息Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route BridgeS - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - PhoneDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDrznn2 Fas 0/0 139 R C2800 Fas 0/07、rznn1#copy running-config startup-config 保存刚才指令Destination filename [startup-config]? startup-configBuilding configuration...[OK]8、rznn1#reload 重启路由器Proceed with reload? [confirm]System Bootstrap, V ersion 12.1(3r)T2, RELEASE SOFTW ARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.cisco 2811 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x200) with 60416K/5120K bytes of memorySelf decompressing the image :########################################################################## [OK] Restricted Rights Legendrznn1#show ip interface bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.11.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.1.1 YES manual up upVlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down9、rznn1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 重置ip地址rznn1#show ip interface bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.3.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.1.1 YES manual up upVlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down实训四发现协议1、实训目的通过发现协议显示路由器相邻路由的端口信息2、拓扑结构Router0:192.168.11.1Router1:fa0/0 192.168.11.2Fa0/1 192.168.12.1Router2:192.168.12.23、步骤R1路由器Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#host r1r1(config)#int fa0/0r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0r1(config-if)#no sh%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upr1(config-if)#r1(config-if)#exitr1(config)#exitr1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler1#show ip interface bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.11.1 YES manual up down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administrative ly down downVlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR2 路由器Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#host r2r2(config)#int fa0/0r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0r2(config-if)#no sh%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up r2(config-if)#exitr2(config)#exitr2#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler2#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.r2(config)#int fa0/0r2(config-if)#int fa0/1r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0r2(config-if)#no sh%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to upr2(config-if)#exitr2(config)#exitr2#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler2#show ip interface bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.11.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.12.1 YES manual up down Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR3路由器Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#host r3r3(config)#int fa0/0r3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0r3(config-if)#no sh%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up r3(config-if)#exitr3(config)#exitr3#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler3#show ip interface bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.12.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downVlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR1发现邻居r1#show cdp neighborsCapability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route BridgeS - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - PhoneDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDr2 Fas 0/0 165 R C2800 Fas 0/0R2发现邻居r2#show cdp neighborsCapability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route BridgeS - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - PhoneDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDr1 Fas 0/0 176 R C1841 Fas 0/0r3 Fas 0/1 130 R C1841 Fas 0/0R3发现邻居r3#show cdp neighborsCapability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route BridgeS - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - PhoneDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDr2 Fas 0/0 166 R C2800 Fas 0/14、总结show 命令（1）show ip interface b (显示端口ip信息)（2）show version （显示ios版本信息）（3）show running-config （显示刚才使用的命令配置信息）（4）show cdp neighbors （显示发现邻居直连设备信息）（5）show interface （显示所有端口详细信息）实训五静态路由1、实验目的：将不同网段的网络配通（ip route）Ip route语法：ip route 目标地址子网掩码相邻路由器接口地址Show ip route2、试验拓扑：Router0:192.168.11.1Router1:fa0/0 192.168.11.2Fa0/1 192.168.12.1Router2:192.168.12.23、实验步骤：Router1Router>enRouter#conf tRouter(config)#host r1r1(config)#int fa0/0r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0r1(config-if)#no sh%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upr1(config-if)#exitr1(config)#exitr1#show ip interface bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolFastEthernet0/0 192.168.11.1 YES manual up downFastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downVlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downr1#%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up r1#ping 192.168.12.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds: .....Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)r1#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.r1(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.11.2r1(config)#exitr1#ping 192.168.12.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 msr1#ping 192.168.12.2Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds: .....Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)r1#ping 192.168.12.2Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/62/78 msr1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0S 192.168.12.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.11.2Router3Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#host r3r3(config)#int fa0/0r3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0r3(config-if)#no sh%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up r3(config-if)#exitr3(config)#exitr3#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler3#show ip interface bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.12.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downVlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downr3#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.r3(config)#ip route 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.1r3(config)#exitr3#ping 192.168.11.2Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.11.2, timeout is 2 seconds:Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 msr3#ping 192.168.11.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.11.1, timeout is 2 seconds:Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/63 msr3#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setS 192.168.11.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.12.1C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/04、默认路由Route 1r1>enr1#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.r1(config)#no ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.11.2%No matching route to deleter1(config)#exitr1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0r1#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.r1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.11.2r1(config)#exitr1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.11.2 to network 0.0.0.0C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.11.2r1#ping 192.168.12.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/28/31 msr1#ping 192.168.12.2Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/63 msRoute 3r1>enr1#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.r1(config)#no ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.11.2%No matching route to deleter1(config)#exitr1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0r1#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.r1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.11.2r1(config)#exitr1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.11.2 to network 0.0.0.0C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.11.2r3#ping 192.168.11.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.11.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/63 ms实训六动态路由RIP 协议1、实验目的使用配置动态路由启动Rip协议使用到的命令（router rip/network/show ip protocols/show ip route）2、实验拓扑R1 fa0/0 192.168.11.1R2 fa0/0 192.168.11.2fa0/1 192.168.12.1R3 fa0/0 192.168.12.23、实验步骤R1Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#host r1r1(config)#int fa0/0r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0r1(config-if)#no shr1(config-if)#exitr1(config)#router ripr1(config-router)#network 192.168.11.0r1(config-router)#exitr1(config)#exitr1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR2Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#host r2r2(config)#int fa0/0r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0r2(config-if)#no shr2(config-if)#exitr2(config)#int fa0/1r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0r2(config-if)#no shr2(config-if)#exitr2(config)#router ripr2(config-router)#network 192.168.11.0r2(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0r2(config-router)#exitr2(config)#exitr2#R3Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#host r3r3(config)#int fa0/0r3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0r3(config-if)#no shr3(config-if)#exitr3(config)#router ripr3(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0r3(config-router)#exitr3(config)#exitr3#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console4、实验测试R1r1#show ip protocolsRouting Protocol is "rip"Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 10 secondsInvalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain FastEthernet0/0 1 2 1Automatic network summarization is in effectMaximum path: 4Routing for Networks:192.168.11.0Passive Interface(s):Routing Information Sources:Gateway Distance Last UpdateDistance: (default is 120)r1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0R 192.168.12.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.11.2, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/0 r1#ping 192.168.12.0Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.0, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 msR2r2#show ip protocolsRouting Protocol is "rip"Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 21 secondsInvalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming update filter list for all interfaces is not setRedistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 1, receive any versionInterface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain FastEthernet0/0 1 2 1FastEthernet0/1 1 2 1Automatic network summarization is in effectMaximum path: 4Routing for Networks:192.168.11.0192.168.12.0Passive Interface(s):Routing Information Sources:Gateway Distance Last UpdateDistance: (default is 120)r2#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1R3r3#show ip protocolsRouting Protocol is "rip"Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 15 secondsInvalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming update filter list for all interfaces is not setRedistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 1, receive any versionInterface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain FastEthernet0/0 1 2 1Automatic network summarization is in effectMaximum path: 4Routing for Networks:192.168.12.0Passive Interface(s):Routing Information Sources:Gateway Distance Last UpdateDistance: (default is 120)r3#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setR 192.168.11.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0r3#ping 192.168.11.0Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.11.0, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms实训七负载平衡试训目的实现负载平衡实训拓扑R1 fa0/0 192.168.11.1R2 eth0/0/0 192.168.11.2Fa0/0 192.168.12.1Fa0/0 192.168.13.1R3 fa0/0 192.168.12.2Fa0/1 192.168.14.1R4 fa0/0 192.168.13.2Fa0/1 192.168.15.1R5 fa0/0 192.168.14.2Fa0/1 192.168.15.2实训步骤（R1 ）r1>enR1#conf tR1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.11.2R1(config)#exitr1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.11.2 to network 0.0.0.0C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.11.2(R2)r2>enr2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.12.2r2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.13.2r2(config)#exitr2#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoles% Ambiguous command: "s"r2#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.12.2 to network 0.0.0.0C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0/0C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 192.168.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.12.2[1/0] via 192.168.13.2(R3)r3>enr3#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.r3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.12.1r3(config)#exitr3#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler3#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.12.1 to network 0.0.0.0C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.12.1(R4)r4>enr4#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.r4(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.13.1r4(config)#exitr4#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler4#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.13.1 to network 0.0.0.0C 192.168.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 192.168.15.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.13.1(R5)r5>enr5#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.r5(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.14.1r5(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.15.1r5(config)#exitr5#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler5#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.14.1 to network 0.0.0.0C 192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 192.168.15.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.14.1[1/0] via 192.168.15.1实训测试（R1）r1#ping 192.168.14.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.14.1, timeout is 2 seconds:Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 62/84/94 ms （R5）r5#ping 192.168.11.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.11.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 79/91/94 ms实训八DHCP 协议配置实训目的全网配通实训拓扑Fa0/0 192.168.11.1Fa0/1 192.168.12.1实训步骤Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#host r1r1(config)#int fa0/0r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0r1(config-if)#no shr1(config-if)#exitr1(config)#int fa0/1r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0r1(config-if)#no shr1(config-if)#exitr1(config)#ip dhcp pool znn //配置一个根地址池znnr1(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0 //为所有客户机动态分配的地址段r1(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.11.1 //为客户机配置默认的网关r1(dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.11.1 //为客户机配置DNS服务器r1(dhcp-config)#exitr1(config)#ip dhcp pool znn1。
静态路由导致环路的问题案例-Public详解
从上边的总部路由表信息我们可以看到，目标地址为192.168.0.254的报文匹配到红圈标注的路由，下一跳地址为10.0.0.2。下一跳地址是符合预期的。
那我们来看一下路由器上的路由表，分部路由器路由表如下：
从上边的分部路由表信息我们可以看到，目标地址为192.168.0.254的报文匹配到红圈标注的默认路由，下一跳地址为10.0.0.1。这一点就是产生路由环路的原因。
静态路由导致环路的问题
1
1
某公司总部与多个分部使用专线进行连接，具体组网拓扑及路由如上图所示，总部和分部之间每天都用大量的业务进行互访，4M专线线路带宽接近饱和。总部和分部路由器互连地址为10.0.0.1和10.0.0.2。总部网络的业务网段地址为172.16.0.0/24，网关是172.16.0.1，某个分部路由器下挂了两个部门，部门A的业务网关是192.168.0.1，部门B的业务网关为192.16.1.1。全网配置静态路由使总部业务网段和分部业务网段互通，具体路由设置如上图所示。
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 NULL 0
为了避免当业务B网段直连路由消失的时候，A部门也出现访问总部变慢的现象，所以也添加了一条对B网段的黑洞路由。由于静态路由的管理距离（华为设备为Preference60）小于直连路由的管理距离（华为设备为Preference 0）。所以当业务A和B直连路由正常的时候，不会影响整个网络流量的正常转发。只有当某个直连路由消失的时候，黑洞路由才回生效。至此，该问题解决。
1
某一天，部门A的所有PC都无法上网。经过现场排查发现是部门A所连的二层交换机的上行链路网线损坏，部门A所连的二层交换机与分部路由器的链路物理损坏。具体故障如下图：
专题9-静态路由组网方案v1.1(ok)
©2010,蓝狐网络版权所有，未经授权不得使用与传播.
16
静态路由配置说明（续）
▪ 下一跳为对方的IP地址
RA#show ip route 192.168.10.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 192.168.10.0 is directly connected, Serial 0 C 192.168.10.8 is directly connected, Serial 2 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets S 10.4.6.0 [1/0] via 192.168.10.10 S 10.16.1.0 [1/0] via 192.168.10.2
V1.1
©2010,蓝狐网络版权所有，未经授权不得使用与传播.
20
静态路由实施-步骤2
▪ 为每个路由器标识出所有非直连的网段
A的非直连网段
10.16.1.0/24 10.16.2.0/24
C的非直连网段
172.16.1.0/24 172.16.2.0/24
E的非直连网段
静态路由
V1.1
©2010,蓝狐网络版权所有，未经授权不得使用与传播.
6
解决方案（续）
设备选型
▪ 总部路由器：Cisco3800/7200 ▪ 分部路由器：Cisco1800/2800/3800 ▪ 广域网链路：E1专线、FR
技术选型：
▪ 静态路由
V1.1
©2010,蓝狐网络版权所有，未经授权不得使用与传播.
专题8 回顾
企业网路由技术
▪ 路由原理
- 路径选择概述 - 路由表的构成 - 路由优选
华为静态路由实验练习
R1配置情况：<Huawei><Huawei><Huawei>clo<Huawei>clock d<Huawei>clock datetime 18:30:00 2017-03-05[Huawei]sy[Huawei]sysname R1Mar 5 2017 18:30:19-08:00 Huawei %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has turned into UP state.[Huawei]sysname R1[R1][R1][R1]<R1>sy<R1>system-viewEnter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[R1][R1]su[R1]super p[R1]super password c[R1]super password cipher 123456[R1][R1]us[R1]user-i[R1]user-interface v[R1]user-interface vty 0 4[R1-ui-vty0-4][R1-ui-vty0-4]au[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode p[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode passwordPlease configure the login password (maximum length 16):123456[R1-ui-vty0-4][R1-ui-vty0-4]se[R1-ui-vty0-4]set au[R1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication p[R1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password c[R1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password cipher 123456[R1-ui-vty0-4][R1-ui-vty0-4]q[R1][R1][R1]int[R1]interface g[R1]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0][R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.254 24[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]Mar 5 2017 18:51:37-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IPon the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0][R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]un[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undosh[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdownInfo: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q[R1][R1]int[R1]interface g[R1]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.1 24[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]Mar 5 2017 18:53:23-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IPon the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undosh[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdownInfo: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1][R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q[R1][R1]dis[R1]displayipint[R1]displayip interface b[R1]displayip interface brief*down: administratively down^down: standby(l): loopback(s): spoofingThe number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.254/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.12.1/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down downNULL0 unassigned up up(s) [R1][R1][R1]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on<R1><R1><R1><R1>syEnter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[R1][R1][R1]ipro[R1]ip route-[R1]ip route-static 192.168.23.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2[R1][R1]ipro[R1]ip route-[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2[R1][R1][R1]dis[R1]displayipro[R1]displayip routing-tableRoute Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 12 Routes : 12Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHopInterface127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.1.254 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.1.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.2.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.23.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0[R1]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<R1>ping 192.168.2.254PING 192.168.2.254: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=50 ms Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=50 ms Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=20 ms--- 192.168.2.254 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 20/36/50 ms<R1>ping 192.168.2.1PING 192.168.2.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakRequest time outReply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=126 time=40 msReply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=126 time=30 msReply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=126 time=50 msReply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=126 time=40 ms--- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted4 packet(s) received20.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 30/40/50 ms<R1>saveThe current configuration will be written to the device.Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:yIt will take several minutes to save configuration file, pleasewait.........Configuration file had been saved successfullyNote: The configuration file will take effect after being activated <R1>Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log onR2配置如下<Huawei>clo<Huawei>clock d<Huawei>clock datetime 18:56:00 2017-03-05<Huawei><Huawei>sy<Huawei>system-viewEnter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[Huawei][Huawei]sy[Huawei]sysname R2[R2][R2]su[R2]super p[R2]super password c[R2]super password cipher 123456[R2][R2]us[R2]user-i[R2]user-interface v[R2]user-interface vty 0 4[R2-ui-vty0-4][R2-ui-vty0-4]au[R2-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode p[R2-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode passwordPlease configure the login password (maximum length 16):123456[R2-ui-vty0-4][R2-ui-vty0-4]se[R2-ui-vty0-4]setau[R2-ui-vty0-4]set authentication P[R2-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password C[R2-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password cipher 123456[R2-ui-vty0-4][R2-ui-vty0-4]q[R2][R2]int[R2]interface G[R2]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0][R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.2 24[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]un[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undosh[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdownInfo: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0][R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q[R2][R2]int[R2]interface G[R2]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1][R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.23.1 24[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]Mar 5 2017 19:02:40-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IPon the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undosh[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdownInfo: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1][R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit[R2][R2][R2]dis[R2]displayipint[R2]displayip interface B[R2]displayip interface brief*down: administratively down^down: standby(l): loopback(s): spoofingThe number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.12.2/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.23.1/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down downNULL0 unassigned up up(s) [R2]<R2><R2>sy<R2>system-viewEnter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[R2][R2]iprou[R2]ip route-[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.1[R2][R2]ipro[R2]ip route-[R2]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2[R2][R2]dis[R2]displayipro[R2]displayip routing-tableRoute Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 12 Routes : 12Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHopInterface127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1InLoopBack0192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.2.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.23.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.23.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0[R2]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<R2><R2><R2><R2>saveThe current configuration will be written to the device.Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:yIt will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.........Configuration file had been saved successfullyNote: The configuration file will take effect after being activated <R2>Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on R3配置如下<Huawei>clo<Huawei>clock d<Huawei>clock datetime 19:05:00 2017-03-05<Huawei><Huawei>sy<Huawei>system-viewEnter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[Huawei][Huawei]sy[Huawei]sysname R3[R3][R3]su[R3]super p[R3]super password c[R3]super password cipher 123456[R3][R3]user-i[R3]user-interface v[R3]user-interface vty 0 4[R3-ui-vty0-4]au[R3-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode p[R3-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode passwordPlease configure the login password (maximum length 16):123456 [R3-ui-vty0-4][R3-ui-vty0-4]se[R3-ui-vty0-4]set au[R3-ui-vty0-4]set authentication p[R3-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password c[R3-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password cipher 123456[R3-ui-vty0-4][R3-ui-vty0-4]q[R3][R3]int[R3]interface g[R3]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0][R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.23.2 24[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]Mar 5 2017 19:08:28-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IPon the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0][R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]un[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undosh[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdownInfo: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0][R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q[R3][R3]int[R3]interface g[R3]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1][R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.254 24[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]Mar 5 2017 19:09:54-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IPon the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1][R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undosh[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdownInfo: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1][R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q[R3][R3]dis[R3]displayipint[R3]displayip interface b[R3]displayip interface brief*down: administratively down^down: standby(l): loopback(s): spoofingThe number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.23.2/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.2.254/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down downNULL0 unassigned up up(s) [R3][R3]<R3>sy<R3>system-viewEnter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[R3][R3]iPlease check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on<R3><R3><R3>sy<R3>system-viewEnter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[R3][R3][R3]ipro[R3]ip route-[R3]ip route-static 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.1[R3][R3]ipro[R3]ip route-[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.1[R3][R3]dis[R3]displayipro[R3]displayip routing-tableRoute Flags: R - relay, D - download to fibRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 12 Routes : 12Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHopInterface127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.2.254 GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.2.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.12.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.23.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.23.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0[R3][R3][R3]ping 192.168.1.254PING 192.168.1.254: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=350 ms Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=90 ms Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=50 ms Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=40 ms Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms--- 192.168.1.254 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 40/114/350 ms[R3]ping 192.168.1.1PING 192.168.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakRequest time outReply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=126 time=40 msReply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=126 time=60 msReply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=126 time=30 msReply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=126 time=40 ms--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted4 packet(s) received20.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 30/42/60 ms[R3]save^Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.[R3]q<R3><R3>saveThe current configuration will be written to the device.Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:yIt will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait..........Configuration file had been saved successfullyNote: The configuration file will take effect after being activated <R3>Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log onPC1测试PC2测试。
静态路由配置 实例
12.静态路由配置一．实训目的1．理解静态路由的含义。
2．能够利用模拟软件实现静态路由。
二．实训器材及环境1．安装windows 2000 Server系统的计算机一台。
2．安装模拟软件Boson Netsim 5.31。
3．实验环境搭建如下：图12-1 实验环境三．实训理论基础1．静态路由的概念静态路由是指由网络管理员手工配置的路由信息。
当网络的拓扑结构或链路的状态发生变化时，网络管理员需要手工去修改路由表中相关的静态路由信息。
静态路由信息在缺省情况下是私有的，不会传递给其他的路由器。
当然，网管员也可以通过对路由器进行设置使之成为共享的。
静态路由一般适用于比较简单的网络环境，在这样的环境中，网络管理员易于清楚地了解网络的拓扑结构，便于设置正确的路由信息。
2．静态路由的特点静态路由的 IP 环境最适合小型、单路径、静态 IP 网际网络，具体如下：(1)小型网际网络的定义是 2 到 10 个网络；(2)单路径表示网际网络上的任意两个终点之间只有一条路径用于传送数据包；(3)静态表示网际网络的拓扑结构不随时间的变化而更改。
适合使用静态路由的环境包括：(1)小公司；(2)家庭办公室 IP 网际网络；(3)使用单个网络的分支机构。
与在通常是低带宽 WAN 链接上运行路由协议不同，分支机构路由器上的单个默认路由可以确保将所有未指定到分支机构网络计算机上的通信都路由到总部。
3．静态路由的缺点是(1)不能容错。
如果路由器或链接宕机，静态路由器不能感知故障并将故障通知到其他路由器。
这事关大型的公司网际网络，而小型办公室（在 LAN 链接基础上的两个路由器和三个网络）不会经常宕机，也不用因此而配置多路径拓扑和路由协议。
(2)管理开销较大。
如果对网际网络添加或删除一个网络，则必须手动添加或删除与该网络连通的路由。
如果添加新路由器，则必须针对网际网络的路由对其进行正确配置。
因而维护较为麻烦。
(3)路由表不会自动更新； (4)不适合于结构复杂的网络。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
例：如图所示，router A和router B没有作任何的路由设置，只是配置了IP地址，PC A的IP地址为10.1.1.1/24;默认网关为10.1.1.2，PC B的IP地址为10.3.3.2/24默认网关为10.3.3.1，试分析以下问题：
1) 第一步：PC A可以ping通router A的E0端口吗？如果不通，需要在
哪台设备上做什么配置？（只允许输入一条命令）
2) 第二步：上一步能够ping通之后，这时PC A可以ping通router A的
E1端口吗？如果不通，需要在哪台设备上做什么配置？（只允许输入一
条命令）
3) 第三步：上一步能够ping通之后，PC A可以ping通router B的E0端
口吗？如果不通，需要在哪台设备上做什么配置？（只允许输入一条命
令）
4) 第四步：上一步能够ping通之后，PC A可以ping通router B的E1端
口吗？如果不通，需要在哪台设备上做什么配置？（只允许输入一条命
令）
5) 第五步：上一步能够ping通之后，PC A可以ping通PC B吗？。