高考英语动词的时态和语态讲解

过去 was/ were done
将来 will/ shall/ be
过去将来 would/ should be
and Suf 进行
is/am/are being done
ing 完成
have/ has been done
meth 完成进行
have/ has been being done
r so 2. 被动语态的用法
gs last night.
thin （4） 当动作的执行者不是人时。如：
ll The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and
A vegetables.
过去将来时表示：1.过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图、打算（主要用于宾语从句中）eg: She was sure she would succeed. I thought you would come.
注意：把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式
现在完成时表示：1.现在已完成或刚刚完成且对现在有影响的动作 eg: I have finished my homework. 2.表示始于过去持续至今的动作或状态 eg: He’s lived here since 2005. I’ve taught English for
15 years. 3.到目前为止的一段时间内，多少次或第几次做某事 eg: He’s been to Beijing several times.
It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film. 4.将来某时将要做完的动作（仅限于时间和条件状语从句）eg: Don’t get off the bus until it
go ——No, I had not been invited. Did they have a big wedding?
易错知识总结 re ——The window is dirty.
g a ——I know. It has not been cleaned for weeks. in （2） 需要强调或突出动作的承受者或时间本身。如：
being done would/ should have been doneΒιβλιοθήκη Baiduwould/ should have been being
done
fo （1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。如：
od ——George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
was/ were/ being done
had been done
had been being done
done will/ shall be being done will/ shall have
been done
will/ shall have been being done
done would/ should be
d Suf 时态语态 n （一）时态 a 一般现在时表示:1.现在的经常性、习惯性动作 eg: I read English every morning.
ing 2.客观真理、普遍公立、科学事实 eg: The sun rises in the east. th 3.现有的兴趣、爱好或能力 eg: He likes playing football. e 4.现存的性质、特征或状态 eg: The situation is encouraging.
5.介绍故事剧情、新闻标题 eg: Workers face tough times abroad.
om 6.按时刻表或按规定计划、安排将要放生的动作（常见动词如：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, s start, takeoff, return, stop, open, close 等）eg: The train leaves at 4:30 p.m. r 注意：here, there, now, then 等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look! Here comes the fo bus. ood 一般过去时表示:1.过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 eg: He often cried when he was a boy.
过去完成时表示：1.过去某时间前已发生的动作或情况 eg: Marx had learned some English before he came to London.
2.过去某动作前已发生的另一动作 eg: The train had left when I got to the station. 3.始于过去持续至过去灵异事件，也许仍将延续下来的动作 eg: He said he had been in the Party for 10 years. 4.过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望（只限于 think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose, wish, want 等动词）eg: I had planned to see you yesterday, but the rain prevented me. 注意：过去完成时必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较 时才用到它。 Before，after 本身“前”“后”明显，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如 “He (had) left before I arrived”
be All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.
eir （3） 在文章标题、广告、新闻中。如：
th Girls wanted.招女工。
in Millions of pounds worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England
（二） 被动语态
1. 被动语态的构成
英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标
记的。被动语态由助动词 be 加动词的过去分词构成。助动词 be 随着主动的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而
变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：
体 时
一般
现在 is/ am/ are done
has stopped. 5.发生在过去的，但已成为现在的经历或经验 eg: We’ve all played with snow and ice.
注意：没有包括“现在” 在内或不是截止到“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用。 短暂性动词 的肯定式不能与时间段连用。 “in the pass/ last+时间段” 要与现在完成时连用。 have gone to 表示人在去所 指地方的路上或已在所指地方；have been to 表示人曾到过所指的地方，但现在不在所指地方。
nd 3. 注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态
e a （1） 在被动结构中，切不可丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。 如：
tim That old man was often laughed at.
a 那位老人常被人嘲笑。
at The plan will be given up.
ing 那个计划将要被放弃了。
e 注意：将来时常见表达形式：will/ shall do; be going to do; be to do; be about to do （此形式不能与时间状语连 th 用） s in 现在进行时表示：1.此时此刻正在发生的动作 eg: I’m studying English now.
g 2.现阶段正在发生的动作 eg: We are building our socialism. in 3.情况的暂时性 eg: I don’t really work here. I am just helping until the secretary arrives. th 4.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示参上或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调 ll 动作正在进行 eg: He is always helping others. She is always forgetting something. A 5.按计划、安排近期发生的动作（只限于 come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, d stay 等动词）eg: A foreigner is coming to visit our school. I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. n 注意：不宜用进行时的动作： 感觉类： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 情感类：like, love, prefer, a admire, hate, fear 心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, thin, understand, agree, know, remember, forget e 所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to a tim 过去进行时表示：1.过去某一时刻或阶段发生的动作 eg: He was watching TV this time yesterday. t 2.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示赞赏或亚无等感情色彩 eg: Comrade a Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself. g 3.过去计划、安排好的将来动作（只限于 come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, in stay 等动词）eg: He said he was leaving the next day. I was told the train was starting soon. nly one th 注意：过去进行时可用来描绘故事发生的背景，如：The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
注意：表示过去经常发生的动作，也可以用 “used to do…” 和 “ would do”
eing 一般将来时表示：1.现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态 eg: Tom will come next week. b 2.事物的固有属性或必然趋势 eg: Oil will float in water. Fish will die without water. ir 3.对将来某个动作的安排、计划 eg: He is going to speak on TV this evening.
nly one th Bad habits have been done away with.
坏习惯已经改掉了。 （2） 含有情态动词的句子的被动语态结构是：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词。如：
g 2.过去某时的状态或动作 eg: I went to the bank just now. re 3.用于 I didn’t know… 或 I forgot…，表示实现不知道或不记得，但现在已经知道或记得的事 a 情。eg: I didn’t know you were here. Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.