虚拟语气与倒装句

语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型

虚拟语气

虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。

一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法

常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：

Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！

be happy! 快乐！

have a good time! 玩得愉快！

May you 祝你

succeed! 成功！

make progress! 进步！

二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：

1．在非真实性条件句和主句中的用法

条件从句主句

一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形

如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。

If I had time,I would go there.

如果我有空，我就去那儿。

条件从句主句

过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have done

如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。

条件从句主句

一般过去时（be多用were）

would/should/could/might＋动词原形

should do,were to do

put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）

If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.

万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

4）i f的省略

如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should

置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。

例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

5)条件句或主句的省略

当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。

例如：——Why didn t you attend the party yesterday?

——I would/should have,but I was too busy then.

I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）

6)混合时间条件句和主句

条件句和主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。

例如：If the teacher hadn t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had

reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.

7)含蓄条件句和主句

即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if 从句。

例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn t have made such great progress.

＝If his help,we wouldn t have made such great progress. 2.在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中用法：

在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：

The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.

注：as if/as though 从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）

3．在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：

1） 在wish 后的宾语从句中的用法：

A ．和过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done ”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterday s exam.要是我昨天的测试及格了该多好。

B ．和现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did ”形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.

C ．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do ”形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!

2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“(should) do ”形式。例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/

insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.

3)在“It is (about/high) time ＋that 从句”结构中，that 从句的谓语用一般过去

时或“should do ”形式。例如：It is high time he 他该开始了。 4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,

advice 等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do ”形式。例如：

My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.

虚拟语气考点分析

1．——Alice,why didn t you come yesterday?

——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)

A.had

B.would

C.was going to

D.did

析:此题A 、D 明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B 选项若为would have 则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadn t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to 可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。

2．If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier. (NMET)

A.will be

B.would have been

C.could have been

D.would be

析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是和现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D 。

3．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET)

A.obeys

B.obey

C.will obey

D.would obey

析：根据insist 后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do 形式规律，可定正确答案是B 。

4．I wish I _____ you yesterday.

A.seen

B.did see

C.had seen

D.were to see

析：此题表和过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C 。

5．—— If he _____ ,he _____ that food.

—— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)

A.was warned;would not take

B.had been warned;would not have taken

C.wuld be warned;had not taken

D.would have been warned;had not taken

there hadn t been we hadn t got started. should start.