虚拟语气与倒装句
语法：虚拟语气和倒装句
虚拟语气虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达：1.非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人的主观愿望。
2.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意思，表示强烈地要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。
虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而起一般有明显的标志。
难点释疑一、If型If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)，谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。
例如：If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.要是彼得申请了那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。
If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now.如果他昨天动身去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。
二、Wish型1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：与过去事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用did与将来事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could do例如：I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。
同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。
2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反if only 谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反if only 谓语动词用did例如：If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！3.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用did例如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。
虚拟语气和倒装句讲解
一、主句和从句主句是句子的主干，是句子表达的主要意思，从句的意义从属于主句。
如：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。
这句话要说明的主要意思是麻雀五脏俱全，后一句是句子的主句，前面是从句。
二：关于虚拟语气第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。
例：1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。
(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。
(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。
(事实上不可能)4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。
(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用
语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用语法虚拟语气与倒装句在英语中都是比较常见的语法现象，它们在句子结构和语法意义上都有一定的特点和用法。
本文将着重论述虚拟语气与倒装句的使用方法和相关注意事项。
一、虚拟语气的使用方法1. 条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气通常用于表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况。
常见的条件句有三种类型：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，以及与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。
a) 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：If I were you, I would apologize.（如果我是你，我会道歉。
）b) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学习得更努力，我就能通过考试。
）c) 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.（如果明天下雨，我们会取消野餐。
）2. 虚拟语气在建议、要求和命令中的使用虚拟语气还可以用于表示建议、要求和命令等语气中，表示一种虚拟或非现实的情况。
常用的动词有recommend, suggest, insist等。
I suggest that he go to the doctor immediately.（我建议他立即去看医生。
）3. 虚拟语气在表达愿望和建议中的使用虚拟语气还可以用于表示愿望、希望和建议等语气中，通常使用“（should）+动词原形”来表达。
I wish I had more time to travel.（我希望有更多时间去旅行。
）二、倒装句的使用方法倒装句指的是将句子中的主语和谓语动词调换位置，主要有两种类型：完全倒装和部分倒装。
1. 完全倒装完全倒装是将整个谓语动词放在主语之前，通常在以下情况下使用：a) 表示地点、时间或方式的状语置于句首时：On the wall hung a beautiful painting.（墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。
倒装句与虚拟语气了解倒装句和虚拟语气的相互关系和使用场景
倒装句与虚拟语气了解倒装句和虚拟语气的相互关系和使用场景倒装句与虚拟语气：了解倒装句和虚拟语气的相互关系和使用场景在汉语和许多其他语言中，句子的基本结构是主语+谓语+宾语。
然而，在英语中，我们有许多变化句子结构的方法，其中一种是倒装句。
倒装句是将谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前，以达到强调、修辞或句子结构平衡的目的。
虚拟语气是一种用于表达假设、愿望、建议或命令的一种语法结构。
与陈述句不同，虚拟语气在现实场景中不能实现，因此需要使用特定的动词形式来表示虚拟状态。
倒装句和虚拟语气之间具有密切的联系，因为在某些情况下，倒装句可以用来表示虚拟语气。
接下来，我们将探讨这两个概念的相互关系以及它们的使用场景。
一、倒装句的用途1. 强调句子成分倒装句在句子成分之间实现了一种颠倒的顺序，从而使句子中的特定成分更加突出。
举个例子：- "Not only does he enjoy playing basketball, but he also loves to watch the games."（他不仅喜欢打篮球，而且也热爱观看比赛。
）在这个例子中，倒装句"Not only does he"将主语"he"和谓语"enjoy playing basketball"的顺序颠倒，从而在句子中强调了主语。
2. 条件句中的倒装在条件句（if-clause）中，倒装句可以用来表达可能性、假设或很强的愿望。
例如：- "Had I known about the party, I would have attended."（如果我早知道宴会的事，我就会去参加了。
）这个例子中的倒装句"Had I known"以及后面的虚拟语气结构"would have attended"表达了与现实情况相反的假设。
高中英语高考语法知识整理复习(虚拟语气+倒装句)
高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+ had + done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她（事实：去晚了）。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：不可能来）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。
虚拟语气和倒装句
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.二.与将来事实相反Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.三、与过去事实相反IfI’ddnownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would have told you.(=If you had asked me,…)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he...)(=If there were no water,…)(=If you hadn’ t helped me,…)3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you ,I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
虚拟语气、倒装
英语虚拟语气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：虚拟条件句。
名词性虚拟语气。
虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句：条件句中表虚拟，时态后退是真理1、条件从句与现在事实不一致如：If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：虚拟将来有偏方，were to/ should 来帮忙If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意：If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Were/ had/should到句首，条件句中if走Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：虚拟用在名从中，should do 结构要记清；一个坚持insist两命令order, command，三个建议suggest, advise, propose四要求demand, require, ask, desire；句型：（should）＋动词原形，注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。
虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格
虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格一.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。
虚拟语气主要分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反以及与将来事实相反三个种类。
让我们一一来看下它们的结构和用法吧!1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
(事实：我不可能是你)If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
(事实：不知道)If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)If I had any money with me，I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
(事实：没有带钱)If he studied harder，he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。
(事实：没有努力)If I were you，I'd wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫和领带。
(事实：我并不是你)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneeg：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
虚拟语气与倒装句型
虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。
一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。
例如：Long live the People ⨯s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1） 表示与现在事实相反如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
If I had time,I would go there.如果我有空，我就去那儿。
2） 与过去事实相反例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn ⨯t/wouldn ⨯t have missed the bus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。
3） 与将来事实可能相反例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。
（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。
）If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
4） i f 的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if 省略，而把were,had 或should置于句首,来表达以if 引导的条件句的相同意思。
例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen May you 祝你you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。
英语语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用
英语语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊句式，用来表达非事实、假设、愿望等情况。
虚拟语气通常与条件句或从句连用，可以用于表达建议、命令、愿望、假设等多种情况。
与虚拟语气相关的一个用法是倒装句，它在语法结构上具有一些特殊的规则。
本文将介绍英语语法中虚拟语气和倒装句的使用。
一、虚拟语气1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句表示与事实相反的假设或条件。
常见的虚拟条件句包括与现在事实相反的假设（用过去完成时表示）、与过去事实相反的假设（用过去完成时表示）、与将来事实相反的假设（用一般过去时表示）等。
例如：- If I were you, I would invite him to the party.（与现在事实相反的假设）- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（与过去事实相反的假设）- If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（与将来事实相反的假设）2. 虚拟命令、建议和要求虚拟命令、建议和要求用于表达愿望、建议或要求。
常用动词有advise, ask, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request等。
例如：- I recommend that he study more.（我建议他多学习。
）- The teacher insisted that the students finish their homework.（老师坚持要求学生完成作业。
）3. 虚拟愿望虚拟愿望用于表达对于现在情况的不满或对于将来情况的期望。
通常使用“希望”（wish）来引导宾语从句。
例如：- I wish I were taller.（我希望我更高。
）- I wish it would stop raining.（我希望停止下雨。
）二、倒装句倒装句是英语语法中常见的一种句子结构，它的主语和谓语动词的位置颠倒。
虚拟语气及倒装
虚拟语⽓及倒装虚拟语⽓⼀、基础巩固虚拟语⽓基本形式1.I wish / as if / If only 对过去的虚拟对现在的虚拟对将来的虚拟2.would rather对过去的虚拟对现在的虚拟3.从句主句对过去的虚拟If对现在的虚拟If对将来的虚拟If4. It's high time that5. ⽤于should类型虚拟语⽓的动词：建议_____________________命令_____________________要求_____________________坚持_____________________6．有时虚拟语⽓是通过上下⽂的语义表⽰出来的：He would have given you more help, but he was very busy.(If he had not been so busy…)He was seriously ill, otherwise he would have come to our meeting. (otherwise = If he had not been seriously ill)⼆、单项选择1. We demanded that we _______ of any change in the plan.A. informedB. would be informedC. be informedD. had been informed2. It’s necessary that he _______ a recognized qualification.A. hasB. haveC. hadD. having3. It's high time we ______ our attention to this problem.A. turnedB. turnC. had turnedD. would turn4. If only you __________ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.A. didn't toldB. hadn't toldC. would not tellD. would have not told5. He must have had an accident, or he_______ here then.A. would have beenB. had beenC. should have beenD. could be6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_______ before.A. had inventedB. were inventedC. should have been inventedD. had been invented7. _______ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.A. Were they toB. Could theyC. If theyD. Would they8. Five minutes earlier, and we ________ the last bus.A. had caughtB. should have caughtC. could have caughtD. caught9. You _______ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.A. shouldn't have washedB. mustn't have washedC. can not have washedD. needn't have washed10. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.A. has to getB. were to getC. had gotD. could have got11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ________ himself.A. injureB. had injuredC. injuredD. would injure12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.A. were not playedB. not to playC. not be playedD. did not play13. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ______ on business first.A. would goB. will goC. wentD. have gone14. It is important that enough money ___________ to fund the project.A. be collectedB. must be collectedC. was collectedD. can be collected15. If only the committee _______ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A. approveB. will approveC. can approveD. would approve16. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.A. is assignedB. will be assignedC. be assignedD. has been assigned17. You _______ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.A. needn't have seenB. must have seenC. might have seenD. can't have seen18. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _______ him.A. would have telephonedB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. had telephoned19. It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made.A. is not startedB. will not be startedC. not be startedD. is not to be started20. I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept21. I ________ her to the party but I didn't know her well.A. ought have invitedB. would have invitedC. should inviteD. may have invited22. You ________ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.A. needn't goB. should not goC. had better not goD. needn't have gone23. --- Would you have called her up had it been possible?---- Yes, but I ________ busy doing my homework..A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be24. It was essential that the application forms _______ back before the deadlineA. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent25. It is important that we ________.A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the window before we leaveC. must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leave26. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____________ yesterday. (2006全国)A. was happeningB. happensC. has happenedD. happened27. ---Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?---I agree, but the problem is ________he has refused to. (2005江苏)A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what28. If I ________plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005湖北)A. wouldB. couldC. had toD. ought to29. If he ___ in a day or two, I would wait for him.A. returnsB. should have returnedC. were to returnD. had returned30. You didn’t let me drive. If we __ in turn, you ___ so tired.A. drove, didn’t getB. drove, wouldn’t getC. were driving, wouldn’t getD. had driven, wouldn’t have got31. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come32. _____ for the doctor’s careful treatment, he ________till last year.A. If it is not, can’t liveB. Were it not, couldn’t liveC. Had it not been, couldn’t have livedD. If they were not, couldn’t live33. What would have happened, ___, as far as the riverbank?A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther34. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will35 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the MelindaCox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn’t have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall倒装语法专练⼀.知识储备：英语句⼦的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，这种语序叫做正常语序或⾃然语序。
练习题虚拟语气和倒装句的运用及
练习题虚拟语气和倒装句的运用及虚拟语气和倒装句是英语语法中的两个重要部分。
虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议或命令等情况，倒装句用于强调语气，改变语序或突出句子的某个成分。
本文将介绍虚拟语气和倒装句的基本规则和运用场景。
一、虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气的基本用法虚拟语气用于表示与事实相反的条件、愿望、建议等情况。
用法如下：1.1 与事实相反的条件如果条件从句中的动词是虚拟语气，那么主句中的动词也要使用虚拟语气。
常用的虚拟语气动词有：were, had, should, could, would等。
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（如果我是一只鸟，我会在天空中飞翔。
）1.2 与现在事实相反的愿望在表达对现在事实的反思、后悔或愿望时，常使用虚拟语气来表示。
例如：I wish I were taller.（我希望我能更高一点。
）1.3 与过去事实相反的愿望在表达对过去事实的反思、后悔或愿望时，同样使用虚拟语气。
例如：He wishes he had studied harder when he was young.（他希望他年轻时学得更努力。
）1.4 建议和要求在表示建议、命令或要求时，常使用虚拟语气。
例如：The teacher suggested that we should finish the assignment on time.（老师建议我们应该按时完成作业。
）2. 虚拟语气的倒装形式在虚拟语气中，常使用倒装形式来强调语气或改变句子结构。
2.1 条件句中的倒装在虚拟条件句中，如果主句中的动词省略了"if"，那么其中的主谓语将会倒装。
例如：Should you need any help, please feel free to ask.（如果你需要帮助，请随时提问。
）2.2 主语从句中的倒装当虚拟语气中的主语从句以"were"开头时，常使用倒装形式。
语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句综合
语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句知识总结与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，怀疑，推测或后悔。
虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。
虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1. 动词过去式2. had done3. would/could/should/might do4. would/could/should/might have done5. were（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，后悔或推测。
句型结构：If +主语+had been/done….，主语+should/could/might/would + have done….1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might have made all different.2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped him.（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were / 动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/would +do1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were to do, 主语+should/could/might/would +doIf +主语+should doIf +主语+动词过去式（1）If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.（2）If the little girl should take piano lessons, she would have less free time.（3）If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。
英语语法中的倒装句和虚拟语气
英语语法中的倒装句和虚拟语气英语是一门语法非常严密的语言，其中倒装句和虚拟语气是比较有代表性的两种语法现象。
它们的运用非常灵活，不但能够丰富语言表达的层次，还能够措辞优美、言简意赅。
下面我们就来探讨一下这两种语法现象的用法与特点。
倒装句所谓倒装句，指的是在语句中将主语和谓语的位置颠倒的现象。
具体来说，有三种情况：1.整个谓语做倒装。
例如：Never had I seen such a beautiful view before.（我以前从没看过这么美的风景。
）Only by working hard can we achieve our goals.（只有通过努力工作，我们才能实现我们的目标。
）注意，这种倒装通常用于强调句子中的某一部分，比如"never"和"only"这样的副词。
在平常的口语和写作中，这种用法并不常见。
2.助动词和主语的位置互换。
例如：Are you going to the party tonight? -> Are you not going to theparty tonight?He has finished the report. -> Has he finished the report?这种倒装在否定句和疑问句中比较常见。
3.只有谓语的一部分做倒装。
例如：Up the hill walked the little girl.（小女孩沿着山坡走了。
）In the garden sat the old man.（老人坐在花园里。
）这种倒装通常在口语和文学作品中出现，英语中很多歌曲和诗歌也会使用这种语法结构。
总体来说，倒装结构让英语句子的语序独特，增加了句子的语言美感和表达效果。
虚拟语气虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）是英语语法中非常重要的一个概念。
虚拟语气主要用来表达一些虚构的假设或者反事实情况，比如愿望、建议、命令、条件句等等。
虚拟语气和倒装
倒装的分类
完全倒装
例如，“Here comes the bus.”（公交车来了。）这句话中， 谓语“comes”完全提前到了句首。
部分倒装
例如，“Only in this way can we solve the problem.”（只 有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。）这句话中，情态动词“can” 提前到了主语“we”之前，但谓语“solve”没有提前。
分放在句子的哪个位置？
04
答案：句首。
翻译题
翻译题1
请将以下中文句子翻译成 英文，注意使用虚拟语气。
答案
If I were you, I would choose a different profession.
句子
Were you to ask him, he would help you.
句子
如果我是你，我会选择不 同的职业。
倒装的用法
要点一
强调
使用倒装可以强调某个信息，例如， “Out dashed the cat.”（那只猫冲 了出来。）这句话中，通过将 “dashed”提前到句首，强调了猫冲 出的动作。
要点二
平衡句子结构
在句子中，有时为了平衡句子的结构， 会使用倒装。例如，“The book is not only cheap but also of good quality.”（这本书不仅便宜，而且质 量很好。）这句话中，为了平衡“not only”和“but also”，使用了部分倒 装。
虚拟语气的分类
01
02
03
条件虚拟
虚拟语气与倒装句
语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。
一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。
例如：Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed!成功！ make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
If I had time,I would go there.如果我有空，我就去那儿。
如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。
例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。
（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。
）If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
4） i f 的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if 省略，而把were,had 或should置于句首,来表达以if 引导的条件句的相同意思。
例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。
英语虚拟语气及倒装精简总结
虚拟语气英语中的各种语气：1、陈述语气：I like apples我喜欢苹果;I don't like apples2、疑问语气：What's your nameDo you like apples3、祈使语气：Open the door4、虚拟语气：If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你,我将会原谅她;1、与现在的事实相反：从句用过去式,主句用would/could/might/should/+V原形例如；If I had time, the classroom would be cleaner.如果我有时间,教室将会更加干净;2、与过去的事实相反：主句用would/could/should/might/+ have done , 从句过去完成时;例如；If I had finished my homework, I would have passed that test.如果当时我完成了我的作业,我就能够通过我的考试了;3、与将来的事实相反：主句用：should/could/would/might/+V原形,从句用should do可能性最大,过去式可能性一般were to do可能性最小If it should snow tomorrow,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,明天我将堆个雪人If it snowed tomorrow,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,明天我将堆个雪人If it were to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,我将对个雪人虚拟语气的倒装形式If I had worked hard, I would have finished it如果当时我努力工作,我就已经完成它了; Had I worked hard, I would have finished itIf it should snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanShould it snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanIf it were to snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanWere it to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman虚拟语气在各类从句中的用法1、I lifted the chair so that I could be seen我举起椅子就是为了能被看见状语从句状语从句中常见连接词：as if好像,as though好像,in order that为了,for fear that生怕,In case万一;2、主语从句：It is +形容词+that+ 主语+should+动词原形,should可以省略It is very important that we should study English every day我们每天学习英语是很重要的;3、宾语从句；I wish I would visit the moon我祝愿自己能有一天拜访月球;宾语从句常见句型：主语+常见动词+that+ 主语+ should+动词原形I suggest that you should do your homework我建议你应该做你的作业;4、表语从句；He looked as if he had been here for many years他看起来好像已经很多年了;5、同位语从句：I make a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week我提议下周召开一次会议虚拟语气常见词汇：demand,require,proposal,advise,order,suggest虚拟语气的其他用法：6、祝愿：Long live peace和平万岁7、It is hightime that+ 主语+ should/过去式：该做……的时候了;It's time that we had a break我们早该休息了;It's hightime that we should protect ourselves我们是时候保护我们自己了;8、If only引出感叹句,意思是“要是…..多好”,表示说话人的一种愿望;表示现在的情况,应用过去式;表示过去的情况,应用过去完成时态表示将来的情况,用would+动词原形If only he didn’t drive so fast.现在Look at the terrible situation I am in If only I had followed your advice.过去If only the rain would stop将来9、Even if/even though表示一种让步语气,即使...也做不成某事;表示现在的情况,应用过去式表示过去的情况,应用过去完成时态Even if he were here,he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then,I would have helped you.练习：1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tiredA. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven ; wouldn’t have got4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prisonA. refersB. referringC. referredD. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with himA. on him to go; should beB. he went; beC. he go; wasD. he should to; is8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than todayA. tellsB. toldC. would tellD. had told9. ---Would you have called her up---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homeworkA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meetA. would have taken part inB. took part inC. had taken part inD. would take part in倒装句为了强调或平衡句子结构,英语中常用倒装;倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装;全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前;部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前;如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did等,并将其置于主语之前;1.以here,there,now,then等地点或时间副词开头的句子,谓语动词是be, come, go, remain 等,而主语又是名词时,用全部倒装;注意：如果句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装;如：Here comes the bus/ Here it comes2.有些动词与副词out,in,up,down,away等构成不及物动词短语;为了使句子更生动,常将这些副词提前到句首,这时用全部倒装;注意：句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装;如：Up went the rocket. / Up it went.3.将表示地点的介词短语放在句首进行强调时,使用全部倒装;谓语动词常为不及物动词;如：From the window came the sound of music.4.当句子主语部分较长,谓语部分较短,或为了强调句子的表语时,常使用全部倒装;句子的结构为“表语+系动词+主语”;如：Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.5.if虚拟条件状语从句中,如果将连词if省略,需用部分倒装;如：Were I you, I would go there.6. as引导的让步状语从句的倒装有如下几种形式：1 从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”时,常将此副词提前到从句句首;如：Hard as you try, you will not be satisfied.2 从句的谓语部分为“情态动词+不及物动词”时,常将此动词提前到从句句首;如：Wait as you may, he will not see you.3 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+形容词”时,常将此表语形容词提前到从句句首;如：Proud as the nobles are, they are afraid to see me.4 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+单数名词”时,则常将这个表语提前,但要省略名词前的不定冠词;如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.7.具有半否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,用部分倒装;如：seldom, rarely, not, never, by no means, in no time, hardly...when, no sooner...than, not only...but also等;如：Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons. Hardly did I notice the signal when I caught by police.8.“only+状语”位于句首时, 用部分倒装;如：Only then did I know the importance of English.9.so...that结构中,有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so 连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提前放在句首;如：So bright was the moon that the flowers seem as bright as by day.10. 最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:1only +状语或状语从句置于句首,被该状语修饰的句子用部分倒装;Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题;Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误;2 hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only …but also,not until…等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装;Hardly do I know chemistry.= I hardly know chemistry.1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realized2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.A. you canB. can youC. you willD. will you3. If you don't go, neither ____.A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.A. had I got, whenB. I had got, thanC. had I got, thanD. did I get, when5. ——Your father is very strict with you.____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.A. So he isB. So is heC. He is soD. So does he6. ____ today, he would get there by Sunday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave7. Never in my life ____ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seenB. have I heard or seenC. I have heard or seenD. did I hear or see8. ——Here ____ Where is Xiao LiuThere ____.A. comes the bus, is heB. comes the bus, he isC. the bus comes, is heD. the bus comes, he is9. ____ , I will not buy it.A. Much as do I like itB. As much I like itC. Much as I like itD. As I like it much10. ——I like football. I don't like volleyball.A. So do IB. Neither do IC. So it is with meD. So is it with me。
词汇与语法第5讲(虚拟语气-倒装句)
建议学习者深入理解虚拟语气倒装句的规则和用法，掌握其基本结构 和变化规律。
多加练习
通过大量的练习和实践，逐渐熟悉和掌握虚拟语气倒装句的使用，提 高运用语言的准确性。
关注语境
注意在不同的语境下选择合适的虚拟语气倒装句，以更好地表达意思 和情感。
持续学习
随着语言的发展，虚拟语气倒装句的用法和规则也在不断变化。建议 学习者保持持续学习的态度，关注语言的新变化和发展趋势。
第二类虚拟语气倒装句
用于表达与现在事实相反的情况。例 如：If I were you, I would go to the party.
虚拟语气倒装句的用法
用于表达假设、想象或虚构的情 况，强调与实际情况的对比。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
在文学、诗歌、戏剧等艺术作品 中，虚拟语气倒装句常常被用来
增强语言的表现力和感染力。
在科学、法律、政治等正式文体 中，虚拟语气倒装句也常被用来 表达假设或推测的情况，增强语
在虚拟语气倒装句中，通常使用助动 词did、were等代替正常语序中的谓 语动词。
虚拟语气倒装句的分类
第一类虚拟语气倒装句
第三类虚拟语气倒装句
用于表达与过去事实相反的情况。例 如：If I had known the answer, I would have told you.
用于表达与将来事实相反的情况。例 如：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
言的严谨性和说服力。
03
虚拟语气倒装句的构成
虚拟语气倒装句的构成方式
主语倒装
将主语放在谓语动词之前， 表示强调或突出主语。
谓语倒装
将谓语放在主语之后，表 示强调或突出谓语。
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语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。
一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。
例如：Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！May you 祝你succeed! 成功！make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1．在非真实性条件句和主句中的用法条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
If I had time,I would go there.如果我有空，我就去那儿。
条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have done如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。
条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形should do,were to doput off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。
（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。
）If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
4）i f的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。
例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。
例如：——Why didn t you attend the party yesterday?——I would/should have,but I was too busy then.I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）6)混合时间条件句和主句条件句和主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。
例如：If the teacher hadn t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you hadreviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.7)含蓄条件句和主句即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if 从句。
例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn t have made such great progress.＝If his help,we wouldn t have made such great progress. 2.在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中用法：在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。
例如：The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.注：as if/as though 从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。
如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。
例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。
（下雨的可能性很大。
）3．在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：1） 在wish 后的宾语从句中的用法：A ．和过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done ”形式。
例如：I wish I had passed yesterday s exam.要是我昨天的测试及格了该多好。
B ．和现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did ”形式。
例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.C ．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do ”形式。
例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“(should) do ”形式。
例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.3)在“It is (about/high) time ＋that 从句”结构中，that 从句的谓语用一般过去时或“should do ”形式。
例如：It is high time he 他该开始了。
4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,advice 等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do ”形式。
例如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.虚拟语气考点分析1．——Alice,why didn t you come yesterday?——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did析:此题A 、D 明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。
B 选项若为would have 则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadn t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。
但此处是would,故应排除。
只有was going to 可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。
2．If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier. (NMET)A.will beB.would have beenC.could have beenD.would be析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是和现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
故答案为D 。
3．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET)A.obeysB.obeyC.will obeyD.would obey析：根据insist 后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do 形式规律，可定正确答案是B 。
4．I wish I _____ you yesterday.A.seenB.did seeC.had seenD.were to see析：此题表和过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C 。
5．—— If he _____ ,he _____ that food.—— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)A.was warned;would not takeB.had been warned;would not have takenC.wuld be warned;had not takenD.would have been warned;had not takenthere hadn t been we hadn t got started. should start.析：从对话看，是表达和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。
6.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (NMET)A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would be析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是和现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。
7．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (NMET)A.breaksB.has brokenC.were brokenD.had been broken析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是和现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。
8．You didn t let me drive.If we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired. (NMET)A.drove;didn t getB.drove;wouldn t getC.were driving;wouldn t getD.had driven;wouldn t have got析：观察题干，可知if从句表述和过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。
9．I didn t see your uncle at the party.If he _____ ,he would have said hello tome.A.would comeB.had comeC.cameD.did come析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是和过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。