《英美文学简史及名篇选读》课后练习参考答案
【答案】英国文学史及选读unite2课后习题答案.docx
【答案】英国文学史及选读unite2课后习题答案.docxUnit twoAnglo-Norman Period1066~13501.In the year 1066, the Norman defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the battle of_____________Hastings______.The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was _the romance_____ _____. It was a long composition , sometimes in _prose _____, some times in _verse _____, describing the life and adventures of _a noble hero______.2.The most popular theme of English literature in the 11~14th century is______.The legend of King Arther and his round table knight3.William Langland's "_the vision of_Piers the Plowman__" is written in the form of aq dream vision.4.What is the influence of the Norman Conquest upon English language and literature?European ideals and customs were introduced into England.Languages mixed.Literature was varied in interest and extensive in range. Romance.5.Make comments on the romance " Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Middle English: Sir Gawayn and te Grene Kny?t) is a late 14th-century Middle English chivalric romance. It is one of the best known Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of folklore motifs, the beheading gameand the exchange of winnings. The Green Knight is interpreted by some as a representation of the Green Man of folklore and by others as an allusion to Christ. Written in stanzas of alliterative verse, each of which ends in a rhyming bob and wheel,[1] it draws on Welsh, Irish, and English stories, as well as the French chivalric tradition. It is an important poem in the romance genre, which typically involves a hero who goes on a quest which tests his prowess, and it remains popular to this day in modern English renderings from J. R. R. Tolkien, Simon Armitage, and others, as well as through film and stage adaptations.It describes how Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur's Round Table, accepts a challenge from a mysterious "Green Knight" who challenges any knight to strike him with his axe if he will take a return blow in a year and a day. Gawain accepts and beheads him with his blow, at which the Green Knight stands up, picks up his head, and reminds Gawain of the appointed time. In his struggles to keep his bargain, Gawain demonstrates chivalry and loyalty until his honour is called into question by a test involving Lady Bertilak, the lady of the Green Knight's castle.The poem survives in a single manuscript, the Cotton Nero A.x., which also includes three religious narrative poems: Pearl, Purity and Patience. All are thought to have been written by the same unknown author, dubbed the "Pearl Poet" or "Gawain Poet", since all three are written in a North West Midland dialect of Middle English.[2][3]。
《英美文学简史及名篇选读》课后练习参考答案
《英美文学简史及名篇选读》单元练习参考答案Exercises of Chapter II. Fill in the following blanks.1. Angles；Saxons; Jutes2. Beowulf3.French；Latin; Old EnglishII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.D2.C3.B4.E5. AIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.D3.B4.BExercises of Chapter III. Fill in the following blanks.1. Utopia2.Francis Bacon3. Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth4.classical; human activities; keynoteII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. Part I :1.D2.E3. B4. C5.APart II:6.L7.K8. I9.G 10.F. 11.H 12. JIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.D3.B4.B5.C6.CExercises of Chapter IIII. Fill in the following blanks.1. Charles I ; Parliament2. beheaded ; commonwealth3. King Charles II；Restoration4.William Shakespeare ; Geoffrey ChaucerII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.Part I :1.C2.D3.B4. APart II :1.H2.E3.F4.GIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.C3.D4.B5.CExercises of Chapter IVI. Fill in the following blanks.1.Sentimentalism2.Robert Burns3.Henry FieldingII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.、B/C2.A3.B4.DIII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. 1.B 2.C 3.A 4,E 5.DExercises of Chapter VI. Fill in the following blanks.1.the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s joint work Lyrical Ballads in1798;Walter Scott’s death2. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey3.Walter ScottII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.B2.C3.E4.F5.G6.A7.DIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.C3.C4.D5.BExercises of Chapter VII.Fill in the following blanks.1.1837；1901；remarkable；expansion；British Empire2.the contradiction between the rich and the poor; the conflicts between capitaland labour; the widespread unemployment; severe depression3.The Life of Charlotte Bronte4.Lewis Carroll；Oxford; Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland; Through theLooking-GrassII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.F2.A3.B4.C5.H6.E7.J8.K9.G 10.L 11.D 12.IIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.C3.B4.D5.B6.CExercises of Chapter VIII. Fill in the following blanks.1. Literature in 19252. Stream of consciousness3. science fiction; father of science fiction4. Modernism5. James Joyce; Virginia Woolf; William FaulknerII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.B2.C3.G4.E5.F6.H7.D8.AIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.A3.D4.D5.AExercises of Chapter VIIII. Fill in the following blanks.1. Booker Prize (The Man Booker Prize for Fiction); Full-length; English: UK2. Animal Farm；Nineteen Eighty-Four3. Elias Canetti; Doris Lessing; William Golding; V.S. Naipaul4. Samuel Beckett; Harold PinterII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.B2.G3.C4.F5.H6.J7.A8.I9.E 10.DIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.D3.C4.D5.AExercises of Chapter IXI. Fill in the following blanks.1. James Fenimore Copper2. New England Transcendentalism3. believers ; divinity; intuition; reason4. Washington Irving; Allan Poe; Nathaniel Hawthorne5. Emerson; Nature; Thoreau’s WaldenII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.E2.B3.H4.F5.C6.G7.A8.DIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.B3.D4.D5.C6.AExercises of Chapter XI. Fill in the following blanks.1. naturalism; realism2. International theme3. industrialization ; mechanization4. wit ; satire5. feministII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.C2.A3.B4.H5.F6.D7.E8.GIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.A2.B3.B4.D5.BExercises of Chapter XII. Fill in the following blanks.1. Lost Generation2. Eugene O’NeilII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.Part I : 1.B 2.E 3.D 4.A 5.CPart II：7.H 8.J 9.K 10.L 11.I 12.GIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.B3.A4.B5.AExercises of Chapter XIII. Fill in the following blanks.1. Edward Albee2. William Faulkner；Ernest Hemingway；John Steinbeck；Saul Bellow；Issac Bashevis Singer；Joseph Brodsky; Toni Morrison；Bob Dylan3.Joseph Heller; Thomas PynchonII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.D2.J3.B4.G5.I6.H7.C8.A9.F 10.EIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.A2.B3.C4.B5.A。
【答案】英国文学史及选读unite3课后习题答案.docx
Unit three 1. ______Geoffrey Chaucer______ , the ' father of English poetry' and one of the greatest narrative poets of England was born in London about 1340. 2. Chaucer Chaucer died died died on on on the the the 25th 25th 25th of of of october october october 1400, 1400, 1400, and and and was was was buried buried buried in in in _Westminster _Westminster Abbey_____ A. Italy B. France C. Flanders D. Westminster Abbey 3. Chaucer's earliest work of any length is his _A_____, a translation of the French " Roman de la Rose" by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe. A. Romance of the Rose B. A Red, Red Rose C. Piers the Plowman D.Troilus and Criseyde 4. The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a general Prologue and only _24____ tales, of which two are left unfinished. 5. The _Prologue_____ _ provides provides provides a a a framework framework framework for for for the the the tales tales tales in in in " " " The The The Canterbury Canterbury Tales" , and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures. 6. Geoffrey Chaucer's contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced introduced from from from France France France the the the rhymed rhymed rhymed stanzas stanzas stanzas of of of various various various types, types, types, especially especially especially the the rhymed rhymed couplet couplet couplet of of of iambic iambic iambic pentameter pentameter pentameter ( ( ( to to to be be be called called called later later later the:"_the:"_heroic _____ couplet") to English peotry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse A. exotic B. esoteric C. heroic 7. "The "The Canterbury Canterbury Canterbury Tales" Tales" Tales" opens opens opens with with with a a a genaral genaral genaral prologue prologue prologue where where where we we we are are are told told told of of of a a company of pilgrims that gathered at__Tarbard ____Inn in Southwark , a suburb of London. 8. 8. What What What is is is the the the function function function of of of the the the Prologue Prologue Prologue to to to the the the The The The Canterbury Canterbury Canterbury Tales? Tales? The General Prologue is the key to The Canterbury tales that narrates about the gathering of a group of people in an inn that intend t o go on a pilgrimage to Canterbury (England) next morning. In the Gen eral Prologue, the narrator of The Canterbury Tales, who is one of th e intended pilgrims, provides more or less accurate depictions of the members of the group and describes why and how The Canterbury Tales is told.If we trust the General Prologue, Chaucer determined that each pilgrim should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two tales on the way back. The host of the inn offers to be and is appointed as j udge of the tales as they are told and is supposed to determine the b est hence winning tale. As mentioned before, The Canterbury Tales was never finished.The General Prologue is usually regarded as the greatest portraitgallery in English literature. It is largely composed of a series of sketches differing widely in length and method, and blending the ind ividual and the typical in varying degrees.The purpose of the General Prologue is not only to present a vivid collection of character sketches, but also tries to reveal the auth or or‘‘s intention in bringing together a great variety of people and na rrative materials (Ranging in status from a Knight to a humble Plowma n, the pilgrims are a microcosm of 14th-century English society) to u nite the diversity of the tales by allotting them to a diversity of t ellers engaged in a common endeavor, to set the tone for the story-te lling -- one of jollity which accords with the tone of the whole work: that of grateful acceptance of life killing the time in a joyful way, secular purpose of the pilgrim; to make clear the plan for the tales, to motivate the telling of several of tales and to introduce the pil grims and the time and occasion of the pilgrimage.9. What is Chaucer's contribution to English language? Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer,the Chaucer,the Chaucer,the first first first great great great write write write in in in English, English, English, was was was born born born in in London London in in in about about 1340, he is called the father of English literature by many scholars. Chaucer ’s literary literary career career career may may may be be be devided devided devided roughly roughly roughly into into into three three three periods.The periods.The periods.The period period period of of of French French influence, the period of Italian influence, the period of maturity.And it was the third period period that that that Chaucer Chaucer Chaucer wrote wrote wrote his his his famous famous famous work--- work--- work--- The The The Canterbury Canterbury Canterbury Tales. Tales. Chaucer played an important role in the development of English literature. Chaucer is the father of English poetry, and he presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, it is the first time in English literature. Chaucer is also considered as a great master of the English language. When Chaucer was born, French and Lantin were the most powerful ntin was was used used used in in in the the the Church Church Church and and and French French French was was was the the the language language language of of of the the the royal royal royal court, court, court, English, English, although although it it it was was was used used used every every every day day day by by by the the the majority majority majority of of of the the the people people people ,was ,was ,was a a a second-class second-class language.Chaucer language.Chaucer realised the importance of realised the importance of creating literature in the vernacular, in the languate of the people. He decided to make the everyday English of south-east England and London the language of literature ,Chaucer greatly increased the prestige of English as a literary language and extended the the range range of of its its its poetic poetic vocabulary and and meters. meters. Besides, Chaucer introduced introduced from from from France France France the the the rhymed rhymed rhymed stanzas stanzas stanzas of of of various various various types types types to to to English English English poetry poetry poetry to to replace replace the the the old old old English English English alliterative alliterative alliterative verse. verse. In In a a a word, word, word, what what what Chauceer Chauceer Chauceer had had had done done makes a big difference to English literature. 。
当代英美散文名篇选读上册课后答案
当代英美散文名篇选读上册课后答案1 Unit One How to Grow Old Key to Exercise II 1. related 2. melancholy 3. inquire 4. dismal 5. recipe 6. wholesome 7. callous 8. philanthropic 9. justification 10. undue 11. abject 12. contain 13. receded 14. absorption 15. ignoble 16. decay 17. known 18. indifferent 19. weariness 20. contemplative Intensive temperament contradict Key to Exercise III 1. sustained 2. life 3. retire 4. immerse 5. activity 6. physically 7. at 8. not 9. prolong 10. forms 11. exercises 12. about 13. take 14. against 15. intensive 16. fear 17. crucial 18. past 19. extensive 20. fun 21. favours 22. explosive 23. disadvantage 24. relaxed 25. lazy 26. idea 27. zest 28. subjects 29. Thinking 30. complaining 31. criticizin32. funeral 33. life-stretc34. life-shorte35. But2 g her ners 36. overstress 37. must 38. terms 39. may 40. way 41. concerned 42. are 43. on 44. long-lived 45. not 46. longevity 47. little 48. enjoy 49. people 50. not 51. but 52. of 53. day 54. walks 55. day 56. Over 57. that 58. the 59. feeling 60. against 61. bore 62. more 63. laugh 64. by 65. life Contradict deteriorate obesity masochism imposition impish Key to Exercise IV I am not sure that I can draw an exact line between wit and humor. Perhaps the distinct is so subtle that only those can decide∧have long white beards. ∧I am quite positive that of the two humor is∧more comfortable and the more livable quantity. Humorous persons if their gift is genuine and not a merely shine upon the 1. distinction 2. who 3. But 4. the 5.quality 6. mere 7. agreeable 3 surface are always agreed companions and they sit through ∧evening best. They have pleasant mouths turned up at the corners. ∧These corners the great Master of marionettes has fixed the strings and he holds them in the nimblest fingers to twitch them at the slightest jest. And the mouth of a witty man is hard and sour until the moment of ∧discharge. Nor is the flash from a witty man ever comforting whereas a humorous man radiates∧general pleasure and is like other candle in the room. I admire wit but I have not real liking for it. It has had been too often employed against me whereas humor is always an ally. Because it never points an 8. the 9. To 10. √ 11. his 12. But 13. its 14. always 15. a 16. another 17. no 18. had 19. Because 20. out 21. like 22. a 23. driver’s 24. the 25. √ 4 impertinent finger out into my defects. Humorous persons do not sit as explosives on a fuse. They are safe and easy comrades. But∧wit’s tongue is as sharp as a donkey driver stick. It may gallop∧faster for its prodding yet the touch behind is too persuasive for my comfort. Key to Exercise V for reference only 1. The rich businessman could never forget the day when he parted from his friends and relatives and came to Hong Kong in search of a job. 2. The couple was cheated of the joys of life by having too many children. 3. It is no use complaining we must do something to solve the problem. 4. I never spoke to that man still less insulted him.5. Despite the current trend of peace and development some western governments still cling to the practices of antagonism of the Cold War era。
英美文学选读英国部分第二章新古典主义时期
英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案英国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE) 第二章新古典主义时期（The Neoclassical Period）一、背景知识（Background knowledge）1、历史背景（Historical background）新古典主义时期的英国社会矛盾交织。
王室与议会、不同的教派之间、统治阶级与贫苦的劳动大众之间冲突不断，托利党与辉格党也为对议会和政府的控制而争斗不已。
概言之，那是一个充满了多种矛盾和多种价值观的时代。
18世纪的英国发展迅速，到世纪中叶，英国已成为世界上的头号资本主义强国。
随着经济的迅速发展，中产阶级也随之壮大了起来。
2、文化背景（Cultural background）（1）随着资本主义的发展，中产阶级的社会价值观和道德观占据了主宰地位。
中产阶级崇尚自制、自立和勤劳。
对他们而言，生活的意义就在于工作、节俭和积累财富。
（2）这一时期，启蒙运动在英国全面展开。
该运动的目的是用现代哲学和艺术观启迪社会。
启蒙主义者们宣扬理性、平等与科学，宣称理性是人类的一切思想和行动唯一的、终极的目标。
（3）启蒙者们相信当理性作为衡量一切人类行为和关系的标尺之时，一切迷信、压迫和不公正将让位于“终极真理”、“终极正义”和“终极平等”（4）启蒙者们鼓吹全民教育。
他们认为，大众受到教育才更有可能建成民主社会。
3、新古典主义文学的特征（Features of the neo-classic literature）（1）新古典主义文学奉古希腊、罗马的经典作品和当代法国作品为创作之圭臬。
（2）新古典主义作家自觉地追求均衡、统一与和谐表达的优雅，从而形成了雍容、雅致、诙谐、睿智的文风。
（3）这一时期的文学说教意味浓厚，成为流行一时的大众教育的手段。
（4）各种文学体裁均遵循某些固定的条律和规则。
（5）包括当时流行的模拟史诗、传奇、讽刺诗、讽刺短诗在内的各体诗歌结构工整，遣词雅致、语气庄严、注重说教。
英美文学选读答案
英美文学选读
1.The author of this poem is William Wordsworth.
T he poem talks about: For now, whenever he feels “Vacant” or “pensive”, the memory flashes upon “that inward eye/ that is the bliss of solitude”, and his heart fills with pleasure, “and dance with the daffodils”.
译文：每当我躺在床上不眠，或心神空茫，或默默沉思，它们常在心灵中闪现，那是孤独之中的福祉；于是我的心便涨满幸福，和水仙一同翩翩起舞。
2.The author of this poem is William Shakespeare.
T he poem talks about: The eternal summer will never fade, you never lose your beauty; the death is not allow you wander in his shade, you will grow with the eternal lines; So long as men can breathe, can see, so long it will live, and it will give life to you.
译文：但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，你永远不会失去你美的形相;
死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅，你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长；
只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见，我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。
《英美文学选读》英美文学选读模拟题二及答案.docx
英美文学选读模拟题二A.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. (20x1 points)()1. _________ is regarded as the pioneer of English drama.A.William ShakespeareB.Christopher Marlowe.C.Edmund SpenserD.John Donne()2. n She I compare thee to a summers day?” This is the beginning line of Shakespeare'sA.songsB.playsediesD.son nets()3. Thomas Gray f s masterpiece, __________ once and for all established his fame ass the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially "The Graveyard Schocd”.A.Ode on the SpringB.Ode on a Distant Prospect Of Eton CollegeC.Hymn to AdversityD.Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard()4. Which play is regarded ass the best English comedy since Shakespeare?A.She Stoops to ConquerB.The RivalsC.The School for ScandalD.The Conscious Lovers()5. The publication of f,_________ H marked the beginning of Romantic Age.A.Don JuanB.The Rime of the Ancient MarinerC.The Lyrical BalladsD.Queen Mab()6. As a new kind of ideology, _______ was widely accepted and practised in the later Victorian period.A.earnestnessB.utilitarianismC.respectabilityD.modesty()7. In his novels, Charles Dickens depicted a lot of child characters except _____________ .A.Oliver TwistB.Little NellC.Little DorritD.Charles Surface()8. ________ is acknowledged by many as the most original poet of the Victorian period.A.Robert BrowningB.Alfred TennysonC.George EliotD.John Keats()9. ________ is the last important novelist and poet of the 19th century.A.Thomas HardyB.George EliotC.Alfred TennysonD.Robert Browning()10. _______ does not belong to the post - modernism after the Second World War.A.Existentialist literatureB.Black HumorC.Heater of the AbsurdD.Stream of consciousness()11. In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence, the subject matter is ____________ ・A.the social turmoilB.the hypocrisy of the capitalismC.love and marriageD.human relati on ships()12. James Joyce's works are popular with the readers for in his writings Joyce uses the following kinds of expressing methods.A.sentimental romanceB.historical stylisticsC.in versionD.counterpoint()13. _______ f s f,Leaves of Grass11 established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century.A.Edger Allen PoeB.James Russel LowellC.John Greenleaf WhitterD.Walt Whitman()14. In his essays, Ralph Waldo Emerson put forward his philosophy except of __________ .A.religionB.the over - soulC.the importance of the in dividualD.nature()15. In the following statements, __________ is not true about the local colorism in American literary realism.A.Their writings are concerned with the life of a small, well - defined region or province.B.The characteristic selling is the isolated small town.C.Their materials were extensive or wide ・ ranging, and the topics were connective.D.Local colorists were consciously nostalgic historians of a vanishing way of life, recorders of a present that faded before their eyes.()16. H______ 蔦a novella about a young American girl who gets "killecT by the winter in Rome, brought James inter national fame for the first time.A.The AmericanB.Daisy MillerC.The EuropeansD.The Portrait of a Lady()17. In his f,_______ Dreiser f s focus shifted from the pathos of the helpless protagonists at the bottom of the society to the power of the American financial tycoons in the late 19th century.A.Sister CarrieB.An American TragedyC.The GeniusD.Trilogy of Desire()18・______ is not among those greatest figures in "The Lost Generation11 or modern American literature.A.Ezra PoundB.Robert FrostC.Walt WhitmanD.William Carlos Williams()19. Robert Frost recited 11_______ ” at President Kennedy f s inauguration.A.The road Not TakenB.Mending the WallC.The Gift OutrightD.Birches()20. Mark Twain^ best works were produced when he was in the prime of his life. All these masterworks drew upon ________ .A.the scenes and emotions of his boyhood and youthB.the hypocrisy of the capitalismC.the bleak view of human natureD.the miserable life of the lower - class poorplete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. ( 20x1 points)1 • In f,The Canterbury Tales1', Chaucer employed the _________ with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.2.Christopher Marlowe is the most gifted of the H_________ ”.3.The term H_________ H is commonly used to name the work of the 17th - century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.4.Spenser is generally regarded as the greatest non dramatic poet of the Elizabetha n age. His fame is chiefly based on his masterpiece ”___________ u.5.Swift is a master ______ , his satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful.6.From the middle part to the end of the 18th century, in English literature__________ flourished. They were mostly stories of mystery and horror which take place in some haunted or dilapidated middle age castles.7.As a leading romanticist, Byron's chief contribution is his creation of the ,f _________ ”，a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.8.________ is regarded as a ^worshipper of nature11.9.All of Charles Dickens f s later works, with the exception of f,______________ f,(1859), present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England.10.Bernard Shaw began his career as a dramatist in 1892, when his first play ”_________ f,(1892) was put on by the independent theater society.11.__________ was regarded as father of the American short stories.12.The way in which _______ wrote "The Scarlet Letter11 suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.13.The most important feature of Mark 7wain f s Ianguage is the use of vernacular, or ___________ .14.H _________ 11 is Browning^ best - known dramatic monlogue.15.Ezra PouncTs major work of poetry is the long poem called ___________ .16.Hemingway's H____________ H (1936) tells a brilliant short story about a martially wounded American writer who attempts to redeem his imagination from the corrosions of wealth and domestic strife.17.__________ stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and the contemporary American literature.18.Pound was the leader of a now movement in poetry which he called the ”________ 11 movement.19.M After Apple - Picking H is a well - known poem written by ____________ .20.George Eliot's greatest achievement is ,f __________ ,f.C.Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets・(10x1 points)()1 ・fl Dr. Faustus11 is a play based on the English Lege nd of a magician aspiring for knowledge and fin ally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.()2. Swift is a master satirist. His satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which ren ders his satire all the more powerful. His H A Modest Proposal11 is gen erally taken as a perfect model.()3. Shelley's greatest achievement is his four ・ act poetic drama, "Prometheus Unbound M. (1820)()4・ Though Naturalism seems to have played an important part in Hardy f s works, there is also bitter and sharp criticism and even open challenge as the irrational, hypocritical and unfair Victorian institutions, conventions and morals which strangle the individual will and destroy natural human emotions and relationships.()5. Hardy is the founder of the '"stream of consciousness11 school of novel writing.()6. American romanticism was in a way derivative; American romantic writing was some of them modeled on English and European works.()7. With the publication of "Daisy Miller11, Henry James1 reputation was firmly established on both sides of the Atlantic and Daisy Miller has ever since become the American girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the old world.()8. Altogether, Dickinson wrote 1775 poems of which most had appeared during her lifetime.()9. Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Thomas Hardy.()10. Transcendentalism exalted reason over feeling, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom. the author of the following literary works. (5x1 points)1.The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling2.A Journal of the Plague Year3.Ode on a Grecian Urn4.The Lake Isle of Innisfree5.There Was a Child Went ForthE.Define the literary terms listed below. (2x4 points)1.Dramatic Monologue2.SymbolismF.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it. ( 2x4 points)1.If l wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.112."The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough”.G.Give brief answers to the following questions. (3x5 points)1.What's the theme of "Jane Eyre"?2.What*s the theme of John Galsworthy's "The Man of Property*1?3.How did Walt Whitman make use of the poetic "I” in his works?H.Short essay questions. (2x7 points)I.Read the excerpt from chapter I of "Pride And Prejudice11 in our textbook, and answer the following questions.(1)What is this passage describing?(2)What f s the style of this passage?(3)Analyze the characters of the main roles of this passage: Mr. And Mrs. Bennet.附：答案全国高等教育白学考试模拟试卷(二)英美文学选读参考答案A.1.B2.D3.D4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.A10.D11.D12.C13.D14.A15.C16.B17.D18.C19.C20.AB.1 • heroic couplet2.University Wits3.metaphysical poetry4.The Faerie Queene5.satirist6.Gothic novels7.Byronic hero8.Wordsworth9.A Tale of Two Cities10.Widowers1 House11.Washington Irving12.Hawthorne13.Colloquialism14.My Last Duchess15.The Cantos16.The Snows of Kilimanjaro17.The First World War18.Imagist19.Robert Frost20.Middlemarchc.1.F2.T3.T4.T5.F6.T7.F8.F9.F10.FD.1 • Henry Fielding2.Daniel Defoe3.John Keats4.William Bulter Yeats5.Walt WhitmanE.1 • A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not giver in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker's life, and the dramatic monologue reveals the speaker's of a dramatic monologue is n My Last Duchess” by Robert Brow ning. In the poems in eluding n My Last Duchess11, Brow ning chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis, in which his characters are made to talk about their lives, and about their minds and hearts. In "listening” to those one - sided talks, readers can form their own opinions and judgements about the those one - sided personality and about what has really happened.2. Symbolism is the writing technique of using symbols. A symbol is something that conveys two kinds of meaning; it is simply itself, and it stands for something other than itself. In other words, a symbol is both literal and figurative. People, places, things and even events can be used symbolically.A symbol is a way of telling a story and a way of conveying meaning. The best symbols are those that are believable in the lives of the characters and also convincing as they convey a meaning beyond the literal level of the story. Hawthorne and Melville were the two masters of symbolism. For example, the scarlet letter ,f a lf on Hesters breast can give you symbolic meanings. If the symbol is obscure or ambiguous, then the very obscurity and the ambiguity may also be apt of the meaning of the story.F.1.The name of the author is William Wordsworth, and the title of the literary work is H l Wandered Lonely As a Cloud11.译文如下：我独自游荡，像一朵孤云高高地飞越峡谷和山巅，突然，我望见密密的一群，那是一大片金黄色水仙；它们在那湖边的树荫里，在阵阵微风中舞姿飘逸。
英美文学简史及名篇选读
Old ages (Angles-Saxons Period)●Period: 449AD Three tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes——1066 The Norman Conquest●Beowulf: the first English epic1. Three epics: (Beowulf; Paradise Lost; White Whale)2. Epic is a long narrative poem that records the adventure of a hero, whose exploits are important to the history of a nation.3. Features: alliteration; a lot of metaphors and understatementsMedieval ages:●Period: about1066——about1500●Three languages:1. French became official language used by the king and Norman lords.2. Latin was the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities.3. Old English was used only by common English people.●Romance: describes the adventure of a knight who devoted himself to the king, the church or the lord.Eg. the best of Arthurian romance: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight●Geoffrey Chaucer1. The father of English poetry2. The founder of English realism3. The forerunner of humanism4. The first writer to use current English language; use common English words;And be interred in the “Poets’ Corner” in Westminster Abbey.●The Canterbury Tales1. describes comprehensive realistic picture of English society of his time/ panorama(ordinary daily life)2. heroic couplets（英雄双韵体）: iambic pentameter(抑扬格五音步) which rhymes in pairs or couplets（双韵）●Scotland Ballad: a narrative poem written in four-line stanzas. Usually only the second and fourth lines rhyme.Eg. Get Up and Bar the Door by Robin HoodRenaissance (14-17.5): transition from medieval to modern worldItaly; literature(poetry and drama), painting, sculpture●Reasons:1. rediscovery of Roman and Greek culture2. discovery of geography and astrology3. religious reformation4. economic development●Reaching England slowly:1. separating from the Continent2. domestic unrest●Background1. The War of the Roses2. The Reformation3. The Enclosure Movement4. The Commercial Expansion●Two features1. literary spirit: humanism(keynote): human activities; Man is the measure of all things.2. literary form: classical literature especially drama: 5 acts and many scenes●Period(15.5——16——17.5)1. (beginning)Henry Ⅷ; (summit)Queen Elizabeth2. First period: imitation and assimilation(Petrarch)3. Second period: classical literature and Italy humanism●Status:1. Best representatives of humanist: William Shakespeare; Thomas More; Christopher Marlowe2. The most outstanding forms: poetry and poetic drama(William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson)3. The most famous dramatists: William Shakespeare; Christopher Marlowe; Ben Jonson●Trivial Figures:1. Wyatt introduced sonnet and Surrey introduced the blank verse to England.2. Francis Bacon: essayist; the founder of modern science; the founder of materialist philosophy; scientific method Advancement of Learning; New Instrument; Of Truth; Of Studies; Of Travel; Of Wisdom3. William Caxton: the first person to introduce printing4. Christopher Marlowe used the blank verse with mighty lines; “University Wits”;Tamburlaine the Great帖木儿大帝5. John Donne: metaphysical poetry6. Thomas More: Utopi a meaning “no place”7. Edmund Spenser: poet’s poet;Spenserian stanza: 8 lines of iambic pentameter and a concluding line of iambic hexameter; ABAB BCBC C The Fair QueenWilliam Shakespeare1. works: 37 plays, 2 long poems and 154 sonnets(126 friendships and 28 love)2. First period: different genresRomeo and Juliet3. Second period: comediesThe Merchant of Venice; Twelfth Night; A Midsummer Night’s Dream; As You Like It4. Third period: tragedies reflects social contradictions of the age(feudalism VS capitalism)Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth5. Fourth period: (Period of Romance)The Tempest; The Winter’s Tale6. Hamlet: soliloquy; blank verse(unrhymed iambic pentameter)7. sonnet: Italian sonnet and English sonnet(three quatrains and a couplet rhyming abab cdcd efef gg)The Seventeenth Century●Three events:Bourgeois revolution(civil war) between Charles Ⅷ and the parliamentOliver Cromwell built a commonwealthThe Restoration by Charles Ⅷ.●Two features:Two groups (Milton and Cavalier poets)+ Metaphysical poetLiterature in the Puritan Age expressed rage and sadness.●John Milton(Christian humanist)His creed: the freedom of manHis grand style: sublimity of thought and majesty of expressionHe has ambition to write an epic which English would “not willingly let die”.1. Lycidas2. (prose) Areopagitica《论出版自由》; A Defense of the English People3. Paradise Lost(Restoration in 1660); Paradise Regained(Christ); Samson Agonistes(Bible or Greek literature)●Paradise Lost: 12 books; from Old Testament-Genesis; blank verseThe theme is “Fall of Man”. It tells disobedience of men and the loss of Paradise with the prime cause Satan.His intention is to expose the way of Satan and to “justify the ways God to men”.He expresses implicitly the fundamental concerns of freedom and choice.●Paradise Regained: Man shall find grace.●Samson Agonistes: bring destruction upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.While his achievements in literature not only make him tower over all the other English writers of his time, but also exert a great influence on later ones.Trivial figures:1. John Donne: metaphysical poet; The Flea (conceit/metaphor); Songs and Sonnet2. John Bunyan: Christian allegory The Pilgrim’s Process-Vanity Fair3. John Dryden: critics An Essay of Dramatic PoesyThe Eighteenth Century: The Age of ReasonThis century is the most peaceful era in Great Britain.●Three reasons for the eighteenth century1. Glorious revolution helped the bourgeoisie come to power.2. Industrial revolution and fast-expanding colonization boosted the development of capitalism.3. The Enlightenment Movement focusing on reason flourished.●Three literature trends:●Other writers:1. Sheridan：The School of Scandal●Daniel Defoe: describing the enterprising capitalist society; one of the forerunner of English realistic novelRobinson Crusoe (optimistic enterprising spirit)●Jonathan Swift: a master of pamphlet and the greatest satiristNovels: Gulliver’s Travels; Battles of the books (a satire of two-party state system); A Tale of a Tub (a satire of church)Pamphlet: A Modest Proposal (attacking the English government exploiting and draining Ireland of wealth and resources);●Henry Fielding: “father of the English novel”; Chaucer “father of the English poetry”One of founders of the English realism;giving a comprehensive picture of the life of 18th century England, from country to cityJoseph Andrew; The Story of Tom Jones, a Foundling; Amelia;●Tomas Gray: one of the leading figures of Sentimentalism; one of “Graveyard Poets”Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardPre-romanticism is to resist rationality and restraint, to call for passion and romance, and to return to medieval literature.●William Blake: Pre-romantic poet and painter; He wrote his poems in a plain, simple, and direct way.His poems often imply romantic spirit, natural sentiment and individual originality.Two collections of short lyrics: Songs of Innocence (beautiful nature, innocent children and harmonious world); Songs of Experience (more mature and gloomier darker in the theme and the tone)The Marriage between Heaven and Hell; Milton;Prophecy: The French Revolution; America●Robert Burns: Pre-romantic Scottish poet; a poet of peasants and common peopleHe was greatly influenced by Scottish folk songs.Expressing the feelings and daily life of working people and the optimism and dignity of common people Theme: fresh romantic spirit of friendship and loveA Red Red Rose; Farewell to ScotlandEnglish Literature in Romantic Age (1798-1832)●Duration: the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s joint work Lyric Ballads-the death of Walt Scott.●Reasons:1. Industrial Revolution and Enclosure Movement2. French Revolution and American Revolution●Features:1. As a violent struggle against the Enlightenment, romanticism focused on passion, individual and inner life.Romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of working class who were discontented with and opposed to the development of capitalism.Working class hailed the doctrine of “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity”.●Key poets and two novelists of Romantic movement:Novelists: Walt Scott (historical novelist) and Jane Austin (realistic female novelist)●William Wordsworth: “Laureate Poet”; poet of natureExperience: roaming in free area→touring in Europe and witnessing the French revolution→full of sympathy for the lives of common peopleLyric Ballads; Lucy Poems; in Two V olumes; The Excursion; The Prelude;She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud; The Solitary Reaper●George Gordon Lord Byron: “Byronic Heroes” who are man with fiery passion and unbending willHours of Idleness; Don Juan; Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage; The Age of Bronze；She Walks in BeautyPercy Bysshe Shelly: a master of poetry and politics; the first poet who sang for working class in Europe “Mad Shelly” for his sensitive nature and crazy rebellion against injusticeHis work reflected radical ideas and revolutionary optimism.A pamphlet against religion: The Necessity of Atheism;Odes: Ode to the Skylark; Ode to the West Wind (political lyrics with five stanzas of iambic pentameter) Four-act poetic drama: Prometheus UnboundA great theory of poetry: A Defense of PoetryPoems: Song to the Men of England; Queen Mab●John Keats: a poet of “pure poetry”; “art for art’s sake”; poems with sensual imaginary; surgeon→poetOde to a Nightingale; Ode to Melancholy; Ode to a Grecian Urn; To Autumn; Ode to PsycheThe Eve of St. Agnes●Walt Scott: Scottish historical novelist; the founder and master of the historical novel; lawyer→novelistTo combine historical fact with romantic imagination: Waverley; Ivanhoe●Jane Austen: the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle-class peopleShe explored the independence of woman on marriage and brought the novel of family life to its highest point of perfection.Pride and Prejudice(Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy); Sense and Sensibility;English Literature of Modernization (WWⅠ and WWⅠ)●Features:1. The sun-never-set empire collapsed.2. There were various philosophical ideas:Marx and Engels’s theory of scientific socialismDarwin’s theory of evolutionEinstein’s theory of relativityFreud’s analytical psychology3. Irrational philosophy (非理性哲学) against realism: Arthur Schopenhauer→Nietzsche→Henry Bergson4. Modernism rose out of skepticism (Victorian values) and disillusion of capitalism (to explore).●George Bernard Shaw: great playwright secondary to Shakespeare; critic and polemicist (清朝)Fabian society; socialism; against “arts for arts’ sake” and for reflecting human lifeCashel Baryon’s Profession (novel);Early drama: Widowers’ Houses (unfair landlordism); Mrs. Warren’s Profession (prostitude; economic oppression of woman);Middle drama: The Doctor’s Dilemma: ignorance, incompetence, arrogance and bigotry of the medical profession Major Barbara; Pygmalion 卖花女; Saint Joan 圣女贞德（a satire of the rigid British social hierarchy and a commentary of woman independence）Later drama: Too True to be Good(难以置信);●John Galsworthy● James Joyce: Irish writerDubliners （a collection of short stories which reflect three aspects of life in politics, culture and religion ）； Ulysses (parodying the episodes of Homer’s Odyssey)Three exponents of the stream -of –consciousness: James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and Faulkner. ● Virginia Woolf : the central figure of Bloomsbury Group; forerunner of feminismThe Mark on the Wall （first ）; Mrs. Dalloway 达洛维夫人; To the Lighthouse 到灯塔去; A Room of one’s Own; The Waves (the climax of Virginia Woolf’s experiments through the novel form of stream of consciousness) ● D. H. Lawrence: a controversial figure because his frank treatment of sexThe Rainbow; Women in Love (Ursula and Birkin; Gudrun and Gerald); Lady Chatterley’s Lover (noblewoman’s love affair with a servant)William Butler Yeats: 叶芝 first writer to win the Noble Prize in Literature in Ireland When You Are Old (to Maud Gonne)three trilogiesfirst trilogyThe forstye SagaThe Man of Property 财主The Chancery 骑虎难下To let 出租second trilogyModern ComedyThe White MonkeyThe Sliver Spoon Swan Song third trilogyEnd of the ChapterMaid in WaitingThe Flowering Wilderness Over the riverEnglish Literature of Realization (Victorian Age 1832-1902Queen Victorian: 1837-1902;This period is the remarkable in the development of the country, marked by a great expansion of British Empire. 1832: the death of Walter Scott; The Reform ActSocial problems:1. the political power passed into hands of middle-class industrial capitalists2. the problem of women influenced by Industrial Revolution3. contradiction between the rich and the poor4. the conflicts between capital and labor5. the widespread unemployment6. the severe depression7. the system of workhouseEnglish critical realism: to describe traits of English society and criticize the capitalism from a democratic view Main figures: Charles Dickens; William Makepeace Thackeray; Charlotte Bronte; Mrs. Gaskell; George Eliot; Tomas HardyCharles Dickens: the greatest novelist in Victorian Age; the greatest representative of English critical realism First period (naïve optimism): Sketches by Boz博兹札记; Pickwick Papers; Oliver Twist; The Old Curiosity Shop Second period (A travel to America; hopelessness to democracy): David Copperfield; A Christmas CarolLast period (intensifying pessimism): Bleak House; Hard Times; A Tale of two Cities (London and Pairs); Great ExpectationBronte sisters:Charlotte Bronte; Emily Bronte; Ann BronteJane Eyre; Wuthering Heights; Agnes GreyTomas Hardy: semi-fictional region of Wessex; theme is the futility of man’s effort to struggle against cruel fate Tess of the d’Urbervilles (fatalism)Browning:Robert Browning; Mrs. BrowningMy Last Duchess; How do I Love Thee?Other writer:1. Mrs. Gaskell: The Life of Charlotte Bronte2. George Eliot: pseudonym of Mary Ann Events; Middlemarch3. Lewis Carroll: a university teacher in Oxford; Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland; Through the Looking-glass4. Robert Lewis Stevenson: travel a lot due to his weak lungs; Treasure Island5. Oscar Wilde: The Importance of Being Earnest 不可儿戏6. William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair (a satirical novel with title from Bunyan)7. Alfred Lord Tennyson: The EagleAmerican Literature of Romanticism (1820-1860) The American Renaissance●New England Transcendentalism: Emerson and Thoreaudivinity; individual’s intuition; feeling over reason●Washington Irving: father of American short story; comic fablesThe Sketch Book: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow; Rip V an Wrinkle; Life of George Washington●Nathaniel Hawthorne: Psychological fictions; symbolism; Calvinistic beliefThe Scarlet Letter; The Minister’s Black Veil; The Birthmark; Young Goodman Brown; The House of Seven Gables ●Edgar Allan Poe: father of detective stories; Gothic tales (horror and mystery); poetry for beauty: To Helen●Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: the most beloved American poet; great versatility;A Psalm of Life (the first American poem introduced to China); I Shot an Arrow (friendship)●Walt Whitman: the most influential poet in America; free verseLeaves of Grass: Democratic Bible/ National Epic; Drum Taps; O Captain! My Captain! To the StatesWhen Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d: Air his sorrow about the death of LincolnThere was a Child Went Forth: himself and AmericaCavalry Crossing a Ford: Civil WarSong of Myself: belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value●Harriet Beecher Stowe: abolitionistAnti-slavery novel: Uncle Tom’s Cabin●Other writers:1. James Fenimore Cooper: frontier adventuresLeatherstocking Tales: The Pioneers; The Last of Mohicans; The Prairie; The Path Finder; The Deerslayer2. Emerson: Nature;3. Thoreau: Walden (Nature is divine, and human can communicate with it by way of pure senses.)4. Rebecca Harding Davis: social realism4. Herman Melville: Moby-Dick; TypeeAmerican Literature of Realism (1860-1914 ) Civil War-WWⅠ●Three reasons for the coming of American Realism:1. The Civil War overturned the moral value of American, and people began to question the human nature and thebenevolence of God.2. After the Civil War, industrialization and mechanization flourished, giving rise to the affluent mid-class.3. The gap between poverty and wealth expanded.●Three characteristics of American Realism:1. Realists focused on the straightforward and objective description of real life2. Realists were interested in commonplace and depicted people from all social levels.3. American realism approached the harsh realities by experience.●Naturalism: Darwin’s evolutionary theory+ French novelist Emile ZolaTheodore Dreiser; Stephen Crane: A Red Badge of Courage;Jack London: Martin EdenKate Chopin: the forerunner of feminist authors; The Awakening●Three novelists: Mark Twain (lower class); Howells (middle class); Henry James (upper class)●Mark Twain(Samuel Langhorne Clemens):vernacular(colloquial); local colorist; father of American literature(William Faulkner);His writing features are strong local colors, colloquial speech and witty remarks.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County; The Innocents Abroad; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; Life on Mississippi;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Huck and Jim looked for freedom; Hemingway: all modern American literature comes);The Gilded Age (Charles Warner; post-Civil War)●Henry James: the forerunner of “stream of consciousness”;the founder of psychological realismdescribe inner world by his psychological approach; international theme; cosmopolitan novelist; literary essayist First period: The American; Daisy Miller; The Portrait of a Lady; The Europeans;Second period: The Turn of a ScrewThird period: What Maisie Knows; The Golden Bowl; The Wings of the Dove; The AmbassadorsLiterary criticism: The Art of Fiction (The novel aims to present the life.)●Emily Dickinson(——): great poet with 1775 poemsTheme: love, religion, death and immortality in physical, psychological and emotional termsnature (more than 500)：Nature’ inscrutability(不可预测) and indifference to human beingsSuccess; I’m Nobody; I Died for Beauty;I Like to See it Lap the Miles (Train is the part of nature like an animal.)I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died(the moment of death)This is my Letter to the World (her anxiety about her communication with the outside world)Because I Could Not Stop for Death (personification of Death and Immortality)Her poems are usually based on her experiences, her sorrows and joys.●Theodore Dreiser:Naturalism: Darwin’s idea; The world is like a juggle; Man is a “victim of forces over which he has no control”.Sister Carrie; An American Tragedy: real criminal cases; “Trilogy of Desire”: Financier; The Titan; The Stoic●Robert Frost: living in New England; Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for four times; Congressional Gold MedalA link between the 19-century American literature and Modernism with traditional form and modern themeHis work is distinguished by its simple style, colloquial speech and metaphorical images.A Boy’s Will (the development of a boy from egoism to maturity full of characteristics of New England)North of Boston “a book of people in New England”New Hampshire-Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (continue to proceed after having a break)The Road Not Taken (Different way of life)After Apple Picking (a sense of completeness yet hopelessness)American Literature of Modernism (1914-1915) WWⅠ - WWⅠ●Reasons for modernism:1. Two wars cost many lives and destructed much property.2. Philosophical ideas such as Einstein’s theory of relativity and Freud’s analytical psychology flourished.3. The establishment of Nobel Prize in literature has promoted the development of literature.●Feature for modernism: to express disillusionment with tradition and interest in new technologies and visions●Feature of the Lost Generation: to express their loss, despair and disillusionment●Figures of the Lost Generation: Ernest Hemingway and Fitzgerald●Ezra Pound: imagism (A visual image and concrete instances can be poetic and abstract.)Confucius; Shih-Ching; In a Station of the Metro● E. E. Comings: an avant-garde poet with typographical style (scattered words); mimic Ezra Pound’s imagismIn Just-●Wallace Stevens: gifted nonprofessional poet; power of imagination and description of concrete objects Anecdote of the Jar: jar (imagination and creation); hill (bewildering and chaotic world)●Williams Carlos Williams: variable foot; meter(格律：stressed) and lineation (分行：line breaks and stanzas) The Red Wheelbarrow●William Faulkner: composite stream of consciousness(free form); Southern Renaissance-The fugitive Yoknapakawpha county;The Sound and the Fury(four characters; no capitalization and punctuation); A Rose for Emily;●T. S. Eliot: an innovative poet, playwright and criticPoems using a lot of mythology, allusion, symbolism and disconnected images;New Criticism focusing on regarding work as an independent of both author and reader;Poems: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock; The Waste Land (disillusionment of spirit of the former generation); The Hollow Men; For Quartets Play: Murder in Cathedral●Ernest Hemingway: Lost generation(disillusioned and confused); iceberg theoryEconomical and understated(terse) writing styleCoded heroes have “grace under pressure” and “despairing courage”.A Farewell to Arms; Green Hills of Africa; The Snows of Kilimanjaro; For Whom the Bell Tolls;A Clean, well-Lighted Place (nihilism and existentialism)● F. Scott. Fitzgerald: chronicler of the Jazz Age of America(1918-1929 Roaring Twenties); Lost GenerationStyle: satire and criticism of the worship of hedonism and moneyThe Great Gatsby: aspiration and desire, innocence and hypocrisy, idealism and decadence(堕落), illusion and disillusionTender is the Night；The Side of Paradise●Eugene O’Nell: one of the greatest playwright in America; the first dramatist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature The Hairy Ape: dehumanization (非人性化) and oppression of capitalism, disillusion and loss of the working class The Emperor Jones●Other writers:1. Sinclair Lewis: novelist; the first American to win the Nobel Prize in LiteratureMain Street: criticism of capitalism and materialism after World War ⅧBabbitt: (babbittry: narrow-minded, complacent and bourgeois )2. Pearl S. Buck: an American having lived in China; the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in LiteratureGood Earth: peasant life of China3. Gertrude stein: hosting a Pairs Salon for famous writers4.Margaret Mitchell：Gone with the Windngston Hughes: Harlem Renaissance 哈莱姆(New Negro Movement); the earliest innovator of Jazz poetry Dream（Martin Luther King-I Have a Dream）6. Richard Wright:a black writer focusing on racism; The Native Son6. John Steinbeck: plight of working class and migrant workers in rural areas in Great DepressionThe Grapes of Wrath: economic and social plight of farmers; Of Mice and Men。
【答案】英国文学史及选读unite6课后习题答案.docx.pdf
Unit sixThe Age of Enlightenment1.Daniel Defoe describes Robinson Crusoe__ as a typical English middle-class manof the 18th century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.2.__Robert Burns___ is undoubtedly the greatest poet Scotland has ever produced.His “ Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect“ is of great significance.3._Jonathan swift__ was the most remarkable satirist in the 18th century whocriticized the new bourgeois-aristocratic society of his age without mercy, his most important representative work is _Gulliver's Travels____.4.As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce_A_ to England.A. rationalismB. criticismC. romanticismD. realism5.The _ Enlightenment _ was a progressive intellectual movement throughoutwestern Europe in the 18th Century.6.The main literary steam of the 18th century was _neo-classicism__. What thewriters described were mainly social realities.7.In the first part of Gulliver’s Travels, Gulliver told his experience in _A___ .A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. HouyhnhnmD. England8.In the novel , Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the _C___.A. artistocratic classB. enterprising landlordsC. rising bourgeoisieD. hard-working people9.“Now fades the glimmering landscape on the fight, and all the air a solemnstillness holds, save where the beetle wheels his droning flight. And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds ;”10.The stanza are taken from__A. Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardB. Paradise LostC. HamletD. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love11.Thomas Gray has been regarded as the leader of the _B__ of the day.A. romantic poetryB. sentimental poetryC. religious poetryD. modern poetry12.In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival ofinterest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as _B__.A. ClassicismB. NeoclassicismC. RomanticismD. Pre-Romanticism13.Fielding started “ the third-person narration”, which enables the author to presentas the ___ not only the characters’ external behaviors but also the internal workings of their minds.A. truthful observerB. all-knowing GodC. Intimate particularD. scrutinizing critic14.Which of the following phrased cannot be used to describe the features of Gray’spoetry.A. Highly artificial in dictionB. Distorted in word orderC. Calculated in rhythm.D. Lighted-hearted in tone.15.The following on Daniel Defoe are true except _C__.A. Robinson Crusoe is his first novelB. Robinson Crusoe is universally considered his masterpieceC. he was a member of the upper classD. in his novels, his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor is shown。
《英美文学选读》习题与答案
《英美文学选读》（课程代码：00604）I.The following passage is an extract from Letter to Lord Chesterfield by Samuel Johnson, the leading figure of British neoclassicists. In 1747, when Samuel Johnson, began his Dictionary of the English language, Lord Chesterfield had at first indicated that he could be his patron, but when Johnson came to him for concrete help, Lord Chesterfield neglected him to the point of ignoring him; Johnson was insulted and furious. In 1775 when the Dictionary was published and acclaimed, Chesterfield openly recommended, hoping to get some credit for it as Johnson’s patron. Samuel Johnson wrote as reply his famous Letter to Lord Chesterfield in which he vented his feeling of hurt pride. Read it carefully, paying special attention to the rhetorical devices used, and answer the question. (20 points)①Is not patron, my lord, one who looked with unconcernupon man struggling for a life in the water, and when he hadreached to the safety of ground, encumbered him with help?②The notice you have taken of my Labour, had it beenearly, had been kind, but it had been delayed till I amindifferent, and can’t enjoy it; till I am solitary, and can’timpart it; till I am known, and do not want it. ③I hope thatit is no very asperity not to confess obligation where nobenefit have been received, or to be unwilling that thePublic should consider me as owing that to a patron, whichProvidence had enabled me to do for myself.Question:⑴what syntactic devices the author used in sentence ? And whatare their stylistic functions? (10 points)⑵point out the figure of speech used in sentences①and ③. (10 points)II. The following critical paper is about George Bernard Shaw’s famous drama “Pygmalion”. Read it carefully and answer the questions set on it. (20 points) 1 What we discover in Pygmalion is that phonetics and correct pronunciation are systems of markers superficial in themselves but endowed with tremendous social significance. Eliza's education in the ways that the English upper classes act and speak provides an opportunity for the playwright to explore the very foundations of social equality and inequality. Higgins himself observes that pronunciation is the deepest gulf that separates class from class and soul from soul. Playwright and character differ, however, in that instead of criticizing the existence of this gulf, Higgins accepts it as natural and uses his skills to help those who can afford his services (or are taken in as experiments, like Liza) to bridge it.2“At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learnto appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “an impression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.”3 Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment.At first, Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly returnto flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to makeher new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?”She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Wheream I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” Berst wrote that while Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved intothe wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnighthas tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Lizamust break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapableof recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well withinhis character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, fromhis first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social oreven individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing anddisgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. Question 1: Explain what is Liza’s Double Transformation?(10 points)Question 2: What makes Liza feel she is in an embarrassing situation when she is transformed into a lady in speechand appearance? (10 points)III.The following critical essay is about Thomas Hardy’s most well-known tragic novel “Tess of d’Urbervilles”. Peruse it and then answer the questions set on it (30 points)The social background of Tess of d’Urbervilles was in a time of difficult social upheaval, when England was making its slow, painful transition from an old-fashioned, agricultural nation to amodern, industrial one. Businessmen and entrepreneurs, or “new money,” joined the ranks of the social elite, as some families of the ancient aristocracy, or “old money,” faded into obscurit y. Tess’s family in Tess of the d’Urbervilles illustrates this change, as Tess’s parents, the Durbeyfields, lose themselves in the fantasy of belonging to an ancient and aristocratic family, the d’Urbervilles.Hardy’s novel strongly suggests that such a f amily history is not only meaningless but also utterly undesirable. Hardy’s views on the subject were appalling to conservative and status-conscious British readers and Tess of the d’Urberville s was met in England with widespread controversy. Beyond her social symbolism, Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.Angel represents a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodness A freethinking son born into the family of a provincial parson and determined to set himself up as a farmer instead of going to Cambridge like his conformist brothers,. He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,” as he tells his father in Chapter XVIII, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical young nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and improved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. His love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his disdain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charisma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays. As his name—in French, close to “Bright Angel”—suggests, Angel is not quite of this world, but floats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. The narrator says that Angel shines rather than burns and that he is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron.His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s easygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after hisfailure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life.Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of “fallen humanity”?(15 points)Question 2: Why Tess converted the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in terms of her own tragedy? (15 points)IV.The following paragraphs are taken from chapter VIII ofbook IV in Gulliver’s Travels. This section pictures an ideal rational existence, the Houyhnhnms kingdom whose life is governed by sense and moderation of which philosopherssince Plato have long dreamed. Read them and answer thefollowing questions. (30 points)1Courtship, love, presents, jointures, settlements haveno place in their thoughts, or terms whereby to expressthem in their language. The young couple meet,and are joined, merely because it is the determinationof their parents and friends; it is what they see doneevery day, and they look upon it as one of the necessaryactions of a reasonable being.2 But the violation of marriage, or any other unchastity,was never heard of; and the married pair pass their liveswith the same friendship and mutual benevolence, thatthey bear to all others of the same species who come intheir way, without jealousy, fondness, quarrelling, ordiscontent. When the matron Houyhnhnms have produced one of each sex, they no longer accompany with their consorts, except they lose one of their issue by some casualty, which very seldom happens; but in such a case they meet again; or when the like accident befalls a person whose wife is past bearing, some other couple bestow on him one of their own colts, and then go together again until the mother is pregnant. This caution is necessary, to prevent the country from being overburdened with numbers. But the race of inferior Houyhnhnms, bred up to be servants, is not so strictly limited upon this article: these are allowed to produce three of each sex, to be domestics in the noble families3 Every fourth year, at the vernal equinox, there is arepresentative council of the whole nation, which meets in a plain about twenty miles from our house, and continues about five or six days. Here they inquire into the state and condition of the several districts; whether they abound or be deficient in hay or oats, or cows, or Yahoos; and wherever there is any want (which is but seldom) it is immediately supplied by unanimous consent and contribution. Here likewise the regulation of children is settled: as for instance, ifa Houyhnhnm has two males, he changes one of them withanother that has two females; and when a child has been lost by any casualty, where the mother is past breeding, it is determined what family in the district shall breed another to supply the loss.Question1.The satire in this work is seen entirely in a discrepancybetween Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. (15points)Question2. In what ways does the author satirize the rationalism ofHouyhnhnms society, for example, the rational idea onmarriage, and the family-planning? (15 points)《英美文学选读》试卷参考答案I. 【20分】Answer:The author used repetition and parallelism to make this satirical prose daintier and more repugnant in tone. This piece of prose is typical of neoclassical prose which set great store by elegance of the language which was achieved by way of rhetorical richness. 【10分】The author used sarcasm in these two sentences to openly deny Lord Chesterfield’s patronage and attack his insolent and blatant behavior. The sarcasm made in a circumlocutious way renders this satirical prose more taunting and bitter. 【10分】II【20分】Question 1: What is Liza’s Double Transformation?Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. “At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learn to appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “animpression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.” Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment. 【10分】Question 2:What is Liza’s Predicament?Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly return to flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to make her new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?” She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” While Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved into the wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnight has tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Liza must break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapable of recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well within his character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, from his first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social or even individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. 【10分】III.【30分】Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of fallen humanity?Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves. 【15分】Question 2: Discuss why Tess changes the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in a tragic way?Angel is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron. His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’sideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s eas ygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after his failure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life. 【15分】IV【30分】Question1. This work is called a satire which is seen entirely in a discrepancy between Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. 【15分】There are echoes of Plato’s Republic in the Houyhnhnms’rejection of light entertainment and vain displays of luxury, their appeal to reason rather than any holy writings as the criterion for proper action, and their communal approach to family planning.The Gulliver’s Travels is a book of subtle satire. The satire comes mainly from the discrepancy between Gulliver who is fitted out as the archetypal man of the enlightenment movement, susceptible to rationalism of 18th century. Swift on the other hand is very critical of his time, especially its rational thinking. Whereas Gulliver takes Houyhnhnm society as ideal utopia one, the author finds its rationality totally intolerable.Question2.In what ways does the author satirize the rational Houyhnhnms society, for example, the rational ideal on marriage, and the family-planning? 【15分】Paragons of virtue and rationality, the horses are also dull, simple, and lifeless. Their language is impoverished, their mating loveless, and their understanding of the complex play of social forces naïve. What is missing in the horses is exactly that which makes human life rich: the complicated interplay of selfishness, altruism, love, hate, and all other emotions. In other words, the Houyhnhnms’ society is perfect for Houyhnhnms, but it is hopeless for humans. Houyhnhnm society is, in stark contrast to the societies of the first three voyages, devoid of all that is human.But we may be less ready than Gulliver to take the Houyhnhnms as ideals of human existence. They have no names in the narrative nor any need for names, since they are virtually interchangeable, with little individual identity. Their lives seem harmonious and happy, although quite lacking in vigor, challenge, and excitement. Indeed, this apparent ease may be why Swift chooses to makethem horses rather than human types like every other group in the novel. He may be hinting, to those more insightful than Gulliver, that the Houyhnhnms should not be considered human ideals at all. In any case, they symbolize a standard of rational existence to be either espoused or rejected by both Gulliver and us.。
英美文学简史及名篇选读
英美文学简史及名篇选读英美文学简史及名篇选读英美文学历史悠久，兼收并蓄，蕴含着丰富的文化底蕴和独特的文学风格。
本文将从文学发展、主要作家及其代表作，以及作品内容等方面，介绍英美文学的发展史和一些著名的文学代表作品。
一、英美文学的发展英美文学的历史可以追溯到古代，但是现代英美文学发展以文艺复兴时期开始，并在18世纪达到顶峰。
19世纪和20世纪，英美文学经历了象征主义、现代主义和后现代主义等派别的影响，作家的风格也日渐多样化。
二、英美文学的主要作家及其代表作1.威廉·莎士比亚威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最著名的作家之一，他的作品包括诸如《麦克白》、《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等经典作品，在当时非常受欢迎。
2.詹姆斯·乔伊斯詹姆斯·乔伊斯是20世纪最具代表性的小说家之一，其作品以《尤利西斯》和《都柏林人》最为知名，他以流露出来的内心世界和音乐般的语言呈现了人性和命运。
3.欧内斯特·海明威欧内斯特·海明威是20世纪最著名的小说家之一，他的作品以《老人与海》和《太阳照常升起》最为著名。
他以简练而概括的语言，描绘出战争和人性的无边悲剧。
他的作品经常强调男子汉的美德和荣誉感，深受广大男性读者的喜爱。
4.弗朗西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德弗朗西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德是20世纪最著名的小说家之一，他的代表作品有《了不起的盖茨比》、《钻石大亨》等。
他的作品描绘了20世纪初美国精神和道德的沉沦，抨击了金钱至上的社会价值观。
5.托马斯·品钦托马斯·品钦是20世纪最具代表性的诗人之一，他创作的诗歌以《地狱直到最后一分钟》尤为著名，其风格多以梦幻、神秘和超自然的元素为主。
三、英美文学的代表作1.《为食神授》——乔纳森·斯威夫这是一部富有讽刺意味的小说，反映了社会弊病和人性的扭曲，同时又通过讽刺和幽默的手法进行了批判。
英美文学简明教程第三版课后题答案
英美文学简明教程第三版课后题答案1、下列关于名著的表述，不正确的一项是；( ) [单选题] *A.凤姐发现贾琏偷娶尤二姐，待贾琏外出办事，把尤二姐骗到家中，百般羞辱二姐，后又利用贾琏新妾秋桐羞辱折磨尤二姐，最后逼得尤二姐吞金自杀。
（《红楼梦》）B.黛玉夜访怡红院，敲门时，正好晴雯正在气头上，得知是黛玉后，借故说都睡下了，不给黛玉开门。
黛玉气得哭了半夜，次日见了宝玉也不理睬。
（《红楼梦》）(正确答案)C.史湘云规劝宝玉要留心“仕途经济”，宝玉听了后，说了些“若黛玉也说这些混账话，我早和她生分了”之类的话，恰黛玉听见，很是宽慰。
（《红楼梦》）D.经常有两个贵妇来伏盖公寓找高老头，大家以为他有艳遇，高老头告诉大家，那是他的女儿：大女儿雷斯多伯爵夫人和二女儿纽沁根太太。
（《高老头》）2、1《清塘荷韵》中，作者季羡林想说明的人生哲理是：天地萌生万物，对包括人在内的动、植物等有生命的东西，总是赋予一种极其惊人的求生存的力量和极其惊人的扩展蔓延的力量，这种力量大到无法抵御。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)3、1叶子底下是（）的流水，遮住了，不能见一些颜色。
（朱自清《荷塘月色》）括号内应填“脉脉”。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)4、1《诗经》分为风、雅、颂三类，普遍运用赋、比、兴的手法，语言以四言为主，其中不少篇章采用重章叠句的艺术形式。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错5、1“都门帐饮无绪，留恋处，兰舟催发”的下一句是“执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎。
”[判断题] *对(正确答案)错6、国粹（cuì）冷炙（zhì）包庇（bì）玄虚（xuán）此组词语中加着重号的字的注音全都正确。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错7、1“青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于水”此句与原文一致。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)8、成语完形：星（）如雨[单选题] *陨(正确答案)空宇星9、1推销员、维修人员初次上门推销或提供服务时，除了自报单位、身份外，还要出示相关证件，以赢得客户的信任。
欧美文学名篇选读参考答案
作者作品搭配Geoffrey Chaucer 杰佛里.乔叟1.The Canterbury Tales <坎特伯雷故事集>2.The Book of the Duchess<公爵夫人之书>3.Troilus and Criseyde <特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达>4.The Legend of Good Women <贞洁妇女的传说>5.The House of Fame <名誉之屋>6.The Parliament of Fowls 《百鸟议会》7.Romance of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚1. A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦2.The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人3.As You Like It 皆大欢喜4.Twelfth Night 第十二夜5.Hamlet 哈姆雷特6.Othello 奥赛罗7.King Lear 李尔王8.Macbeth 麦克白9.Venus and Adonis 维纳斯和阿多尼斯10.The Rape of Lucrece 鲁克丽丝受辱记Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根1.Advancement of Learning 学术的进展2.Novum Organum 新工具3.The New Atlantic 新大西洋岛4.Essays 随笔Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福1.Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记2.Caption Singleton 辛格顿船长3.Moll Flanders 莫尔.佛兰德斯4. A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年日记William Blake 威廉.布莱克1.The Chimney Sweeper 扫烟囱的孩子2.Song of Innocence 天真之歌3.Song of Experience 经验之歌4.Poetical Sketches 素描诗集5.The French Revolution 法国革命6.The Marriage of Heaven Hell 天堂与地狱的婚姻7.America:A Prophecy 美国ton 弥尔顿Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯1. A Red, Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰2.Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集3.The Tree of Liberty 自由树4.Scots Wha Hae 苏格兰人5.The Two Dogs 两只狗6.Holy Willie’s Prayer 威利长老的祈祷7.My Heart’s in the highlands 我的心呀在高原8.John Anderson, My Jo 约翰.安徒生9. A Man’s a Man for All That 不管那些William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯1.She Dwelt Among the Untroddrn Ways《Lucy Poems》露茜组诗2.The Solitary Reaper 刈麦女3.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我好似一朵流云独自漫游4.Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集5.An Evening Walk 黄昏漫步6.The Excurison 远足7.The Prelude 序曲George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登.拜伦1.She Walks in Beauty2.Oriental Tales 东方叙事诗3.Don Juan 唐璜4.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰尔德.哈罗德游记5.The Prisoner of Chillon 锡雍的囚徒6.Manfred 曼弗雷德7.Cain 该隐8.The Vision of Judgment 审判的幻境9.The Age of Bronze 青铜世纪Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.爱伦.坡1.To Helen 致海伦2.The Raven 乌鸦3.Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔.李4.The Bells 钟声5.The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古宅的倒塌Walt Whitman 瓦尔特.惠特曼1.O Caption！My Caption！A，船长！我的船长！Emily Dickinson 埃米莉.狄更生1.I Died for Beauty 为美而死2.Success 成功3.I’m Nobody 我是小人物Jane Austen 简.奥斯丁1.Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见2.Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感3.Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德公园4.Emma 爱玛5.Northanger Abbey 诺森觉寺6.Persuasion 劝导Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂.勃朗特1.Jane Eyre 简.爱2.Shirley 雪莉3.The Professor 教授4.Villette 维莱特Washington Irving 华盛顿.欧文1.Rip Van Winkle 瑞普.凡.温克尔2.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷传奇3. A History of New YorkNathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔.霍桑1.The Scarlet Letter 红字2.Mosses from an Old Manse 古宅青苔3.The House of the Seven Gables 七个尖角阁的房子4.The Marble Faun 大理石雕像5.The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇William Butler Yeats 威廉.巴特勒.叶芝1.The Second Coming 第二次圣临2.The Lake Isle of Innisfree 茵尼斯弗利岛3.When You Are Old 当你老了4.Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭5.The Winding Stair 盘旋的楼梯William Faulkner 威廉.福克纳1. A Rose For Emily 献给埃米莉的玫瑰2.The Sound and the Fury 喧嚣与骚动3.As I Lay Dying 在我弥留之际4.Light in August 八月之光5.Absalom，Absalom！押沙龙,押沙龙诗歌翻译和赏析Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.译文我怎么能够将你比作夏天?你比夏天更美丽温婉。
齐鲁师范英语本科--英美文学简史及选读(一)试题及答案
英美文学简史及选读(一) 答案I.Define the following literary terms (20%)1. Humanism is the key note of Renaissance and the intellectual liberation movement. The humanists began to criticizing and evaluating the Latin and Greek authors in the light of what they believed to be the Roman and Greek standards of civilization. They took interest in human life and human activities and gave expression to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty. They began to pay much attention to human existence and human beings’ happiness instead of always focusing on God.Thomas More is a great humanist in the Renaissance period.2. Romance: The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England.----long composition----central character: a knight----three major themes: the matter of Britain; the matter of France; the matter of Rome The legend of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round TableSir Gawain and the Green Knight--two features:○1The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized○2upper class literature, tales of the noble to entertain the noble3. Sonnet: It is a lyric poem of 14 lines usually one line containing 10 syllables and the 14 lines have a formal rhyme scheme, expressing different aspects of a single thought, mood, or feeling, sometimes resolved or summed up in the last lines of the poem.Italian sonnetSpenserian sonnetShakespearian Sonnet: The rhyme scheme of Shakespearean sonnet is a b a b, c d c d,e f e f, g g.4. Puritanismkey words: Calvin, purify, hard work, thrift, predestination, salvation, sin, God, from England to America, immigration, etc.5. Ode: a long and elaborate lyric poem. It is usually written in a dignified, elevate style in exalted language. It is often written to praise someone or sth. as to mark a special occasion.This kind of poetic form is often took up by many romantic poets, such as P. B. Shelley: Ode to the West Wind and the famous 6 odes in 1819: Ode to Psyche, Ode to Melancholy, Ode on a Grecian Urn, To Autumn, Ode to a Nightingale of John Keats. II.(10%)1. Satan 2.reason 3. father of English novel4. the lost generation5. ImagistIII.(20%)Section A: 1—5 D A B E C Section B: 6—10 E C A B DIV.(20%) B D C C D ACDBDV.Answer the following questions. (20%)1.-----“Samson Agonistes”is a poetical drama modeled on the Greed tragedies. Thestory was taken from the Old Testament.---In this poetic drama, Milton is telling us his own story.----Like Samson, he has been betrayed his wife.----He has suffered from blindness and been scorned by his enemies, and yet he has struggled heroically against his enemies.----Samson’s miserable bind servitude among his enemies, his agonizing longing for sight and freedom, and the last terrible triumph are all allusions to the poet’s own story.----So the whole poem strongly suggests Milton’s passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.----Samson is Milton.2. Love and marriage is the main theme of the novel.The first sentence in the novel declares that “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”Through several types of marriage, Jane Austen explains her idea of being rational in love and marriage.The union of Charlotte and Mr. Collins is too realistic;That of Lydia and Wickham seems out of sexual desire;That of Jane and Bingley and safe and stable; Shown as a real marriage but not an ideal one;That of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet is described in an ironical way…Only Elizabeth and Darcy are shown as a perfect, real and happy couple: they don’t fall in love at first sight but do after several circumstances. They don’t get married for anyone’s wish, or for convenience. They are a perfect match for each other. This is the writer’s standard on love and marriage.Ⅵ. Analyze the following poem. (10%)—four four-line stanzasAlternative use of iambic tetrameter and trimester lines----in ballad form: abcb—theme: Permanent love, courage—the two outstanding qualities of it: simplicity and spontaneity.----musical qualities: rhythm, repetition, iambic—The poet uses many figures of speech to describe this eternal love. Hyperbole and simile are used.----language is simple, lyrical, natural and beautiful with musical effect and appeals directly to people’s heart to his beloved one.。
【答案】英国文学史及选读-unite9课后习题答案.docx
【答案】英国文学史及选读-unite9课后习题答案.docxUnti 9 Critial realism1.In the 19th century English Literature, a new literary trend_critical realism__ appeared after the romantic poetry.2.The greatest English relist of the 19th century was _CharlesDickens___, who pictures bourgeois civilization, and shows the misery and suffering of the common people.3.The Victorian Age in English literature was largely an age of prose,especially of the _novel__4.Robert Browning is a great experimenter in poetic art. He is bestknown for the technique of _dramatic monologue____5.The most important poet of the Victorian Age was _Tennyson___. Nextto him were Robert Browning and his wife.6.The novel __The_Pickwick Papers__ deals with the adventure of Mr.Pickwick, a retired old merchant, who is the founder and chairman of the Pickwick Club.7.The novel “Oliver Twist” tells the story of a poor child named__Oliver Twist__ who is born in a workhouse and brought up under miserable conditions.8.The subtitle of “Vanity Fair “ is _A Novel Without a Hero___. Thewriter’s intention was not to portray individuals, but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.9.、10.The main plot of “ Vanity Fair” centers on the story of two women:Amelia Sedley and _Rebecca Sharp___. Their character are in sharp contrast.11.Charlotte Bronte’s masterpiece is_Jane Eyre__.12.Emily Bronte’s masterpiece is _Wuthering Heights___.13.The author of the “Return of the Native “ is _T homas Hardy____.14.George Eliot produced three remarkable novels including “ AdamBede”, “The Mill on the Floss” and “___’15.Among Hardy’s novels, the best-known are ____ and the “Jude theObscure”.16._Oscar Wilde___ is the representative among the writers ofaestheticism and decadence. “ the Picture of Dorian Gray “ is a typical decadent novel written by him.17.It was while living in Italy that Robert Browning published hisfinest volume of poems_____.18.Although writing from different points of view and with differenttechnique, writers in the Victorian period shared one thing in common, that is they were all concerned about _C__A. the love story between the rich and the poor.、B. the techniques in writingC. the fate of the common peopleD. the future of their own country.19.The author of the work “Dombey and Son” is:A. Charles DicknesB. Henry JamesC. Robert BrowningD. Thackarary20.As a love story, Wuthering Heights is one of the most moving thepassion between ___ proves the most intense, the most beautiful and at the same time the most horrible.A. Hareton and Cathy$B. Heathcliff and CatherineC. Hareton and CatherineD. Heathcliff and Cathy21.Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little,I amsoulless and heartless …and if god had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. The above passage is most probably taken from___.A. Great ExpectationsB. Wuthering HeightsC. Jane Eyre.D. Pride and Prejudice22.Most of Thomas Hardy’s novels are set in Wessex ___A. a crude region in England~B. comprehensive knowledgeC. a remote rural areaD. Hardy’s hometown23.Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one of Thomas Hardy’s best knownnovels ,portrays man as ____A. being hereditarily good or badB. being self-sufficientC. having no control over his own fateD. still retaining his own faith in a world of confusion.24.The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticismof the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first ___ heroine.A. worker…B. peasantC. governessD. explorer25.How do you understand that Dickens is the greatest critical realistwriter of the Victorian Age26.How do you understand that Dickens is the greatest critical realistwriter of the Victorian Age27.Why is Jane Eyre a successful novel。
英国文学选读课后答案 (2)
The Tiger P501.Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Ti ger canilluminate each other?The Tyger is corresponding to The Lamb. Both the poems show the poet ’s exploration, understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation. In this poem, the author implies that the Tiger is created by God as well as the Lamb. S o either the Tiger or the Lamb is essential to God. I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other. Although the Lamb can represent the kind “innocent society”, it will be lack of enough motivation to make progress. While the Tiger will caus e social misery, unrest or even disruption, but it can make people release their creativity. So the poet believes that the Tiger is the symbol of strength and courage. And he also praises its passion, desire and all the lofty beauty.2.What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? What idea does the poet want to express?The symbol of the Tyger is one of the two central mysteries of the poem (the other being the Tyger ’s creator). It is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tyger could be inspiration, the divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime (the big, mysterious, powerful and sometimes scary. Read more on this in the "Themes and Quotes" section), or vision itself. Really, the list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tyger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities The tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation: the animal is terrifying in its beauty, strength, complexity and vitality. The poem is divided into six parts. In the first part, the author imagined that he met a terrible tiger on a dark night and was frightened by its awful eyesight. There are creations and creators. How great the creator is that he could create such an awful creation like tiger! In the second part, the author continues to ask, where comes the eyesight like fire, sea or sky? The following two parts, the author describes the creator as a smith. He creates the tiger. What behind the questions is the frightening and respect of the author to the creator. In the fif th part, the author changes his tone and asks when the stars throw down their spears, why they are not happy? The last part is as same as the first part, the creator is too mysterious to understand. The tiger shows its outstanding energy. It’s the vitality which the author thinks highly of. The key sentence of the poem is "Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18 ’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn ’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings.Ode to the West Wind P83西风颂第一节哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫，有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中）将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
英美文学史练习答案TheElizabethanPeriod
英美⽂学史练习答案TheElizabethanPeriod ：英国⽂学史及作品选读练习题（The Elizabethan Period)名称英国⽂学史及作品选读练习题（The Elizabethan Period) 说明多次尝试该测试允许进⾏多次尝试。
强制完成该测试可以保存并在以后继续进⾏。
问题完成状态：问题 12 分保存The writings of Francis bacon mainly fall into threecategories: ___philosophical _______, purely literaryand professional.Ben Jonson’s poetic line “not of an age, but for all time” was dedicated to __________.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. William ShakespeareWhich is not the works of Christopher Marlowe?A. The Tragical History of Doctor FaustusB. LycidasC. Tamburlaine the GreatD. The Jew of MaltaThe Elizabethan age was one inwhich Renaissance transformed Chaucer’s Medieval England into Shakespeare’s modern one.Which of thefollowing statements best illustrate the themeof Shakespeare’s sonnet 18?A. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.B. The speaker eulogizes the power of nature.C. The speaker satirizes human vanity.D. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.In the English renaissance period, scholars began to emphasize the capacities of the human mind and the achievements of humanculture. The most significant intellectual movement was __________.A. reformationB. humanismC. geographical explorationsD.the Italian revival“Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew, I thou mak’st thy knife keen” In the above quotation taken from The Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare employs a (n) .A. synecdocheB. oxymoronC. simileD. punThe Pre-Elizabethan Period refers to t heyears between the death of Chaucer and the ascension ofQueen Elizabethan I.“Some books are tobe taste d, others to beswallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested” is one of the epigrams found in __________.A. Henry fielding’s Tom JonesB. Thomas More’s UtopiaC. John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s ProgressD. Francis bacon’s “Of Studies”From the following, choose the one which is not FrancisBacon’s work.A. The New InstrumentB. EssaysC. V enus and AdonisD. The Advancement of LearningSoon after the _____blank verse _____ was introduced by theEarl of Surrey in his translation of Virgil’s TheAeneid , and it became the standard meter for Elizabethanand later poetic drama.Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare’s great tragedies?A. HamletB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD. MacbethWhich of the following historical events does not directlyhelp to stimulate the rising of the RenaissanceMovement?A. The religious reformation and economic expansionB. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.C. The new discoveries in geography and astrologyD. The Glorious RevolutionIn the Elizabethan Period, Francis Bacon wrote manyexcellent essays, such as “Of Studies”.Shakespeare’s plays have been traditionally divided intofour categories according to dramatic type: histories,____comedies _____, tragedies and romances.world literature with his 37 plays.“Tobe, or not to be—that is the question; whe ther ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer. The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea oftroubles, and by opposing end them?” Who said these words?A. RomeoB. King LearC. HamletD. AntonioSir Philip Sidney is known for the following three works except __________.A. ArcadiaB. The Shepherd’s CalendarC. Astrophel and StellaD. Apology for PoetryFrancis Bacon lay the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking andfresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge.The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was Marlowe who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.The sentence “shall Icompare thee to a summer’s day?”is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s__________.A. tragediesB. historiesC. sonnetsD. comedies问题 222 分保存“Read not to contradict and confuse, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, butto weigh and consider.” comes from Bacon’s essay “ Of Studies ”.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is one of ChristopherMarlowe’s best works in which dr. Faustusseeks __________no matter at what cost and finally meetshis tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the devil.A. political powerB. moneyC. knowledgeD. immoralityIn Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, Antonio couldnot payback the money he borrowed from shylock because__________.A. Bassanio was able to pay his own debtB. his ships had all been lostC. his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryD. his enterprise went bankrupt问题 25 2 分保存Spenser is generally regarded as the greatest nondramatic poet of the Elizabethan Age. His fame is chiefly based on his masterpiece The Faerie Queen .is the essence of the Renaissance.A. HeroismB. Reformati onC. HumanismD. Chivalry问题 272 分保存Ben Jonson is the last great Elizabethan and probably thefirst poet Laureate (1616) and the first dictator in English history.Edmund Spenser’s Amoretti is a series of 88 sonnets in which he links each quatrain to the next by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee . This form is usually called ___Spenserian sonnet _.William Caxton is important to the development of English literature in that he introduced _printing ____ into England.The second period of English renaissance is also called the _Elizabethan __period or the age of Shakespeare.The following playwrights belong to the “universitywits”, Shakespeare’s predecesso rs, except__________.A. Thomas KydB. Ben JonsonC. John LylyD. Christopher MarloweThe tragedy of Dr. Faustus, the protagonist in Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragic History of Dr. Faustus, is the very fact that __________.A. he tried to join Africa to SpainB. he conjured up Helen, the lady who was the very cause ofthe Trojan WarC. he became a man without soul after he sold itD. man is confined to time__________is regarded as the earliest popular tragedy of bold and revenge.A. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus by ChristopherMarloweB. Alexander and Campaspe by John LylyC. The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas KydD. King Lear by William ShakespeareEdmund Spenser is often referred as “the poets’ ___poet_”because of his considerable influence on later poets.Which play is not a comedy?A. The Merchant of VeniceB. Romeo and JulietC. A Midsummer Night’sDreamD. As You Like ItThe cradle of Renaissance is .A. AmericaB. ItalyC. GermanyD. Englandrenaissance ideal of “the complete man.” He held a strong Protestant conviction.philosopher and essayist.Thomas Wyatt is usually regarded as the first great English sonneteer. It is he who first used a ____couplet __ for the conclusion of sonnets —a practice followed by Shakespeare.used wisdom in saving Antonio from beingpunished by Shylock in The Merchant of Venice .A. NobodyB. JudgeC. BassanioD. Portiaplaywright before Shakespeare.The major, or central, character of the plot is called the_protagonist _; his opponent, the character against whomhe struggles or contends, is called the antagonist.Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare’s comedies?A. The Merchant of VeniceB. The Winter’s TaleC. Henry VD. A Midsummer Night’s DreamWhich of the following poetic forms is the principal form of Shakespeare’s dramas?A. blank verseB. sonnetC. quatrainD. lyricOf the following plays, which is not written by Ben Jonson?A. Every Man in His HumorB. VolponeC. The AlchemistD. The Shoemaker’s Holida yIn , Shakespeare has not only made a profound analysis of the social crisis in which the evils can be seen everywhere, but also criticized the bourgeois egoism.A. King LearB. HamletC. Romeo and JulietD. The TempestA Shakespearean sonnet is composed of three four-line quatrains and a concluding two-line ___ couplet _______.。
美国文学选读课后习题答案
美国文学选读课后习题答案Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.3.How did he arrive in Philadephia?First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf.4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection?It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).Unit 2 Edgar Allen Poe1.Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress?Montresor.Fortunato,one of wine experts insulted him, so he wanted to murder him.2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?He baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a cask of Amontillado a rare and valuable sherry wine. Fortunato is anxious to determine whether or not itis truly Amontillado, so he goes to the vault with Montresor.3.What happens to Fortunato in the end?He was walled up alive behind bricks in a wine cellar.Unit 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne:1.Why is the prison the setting of Chapter 1 ?No matter how optimistic the founders of new colonies may be, they are quick to establish a prison and a cemetery in their “Utopia,” for they know that misbehavior, evil, and death are unavoidable.This belief fits into the larger Puritan doctrine, which puts heavy emphasis on the idea of original sin—the notion that all people are born sinners because of the initial transgressions of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. he is therefore using the prison building to represent the crime and the punishment which are aspect of civilized life. What is the implication of the description of the roses?The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man's activities. The narrator suggests that roses offer a reminder of Nature's kindness to the condemned; for his tale, he say s, it will provide either a “sweet moral blossom” or else some relie f in the face of unrelenting sorrow and gloom.2.Describe the appearance of Hester Prynne and the attitude of the people towards her.The second paragraph on page 30.The crowd in front of the jail is a mixture of men and women, all maintaining severe looks of disapproval. Several of the women begin to discuss Hester Prynne, and they soon vow that Hester would not have received such a light sentence for her crime if they had been the judges. One woman, the ugliest of the group, goes so far as to advocate death for Hester.3.What has happened to Hester? As a young woman, Hester married an elderly scholar, Chillingworth, who sent her ahead to America to live. While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl. The scarlet letter is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. Why does she make the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate?It seems to declare that she is proud, rather than ashamed, of her sin. In reality, however, Hester simply acc epts the “sin” and its symbol as part of herself, just as she accepts her child. And although she can hardly believe her present “realities,” she takes them as they are rather than resisti ng them or trying to atone for them. How does this tell us about her character? Throughout The Scarlet Letter Hester is portrayed as an intelligent, capable. It is the extraordinary circumstances shaping her that make her such an important figure.Unit 6 Henry David Thoreau1. Where indeed did Thoreau live, both at a physical level and at a spiritual level? He lived in a cabin on Walden Pond, which belonged t o Emerson’s property.2.Had Thoreau ever bought a farm? Why did he enjoy the act of buying? No, he ha dn’t. He avoided purchasing a farm because it would inevitably tie him down financially and complicate his life. Thoreau didn’t see the acquisition of wealth as the goal for human existence, he saw the goal of life to be an exploration of the mind and of the magnificent world around us. He regarded the places as an existence free of obligations and full of leisure.3. Is it significant that Thoreau mentioned the Fourth of July as the day on which he began to stay in the woods? Why?Yes, it is. Because The Fourth of July is known as Independence Day, the birthday of the United States. Here Thoreau uses the day to express his beginning of regeneration at Walden. It also means a symbol of his conquest of being. Unit 7 19th Century American Poets 1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1) I Shot an Arrow…1. Why did the speaker lose sight of his arrow and song?The arrow flies too swiftly and too far away to be seen by the speaker; whereas the song is naturally invisible.2. In what circumstances did he find them again?He finds them unexpectedly years later from the trunk of a tree and the heartof a friend.3. What do arrow and song stand for in this poem?The images of arrow and song here may stand for friendship.(2) A Psalm of Life1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem?The speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death?We should work harder and live happier.3. Interpret the metaphor of "Footprints on the sand of time" (line 28).The metaphor refers to human deeds in real life.2. Walt Whitman(1) One’s Self I Sing1. What is the significance of singing about one's self? It is an exaltation of the individual spirit, which is typical of Americanpeople.2. What is the difference between physiology and physiognomy?Physiology is a science that deals with the functions and life process of human beings, whereas physiognomy refers to an art of judging character from contours of face itself or the appearance of a person.3. What does Whitman mean by the term of "the Modern Man"?He means that a man should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one that is full of bias.(3) O Captain! My Captain!1. Why is the word "Captain" capitalized throughout the poem?In this poem the word “Captain” specially refers to Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States.2. What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem? Life is a journey.3. Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring, while the speaker remains so sad?They welcome the ship returning from its hard trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor.3. Emily Dickinson(1) To Make a Prairie …1. What things are needed to "make" a prairie? In what sense can one really do it? Some grass and insects and small animals. People can make a prairie with their imagination.2. How can "revery alone" create a prairie?The prairie stays in one's mind.(2) Success Is Counted Sweetest1. Why is success "counted sweetest by those who ne'er succeed"?Those who have tasted the bitterness of failure would have a keener desire for success.2. Who are "the purple host"?The so-called successful people in the world.3. Who is "he" in the last stanza? Anyone who is pursuing his success.(3)I'm nobody!1. Who are the "pair of us" and "they?"in this poem? The "pair of us" refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader, and "they" refers to the public, especially those in power.2. What does "an admiring bog" really mean?" (line 28). It implies the vain and empty common people, who are always admiring and pursuing the celebrities.3. What is the theme of this poem?The real admirable life is a secluded and common one.4. Do you want to be "nobody" or "somebody"? Explain your reasons. Different persons would have different answers to his question. Personally, I prefer to be nobody. Unit8 mark twain Questions1: Why do you think Mr. Wheeler is so eager to tell these stories? From Mr. Wheeler’s behaviors and contents of his narration. First, when "I" asked him to tell "me" something about W. Smiley, he “backed me into a corner and blockaded me with his chair, and then sat down and reeled off the narrative”. And during the process of telling his stories, he never paid any attention to others' response to his story and just went on telling what amused him. At last when the listener felt boring andwanted to leave, Mr. Wheeler even didn't notice it and still asked him to sit there listening to him.Question2: Does his audience share his enthusiasm in telling the stories?No. the audience does not show any interest in Mr. Wheeler’ stories. In fact, the narrator was very feverish about his stories, but, in the eyes of the listener, the stories were very boring and had nothing to do with his preoccupation. As an educated man, the listener couldn't understand the way of laborers for joy, and he would never bother himself to understand it. So after the longtime of Mr. Wheeler’ solo narration and w hen the audience got a chance, he fled away.Question3: Do you think the narrator and his listener ever suspect the presence of humor? Why? How do you interpret their interactions?The narrator and his listener never noticed or suspected the presence of humor. During the intercourse, the narrator went vigorously on his monotonous narrative "without a little smiling" talking about the animals and the things like, while the listener felt rather puzzled or bothered by his stories. It seemed to be kind of coarse things. So the two different scenes go on separately without an intersection. And their interaction was a complete failure according tour common sense about communication. But it in this sense produced the effect of humor which can be tasted by our readers due to the skills adopted by Mark Twain .Unit14 The Great GatsbyDo you think Gatsby deserv es to be called “the great”?Why?(1)I think it is too complicated to simply say Gatsbydeserves to be ―great‖or not.For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate. He was so extremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could do anything to get Daisy back. In this respect, he ismuch ―greater‖ th an his contemporaries. For anothe r thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he loved anymore. Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him. He wasn’t sober enough to be great. 2.Does “the green light” Gats by believed in exist in reality? Why orwhy not ?(1)I think ―the green light‖does not exist in reality. Because the green light which situated at th e end of Daisy’s East Egg dock and barely visible from West Egg lawnrepr esents Gatsby’s unattainable dre am. Although the coloritself can be seen as hope and bright future, Gatsby’s quest for Daisy back is doomed to be impossible. Daisy livedin ―a materi al world without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dream like air‖. The distinction between ideal and reality was huge. As if American dream between golden past and golden future always suffered from the realistic betrayal and crush.3.What does Gats by’s Schedule reveal about him and howdoes it relate to the American Dream?(1)The schedule is a refl ection of Gatsby’s determinationand ambition. It reveals that he is hard on himself in pursuit of his goal—to be an upper-class man.(2)On one hand, we can know that he is persistent inpursuing his American Dream-- to attain wealth andhappiness through his struggle. On the other hand, he is too idealistic and naive. The girl he loves is as vulgar and superficial as others in her circle, she is unable to meets Gatsby’s romantic fantasy. So his dream is destined to shatter, which indicates the disillusion of American Dream. 4.Whenyou read the line “He (the man with owl-eyed glasses)took off his glasses and wiped them again, outside andin ,” what images does it create in your mind, given the novel’s numerous references to t he strikingly strange scene of the spectacled eyes?(1)From this line , superficially, owl-eyes is a person with thick and blurry glasses who can not see clearly all the things in the world. However, we know he is actually an owl-wise observer and sees more clearly than anyone else in the novel. Owl-Eyes, except Nick, is the only friend to appear at the rain-soaked burial of Gatsby, when others are unwilling to come. He feels sympathy for Gat sby’s tragedy. Unit 16 Ernest Hemingway1.How do you interpret the irony of the title after readingthe story?(1)The title ―A Clean Well-Lighted Place‖ refers to thecaféin the text. The caféwas very clean and well- lighted.From the literary meaning, we may feel this place was very warm and comfortable, was a place where people needwarmth wanted to go. So the old man, who was rich butdeaf and lonely came here to find warmth and avoided nada.It was the only place he could go and could find somecomfort.(2)However, the younger waiter was very selfish.Therefore, he refused to offer the old man another cup ofwine by the excuse that the business was finished. This caféshould be warm but the younger waiter forced the lonely anddeaf to leave without any sympathy. This is the irony of the title.2.Do you think youth and confidence can help onewithstand the metaphorical dark?Why or why not?(1)I don’t think so.In our opinion, the metaphorical darkmeans nada,nothing in one’s inner heart. In the article, the younger waiter had both youth and confidence; however, he never made full use of them. As we ca n see, he didn’t understand the old man’s suicide and excessive drinking, and failed to see his tomorrow through the old man’s present situation.3.The older wait er said to the younger waiter:“We are of two different kinds.”In what way do you think they a re different?(1)I think they are different from each other in the following four aspects:In the beginning, they are in different ages.The older waiter was in his middle age; while the other was much younger.(2)Then, they have different attitudes towards the old man. From the article, the older waiter could understand the old man and show sympathy to him. However, the young man was very selfish. He showed hatred rather than sympathy to the old man.(3)Next, they have different attitudes towards life. The older waiter had a deep sense of life. He was brave and wanted to fight again nada. Besides, he cared about others. he has a shadow understanding of life. He satisfied with his present love and work, he only care about himself. He even never thought of his future.(4)Finally, they have different attitudes towards nada. The older waiter had realized that it is impossible to avoid nada in one’s whole life. The only thing h e can do is to keep a kind of clearness in his own mind. But out of youth and confidence, hefailed to overcome nada. On the contrary, the younger waiter had the two most important factors for withstanding nada; however, he didn’t realize the nada in his heart at all. Then his youth and confidence became useless.Unit 17 20th -Century American Poets1.Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro1.Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"?These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain. What do "petals" and "bough" stand for? Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd.2.Wallace Stevens Anecdote of the Jar1.What does the jar in poem symbolize? Why does the speaker place it on top of a hill?The jar here symbolizes a certain perspective on looking at this world. If the perspective of the viewing is creative and unique, it will change the conventional order of the old world. When a new perspective comes out, it will certainly hold attention from the rest.2. The jar is "round" and "of a port in air," meaning that it hasa stately importance. What effect does it have on surroundings when placed on the ground? Maybe the round jar assumes the air of a domineering figure, which helps to form a certain order out of the disordered surrounding.3. How did the wilderness of Tennessee characterized? What words or phrases does the poet use to describe it?T ennessee seems to a place full of life and energy. “Slovenly,” “sprawl” and “wild” are some of the words used to describe the place. (See Anecdote of the Jar ) 3.Robert Frost(1)Fire and Ice 1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem? Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war. 2. Why does the speaker say that ice is also great fordestruction? Explain what ice stands for here. Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings. 3. What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive? Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings. Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace.(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening 1. In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening? The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment. 2. Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake? The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight. It was eager to go home.3. Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty? He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep, because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do.4. What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines? The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life.(3) The Road Not Taken 1. What is the speaker's initial response to the divergence of the two roads? The speaker is at a loss which road he should choose, and he feels sorry that he cannot explore both roads at the same time. 2. Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads. Which one does the speaker take?Two roads are similar except one of them ismore “grassy,” which impl ies that it is less traveled by people. The speaker prefers the less traveled one, because he likes adventure.3. What might the two roads stand for in the speaker's mind? One road stands for the traditional one and the other is unconventional one and full of challenges and difficulties. To follow other people's footsteps or to open a new road for himself is really not an easy decision for us to make in our lives.（素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。
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《英美文学简史及名篇选读》单元练习参考答案Exercises of Chapter II. Fill in the following blanks.1. Angles；Saxons; Jutes2. Beowulf3.French；Latin; Old EnglishII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.D2.C3.B4.E5. AIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.D3.B4.BExercises of Chapter III. Fill in the following blanks.1. Utopia2.Francis Bacon3. Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth4.classical; human activities; keynoteII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. Part I :1.D2.E3. B4. C5.APart II:6.L7.K8. I9.G 10.F. 11.H 12. JIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.D3.B4.B5.C6.CExercises of Chapter IIII. Fill in the following blanks.1. Charles I ; Parliament2. beheaded ; commonwealth3. King Charles II；Restoration4.William Shakespeare ; Geoffrey ChaucerII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.Part I :1.C2.D3.B4. APart II :1.H2.E3.F4.GIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.C3.D4.B5.CExercises of Chapter IVI. Fill in the following blanks.1.Sentimentalism2.Robert Burns3.Henry FieldingII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.、B/C2.A3.B4.DIII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. 1.B 2.C 3.A 4,E 5.DExercises of Chapter VI. Fill in the following blanks.1.the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s joint work Lyrical Ballads in1798;Walter Scott’s death2. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey3.Walter ScottII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.B2.C3.E4.F5.G6.A7.DIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.C3.C4.D5.BExercises of Chapter VII.Fill in the following blanks.1.1837；1901；remarkable；expansion；British Empire2.the contradiction between the rich and the poor; the conflicts between capitaland labour; the widespread unemployment; severe depression3.The Life of Charlotte Bronte4.Lewis Carroll；Oxford; Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland; Through theLooking-GrassII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.F2.A3.B4.C5.H6.E7.J8.K9.G 10.L 11.D 12.IIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.C3.B4.D5.B6.CExercises of Chapter VIII. Fill in the following blanks.1. Literature in 19252. Stream of consciousness3. science fiction; father of science fiction4. Modernism5. James Joyce; Virginia Woolf; William FaulknerII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.B2.C3.G4.E5.F6.H7.D8.AIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.A3.D4.D5.AExercises of Chapter VIIII. Fill in the following blanks.1. Booker Prize (The Man Booker Prize for Fiction); Full-length; English: UK2. Animal Farm；Nineteen Eighty-Four3. Elias Canetti; Doris Lessing; William Golding; V.S. Naipaul4. Samuel Beckett; Harold PinterII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.B2.G3.C4.F5.H6.J7.A8.I9.E 10.DIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.D3.C4.D5.AExercises of Chapter IXI. Fill in the following blanks.1. James Fenimore Copper2. New England Transcendentalism3. believers ; divinity; intuition; reason4. Washington Irving; Allan Poe; Nathaniel Hawthorne5. Emerson; Nature; Thoreau’s WaldenII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.E2.B3.H4.F5.C6.G7.A8.DIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.B3.D4.D5.C6.AExercises of Chapter XI. Fill in the following blanks.1. naturalism; realism2. International theme3. industrialization ; mechanization4. wit ; satire5. feministII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.C2.A3.B4.H5.F6.D7.E8.GIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.A2.B3.B4.D5.BExercises of Chapter XII. Fill in the following blanks.1. Lost Generation2. Eugene O’NeilII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.Part I : 1.B 2.E 3.D 4.A 5.CPart II：7.H 8.J 9.K 10.L 11.I 12.GIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.B3.A4.B5.AExercises of Chapter XIII. Fill in the following blanks.1. Edward Albee2. William Faulkner；Ernest Hemingway；John Steinbeck；Saul Bellow；Issac Bashevis Singer；Joseph Brodsky; Toni Morrison；Bob Dylan3.Joseph Heller; Thomas PynchonII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.D2.J3.B4.G5.I6.H7.C8.A9.F 10.EIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.A2.B3.C4.B5.A。