海洋污染英文演讲稿.ppt
OceanPollution（海洋污染）
OceanPollution（海洋污染）Ocean PollutionBallast waterBallast water discharged by ships can have a negative impact on the marine environment. Cruise ships, large tankers, and bulk cargo carriers use a huge amount of ballast water, which is often taken on in the coastal waters in one region after ships discharge wastewater or unload cargo, and discharged at the next port of call, wherever more cargo is loaded. Ballast water discharge typically contains a variety of biological materials, including plants, animals, viruses, andbacteria. These materials often include non-native, nuisance, exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems.Sound pollutionNoise pollution caused by shipping and other human enterprises has increased in recent history. The noise produced by ships can travel long distances, and marine species who may rely on sound for their orientation, communication, and feeding, can be harmed by this sound pollution.The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species has identified ocean noise as a potential threat to marine life Ship impactsMarine mammals, such a whales and manatees, risk being struck by ships, causing injury and death. For example, if a ship is traveling at a speed of only 15 knots, there is a 79 percent chance of a collision being lethal to a whale.One notable example of the impact of ship collisions is the endangered North Atlantic right whale, of which 400 or lessremain. The greatest danger to the North Atlantic right whale is injury sustained from ship strikes. Between 1970 and 1999, 35.5 percent of recorded deaths were attributed to collisions. During 1999 to 2003, incidents of mortality and serious injury attributed to ship strikes averaged one per year. In 2004 to 2006, that number increased to 2.6. Deaths from collisions has become an extinction threat.Exhaust emissionsExhaust emissions from ships are considered to be a significant source of air pollution, with 18 to 30 percent of all nitrogen oxide and 9 percent of sulphur oxide pollution. The 15 biggest ships emit about as much sulphur oxide pollution as all cars combined. "By 2010, up to 40 percent of air pollution over land could come from ships." Sulfur in the air creates acid rain which damages crops and buildings. When inhaled the sulfur is known to cause respiratory problems and even increase the risk of a heart attack.According to Irene Blooming, a spokeswoman for the European environmentalcoalition Seas at Risk, the fuel used in oil tankers and container ships is high in sulfur and cheaper to buy compared to the fuel used for domestic land use. "A ship lets out around 50 times more sulfur than a lorry per metric tonne of cargo carried." Cities in the U.S. like Long Beach, Los Angeles, Houston, Galveston, and Pittsburgh see some of the heaviest shipping traffic in the nation and have left local officials desperately trying to clean up the air. Increasing trade between the U.S. and China is helping to increase the number of vessels navigating the Pacific and exacerbating many of the environmental problems. To maintain the level of growth China is currently experiencing, large amounts of grain are being shipped to China by the boat load.The number of voyages are expected to continue increasing.Oil spillsMost commonly associated with ship pollution are oil spills. While less frequent than the pollution that occurs from daily operations, oil spills have devastating effects. While being toxic to marine life,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the components in crude oil, are very difficult to clean up, and last for years in the sediment and marine environment. Marine species constantly exposed to PAHs can exhibit developmental problems, susceptibility to disease, and abnormal reproductive cycles. One of the morewidely known spills was the Exxon V aldez incident in Alaska. The ship ran aground and dumped a massive amount of oil into the ocean in March 1989. Despite efforts of scientists, managers, and volunteers over 400,000 seabirds, about 1,000 sea otters, and immense numbers of fish were killed.SewageThe cruise line industry dumps 255,000 gallons of greywater and 30,000 gallons of blackwater into the sea every day. Blackwater is sewage, wastewater from toilets and medical facilities, which can contain harmful bacteria, pathogens,viruses, i ntestinal parasites, and harmful nutrients. Discharges of untreated or inadequately treated sewage can cause bacterial and viral contamination of fisheries and shellfish beds, producing risks to public health. Nutrients in sewage, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, promote excessive algal blooms, which consumes oxygen in the water and can lead to fish kills and destruction of other aquatic life. A large cruise ship (3,000 passengers and crew) generates an estimated 55,000 to 110,000 liters per day of blackwater wasteSolid wasteSolid wastegenerated on a ship includes glass, paper, cardboard, aluminium and steel cans, and plastics. It can be either non-hazardous or hazardous in nature. Solid waste that enters the ocean may become marinedebris, and can then pose a threat to marine organisms, humans, coastal communities, and industries that utilize marine waters. Cruise ships typically manage solid waste by a combination of source reduction, waste minimisation, and recycling. However, as much as 75 percent of solid waste is incinerated on board, and the ash typically is discharged at sea, although some is landed ashore for disposal or recycling. Marine mammals, fish, sea turtles, and birds can be injured or killed from entanglement with plastics and other solid waste that may be released or disposed off of cruise ships. On average, each cruise ship passenger generates at least two pounds of non-hazardous solid waste per day. With large cruise ships carrying several thousand passengers, the amount of waste generated in a day can be massive. For a large cruise ship, about 8 tons of solid waste are generated during a one-week cruise. It has been estimated that 24 percent of the solid waste generated by vessels worldwide (by weight) comes from cruise ships. Most cruise ship garbage is treated on board (incinerated, pulped, or ground up) for discharge overboard. When garbage must be off-loaded (for example, because glass and aluminium cannot be incinerated), cruise ships can put a strain on port reception facilities, which are rarely adequate to the task of serving a large passenger vessel.Bilge waterOn a ship, oil often leaks from engine and machinery spaces or from engine maintenance activities and mixes with water inthe bilge, the lowest part of the hull of the ship. Oil, gasoline, and by-products from the biological breakdown of petroleum products can harm fish and wildlife and pose threats to human health if ingested. Oil in even minute concentrations can kill fish or have various sub-lethal chronic effects. Bilge water also may contain solid wastes and pollutantscontaining high amounts of oxygen-demanding material, oil and other chemicals. A typical large cruise ship will generate an average of 8 metric tons of oily bilge water for each 24 hours of operation. To maintain ship stability and eliminate potentially hazardous conditions from oil vapors in these areas, the bilge spaces need to be flushed and periodically pumped dry. However, before a bilge can be cleared out and the water discharged, the oil that has been accumulated needs to be extracted from the bilge water, after which the extracted oil can be reused, incinerated, and/or offloaded in port. If a separator, which is normally used to extract the oil, is faulty or is deliberately bypassed, untreated oily bilge water could be discharged directly into the ocean, where it can damage marine life.A number of cruise lines have been charged with environmental violations related to this issue in recent years。
Ocean Pollution(海洋污染)
Ocean PollutionBallast waterBallast water discharged by ships can have a negative impact on the marine environment. Cruise ships, large tankers, and bulk cargo carriers use a huge amount of ballast water, which is often taken on in the coastal waters in one region after ships discharge wastewater or unload cargo, and discharged at the next port of call, wherever more cargo is loaded. Ballast water discharge typically contains a variety of biological materials, including plants, animals, viruses, andbacteria. These materials often include non-native, nuisance, exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems.Sound pollutionNoise pollution caused by shipping and other human enterprises has increased in recent history. The noise produced by ships can travel long distances, and marine species who may rely on sound for their orientation, communication, and feeding, can be harmed by this sound pollution.The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species has identified ocean noise as a potential threat to marine lifeShip impactsMarine mammals, such a whales and manatees, risk being struck by ships, causing injury and death. For example, if a ship is traveling at a speed of only 15 knots, there is a 79 percent chance of a collision being lethal to a whale.One notable example of the impact of ship collisions is the endangered North Atlantic right whale, of which 400 or less remain. The greatest danger to the North Atlantic right whale is injury sustained from ship strikes. Between 1970 and 1999, 35.5 percent of recorded deaths were attributed to collisions. During 1999 to 2003, incidents of mortality and serious injury attributed to ship strikes averaged one per year. In 2004 to 2006, that number increased to 2.6. Deaths from collisions has become an extinction threat.Exhaust emissionsExhaust emissions from ships are considered to be a significant source of air pollution, with 18 to 30 percent of all nitrogen oxide and 9 percent of sulphur oxide pollution. The 15 biggest ships emit about as much sulphur oxide pollution as all cars combined. "By 2010, up to 40 percent of air pollution over land could come from ships." Sulfur in the air creates acid rain which damages crops and buildings. When inhaled the sulfur is known to cause respiratory problems and even increase the risk of a heart attack.According to Irene Blooming, a spokeswoman for the European environmentalcoalition Seas at Risk, the fuel used in oil tankers and container ships is high in sulfur and cheaper to buy compared to the fuel used for domestic land use. "A ship lets out around 50 times more sulfur than a lorry per metric tonne of cargo carried." Cities in the U.S. like Long Beach, Los Angeles, Houston, Galveston, and Pittsburgh see some of the heaviest shipping traffic in the nation and have left local officials desperately trying to clean up the air. Increasing trade between the U.S. and China is helping to increase the number of vessels navigating the Pacific and exacerbating many of the environmental problems. To maintain the level of growth China is currently experiencing, large amounts of grain are being shipped to China by the boat load. The number of voyages are expected to continue increasing.Oil spillsMost commonly associated with ship pollution are oil spills. While less frequent than the pollution that occurs from daily operations, oil spills have devastating effects. While being toxic to marine life,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the components in crude oil, are very difficult to clean up, and last for years in the sediment and marine environment. Marine species constantly exposed to PAHs can exhibit developmental problems, susceptibility to disease, and abnormal reproductive cycles. One of the morewidely known spills was the Exxon V aldez incident in Alaska. The ship ran aground and dumped a massive amount of oil into the ocean in March 1989. Despite efforts of scientists, managers, and volunteers over 400,000 seabirds, about 1,000 sea otters, and immense numbers of fish were killed.SewageThe cruise line industry dumps 255,000 gallons of greywater and 30,000 gallons of blackwater into the sea every day. Blackwater is sewage, wastewater from toilets and medical facilities, which can contain harmful bacteria, pathogens,viruses, i ntestinal parasites, and harmful nutrients. Discharges of untreated or inadequately treated sewage can cause bacterial and viral contamination of fisheries and shellfish beds, producing risks to public health. Nutrients in sewage, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, promote excessive algal blooms, which consumes oxygen in the water and can lead to fish kills and destruction of other aquatic life. A large cruise ship (3,000 passengers and crew) generates an estimated 55,000 to 110,000 liters per day of blackwater wasteSolid wasteSolid wastegenerated on a ship includes glass, paper, cardboard, aluminium and steel cans, and plastics. It can be either non-hazardous or hazardous in nature. Solid waste that enters the ocean may become marinedebris, and can then pose a threat to marine organisms, humans, coastal communities, and industries that utilize marine waters. Cruise ships typically manage solid waste by a combination of source reduction, waste minimisation, and recycling. However, as much as 75 percent of solid waste is incinerated on board, and the ash typically is discharged at sea, although some is landed ashore for disposal or recycling. Marine mammals, fish, sea turtles, and birds can be injured or killed from entanglement with plastics and other solid waste that may be released or disposed off of cruise ships. On average, each cruise ship passenger generates at least two pounds of non-hazardous solid waste per day. With large cruise ships carrying several thousand passengers, the amount of waste generated in a day can be massive. For a large cruise ship, about 8 tons of solid waste are generated during a one-week cruise. It has been estimated that 24 percent of the solid waste generated by vessels worldwide (by weight) comes from cruise ships. Most cruise ship garbage is treated on board (incinerated, pulped, or ground up) for discharge overboard. When garbage must be off-loaded (for example, because glass and aluminium cannot be incinerated), cruise ships can put a strain on port reception facilities, which are rarely adequate to the task of serving a large passenger vessel.Bilge waterOn a ship, oil often leaks from engine and machinery spaces or from engine maintenance activities and mixes with water in the bilge, the lowest part of the hull of the ship. Oil, gasoline, and by-products from the biological breakdown of petroleum products can harm fish and wildlife and pose threats to human health if ingested. Oil in even minute concentrations can kill fish or have various sub-lethal chronic effects. Bilge water also may contain solid wastes and pollutantscontaining high amounts of oxygen-demanding material, oil and other chemicals. A typical large cruise ship will generate an average of 8 metric tons of oily bilge water for each 24 hours of operation. To maintain ship stability and eliminate potentially hazardous conditions from oil vapors in these areas, the bilge spaces need to be flushed and periodically pumped dry. However, before a bilge can be cleared out and the water discharged, the oil that has been accumulated needs to be extracted from the bilge water, after which the extracted oil can be reused, incinerated, and/or offloaded in port. If a separator, which is normally used to extract the oil, is faulty or is deliberately bypassed, untreated oily bilge water could be discharged directly into the ocean, where it can damage marine life.A number of cruise lines have been charged with environmental violations related to this issue in recent years。
水污染-英文版课件PPT精选全文完整版
Other food-processing plants discharge fruit and vegetable skins, seeds, leaves, stems, and other vegetable wastes.
Oil spills from tankers at sea or leaks from underground storage tanks on land are very difficult to control
Oil spills at sea decrease the oxygen level in the water and cause grave harm to the creatures living in the sea.
2021/3/10
5
As water moves along or beneath the surface of the Earth, it dissolves minerals and matter from decaying plants and animals.
The principal positive ions (cations) in natural water are sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and sometimes iron (Fe2+ or Fe3+).
Domestic sewage contains a wide variety of dissolved and suspended impurities: a. organic materials-food and vegetable waste b. plant nutrients- chemical soaps, washing powders c. disease-causing microbes微生物
水污染_英文演讲ppt
Drought Pollution
Approximately 300 million nationwide have no access to clean water. Furthermore, over 700 million Chinese drink fetid water below World Health Organization standards. Almost 90% of underground water in cities are affected by pollution and 80% of China’s rivers fail to meet standards for fishing. Almost all of the nation's rivers are considered polluted to some degree, and half of the population lacks access to clean drinking water. Ninety percent of urban water bodies are severely polluted.
As far as future prospect is concerned, I am sure that good results will be achieved in this respect. Rivers which used to be contaminated by industrial wastes will be cleaned and fish which could not live there a few years ago will be again. To conclude, it seems obvious that tomorrow will be better and brighter only if everyone does his part and tries hard to seek solutions for its control.
水污染-英文演讲ppt
Thank you !
WATER POLLUTION
Yangzhou, China Miles
The four basic natural resources are water, air, land and energy. We need water for multiple uses and a certain quality is required. Its use leads to the generation of wastewater that can cause an impact on the environment.
As far as future prospect is concerned, I am sure that good results will be achieved in this respect. Rivers which used to be contaminated by industrial wastes will be cleaned and fish which could not live there a few years ago will be again. To conclude, it seems obvious that tomorrow will be better and brighter only if everyone does his part and tries hard to seek solutions for its control.
In addition, factories in towns and cities must be prohibited from draining waste liquids into rivers before they are totally treated and purified. I feel if they violate relevant rules or laws, they should be fined heavily. Certainly, there are some other cures which are worth adopting.
海洋污染 英文演讲 PPT
4.
Marine environment pollution
Ocean oil leak, Marine transportation ,various landsourced pollutants (mainly coastal industrial wastewater and life sewage) discharged into the sea , aggravating the Marine environment pollution, and the Marine ecological environment has deteriorated.
A large number of nutrient-rich human sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater emission sea of red tide organisms will use nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon frantically breeding and accumulation induced red tide occurred.
Measure：Sewage marine disposal
Ocean disposal of sewage is prohibited or effective measures to limit emissions and freedom of sewage shore random row, concentrated pretreatment of sewage works system, transportation by pipeline to the underwater depth of the ocean, emissions by the diffuser, so that inas small as possible within a high degree of dilution, to reduce the impact on the environment. This sewage marine disposal engineering, compared with the conventional secondary treatment of sewage, saving 1/2 to 1/3 of investment in infrastructure and operation and management costs, covering 30 to 40 percent reduction in benefits are enormous.
海洋污染 英文演讲稿PPT课件
Wastewater containing organic and nutrient substances that contain protein, fat, amino acids, carbohydrates and other ozone-depleting organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in wastewater
marine polution in China team members
1
1.
The lose of living environment
enclosing tideland, Marine、 coastal project and waterway dredging activities are the causes. thus, the normal activity of Marine life is Seriously interfered, sometimes even make Marine biological habitat completely extincted. And the decline in the number of mangrove is the best example.
2011-10-28
2
2.
overfishing and illeagally trade
because a lot of Marine animal has very high ornamental value or can be treated as art collection, and with nutritional value,people are driven by intereststo fish and even illegally catch.What's more,Marine fishing vessels increased dramatically, fishing segment has improved steadily . these cause serious destruction of the resources and even make them die out.
海洋污染 英文演讲稿
Measure：Sewage marine disposal
Ocean disposal of sewage is prohibited or effective measures to limit emissions and freedom of sewage shore random row, concentrated pretreatment of sewage works system, transportation by pipeline to the underwater depth of the ocean, emissions by the diffuser, so that inas small as possible within a high degree of dilution, to reduce the impact on the environment. This sewage marine disposal engineering, compared with the conventional secondary treatment of sewage, saving 1/2 to 1/3 of investment in infrastructure and operation and management costs, covering 30 to 40 percent reduction in benefits are enormous.
conclusion
Over the years, the Chinese people's awareness of resource protection is weak and the legal concept is thin. We often destruct at first and protect when situation is terrible, so many land aquatic organisms and marine life have disappeared from our sight. As a result of Kinds of reasons, the Chinese marine biodiversity and the marine environment isstill is worrying.
2021年英语-大学课堂分享-海洋污染PPT课件
There is no known inexpensive and guaranteed sate
method of disposing of highly poisonous chemical wastes,
剧毒
such as byproducts from chemical manufacturing,
Unit 13
Pollution of Oceans
YOUR NAME
Other Chemical Wastes
’What are the sources of
other chemical wastes?
“Why do people throw chemical wastes into the sea?
但是圆桶生锈，而且向外去的承运人并不总是会等到他们到达海域的最深处再卸货。
As a result, many such drums are found in the fisheries on continental shelves or are even washed ashore.
因此，在大陆架上的渔业中发现了很多这样的圆桶，甚至被冲上了岸。
It is estimated that tens of thousands of such drums
估计
成千上万
have been dropped into the sea.
据估计，已经有成千上万个这样的桶被扔进了大海。
Other Chemical Wastes
’What are the sources of
Development of SAW technology used in the detection of
chemical warfare agents
海洋污染 英文演讲稿
Wastewater containing organic and nutrient substances that contain protein, fat, amino acids, carbohydrates and other ozone-depleting organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in wastewater
B
10
Fifth, the heated waste
Heated waste water emissions from thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, petrochemical, nonferrous metal smelting and other industrial processes in high-temperature cooling water, ash water temperature is higher than normal sea temperatures waste water
B
11
Measure：Sewage marine disposal
Ocean disposal of sewage is prohibited or effective measures to limit emissions and freedom of sewage shore random row, concentrated pretreatment of sewage works system, transportation by pipeline to the underwater depth of the ocean, emissions by the diffuser, so that inas small as possible within a high degree of dilution, to reduce the impact on the environment. This sewage marine disposal engineering, compared with the conventional secondary treatment of sewage, saving 1/2 to 1/3 of investment in infrastructure and operation and management costs, covering 30 to 40 percent reduction in benefits are enormous.
海洋污染优秀PPT文档
一旦污染物进入海洋后，很难再转移出去，不能溶解和不易分解的物质在海洋中越积越多，往往通过生物的浓缩作用和食物链传递， 对人类造成潜在威胁。 污染最严重的海域有波罗的海地中海东京湾、纽约湾、墨西哥湾等。 污染最严重的海域有波罗的海地中海东京湾、纽约湾、墨西哥湾等。 3、健全环境保护法制，加强监测监视和管理； 防止海洋污染的措施主要有：
我国的渤海湾、黄海、东海和南海的污染状况也相当严重，虽然汞、镉、铅的浓度总体上尚在标准允许范围之内，但已有局部的超标 区； 第三是对水产资源的酷捕，对红树林、珊瑚礁的乱伐乱采，也危及到生态平衡。 2、对海洋环境深入开展科学研究； 上述问题的存在已对人类生产和生活均构成了严重威胁。 第三是对水产资源的酷捕，对红树林、珊瑚礁的乱伐乱采，也危及到生态平衡。 其次是某些不合理的海岸工程建设，给海洋环境带来的严重影响； 2、对海洋环境深入开展科学研究； 就国家来说，沿海污染严重的是 、 、西欧诸国和前苏联国家。
海洋污染有很长和积累过程，不易及时发现，一旦形成污染，需要长期治理才能消除影响，且治理费用大，造成的危害会影响到各方 面，特别是对人体产生的毒害，更是难以彻底清除干净 海洋的污染主要是发生在靠近大陆的海湾。 海洋污染会损害生物资源，危害人类健康，妨碍捕鱼和人类在海上的其他活动，损坏海水质量和环境质量等
我国的渤海湾、黄海、东海和南海的污染状况也相当严重，虽然汞、镉、铅的浓度总体上尚在标准允许范围之内，但已有局部的超标 区； 第三是对水产资源的酷捕，对红树林、珊瑚礁的乱伐乱采，也危及到生态平衡。 污染最严重的海域有波罗的海地中海东京湾、纽约湾、墨西哥湾等。
海洋污染有很长和积累过程，不易及时发现，一旦形成污染，需要长期治理才能消除影响，且治理费用大，造成的危害会影响到各方 面，特别是对人体产生的毒害，更是难以彻底清除干净
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1.
The lose of living environment
enclosing tideland, Marine、 coastal project and waterway dredging activities are the causes. thus, the normal activity of Marine life is Seriously interfered, sometimes even make Marine biological habitat completely extincted. And the decline in the number of mangrove is the best example.
heavy metals in wastewater
The so-called lowlevel radioactive ste water is a liter contained radioactivity less than 10 (-5) Curie wastewater
Easily degradable organic matter, microorganisms under natural conditions is difficult descending decomposition of organic material occurs in the natural environment can be maintained indefinitely and disseminated, and thus a serious impact on the marine environment and ecological
3.
alien species invasion
with the development of China's ocean transportation, The spread of breeding, and soliciting, foreign Marine species' quantity increased sharply resulting in the Marine ecological system structure's imbalance, function degradation loss of diversity, whichmakes Chinese ocean environment faces increasing pressure of intrusion.
4.
Marine environment pollution
Ocean oil leak, Marine transportation ,various landsourced pollutants (mainly coastal industrial wastewater and life sewage) discharged into the sea , aggravating the Marine environment pollution, and the Marine ecological environment has deteriorated.
Wastewater containing organic and nutrient substances that contain protein, fat, amino acids, carbohydrates and other ozone-depleting organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in wastewater
Fifth, the heated waste
The five wastewater discharged into the ocean
? First, the low-level radioactive waste water
The second, containing the easily degradable organic compounds and
2.
overfishing and illeagally trade
because a lot of Marine animal has very high ornamental value or can be treated as art collection, and with nutritional value,people are driven by intereststo fish and even illegally catch.What's more,Marine fishing vessels increased dramatically, fishing segment has improved steadily . these cause serious destruction of the resources and even make them die out.
Pathogens, infectious agents, including pathogens, disease eggs, viruses. Pathogens can survive in the water can enter the body through the food chain, which make you sick
Third, medical sewage carrying pathogens, domestic sewage and
industrial wastewater
fourth,Industrial wastewater containing organic matter and
nutrients, sewage.