西班牙语水利水文词汇
河海水利专业词汇
1 水资源Water resources2 坝dam3 水库reservoir6 水电站hydropower7 洪水flood8 泥沙sediment10 流域basin11 电站station12 三峡gorges13 水流flow15 水位level16 坝体dam19 水力hydraulic20 渗流，渗漏seepage22 灌浆grouting23 流量discharge24 水工hydraulic25 水电hydropower27 隧洞tunnel28 开挖excavation29 调度operation31 闸门gate 32 工程works34 碾压混凝土rcc35 下游downstream36 坝基foundation37 库reservoir38 波浪wave39 堆石rockfill40 洞tunnel41 岸bank42 水头head43 导流diversion44 围堰cofferdam45 面板face47 河道channel48 水利Water conservancy49 蓄能storage50 引水diversion51 三峡tgp52 河床bed53 水文hydrological54 上游upstream55 河段reach56 厂房powerhouse57 水深depth58 布置layout59 溢洪道spillway60 水电Hydroelectric61 航道channel63 渡槽aqueduct65 帷幕curtain66 碾压compacted67 梯级cascade69 衬砌lining70 调速器governor71 调度，整治regulation73 心墙core74 建筑物structure75 截流closure76 转轮runner77 水文hydrology79 河口estuary80 调压surge81 渠道canal84 坝肩abutment86 水面surface88 闸sluice89 泥沙sedimentation90 防渗impervious93 淤积deposition94 高程elevation95 面板slab6 冲刷scour97 缝joint100 水闸sluice101 淤积sedimentation102 闸门gate103 水力学hydraulic104 建筑物construction105 水轮机turbines106 河床riverbed107 堰weir108 实测observed109 非恒定unsteady110 空化cavitation111 泥沙silt112 船闸lock116 冲刷erosion119 厂房plant，station 120 堤防dike121 冲刷scouring122 防波堤breakwater 123 水流current24 航道waterway 126 工期period128 水位stage129 隧洞tunnel130 排水drainage131 防渗cutoff132 通航navigation 133 堤防embankment 134 暴雨storm135 水力学hydraulics 136 渠canal137 进水口intake138 航运navigation 139 水槽flume140 洪灾flood141 疏浚dredging 142 消力stilling145 安全度safety146 输移transport147 槽channel148 堤dike150 过渡过程transient151 闸墩pier152 竖井shaft156 垫层cushion157 淤siltation158 灯泡bulb159 浇筑placement160 填筑filling161 软弱weak162 糙率roughness163 输水conveyance164 进intake165 尾水tailrace166 管涌piping167 砂砾gravel170 堤防levee171 浇筑pouring172 垂线vertical173 淹没submerged175 河槽channel176 覆盖层overburden177 土石embankment178 灌浆grout179 踵heel180 压力钢管penstock181 比例尺scale182 虹吸siphon183 碾压rolled184 接缝joint186 级配gradation187 开挖excavating188 泥沙淤积sedimentation190 压力管道penstock191 调节governing192 掺气aeration193 脉动fluctuating194 淤积silting195 开度opening196 卵石gravel197 水情regime199 贯流式tubular200 蓄水impounding201 防洪flood-control202 堤embankment203 堤bank204 渠channel205 沉箱caisson206 深水deepwater207 梯级cascaded208 水能hydropower209 浅滩shoal210 消能工dissipator211 泥沙sediment213 开挖excavated214 码头dock215 坝顶crest216 叶vane217 蓄水impoundment218 埋embedded219 洞室caverns222 掺气aerated223 淹没flood224 洞室cavern225 游荡wandering 226 涵，管道culvert227 丁坝spur228 蜗壳scroll229 海床seabed30 衬砌liner231 渡槽flume232 磨蚀abrasion233 漏水leakage234 压力管道penstock235 廊道gallery236 堆石体rockfill237 体形shape238 抛石riprap239 冲积alluvial240 浆液grout241 碾压rolling242 水轮机hydroturbine 243 启闭机hoist244 弯道bend 245 泊位berth246 围堰cofferdams247 淤泥mud249 汇流confluence251 涌浪surge252 前池forebay253 变位displacement254 回水backwater256 干流mainstream257 加高heightening258 土工geotechnical259 防渗impermeable260 坝段monolith261 护岸revetment262 浇筑placing263 推移质bedload264 铺盖blanket266 防波堤breakwaters267 支流tributary268 入口entrance269 水动力学hydrodynamic270 冻胀heaving271 测报forecast272 支流tributaries273 枢纽pivot274 感潮tidal275 滩shoal276 沉陷settlement279 坝址damsite280 坝趾toe282 洞室chamber284 自生autogenous285 甩rejection286 钻孔bore287 调配allocation288 堰weir289 清淤dredging290 垫层bedding292 坝肩abutment293 河道watercourse295 淹没inundation296 岔bifurcated297 堤防levees298 消能工dissipater299 滞洪detention300 出流outflow301 吨级dwt302 出水口outlet303 尾水洞tailrace304 渡槽aqueducts305 面板faceplate306 丁坝groin307 浑浊turbidity308 砌石masonry309 渗透percolation310 码头pier311 式防波堤breakwater312 梯级step314 虹吸管siphon316 可逆式reversible317 护坡revetment318 闸floodgate319 灌浆grouted320 回淤siltation321 壅水backwater322 洪水floodwater323 码头wharf324 洞室cavity325 振冲vibroflotation326 泄洪闸sluice327 水道waterway329 泄水闸sluice330 浇筑concreting331 溢洪道spillway332 沉箱caissons333 船闸lock334 围adjoining335 透水permeable336 溢流堰weir337 海堤，防波提seawall339 孔口orifice340 护坦apron341 河道riverway342 过程线hydrograph343 冲击式pelton344 分汊braided348 锚杆anchor349 浅滩shoals350 水电hydroelectricity351 水击surge352 多目标multipurpose354 淤积aggradation355 梯段bench356 渗漏percolation359 斜坡sloping360 粗化armoring361 验收试验acceptance362 顶crest363 卵石pebble364 落潮ebb365 涨潮flood366 漫滩overbank367 曼宁manning368 航道waterways369 虹吸式siphon370 喷混凝土shotcrete371 沉沙desilting372 隐患perils373 石料stone374 筑坝damming375 预应力stressed376 磨蚀erosion377 径流streamflow378 涵管culvert379 溢洪spillway380 防渗seepage-proof381 高含沙hyperconcentration382 渠首head383 喷jetting384 冰凌ice385 波浪wave-induced386 挖泥dredging388 沉排mattress389 量水槽flume390 修补patching391 码头wharves392 引水headrace393 水力发电hydropower394 抗渗性能impermeability395 淹没submergence396 圩polder397 廊道galleries398 沿岸longshore399 码头jetty400 调节器governor401 坡面overland402 漫滩floodplain403 阻塞barrage404 复核recheck405 放空emptying406 海漫apron407 防渗imperious408 厂房powerhouses409 开挖excavate410 土工earthwork411 落差fall412 心墙core-wall413 概化generalization 414 疏浚dredge415 面板face-plate416 水闸floodgate417 枢纽headwork418 小潮neap419 防渗seepage-preventing 420 丁坝groyne421 月牙crescent422 浆液grouts423 急流rapids424 过水overtopped425 海堤seawall426 浆砌grouted427 通气孔vent428 淹没inundated429 排水沟ditch430 支墩buttress431 围堰coffer432 阻抗式throttled433 陡槽chute434 浮运floating435 平洞adit436 融雪snowmelt437 堵头plug438 防洪flood-prevention439 过流overflow440 丙烯酸盐acrylate441 冲积性alluvial442 倾倒toppling443 流道passageway446 丁坝groins447 水头waterhead449 坝区damsite450 式溢洪道spillways451 分汊bifurcated452 块石rubble453 水能hydroenergy454 放淤warping455 水能waterpower456 夹层intercalations457 湖塘hutang458 防渗seepage-preventionseepage-control460 漫顶overtopping461 堰顶crest462 测流槽flume463 滩险rapids464 爆破blast-induced465 闸门sluicesstrobe467 尾水渠tailrace468 掺和料admixture469 河岸riverbank470 溢流overfall471 拱肩spandrel472 解集disaggregation473 塌方landslide474 水利water-conservancy475 接力器servomotor476 渠化canalization477 槛sill478 整编compilation479 水力发电hydroelectric480 泥土earth481 涌浪swell482 平滩bankfull483 导水机构distributor484 洪水inundation485 透水pervious486 清淤desilting487 式防波堤breakwaters488 砾质gravelly489 帷幕purdah490 雨水stormwater491 粗化层armoring492 汇流conflux493 沙纹ripple494 摆度throw495 边墙sidewall496 河道整治realignment497 分水岭divide498 分缝parting499 增容uprating500 渗透仪permeameter501 压力前池forebay502 水斗式pelton503 水力发电waterpower504 卸荷unload505 水力学的hydraulic506 胸墙parapet507 丁坝spur-dike508 河口estuarial509 透水地pervious510 绕流circumfluence 511 捆bundle512 析出物educts513 土工网geonet515 嵌缝caulking516 流量过程线hydrograph517 和谐性harmoniousness 519 石笼gabion20 河口bayou521 河道river-channel 522 河川径流streamflow523 基床bedding524 锈蚀rustiness525 加高heighten526 滩险shoal527 堵口closure528 船坞shipyard529 抓斗clamshell530 超径oversized531 重力式gravity-type532 陀螺罗盘gyrocompass533 增容改造uprating534 丁坝spur-dikes535 水力学hydromechanics536 水资源water-resources537 二级second-stage538 导堤jetty539 不透水impervious540 泥化mudding541 蓄水impound542 进水口inlets543 汇流afflux544 多层multilaminate545 格栅grille546 喷灌机sprinkler547 排水口outfall548 浅滩shallows549 浮码头pontoon550 跌水drop551 碎波surf552 巡视perambulation553 渡槽flumes554 复核rechecking555 虹吸siphonic557 海漫riprap558 泄洪闸门floodgate559 开关站switchyard560 河口的estuarine561 热风sirocco562 渠trench563 蜿蜒meandering564 山口pass565 固化剂solidifier566 盘车barring568 贯通transfixion569 液胀mullen570 游荡wandering-braided571 滑道slipway572 灰浆mortar573 电站坝址damsite574 卵石pebbles575 流-固fluid-structure576 石板shiban577 石笼gabions578 湿化slaking579 倾倒变形toppling580 拦河闸barrage581 进水口infall582 浮箱pontoon583 水资源water-resource584 权重weightings585 闸墩frusta586 空化cavitation587 科罗拉多colorado588 多瑙河danube589 穹顶vault590 铠装armored592 沥青混凝土asphalt-concrete593 河流的fluvial594 泄水道sluiceway595 河堤riverbank596 河床streambed597 溪creek598 护壁dado599 洪涝灾害flood-waterlogging 600 驳岸bulkhead601 淹没submersion603 不相似dissimilarity604 急流torrent605 水道watercourse606 布隆迪burundi607 钻孔drillholes608 小型midget609 水流flow-water610 集电器collector611 碱-骨料alkali-aggregate 612 混凝土beton613 卵石cobbles614 细观meso-level615 隧洞施工tunnelling616 渠道chanel617 滑雪ski618 滑移量slip619 全断面掘进机tbm620 推杆handspike621 冰凌slush622 软土mollisol623 近岸水域nearshore624 阿斯旺aswan625 梳子comb626 洞顶roof627 任意性randomicity628 淤填warping629 摆度runout630 固化剂consolidator631 调速器actiyator632 水下tremie633 供水watersupply634 凹角nook636 暗渠underdrain637 岬角headland638 栅条paling639 分解-协调decomposition-coordination640 薄壁thin-plate661 防冰deice662 闸门watergate663 围垦innings664 防洪flood-protection665 驳岸revetment666 水力发电的hydroelectric667 热那亚genoa668 小潮的neap669 底板bedplate670 趸船pontoon671 不平整度unevenness672 气囊gasbags673 可能最大降水pmp674 退水闸escape675 消力池stiller676 抗震seismic-resistance677 苜蓿medic679 冰碛土moraine680 剥落desquamate681 哈丁hardin682 挖除excavation683 修船坞dock684 挖槽channeling685 破碎crumbled686 土体soil-body687 块度lumpiness688 铺砌paving689 松散地loose690 过量开采overexploitation691 山洪freshet692 堤上breakwaters693 吊点steeves694 失事wreckage695 树篱hedgerow696 耐腐蚀corrosion-proof697 涌水outgush698 暴雨雨水stormwater699 希尔兹shields700 护脚banket701 涌浪surging702 软弱flaccidity703 耐磨abrasion-resisting704 无声noiseless705 埋置embedment706 边线sideline708 高压high-press709 边壁sidewall710 水泵-水轮机pump-turbine 711 格室cancellus712 船坞boatyard713 输水管aqueduct714 有用性serviceability 715 曝气装置aerator716 跨接jumper717 磨工grinder718 析出物educt719 锚固anchor-bolting 720 抛物线parabola-shape 721 破碎slacking722 抛石enrockment723 吸气aspiration724 危房dilapidated726 拍打flapping727 板石slabstone728 无粘性incohesive729 木排raft730 微膨胀microexpanded 731 水位water-table732 上标shangbiao733 污物feculence734 削paring735 门洞doorway736 水气hydrosphere737 排水管drainpipes738 软弱flabbiness739 危岩crag740 险滩rapids741 自动化automized742 紊流turbulent-flow743 盆bowl744 水准点benchmarks745 流水槽flume746 棱柱形prismatic747 凸榫tenon748 比较方案alternative749 四面体tetrahedroid750 入流inflowing751 拖运haulage752 自振autooscillation754 三角形trigon755 水压机hydropress756 獾badger758 轮叶vane759 边界层的boundary layer760 水位过程线hydrograph761 水文测验hydrometry764 水文的hydrologic765 涝灾waterlog766 水文气象hydrometeor767 凝结coagulate768 衔接linkup769 砂坑sandpit770 细观meso-mechanics772 沙坝sandbank773 凝结体concretion774 拦门沙sandbar775 固化firming776 硬土层hardpan777 疏thinned778 吊桶bucket779 优先的preferred780 电站厂房powerhouses781 横向流crossflow782 导管tremie783 河弯meander784 河道渠化canalization785 河间地块massife786 倒垂的inverted787 逸散dissipation788 滑道launchway789 溢洪道floodway790 挡浪板breakwater791 过速overspeed792 地基fondation793 指挥部headquarter794 应力-应变-强度stress-strain-strength795 航道channal796 索赔claimer797 含氯度chlorinity798 多重multiple-level799 恶劣的wicked800 特大heaviest801 势能化potentialization802 分期installments 803 分区subzone 805 折向器deflector 806 首部header807 闸板shutter808 淘空scouring 809 粘结nonbond 810 整编reorganize 811 淤填silting812 整装equip813 定界demarkation 814 给水栓hydrant 815 输水道conduit 816 断裂abruption 817 浮动relocatable 818 辐射radiantly 819 振动的vibrant820 预浸presoak 821 坦帕tampa822 筑堤diking823 通风孔vent824 插板flashboard 825 掺和admix826 掺合admixing827 成洞cavitation828 搅拌机blender829 搅拌paddling830 蓄能电站powerstation831 沉沙desanding832 接力器servomotors833 砍伐chop834 水流道passageways835 科学态度scientism836 井塔headframe837 测力计ergometer838 转折点kickpoint839 缺额shortage840 新建new-build841 草土sward842 畸形freak843 一次one-through844 恢复能力recoverability845 回填料backfill846 黄土地区loessland847 移置transposition848 大连talien849 渠道化channelization850 火山灰trass851 大洪水deluge852 冲流swash853 冲刷后scoured854 充裕abundance856 江边riverside857 渗入inleakage858 吃水深度draft859 架柱trestle。
常用西班牙语单词与句子(汉语音译)
常用西班牙语单词与句子（音译）一、生活类单词1、你好hola-----噢啦2、收费站peaje-----贝阿嘿3、超市supermercado---苏贝日每日卡多4、银行banco----半刻5、厕所bano----八你哟6、宾馆hotel------欧得日7、饭店hotel/Restaurante------欧得日/得丝大屋兰德8、护照pasaporte-----巴萨博日德9、驾照paper conductor------巴贝日共度可多日（巴贝日，多古闷多都可指车证，驾驶证）10、矿泉水agua----阿古啊11、吃饭comer-----国每日12、芬达fenta-----芬达13、涅方niefang14、欧亚拉oyala15、波隆多bolondo16、今天hoy----欧意17、昨天ayer-----啊也18、明天manana----玛尼安娜19、上午por la Manama------博日拉玛尼安娜20、下午por la tarde----博日拉大日德21、工作（没有工作）trabajo/no trabajo----得喇叭货22、睡觉dormir----多日米日23、机场aeropuerto----啊诶落不诶日多24、乌东德utonde25、鱼pescado---别死卡多26、虾langostino/camaron---揽过死体诺/卡马龙27、猪肉carne de cerdo----卡呢德赛日多28、猪尾巴cola de cerdo---可拉德赛日多29、猪蹄子pato de cerdo ---爬多德赛日多30、牛肉carne de res----卡呢德列斯31、鸡肉pollo----博哟32、鸡翅ala de pollo-------阿拉德博哟33、鸡腿pato de pollo------巴多德博哟34、鸡爪35、鸡蛋huevo-----乌诶波36、大grande-----个兰得37、小pequeno-----贝给你哟38、长largo-----拉日国39、短corto-----国日多40、高alto------阿日多41、矮bajo------巴活42、很多mucho------木cho43、比较少poco-----博客44、的士taxi----达克斯45、好bueno/bien----不诶诺/便46、不好malo/mal-----马洛/马47、是的si----四48、明白comprendo/entiendo-----公布冷多/应点多49、不明白no comprendo----诺公布冷多50、漂亮guapa----挂怕51、小费propina----不罗比娜52、警察policia-----魄力西亚53、警察局oficina de policia-----哦粉吸纳德-魄力西亚54、大兵soldado-----所日大多55、交警policia de trafico------魄力西亚德的拉菲可56、司机conductor---共度可多日57、领导jefe---黑飞58、电话卡tarjeta Telefonica---达日黑大得了佛你卡59、香蕉platano----不拉达诺60、苹果manzana----满萨那61、橘子naranja---那难哈62、锁（开锁、锁上）cerrar----色日啦日63、钥匙llave---里呀别64、水桶cubo---古博65、脸盆jofaina----哦法伊娜66、拖把trapeador-----得啦别啊多67、手套guante----冠德68、一uno69、二dos70、三tres71、四cuatro72、五cinco73、六seis74、七siete75、八ocho76、九nueve78、十diez79、一百（五百）cien(quinientos)80、一千mil----米R81、一万diez mil----跌死米R82、两万veinte mil-----笨得米R83、五万cincuenta mil-----森个文大米R84、十万cien mil---色恩米R85、星期一lunes----路内四86、星期二martes----马R得死87、星期三miercoles---米诶R 可内丝88、星期四jueves----胡诶贝斯89、星期五viernes---憋R内丝90、星期六sabado----撒吧多91、星期日domingo----多名过92、一月enero----嗯呢罗93、二月febrero—肺部咧罗94、三月marzo----骂R所95、四月abril----啊不理R96、五月mayo---妈哟97、六月junio-----胡你哟98、七月julio—护里哟99、八月agosto---阿国四朵100、九月septiembre----色不点不列101、十月octubre----欧克杜不列102、十一月noviembre103、十二月diciembre104、1点(a) la una----拉吴娜105、2点(a)las dos---拉四多死106、3点(a)las tres----拉四得了四107、4点108、5点109、6点110、7点111、8点112、9点113、10点114、11点115、12点116、13点la una de la tarde---拉吴娜德拉打R的117、14点…. de la tarde------。
中文 西班牙文 英文工程词汇 水工
168 导水锥 169 悬空高度 170 坝身孔口泄流 171 冲沙闸 172 立交建筑物 173 厂前挑流式厂房 174 前池 175 安全超高 176 无压隧洞 177 冻胀力 178 自溃坝 179 坝内廊道系统 180 主机间 181 机墩 182 发电机层 183 水工建筑物级别 184 重力拱坝 185 重力坝 186 重力式挡土墙 187 闸槛 188 灌浆廊道 189 导航建筑物 190 水泵并联扬程曲线 191 水泵串联扬程曲线 192 挡水墙 193 引水系统建筑物
counterfort retaining wall crane runway girder cresent-rib reinforced wye piece crest overflowing crest overflowing orifice crossing structures cross-section area of oscillating stability crown cantilever culvert culvert support culvert under canal culvert-type sluice curtain grouting curved sedimentation basin cushion of replaced soil cut-off collar cutoff trench cylindrical surge chamber daily regulation pond dam dam axis dam base dam crest dam heel dam height dam monolith dam toe dam type hydroelectric station dam-embedded penstock dam abutment dam slope deep water intake differential surge chamber dike diversion ratio diversion ratio of sediment diversion sluice diversion tunnel divide dike double curvature arch aqueduct double curvature arch dam double dike lock
水利水文术语表 中英对照
水圈 hydrosphere水体 water body水科学 water science水文学 hydrology陆地水文学 land hydrology应用水文学 applied hydrology工程水文学 engineering hydrology水汽 water vapour水文要素 hydrologic elements积雪 snow cover终雪 latest snow融雪 snowmelt冰雹 hail截留 interception填洼 depression detention地面滞留 surface detention陆面蒸发 evaporation of land水面蒸发 evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发 evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾） transpiration蒸发能力 evaporation capability下渗（入渗） infiltration 稳渗 steady infiltration下渗能力 infiltration capability 河川径流 river runoff降雨径流 rainfall runoff暴雨径流 storm runoff融雪径流 snowmelt runoff枯季径流 dry season runoff基流 base flow阴塞高压 blocking high低空急流 low－level jet低涡 vortex反气旋（高压） anticyclone气旋（低压） cyclone热带气旋 tropic cyclone热带低压 tropic depression热带风暴 tropic storm强热带风暴 severe tropic storm气团 air mass锋（锋面） front气象 meteorology气候区划 climatic regionalization 气候带 climatic zone小气候 microclimate副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone比湿 specific humidity蒲福风级 Beaufort wind scale霜点 frost point霜冻 frostbite无霜期 frost－free period流域 watershed (basin)闭合流域 enclosed basin不闭合流域 non－enclosed basin闭流区（流区） bling drainage area分水线（分水岭） divide流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics河道复流（河道再生） resurgence常年河 perennial stream间歇河 intermittent stream悬河（地上河） elevated stream夺流河（断头河） captured river盈水河 gaining stream亏水河 losing stream暴洪河流 flashy stream 界河 boundary river废河道（古河道） dead river凹岸 concave bank凸岸 convex bank岸壁 land wall水边线（岸线） water line堤防 levee河长 river length河弯 river bend弯曲率 tortuosity航道 navigable channel河段 reach潜洲 submerged bar水利学 hydraulics明渠水力学 open channel hydraulics 水静力学 hydrostatics水动力学 hydrodynamics明渠水流 open channel flow恒定流 steady flow非恒定流 unsteady flow均匀流（等速流） uniform flow非均匀流（变速流） non－uniform flow急流 supercritical flow缓流 subcritical flow异重流 density current临界流 critical flow临界水深 critical depth临界流速 critical velocity临界流量 critical discharge水头 head位置水头（位能） elevation head 低强水头（压能） pressure head 流速水头（动能） velocity head 雷诺数 Reymold number韦伯数 Weber number水力因素 hydraulic factor湿周 wetted perimeter水力半径 hydraulic radius宽深比 width－depth ratio落差 fall驻波 standing wave移动波 translation wave河流动力学 river dynamics山洪侵蚀 torrential erosion 流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield溶解性总固体 total dissolved solids离子含量 ion concentration离子总量 total ion concentration离子流量 ion discharge矿化度 mineral content盐度 salinity碱度 alkalinity酸度 acidity电导率 electric conductivity混浊度（浊度） turbidity总需氧量 total oxygen demand溶解氧 dissolved oxygen需氧量 oxygen demand生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量 chemical oxygen demand硬度 hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度） non－carbonate hardness浮冰 floating ice锚冰 anchor ice封冻期 freeze－up period封冻（封河） freeze－up平封 flat freeze－up立封 upright freeze－up冰盖 ice cover连底冻 grounded ice cover冰丘 ice mound封冻冰缘 ice edge of freeze－up清沟 lead初生清沟 primary lead再生清沟 secondary lead冰花路毡 sludge road felt冰上覆雪 snow cover over ice冰脊 ice ridge冰缝 crack悬冰 suspended ice cover冰堆 ice pack冰塞 ice jam冰上结冰 aufeis解冻期 break－up period冰变色 color change of ice cover冰上有水 accumulation of melt water 月中天 lunar transit 引潮力 tidal generation force天文潮 astronomic tide气象潮 metorologic tide潮汐周期 tidal cycle半日潮 semidiurnal tide全日潮 diurnal tide混合潮 mixed tide大潮 spring tide小潮 neap tide中潮 moderate tide太阴月 lunar day潮期 duration of tide涨潮历时 duration of tidal rise 落潮历时 duration of tidal fall 潮流 tidal current涨潮流 flood tidal current落潮流 ebb tidal current憩流 slack tide潮流速 tidal velocity往复流 reversing current旋转流 rotary current潮流期 duration of tidal current涨潮流历时 duration of flood current地下水流速 velocity of groundwater flow 地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图 water－table contour map含水层 aquifer含水岩系 water－content rock series含水岩组 water－content rock formation 含水岩性 water－content rock property 含水介质 water－hearing medium均匀介质 homogeneous medium非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium含水层边界 aquifer boundary透水边界 permeable boundary隔水边界 confining boundary弱透水边界 acquitted boundary透水层 permeable bed隔水层 confining bed弱透水层 acquitter水文地质参数 hydrogeological parameters 渗透系数 permeability coefficient 导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数 storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity 压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度 water－holding capacity土壤水分常数 soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数 absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数 wilting coefficient田间持水量 field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture 最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法 zero flux plane method潜水 phreatic water降水入渗补给 precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给 surface water recharge凝结水补给 condensation recharge侧向补给 lateral recharge越流补给 leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发 phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量 phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位 phreatic water level潜水埋深 buried depth of phreatic water level潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer流湖 endorheic lake淡水湖 fresh lake咸水湖 salt lake盐湖 saline lake季节性湖泊 seasonal lake富营养湖泊 eutrophic lake 贫营养湖泊 poornutrient lake湖流 lake current梯度流 gradient current漂流 current of friction湖泊波漾（假湖） lake seiche湖泊增减水 lake wind denivellation湖泊率 lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期 lake residence period湖盆 lake basin湖面高程 elevation of water level in lake 岛屿率 insulosity湖泊分层 lake layering正温层 direct thermal stratification逆温层 inverse thermal stratification 湖泊形态参数 morphometric parameter of lake高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽） main level mire 中位沼泽（中营养沼泽） medium level mire 沼泽水量平衡 water balance of mire沼泽水 mire water沼泽蒸发 mire evaporation沼泽径流 mire runoff沼泽表面流 surface flow of mire沼泽表层流 surface layer flow of mire 沼泽含水性 moisture property of mire沼泽持水性 water retention of mire沼泽透水性 perviousness of mire沼泽率 mire ratio冰川 glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川） mountain glacier 谷冰川 valley glacier宽尾冰川 broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川 cirque glacier悬冰川 hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川） penetrating glacier 冰原 ice field冰川平衡线 equilibrium line of glacier 委托观测 entrust gauging水文仪器 hydrologic instrument直读仪器 direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument 遥测仪器 remote telemetry unit固态存贮器 solid storage计数器 counter记录器 recorder显示器 display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures相应水位 equivalent stage水文测站 hydrometric station基本站 basic station辅助站 auxiliary station专用站 special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station基准水文站 bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站 hydrometeorology station巡测站 tour gauging station水文站 gauging station雨量站网 rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网 stage gauging network泥沙站网 sediment gauging network水质站网 water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network站网规划 hydrologic network planning水文分区 hydrologic regionalization站网布设 network layout容许最稀站网 minimum network设站年限 station required age基面 datum临时水准点 temporary benchmark测验断面 measuring cross－section基本水尺断面 basic gauge cross－section 流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section 浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道 hydrometric cableway悬索缆道 suspended cableway悬杆缆道 suspended rod cableway机动缆道 motorized cableway手动缆道 hand－operating cableway循环索 loop cable起重索 suspension cable水文缆车 hydrometric cable car吊船过河索 cableway for anchoring boat 缆道测验仪 cableway measuring device 水文测船 hydrometric boat水文测桥 hydrometric bridge桥测车 gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry雨量器 raingauge承水器 raingauge receiver量杯 measuring glass渠积雨量器 accumulative raingauge雨量计 rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计 siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计 long－term rainfall recorder 遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar雪量线 snow gauge雨雪量计 rain and snow recorder蒸发量 evaporation蒸发量观测 evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation遮挡率 screen ratio蒸发器 evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿） small evaporation panE－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器 floating evaporation pan蒸发计 evaporimeter遇测蒸发计 telemetering evaporimeter 钩形水尺 hook gauge最高水位水尺 crest stage gauge校核水尺 check gauge基本水尺断面 basic gauge辅助水尺断面 auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面 slope gauge临时水尺 temporary gauge水位计 stage gauge自记水位计 stage recorder浮子式水位计 float－type stage recorder 压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder超声波水位计 ultrasonic stage recorder 遥测水位计 telemetering stage recorder 接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计 telecontrol stage recorder 自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井 stilling well测得水深 measured depth有效水深 effective depth相对水深 relative depth断面平均水深 mean depth at a cross－section干绳改正 air line correction湿绳改正 wet line correction测点流速 velocity measurement测速垂线 surface velocity水面流速 velocity at a point测点流速 maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速 mean velocity at a vertical 部分平均流速 mean velocity at a segment 断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速 point velocity coefficient中泓流速 surface velocity coefficient流速分布 velocity distribution流速梯度 velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流 downstream flow逆流 upstream flow流速脉动 velocity pulsation中泓流速 midstream流向测量 flow－direction measurement体积法 cubature流速仪 current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪 cup－type current－meter 旋桨式流速仪 propeller－type current－meter电波流速仪 electric wave current－meter 超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current－meter多普勒流速仪 Doppler current－meter参证流速仪 reference current－meter流量计 flow meter文杜里水流计 Venturi flow meter毕托管 Pitot tube流速仪检定 current－meter calibration 检定槽 calibration tank检定车 calibration carriage水面浮标 surface float小浮标 small float双浮标 double float浮杆 float－rod堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest堰顶水头 weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure 闸门开启高度 gate opening行近河槽 approach channel行近流速 approach velocity堰流 weir flow流态 flow regime自由流 free flow淹没流 submerged flow半淹没流 half－submerged flow孔流 sluice flow射流 jet flow 淹没比 submergence ratio淹没系数 submergence coefficient流速系数 velocity coefficient流量系数 discharge coefficient稀释法测流 dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂 tracer标准溶液 standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution稀释比 dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法 sampling method坑测法 pit method沙波法 dune tracking method床沙测验 bed material measurement照相法 photographic method打印法 stamp pad method床沙采样器 bed material sampler悬移质采样器 suspended sediment sampler 瞬时式采样器 instantaneous sampler积时式采样器 time－integrating sampler 瓶式采样器 bottled sampler皮囊式采样器 collapsible sample泵式采样器 pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter 推移质采样器 bed load sampler网式采样器 basket－type sampler吸管 pipet光电颗分仪 photoelectric particle size meter比重计（密度计） hydrometer泥沙沉降 sediment settling沉降速度 settling velocity 平均沉速 mean settling velocity絮凝 flocculation反凝剂 defloeculant粒径 particle diameter中数粒径 median particle diameter平均粒径 mean particle diameter等容粒径 nominal diameter投影粒径 projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径 sieve diameter沉降粒径 settling diameter粒径组 fraction of particle size颗粒级配 grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线 grain－size distribution curve单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution 垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in avertical对照断面 check cross－section控制断面 control cross－section消减断面 attenuation cross－section水样保存 water－sample preservation检出率 detected ratio超标率 over－limit ratio痕迹量 trace未检出 nonreadout回收率 recovery ratio溶解气体采样器 dissolved gases sampler 冰情观测 ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement 冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号 ice code冰情图 ice－regime charta初冰日期 first－ice date封冰日期 freeze－up date解冻日期 break－up date终冰日期 end ice date 封冻历时 freeze－up duration水浸冰厚 thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽 open－water width冰流量 ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差 significant tidal range负波高 negative wave height水库水文测验 hygrometry of reservoir入库水量 reservoir inflow出库水量 reservoir outflow水库供水 reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir 水库渗漏量 reservoir seepage volume水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率 rate of reservoir storage change坝上水位 stage behind dam库区水位 stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法 method of topographic survey断面法 method of cross－section survey 淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition淤积三角洲 sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology代表流域 representative basin实验流域 experimental basin相似流域 similar basin径流实验研究 experimental research in runoff径流场 runoff plot人工降雨装置 artificial rainfall device 蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation蒸发池 evaporation tank土壤蒸发器 soil evaporator蒸散器 evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器 evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪 lysimeter地下水均衡场 groundwater balance plot 合理性检查 rational examination电算整编 processing by computer水文年鉴 water year－book测站考证 station examination站年 station year极值 extreme value加权平均法 weighted mean method断流水位 stage of zero flow河干 river of zero flow水文过程线 hydrograph水文综合过程线 synthetic hydrograph等值线 isopleth分布曲线 distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value径流总量 total runoff径流模数 runoff modulus径流系数 runoff coefficient洪峰 flood peak洪水流量 peak discharge洪水总量 flood volume输沙模数 modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系 stage－discharge relation 连时序法 chronological method绳套曲线 loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method潮汐要素法 tidal factor relation method 定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method 合轴相关法 coaxial correlation method 一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系 single－valued processing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长 extension of relation curve 流率表 rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation 单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法 hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法 hydrograph method of index sediment concentration真值 true value测量值（实测值） measured value最或然值 most probable value绝对误差 absolute error相对误差 relative error插机误差（偶然误差） random error允许误差 permissible error伪误差（粗差） spurious方差 variance标准差 standard deviation相对标准差 relative standard deviation 离差（偏差） deviation闭合差 closure error平差 adjustment精密度 precision准确度 correctness垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error分布式数据库 distributed type data base 集中式数据库 concentrated type data base 网络式数据库 network type data base层次数据库 laminarization data base层次数据模型 laminarization data model 网状数据模型 network data model数据量 data bulk 结点 node水文数据库 hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报 hydrologic firecasting of lake施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period潮汐预报 tidal prediction旱情预报 soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期 forecast lead time超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting作业预报 operational forecasting预报方案 forecast scheme评定标准 accuracy standard方案合格率 qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数 deterministic coefficient汛 seasonal flood伏汛 summer flood汛期 flood season防汛 flood defence报汛站 flood－reporting station报汛站网 flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station 汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network 洪水警报 flood warning点雨量 point rainfall面雨量 areal rainfall泰森多边形 Thiessen polygon等雨量线法 isohyetal method产流 runoff yield蓄满产流 runoff yield at natural storage 超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration 产流面积 area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流） direct runoff地面流（坡面流） surface flow of mire 壤中流 prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量 antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量 soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve初损 initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流 overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration地下汇流 groundwater flow concentration 汇流曲线 flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线 basin flow concentration curve坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve 地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间 basin flow concentration time洪峰滞时 peak time lag流域滞时 basin time lag等流滞时 isochrone单位线 unit hydrograph经验单位线 empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线 synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph坡地单位线 slope unit hydrograph河网单位线 river network unit hydrograph S－曲线 S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph退水曲线 recession curve水文模型 hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型 scale model比拟模型 analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model分散式模型 distributed model集总式模型 lumped model线性水温模型 linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型 time－variant hydrologic model流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构 model structure模型参数 model parameter模型误差 model error模型率定 model calibration模型检验 model verification水文模拟 hydrologic simulation遥测终端机 telemetry terminal meter中继机 relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统 self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统 mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率 probability of word error接受率 receiving probability设计站 design station设计流域 design watershed 代表站 representative station参证站 bench－mark station典型年（代表年） typicyear水文系列 hydrologic series同步系列 synchronous series系列代表性 series representativeness柱状图 histogram诺谟图 monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation 水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation below reservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood感潮河段水力计算 hydraulic calculation for tidal reach样本容量 sample size随机变量 random variable随机系列 random series累计频率（频率） cumulative frequency 经验频率 empirical frequency水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve 皮尔逊分布 Pearson distribution对数正态分布 log normal distribution频率分析 frequency analysis随机模拟 stochastic simulation时间序列 time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis趋势项 trend term周期项 cycle term随机项 stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析） harmonic analysis 潜分析 spectrum analysis回归分析（相关分析） regression analysis 相关系数 correlation coefficient自回归分析 autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水 design flood溢洪道设计洪水 spillway design flood分期设计洪水 stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period校核洪水 check flood实测洪水 observed flood调查洪水 investigated flood古洪水 paleoflood坝址洪水 dam－site flood入库洪水 reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年分配 annual distribution of runoff 径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期 high－water period平水期 normal－water period枯水期（枯季） low－flow period丰水年 wet year平水年（中水年） normal year枯水年 dry year特枯水年 extraordinary dry year连续丰水年 continuous wet years连续枯水年 continuous dry years水文年鉴 water year设计雨型 design storm pattern暴雨路径 storm track暴雨时程分配 time distribution of storm 暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线 storm parametric isoline map点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient定点定面关系fixed point－fixed area relationship可能最大露点 probable maximum dew point 暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction流域形状改正 watershed shape correction 水汽改正 moisture correction入流障碍改正 inflow obstacle correction 综合改正 synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法 isopercental method可能最大洪水 probable maximum flood涝 surface water logging渍 subsurface waterlogging排涝 surface waterlogging control排渍 subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划 waterlogging control planning 排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量 design drainage discharge of subsurface waterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage 水荒 water famine水资源评价 water resources assessment 水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价 water quantity assessment水质评价 water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment 水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount地下水资源量groundwater resources amount可利用量 utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield可供水量 available water supply径流调节 runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪 reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply 水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节 reregulating reservoir水库群调节 multi－reservoir regulation 径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法） chronological series method概率法（数理统计法） probability method 随机模拟法 stochastic simulation method 调节周期 regulating period目标函数 objective function约束方程 constraint equation状态变量 state variable决策变量 decision variable数学规划 mathematic programming线性规划 linear programming非线性规划 nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir 水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling水库群调度 multi－reservoir scheduling 水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast 抽水蓄能 pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境 water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统 aquatic ecosystem 化学径流 chemical runoff环境用水 environmental water环境水文学 environmental hydrology环境水力学 environmental hydraulics环境水化学 environmental hydrochemistry 地下水超量开采 groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌） artificial recharge 地下水降落漏斗 groundwater depression cone化学水污染 chemical water pollution无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances 有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances 有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染 thermal pollution生物水污染 water pollution by organism 富营养化 eutrophication次生水污染 secondary water pollution地下水污染 groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution污染物 pollutant污染物迁移 transport of pollutant机械迁移 physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源 artificial pollution source 天然污染源 natural pollution source污染源调查 investigation of pollution sources污染源控制 pollution source control水质参数 water quality parameters水质模型 water quality model水温模型 water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality 水环境效益 water environmental effect 水污染环境效应 environmental effect of water pollution水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划 water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control 水源保护区protection zone of water source蒸发 evaporation水位 stage流速 velocity流量 discharge含沙量 sediment concentration输沙率 sediment discharge水温模型 water temperature冰凌 ice run水质 water quality下垫面 underlying surface水文情势 hydrologic regime水文效应 hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环） hydrologic cycle水量平衡 water balance热量平衡 heat balance盐量平衡 salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport水汽输送通量 atmospheric water vapour flux降雨面积 rainfall area降雨分布 rainfall distribution暴雨洪水 storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯） ice flood冰雪洪水 ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水 rain and snowmelt flood山洪 flash flood溃坝洪水 dam－break flood 大气环流 atmospheric circulation行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather风暴潮 storm surge风暴中心 storm center西风槽 westerly trough东风波 easterly wave低压槽 trough高压脊 ridge副热带高压 subtropic high温带 extratropic zone寒带 frigid zone季风 monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plum rains阵雨 showery rain地形雨 aerographic rain热带气旋雨 rainfall in tropic cyclone 卫星云图 satellite cloud picture气压（大气压强） atmospheric pressure 海平面气压 sea－level pressure湿球温度 wet－bulb temperature水汽压 vapour pressure饱和水汽压 saturation vapour pressure 绝对湿度 absolute humidity相对湿度 relative humidity饱和差 saturation deficit流域长度 basin length流域平均高程 basin elevation mean流域平均宽度 basin width mean流域平均坡度 basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率 growth ratio of drainage area流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristics of basin 水系（河系） hydrographic net人工河网 artificial drainage network河网密度 drainage density明渠 open channel headwaters冲沟 gully溪流 brook分支 fork串沟 bifurcation channel外流河 exoreic river陆河 endothecia river减河 relief channel控制河段 control reach顺流河段 straight reach弯曲河段 bent reach扩散河段 expanding reach收缩河段 converging reach游荡河段 wandering reach感潮河段 tidal reach裁弯河段 channel cutoff稳定河槽 stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽） unstable channel 主槽 main channel单式河槽 single channel复式河槽 compound channel河道横断面 river cross－section河道纵断面 river longitudinal profile 断面特性 cross－section characteristics 河床形态 channel morphology浅滩 thoal急潭 cataract河漫滩 flood plain江心湖 channel island有效水头 effective head水头损失 head loss沿程水头损失 frictional head loss局部水头损失 local head loss能面比降 energy slope水面比降 surface slope摩阻比降 friction slope附加比降（加速比降） add slope河道比降（河床比降） channel slope水面横比降transverse slope of water surface倒比降 inverse slope总水头线 total head line水面线 water surface profile糙率 roughness 才系数 Chezy coefficient才公式 Chezy formula曼宁公式 Manning formula输水因数（输水率） conveyance factor水跃 hydraulic jump水舌 nappe回水曲线（壅水曲线） hackwater curve弗汝德数 Froude number悬移质 suspended load推移质 bed load床沙 bed material床沙质 bed material load冲泻质 wash load河流泥沙运动 sediment transport in river 泥沙起动 incipient motion of sediment 起动流速 competent velocity造床流址 dominant discharge泥沙密度 density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hypereoncentration of sediment 泥石流 debris flow水流挟沙能力。
水利水电土建西班牙语词汇
水利水电词汇电站central f.水力发电厂planta hidráulica变电站subestación, subcentral发电generar, producir electricidad 流量caudal河床lecho del río枢纽punto clave大坝dique, presa弧形arco闸门compuerta水轮机turbina hidráulica轴流式水轮机turbina de flujo axial 混流式水轮机turbina mixta反击式水轮机turbina de reacción冲击式水轮机turbina de impulsión 型号modelo参数parámetro变压器transformador轴eje轴承cojinete直径diámetro 轮叶aspas发电机generador电压voltaje, tensión电流corriente eléctrica功率potencia电阻resistencia阻抗impetancia电感inductancia电容capacitancia电容器condensador电流表amperímetro电压表voltímetro吊车grúa管路tubo, conducto栅empalizada开关interruptor隔离开关interruptor aislado闸刀开关interruptor de cuchilla 断路器cortador检测supervisar, monitorizar 避雷针pararrayos电源fuente de alimentación 结构图organigrama电路circuito集成电路circuito integrado回路bucle短路cortocircuito效率eficiencia磁铁imán磁magnetismo电磁的electromagnético弹簧muelle线圈/绕组bobina匝espila调节ajustar继电器relé热继电器relétérmico时间继电器reléde tiempo继电保护protección relevadora 相互关系，相互作用reciprocidad 气态的gaseoso汽油gasoleno交点intersección 导线alambre绝缘aislamiento绝缘体aislante电缆cable eléctrico插座enchufe维护mantenimiento抽象的abstracto横剖面sección transversal纵剖面sección longitudinal蜗壳concha尾水agua de cola用户usuario图cuadro,gráfico,diagrama 串联conexión en serie并联conexión en paralelo电荷electrón电极electrodo分子molécula电工electricista电网sistema eléctrico电弧arco eléctrico向量/矢量vector垂直的perpendicular, vertical 平行的paralelo感光的fotosensible坐标coordenada横坐标abscisa纵坐标ordenada横线horizontal曲线curva线段segmento折线quebrada平行四边形paralelogramo对称的simétrico不对称的asimétrico函数función几何geometría接力器servomotor活塞pistón一次设备equipo primario二次设备equipo secundario测量仪器instrumentos de medida 截面sección装置dispositivo 原线圈bobina original副线圈vice-bobina空载carga vacía误差error额定电压voltaje nominal电容式capacitivo熔断器fusible三相trifase铁芯núcleo de hierro 粉碎机trituradora按钮pulsador套管（变压器）borne风扇ventilador 储油盒depósito de aceite母线barra colectora铝aluminio零序secuencia cero正序secuencia positiva负序secuencia negativa后备的supletorio晶体管transistor焊接soldar熔化fundir座环corona硬度dureza耐久性durabilidad脉冲impulso法兰pesta?a剪断销pestillo导水机构conductor hidráulico立轴eje logitudinal卧轴eje transversal导叶杆barra de aspa连杆enlace空心的hueco膨胀espansión密封hermeticidad, hermético adj. 磨损desgastar, desgaste m.摩擦系数coeficiente de fricción弹性elasticidad振荡<电> oscilación, vibración补气inflar, inflado m.橡胶垫圈retén沸腾ebullición 汽化vaporizar空蚀corrosión de aire空化机理mecanismo de cavitación水锤martillos de aguas氧化oxidar冲击，撞击esbestir划痕huella微粒partícula穿孔perforar光泽brillo, glaseado adj.泄露fuga f.尖利的aguzado惯性inercia电气的eléctrico干扰estorbar涡旋vórtice稳定性estabilidad不稳定性inestabilidad压缩comprimir严重化engravecer介质medio发电部departamento de generación流动性fluidez粘滞性viscosidad相位差desfase转速velocidad giratoria飞逸转速velocidad huida直角坐标coordenadas rectilíneas 矩形rectángulo反馈realimentación调速器regulador de velocidad 励磁excitación励磁起励excitación inicial浮充态estado de carga flotante 均充态estado de carga máxima 硫化vulcanización硫化物sulfuro集水井pozo de almacenamiento 分离器separador储气罐tanque del gas消防室cámara por incendio高程escalón冲洗池fregadero厂房taller 双投开关inversor复归reponerse气压机compresor de aire消防水泵bomba para incendio风机ventilador消毒desinfectar连片conectar开关操作把手contactor验电器electroscopio验电笔busca-polo电动势potencial electrodinámico 电枢反应reacción de inducido外径diámetro externo整流型rectificador强度intensidad转换器conmutador气态estado gaseoso模拟信号se?al simulada数字信号se?al digital水银温度计termómetro de mercurio 集气瓶recipiente槽pesebre汛期temporada de crecida推力轴承cojinete de presión过滤器filtrador, filtro空气冷却器radiador de aire停电apagón阀门válvula逆止阀válvula contra inversión蝴蝶阀válvula de mariposa盘型阀válvula de plato备用阀válvula de reserva阀组grupo de válvulas轴瓦forro de eje弹性elasticidad排污suspilo, descarga水池algibe风闸cerrodo杂质impureza集油槽depósito de almacenamiento del aceite压油罐depósito de aceite de presión 浮子flotador通气孔agujero de ventilación 消火栓manguera示波管osciloscopio示波器oscilógrafo分瓣键pasador（大锤）击mazobear大锤mazo套筒manguito链条polea防水的impermeable数据处理procesamiento de datos传感器sensor <工> transductor <电>互感器inductancia mutua酸值índice de ácido硅胶gel de sílice粘度viscosidad乳化emulsión乳化剂agentes emulsificantes再生器regenerador手轮volante取样muestreo火线alambre cargado零线alambre neutral中和neutralizar导电性conductibilidad 腐蚀corroer老化envejecimiento 有机orgánico沉淀precipitación氢氧化物hidróxido厚度espesor呼吸器respirador吸附剂adsorbente防腐剂conservador饱和saturación单相的monofásico三相的trifásico不锈钢acero inosidable 萃取extracción提纯purificación蒸馏水agua destilada 甘油glicerina外壳caparazón纤维fibra比色计colorímetro 异步电动机motor asincrónico步进电动机motor de avance gradual 电抗reactancia锈herrumbre裂痕raja变阻器reóstato膜película水溶性的hidrosoluble渗漏infiltración拧紧apretar巡回ambulante砂眼poro脱落desprenderse凸轮leva潜水泵bomba de buceo油污mugre耐压aguante摇表megóhmetro屏蔽环anillo apantallado铅皮lámina de plomo电站central f.水力发电厂planta hidráulica变电站subestación, subcentral发电generar, producir electricidad 流量caudal河床lecho del río枢纽punto clave大坝dique, represa弧形arco闸门compuerta水轮机turbina hidráulica轴流式水轮机turbina de flujo axial 混流式水轮机turbina mixta反击式水轮机turbina de reacción冲击式水轮机turbina de impulsión 型号modelo参数parámetro变压器transformador轴eje轴承cojinete直径diámetro轮叶aspas发电机generador电压voltaje, tensión 电流corriente eléctrica功率potencia电阻resistencia阻抗impetancia电感inductancia电容capacitancia电容器condensador电流表amperímetro电压表voltímetro吊车grúa管路tubo, conducto栅empalizada开关interruptor隔离开关interruptor aislado闸刀开关interruptor de cuchilla 断路器cortador检测supervisar, monitorizar 避雷针pararrayos电源fuente de alimentación 结构图organigrama电路circuito集成电路circuito integrado回路bucle短路cortocircuito效率eficiencia磁铁imán磁magnetismo电磁的electromagnético弹簧muelle线圈/绕组bobina匝espila调节ajustar继电器relé热继电器relétérmico时间继电器reléde tiempo继电保护protección relevadora 相互关系，相互作用reciprocidad 气态的gaseoso汽油gasoleno交点intersección导线alambre绝缘aislamiento绝缘体aislante电缆cable eléctrico 插座enchufe维护mantenimiento抽象的abstracto横剖面sección transversal纵剖面sección longitudinal蜗壳concha尾水agua de cola用户usuario图cuadro,gráfico,diagrama 串联conexión en serie并联conexión en paralelo电荷electrón电极electrodo分子molécula电工electricista电网sistema eléctrico电弧arco eléctrico向量/矢量vector垂直的perpendicular, vertical 平行的paralelo感光的fotosensible坐标coordenada横坐标abscisa纵坐标ordenada横线horizontal曲线curva线段segmento折线quebrada平行四边形paralelogramo对称的simétrico不对称的asimétrico函数función几何geometría接力器servomotor活塞pistón一次设备equipo primario二次设备equipo secundario测量仪器instrumentos de medida 截面sección装置dispositivo原线圈bobina original副线圈vice-bobina空载carga vacía误差error 额定电压voltaje nominal电容式capacitivo熔断器fusible三相trifase铁芯núcleo de hierro 粉碎机trituradora按钮pulsador套管（变压器）borne风扇ventilador 储油盒depósito de aceite母线barra colectora铝aluminio零序secuencia cero正序secuencia positiva负序secuencia negativa后备的supletorio晶体管transistor焊接soldar熔化fundir座环corona硬度dureza耐久性durabilidad脉冲impulso剪断销pestillo导水机构conductor hidráulico立轴eje logitudinal卧轴eje transversal导叶杆barra de aspa连杆enlace空心的hueco膨胀espansión密封hermeticidad, hermético adj. 磨损desgastar, desgaste m.摩擦系数coeficiente de fricción弹性elasticidad振荡<电> oscilación, vibración补气inflar, inflado m.沸腾ebullición汽化vaporizar空蚀corrosión de aire空化机理mecanismo de cavitación电力工程词汇地回路电流circuito de retorno por tierra控制电路circuito de control选择性电路circuito selectivo ；选择电路circuito selector二次电路circuito secundario；主电路，干线circuito principal；原电路circuito primario；多相电路circuito polifásico；振荡电路circuito oscilante；栅极电路circuito de rejilla；反馈电路circuito de realimentación；闭合电路circuito cerrado；双向电路circuito bifilar；附加电路circuito aplicado；分支电路circuito derivado平行馈电alimentación en paralelo电应力tensión eléctrica ；机械应力tensi ón mecánica相位fase；故障电路avería直流电源red de corriente continúa / fuente alimentadora de C.C；负荷carga额定电压voltaje nominal额定频率frecuencia nominal三相短路cortocircuito trifásico临时停电apagón momentáneo无定向电流，无差电流corriente estática漏（泄）电流，漏流corriente de fuga感应电流，法拉第电流corriente farática电动电流（指稳定的直电流）corriente galv ánica过电压sobretensión相电流corriente de fase零序电压voltaje de secuencia cero频率frecuencia；功率因子factor de potencia电能energía eléctrica额定值valor nominal端电压voltaje del terminal绝缘等级grado de aislamiento 额定次级电流corriente secundaria nominal 额定动态电流corriente dinámica nominal 额定输出exportación nominal停电apagón串联电路circuito en paralelo并联电路circuito en serie感应电路circuito inductivo感应器inductor检波电路circuito detector振荡电路circuito oscilatorio缓冲电容器condensador de absorción耦合电容器condensador de acoplamiento 电容耦合acoplamiento capactivo紧耦合（连接）acomplamiento cerrado弱（松）耦合acomplamiento fluídico电导耦合acomplamiento conductor临界耦合acomplamiento crítico交叉耦合acomplamiento cruzado可变耦合acomplamiento variable交流耦合acomplamiento de corriente alterna直流耦合acomplamiento de corriente continua电感耦合acomplamiento óptico涡流，傅科电流corriente de Fouaut防放电，过电压及牵引回路电流保护系统sistema de protección contra descargas eléctricas, sobretensiones y corriente de tracción de retomo防雷，过电压保护及接地sistema de protección contra royos, sobre tensiones y corriente de retorno a tierra真空断路器disyuntor en vacío自动断路器disyuntor automático双投断路器disyuntor de doble dericción真空接触器contactor en vacío电流互感器transformador (inductancia mutua) de corriente （el CT）电压互感器transformador (inductancia mutua) de tención （el PT）一次和二次熔断器fusible primario ysegundario断电器relé电压调节器regulador de la tensión整流器conmutador / rectificador初级熔断器fusible primario中压开关interruptor de tesión media母线barras colectoras二次侧母线La barra lateral secundaria母线开关el interruptor de barra一次侧绕组devanado(绕组) primario牵引变压器trasformador de tracción电力变压器trasformador de potencia电动隔离开关seccionador eléctrico手动隔离开关seccionador mecánico土建水电词汇Replanteo 放样Limpieza清表debroce 清表（强调植被的清除）Las boras viviles 土建工程Especificaicones tecnicas 技术规范Captaicon del rio 或者toma 取水Area del ambalse 蓄水区域Presa大坝Obras anexas附属工程Area de prestamos 租界区域Areas vecinas 临近区域Taludes边坡Forma de pago支付方式Obras de desvio 倒流工程Excavacion开挖Desvio del rio 河水倒流Desalojo del agua de fundacion 基底排水Cuidado del rio 河流的维护Cierredel tunel隧洞的封堵Tapon de hormigon混凝土堵头Las instalaciones temporales临时设施Ataguia围堰La margen河岸Dique防护墙（导流工程出口处防止倒流水冲击的设施）Desvio definitivo最终倒流Desalojo del auga de fundacion 基底排水Excavacion a cielo abierto 明挖，露天开外Metodologia 方案（监理整天大事小事都要有方案才同意）Dimension 尺寸Asentamiento基础Precaucion预防措施Derrumbe 塌方Erosion 剥蚀Sobre excavacion过度开挖，超挖（隧洞里最怕这个，一旦超挖还要填回去，还要自己承担费用）Empotramiento de la presa 大坝嵌入Voladura爆破Disposicion de materales de excavacion开挖料Entibado支撑Ancelaje ，peno锚杆Barra de anclaje 锚铁棒Anclage postensado 后拉紧锚索Red metalica,malla metalica金属网，钢网Hormigon lanzado喷混凝土Seccion con entibado支撑面Gavion石笼Enrocado堆石Enrocado hormigonado 混凝土堆石Preconsolidacion 预先固结Tratamiento superficail表面处理Acabado del hormigon 混凝土收尾Cuirado养护Juntas impermeable 防水连接Inferferencia entre obras 工程妨碍Control de voladura 爆破控制Iluminacion 照明Ventilacion通风Drenaje排水Ruido噪音Explosivo爆破物Tunel 坑道Pozo矿井TBM隧道挖掘机Tunel para construccion施工通道Perforacion 钻井Perforaciones para drenaje排水钻井Perforacion prar inyeccion 灌浆钻井Evacuacion del agua en daleria巷道排水Evacuacion del agua en pozo 矿井排水Captacion de filtraciones e impermeabilzacion 防水渗漏系统Cemento 水泥Tipo de cemento 水泥，水泥标号Trasporte 运输Almacenamiento存储Fuentes de abastecimiento 供应源Agregado骨料Diseno de mezacla 配合比Impureza indeseable 有害杂质Granulometria粒径Agregado fino 细骨料Agregado grueso粗骨料Agregado manufacturado 加工的骨料Aditivos quimico化学添加剂Acelerante速凝剂Introductores de aire 引气剂Reductores de agua retardante 缓凝减水剂Microsilica 微硅粉Dosificaicon de hormigon 配比Clases de hormigon 等级Contenido de cemento 水泥含量Hormigon ciclopeo 大体积混凝土Mortero para instalacion de quipo 设备安装所用砂浆Proporcion de las mezclas 拌合比例Preparacion del hormigon 混凝土拌合Plantas dosificadora配比站Dosificaicon de materiale 材料配比Aditivio 添加剂Balanza 称量Mezcladora estacionarias 固定拌和站Mezcladora moviles 移动拌和站Encofrado模板Encofrado curvos prar trasiciones 过渡弯曲模板Sujecion de los encofrado 模板固定Hormigon de segunda stapa 二期混凝土Compactacion振捣Cuirado de agua 水养护Cuirado del hormigon de alta resistencia 高抗混凝土养护Laboratorio实验室Reparaciones del hormigon 混凝土修复Acabados 混凝土收尾Superficies de hormigon a la vista 可见混凝土表面Superficies formada sin encofarado非模板形成的表面Inyeccion灌浆Bubdivision de los trabajos工作细化Perforadora凿岩机Permeabilidad con agua渗水性Planta de ynyeccion灌浆车间Tuberias管道系统Mezcals灰泥Arena 沙子Aditivos添加剂Secciones 截面Tramos地段Inyecciones de contacto 接触灌浆Inyecciones de consolidacion加固灌浆Inyeccion a presion 高压灌浆Inyecciones de cavidades de gran volumen 打孔灌浆Tramos de prueba de inyeccion灌浆试验地段Parametro de inyeccion 灌浆参数Memoria descriptiva de la metodologia del contratista 承包商工作方法报告Criterios de suspension de la inyeccion 悬液灌浆的标准Lechadas 砂浆Inyeccion de impermeabilizacion 防水灌浆Inyecciones con tubos valvulado阀管的灌浆Acero de refuerzo 钢筋Fibra de acero 钢纤维Mallas electrosoldad 电焊Soportes支架Pernos 螺栓Electrodos 电极Piezas forjadas 铸件Galvanizado 镀锌Examenes mediante ensayos no destructivo 通过无损性测试Montaje 装配Estructuras de acero galvanizado 镀锌钢结构Proteccion anticorrosiva 防腐蚀Cielo paso falso 光滑仿天花板Chimeneas de equilibrio调压井Minicentral 小水电Juntas de dilatacion 膨胀头Plomadas inversas 反向铅垂Miras de nivelacion水平标尺Vertederos para medicion caudales de infiltracion 过滤流量液压自卸装置Sensore piezometrico 测压传感器Sismografos 地震仪Acelerometros 加速计Sirena 警报器Preparacion de las cimentaciones 打地基Colocacion de relleno 铺设辅料Rellenos con material aluvial 填充冲击物料Relleno con grava para drenes填充碎石物料Relleno con material de prestamo 填充外来物料Suelo organico 有机土壤Tuberias embebidas 嵌入式管道Desagües de piso 地面排水Válvulas de retención 止回阀Registros de limpieza 清理调节装置Uniones de tuberías 管路连接Uniones roscadas 螺纹接口Uniones soldadas 焊接连接Uniones pegadas 胶合连接Uniones con empaque de caucho 橡胶包裹连接SOLDADURA 焊接FABRICACIÓN 生产GALVANIZACIÓN 镀锌INSTALACIÓN 安装EJECUCIÓN 施工Proceso de soldadura 焊接工艺Soldadura manual 手工焊接Soldadura manual 手工焊接Soldadura automática 自动焊接Precalentamiento 预热MARTILLADO 捶打ELECTRODOS 焊条PREPARACIÓN DE LOS BORDES 边缘修整EQUIPO DE ESMERILAR 打磨设备SOLDADURA DE ACERO INOXIDABLE 不锈钢焊接LIMPIEZA Y DESBROCE 清洗和清理MOVIMIENTO DE TIERRAS 地面移动USO DE EXPLOSIVOS 炸药的使用Cunetas laterales 两侧沟渠Cunetas de berma y cunetas de coronación 护坡沟渠和顶部沟渠Alcantarillas de hormigón armado 钢筋混凝土下水道Alcantarillas de tubo de metal corrugado 金属波纹管下水道Sub-drenaje 地下排水Drenes horizontales 水平排水SUB-BASE DE AGREGADOS 骨料地下基础Control de compactación 压实控制CAPA DE RODADURA 滚压层PLACAS DE NEOPRENO 聚氯丁烯板SEGURIDAD Y SEÑALIZACIÓN 安全和信号Caminos permanentes永久道路Caminos de construcción施工道路Mantenimiento de caminos道路维护Capa de rodadura con asfalto沥青滚动层MAMPOSTERÍA 毛石建筑Acabado de los pisos de hormigón 混凝土地面的精加工Pisos de Porcelanato 瓷砖地板Pisos de Cerámica 陶瓷地面Pisos de adoquín 路面石地面Pisos de grava 砾石地面Revestimiento con césped 草皮铺设REVESTIMIENTOS DE MAMPOSTERÍA 毛石建筑层PAREDES DE ROCA EXPUESTA 裸露石块的墙体CIELO RASO EXPUESTO 天花板PASAMANOS 护栏ESCALERAS 楼梯CUBIERTAS DE HORMIGÓN 混凝土层INSTALACIONES SANITARIAS 卫生间设施Red de agua potable饮用水网Red de aguas servidas 自来水网Cajas de revisión 维修箱Pozos y sumideros 井和下水道Aparatos sanitarios 卫生设备CERRAMIENTOS DE MALLA网栅围栏INSTALACIONES ELECTRICAS 电气设施Configuración de la puesta a tierra 接地布置Red de tierra de las casas de máquinas 机房接地网Red de tierra de las subestaciones 变电站的接地网Red a tierra de los túneles de descarga 卸载通道的接地网Cables 电缆Varillas de puestas de tierra 接地杆Conexiones de las mallas 网连接Cajas de conexión 接线箱Electroductos no metálicos 非金属电导体Electroductos de acero rígido 硬钢电导体Conductores embebidos en el hormigón 混凝土嵌入式导体Conductores enterrados 地下导体Varillas para puesta a tierra 接地杆Conexiones exotérmicas 放热连接Superficies con enlucido de cemento 水泥石膏表面Superficies de acero galvanizado 镀锌钢表面。
西班牙语大学专业类词汇
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水利水文术语表中英对照-精选.doc
水圈hydrosphere 小气候microclimate水体water body 副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone水科学water science 比湿specific humidity水文学hydrology 蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale陆地水文学land hydrology 霜点frost point应用水文学applied hydrology 霜冻frostbite工程水文学engineering hydrology 无霜期frost－free period水汽water vapour 流域watershed (basin)水文要素hydrologic elements 闭合流域enclosed basin积雪snow cover 不闭合流域non－enclosed basin 终雪latest snow 闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area融雪snowmelt 分水线（分水岭）divide冰雹hail 流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics 截留interception 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence填洼depression detention 常年河perennial stream地面滞留surface detention 间歇河intermittent stream陆面蒸发evaporation of land 悬河（地上河）elevated stream水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 夺流河（断头河）captured river土壤蒸发evaporation from soil 盈水河gaining stream散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration 亏水河losing stream蒸发能力evaporation capability 暴洪河流flashy stream下渗（入渗）infiltration 界河boundary river稳渗steady infiltration 废河道（古河道）dead river下渗能力infiltration capability 凹岸concave bank河川径流river runoff 凸岸convex bank降雨径流rainfall runoff 岸壁land wall暴雨径流storm runoff 水边线（岸线）water line融雪径流snowmelt runoff 堤防levee枯季径流dry season runoff 河长river length基流base flow 河弯river bend阴塞高压blocking high 弯曲率tortuosity低空急流low－level jet 航道navigable channel低涡vortex 河段reach反气旋（高压）anticyclone 潜洲submerged bar气旋（低压）cyclone 水利学hydraulics热带气旋tropic cyclone 明渠水力学open channel hydraulics热带低压tropic depression 水静力学hydrostatics 热带风暴tropic storm 水动力学hydrodynamics强热带风暴severe tropic storm 明渠水流open channel flow气团air mass 恒定流steady flow锋（锋面）front 非恒定流unsteady flow气象meteorology 均匀流（等速流）uniform flow气候区划climatic regionalization 非均匀流（变速流）non－uniform flow气候带climatic zone 急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow 平封flat freeze－up异重流density current 立封upright freeze－up临界流critical flow 冰盖ice cover临界水深critical depth 连底冻grounded ice cover临界流速critical velocity 冰丘ice mound临界流量critical discharge 封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze－up水头head 清沟lead位置水头（位能）elevation head 初生清沟primary lead低强水头（压能）pressure head 再生清沟secondary lead流速水头（动能）velocity head 冰花路毡sludge road felt 雷诺数Reymold number 冰上覆雪snow cover over ice韦伯数Weber number 冰脊ice ridge 水力因素hydraulic factor 冰缝crack湿周wetted perimeter 悬冰suspended ice cover水力半径hydraulic radius 冰堆ice pack宽深比width－depth ratio 冰塞ice jam落差fall 冰上结冰aufeis驻波standing wave 解冻期break－up period移动波translation wave 冰变色color change of ice cover河流动力学river dynamics 冰上有水accumulation of melt water 山洪侵蚀torrential erosion 月中天lunar transit流域产沙量watershed sediment yield 引潮力tidal generation force溶解性总固体total dissolved solids 天文潮astronomic tide离子含量ion concentration 气象潮metorologic tide离子总量total ion concentration 潮汐周期tidal cycle离子流量ion discharge 半日潮semidiurnal tide矿化度mineral content 全日潮diurnal tide盐度salinity 混合潮mixed tide碱度alkalinity 大潮spring tide 酸度acidity 小潮neap tide 电导率electric conductivity 中潮moderate tide 混浊度（浊度）turbidity 太阴月lunar day 总需氧量total oxygen demand 潮期duration of tide溶解氧dissolved oxygen 涨潮历时duration of tidal rise需氧量oxygen demand 落潮历时duration of tidal fall生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand 潮流tidal current滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand 涨潮流flood tidal current硬度hardness 落潮流ebb tidal current非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate 憩流slack tidehardness 潮流速tidal velocity浮冰floating ice 往复流reversing current锚冰anchor ice 旋转流rotary current封冻期freeze－up period 潮流期duration of tidal current封冻（封河）freeze－up 涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow 侧向补给lateral recharge地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）越流补给leakage rechargehydraulic gradient of groundwater 灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient 地下水等水位线图water－table contour map of groundwater含水层aquifer 潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation含水岩系water－content rock series 潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic 含水岩组water－content rock formation water evaporation含水岩性water－content rock property 潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface 含水介质water－hearing medium 潜水位phreatic water level均匀介质homogeneous medium 潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level 非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium 潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water 含水层边界aquifer boundary aquifer透水边界permeable boundary 内流湖endorheic lake隔水边界confining boundary 淡水湖fresh lake弱透水边界acquitted boundary 咸水湖salt lake透水层permeable bed 盐湖saline lake隔水层confining bed 季节性湖泊seasonal lake弱透水层acquitter 富营养湖泊eutrophic lake水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters 贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake渗透系数permeability coefficient 湖流lake current导水系数(释水系数）梯度流gradient currentcoefficient of transmissivity 漂流current of friction贮水系数storativity 湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation coefficient of water table conductivity 湖泊率lake ratio压力传导系数湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake coefficient of pressure conductivity 湖泊换水周期lake residence period持水度water－holding capacity 湖盆lake basin土壤水分常数soil moisture constants 湖面高程elevation of water level in lake土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil 岛屿率insulositymoisture 湖泊分层lake layering凋萎系数wilting coefficient 正温层direct thermal stratification田间持水量field capacity 逆温层inverse thermal stratification毛管断裂含水量湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake moisture content at capillary rupture 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire最大水分吸水量中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire maximum molecular moisture content 沼泽水量平衡water balance of mire零通量面法zero flux plane method 沼泽水mire water潜水phreatic water 沼泽蒸发mire evaporation降水入渗补给precipitation recharge 沼泽径流mire runoff降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation 沼泽表面流surface flow of mirerecharge 沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire地表水补给surface water recharge 沼泽含水性moisture property of mire凝结水补给condensation recharge 沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire 设站年限station required age沼泽率mire ratio 基面datum冰川glacier 临时水准点temporary benchmark山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier 测验断面measuring cross－section谷冰川valley glacier 基本水尺断面basic gauge cros－s section宽尾冰川broad－tail glacier流速仪测流断面s section冰斗冰川cirque glacier current－meter measuring cros－悬冰川hanging glacier 浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section 贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier 比降水尺断面slope measuring cros－s section 冰原ice field辅助水尺断面冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier secondary gauging cros－s section委托观测entrust gauging临时测流断面s section水文仪器hydrologic instrument temporary measuring cros－直读仪器direct－reading instrument 水文缆道hydrometric cableway 自记仪器automatic－recording instrument 悬索缆道suspended cableway 遥测仪器remote telemetry unit 悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway 固态存贮器solid storage 机动缆道motorized cableway计数器counter 手动缆道hand－operating cableway记录器recorder 循环索loop cable 显示器displayunit 起重索suspension cable 平均无故障工作时间水文缆车hydrometric cable carmean time between failures 吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat相应水位equivalent stage 缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测站hydrometric station 水文测船hydrometric boat 基本站basic station 水文测桥hydrometric bridge 辅助站auxiliarystation 桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge专用站special station水文巡测车水文试验站hydraulic experimental station tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station 雨量器raingauge水文气象站hydrometeorology station 承水器raingauge receiver巡测站tour gauging station 量杯measuring glass水文站gauging station 渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量站网rain gauging network 雨量计rainfall recorder水面蒸发站网虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorderwater surface evaporation network翻斗式雨量计水位站网stage gauging network tipping－bucket rainfall recorder泥沙站网sediment gauging network 长期雨量计long－term rainfall recorder水质站网water quality network 遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder地下水观测井网测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar groundwater voservation well network 雪量线snow gauge站网规划hydrologic network planning 雨雪量计rain and snow recorder水文分区hydrologic regionalization 蒸发量evaporation站网布设network layout 蒸发量观测evaporation observation容许最稀站网minimum network蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation 流速梯度velocity gradient遮挡率screen ratio 垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution蒸发器evaporation pan 断面流速分布cross－section velocity 小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation pan distributionE－601型蒸发器水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient evaporation pan of type E－601 顺流downstream flow漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan 逆流upstream flow蒸发计evaporimeter 流速脉动velocity pulsation遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter 中泓流速midstream钩形水尺hook gauge 流向测量flow－direction measurement最高水位水尺crest stage gauge 体积法cubature校核水尺check gauge 流速仪current－meter基本水尺断面basic gauge转子式流速仪辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge rotating－element current－meter比降水尺断面slope gauge 旋杯式流速仪cup－type current－meter 临时水尺temporary gauge 旋桨式流速仪propeller－type current－meter水位计stage gauge 电波流速仪electric wave current－meter自记水位计stage recorder超声波剖面流速仪浮子式水位计float－type stage recorder ultrasonic profile current－meter压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder 多普勒流速仪Doppler current－meter超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder 参证流速仪reference curren－t meter遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder 流量计flow meter接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder 文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder 毕托管Pitot tube自记水位计台stage recorder installation 流速仪检定current－meter calibration静水井stilling well 检定槽calibration tank测得水深measured depth 检定车calibration carriage有效水深effective depth 水面浮标surface float相对水深relative depth 小浮标small float 断面平均水深mean depth at a cros－s section 双浮标double float 干绳改正air line correction 浮杆float－rod湿绳改正wet line correction 堰顶高程elevation of weir crest测点流速velocity measurement 堰顶水头weir head测速垂线surface velocity水工建筑物测流水面流速velocity at a point flow measurement by hydraulic structure测点流速maximum point velocity 闸门开启高度gate opening 最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical 行近河槽approach channel 垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical 行近流速approach velocity部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment 堰流weir flow 断面平均流速cross－section velocity 流态flow regime distribution自由流free flow 浮标流速point velocity coefficient 淹没流submergedflow 中泓流速surface velocity coefficient 半淹没流half－submerged flow 流速分布velocity distribution 孔流sluice flow射流jet flow 中数粒径median particle diameter淹没比submergence ratio 平均粒径mean particle diameter淹没系数submergence coefficient 等容粒径nominal diameter流速系数velocity coefficient 投影粒径projected diameter流量系数discharge coefficient 三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter 稀释法测流dilution method for discharge几何平均粒径measurement geometric mean particle diameter示踪剂tracer 筛析粒径sieve diameter标准溶液standard solution 沉降粒径settling diameter背景浓度background concentration solution 粒径组fraction of particle size稀释比dilution ratio 颗粒级配grain－size distribution推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge 颗粒级配曲线grain－size distribution curve measurement单样颗粒级配器策法sampling method index sample grain－size distribution坑测法pit method垂线平均颗粒级配沙波法dune tracking method mean grain－size distribution in a vertical床沙测验bed material measurement 对照断面check cross－section照相法photographic method 控制断面control cross－section 打印法stamp pad method 消减断面attenuation cross－section床沙采样器bed material sampler 水样保存water－sample preservation悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler 检出率detected ratio瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler 超标率over－limit ratio积时式采样器time－integrating sampler 痕迹量trace瓶式采样器bottled sampler 未检出nonreadout皮囊式采样器collapsible sample 回收率recovery ratio泵式采样器pumping sampler 溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler 冰情观测ice－regime observation同位素测沙仪固定点冰厚测址radioisotope sediment concentration meter fixed－point ice thickness measurement光电测沙仪冰情目测visual observation of ice regime photoelectric sediment concentration meter 冰情符号ice code振动式测沙仪冰情图ice－regime chartavibrational sediment concentration meter 初冰日期first－ice date推移质采样器bed load sampler 封冰日期freeze－update 网式采样器basket－type sampler 解冻日期break－update 吸管pipet 终冰日期end icedate光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter 封冻历时freeze－up duration 比重计（密度计）hydrometer 水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice泥沙沉降sediment settling 敲露水面宽open－water width 沉降速度settling velocity 冰流量ice discharge 平均沉速meansettling velocity等深点流速改正法絮凝flocculation revised isobath－velocity method反凝剂defloeculant流速过程线改正法粒径particle diameter revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差significant tidal range 站年station year负波高negative wave height 极值extreme value水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir 加权平均法weighted mean method入库水量reservoir inflow 断流水位stage of zero flow出库水量reservoir outflow 河干river of zero flow水库供水reservoir water supply 水文过程线hydrograph水库弃水水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph surplus water released frome reservoir 等值线isopleth水库渗漏量reservoir seepage volume 分布曲线distribution curve水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage 水文特征值hydrologiccharacteristic value水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change 径流总量total runoff坝上水位stage behind dam 径流模数runoff modulus库区水位stage in reservoir region 径流系数runoff coefficient水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey 洪峰flood peak 水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume 洪水流量peak discharge地形法method of topographic survey 洪水总量flood volume断面法method of cross－section survey 输沙模数modulus ofsediment runoff淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition 水位流量关系stage－discharge relation淤积三角洲sedimentation delta 连时序法chronologicalmethod淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition 绳套曲线loop curve岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in 流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method karst areas 潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting定潮汐要素法area constant tidal factor relation method水文实验研究合轴相关法coaxial correlation method experimental research in hydrology 一潮推流法method of discharge computation 代表流域representative basin for a single tide实验流域experimental basin 水位流量关系single－valued processing of 相似流域similar basin stage－discharge relation径流实验研究experimental research in runoff 关系曲线延长extension of relation curve径流场runoff plot 流率表rating table人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device 单断沙关系index and cross－section average 蒸发实验研究sediment concentration relationexperimental research in evaporation 单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section 蒸发池evaporation tank aerage sediment concentration relation curve 土壤蒸发器soil evaporator method蒸散器evapotranspirometer 水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio 农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land of index and cross－section average sediment 蒸渗仪lysimeter concentration relation curve method地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot 单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of 合理性检查rational examination index and cross－section average sediment 电算整编processing by computer concentration ratio水文年鉴water year－book 单样过程线法hydrograph method of index 测站考证station examination sediment concentration真值true value 伏汛summer flood测量值（实测值）measured value 汛期flood season最或然值most probable value 防汛flood defence绝对误差absolute error 报汛站flood－reporting station相对误差relative error 报汛站网flook－reporting network插机误差（偶然误差）random error常年水情站允许误差permissible error perennial hydrologic reporting station伪误差（粗差）spurious汛期水情站方差variance hydrologic reporting station inflood season标准差standard deviation辅助水清站网相对标准差relative standard deviation auxiliary hydrologic reporting network离差（偏差）deviation 洪水警报flood warning闭合差closure error 点雨量point rainfall平差adjustment 面雨量areal rainfall精密度precision 泰森多边形Thiessen polygon准确度correctness 等雨量线法isohyetal method垂线抽样误差（M 型误差）measuring vertical 产流runoff yieldsampling error 蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage分布式数据库distributed type data base 超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration 集中式数据库concentrated type data base 产流面积area of runoff yield网络式数据库network type data base 地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff层次数据库laminarization data base 地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire层次数据模型laminarization data model 壤中流prompt subsurface flow网状数据模型network data model 前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall数据量data bulk 土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit结点node下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）水文数据库hydrologic data base infiltration capability curve水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base 初损initial losses湖泊水文预报hydrologic firecasting of lake 后损（后渗）continuing losses施工水文预报坡面汇流overland flow concentration hydrologic forecasting for construction period河网汇流（河槽汇流）潮汐预报tidal prediction river network flow concentration旱情预报soil moisture forecasting 地下汇流groundwater flow concentration地下水动态预报汇流曲线flow concentration curve groundwater regime forecasting 流域汇流曲线basin flow concentration curve 预见期forecast lead time坡面汇流曲线超长期水文预报overland flow concentration curveextended long－term hydrologic forecasting河网汇流曲线作业预报operational forecasting river network flow concentration curve预报方案forecast scheme地下汇流曲线评定标准accuracy standard groundwater flow concentration curve方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme 流域汇流时间basin flow concentration time 确定性系数deterministic coefficient 洪峰滞时peak time lag 汛seasonal flood 流域滞时basin time lag等流滞时isochrone system单位线unit hydrograph 混合式系统mix system经验单位线empiricat unit hydrograph时分制遥测系统综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph time－division telemetry system瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph频分制遥测系统地貌瞬时单位线frequency－division telemetry system geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph 误码率probability of word error坡地单位线slope unit hydrograph 接受率receiving probability河网单位线river network unit hydrograph 设计站design stationS－曲线S－curve 设计流域design watershed无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph 代表站representative station退水曲线recession curve 参证站bench－mark station水文模型hydrologic model 典型年（代表年）typicyear水文物理模型（水文实体模型）水文系列hydrologic serieshydrophysical model 同步系列synchronous series 比尺模型scale model 系列代表性series representativeness比拟模型analogue model 柱状图histogram水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model 诺谟图monogram水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic输沙量计算（固体径流计算）mathematic model computation of sediment runoff水文数学物理模型水库回水计算deterministic hydrologic model computation of reservoir backwater确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model水库淤积计算分散式模型distributed model computation of reservoir sedimentation集总式模型lumped model水库下游河道冲刷计算线性水温模型linear hydrologic model computation of degradation below reservoir非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model 溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood 时不变水文模型感潮河段水力计算hydraulic calculation for time－invariant hydrologic model tidal reach时变水文模型time－variant hydrologic model 样本容量sample size流域水文数学模型随机变量random variablehydrologic mathematic model of watershed 随机系列random series模型结构model structure 累计频率（频率）cumulative frequency模型参数model parameter 经验频率empirical frequency模型误差model error水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）模型率定model calibration hydrologic frequency distribution curve模型检验model verification 皮尔逊分布Pearson distribution 水文模拟hydrologic simulation 对数正态分布log normal distribution遥测终端机telemetry terminal meter 频率分析frequency analysis 中继机relay meter 随机模拟stochastic simulation 前置通信控制机时间序列time seriespreset communication controller 随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis 自报式系统self－reporting system 趋势项trend term 查询－应答式系统polling －answerback 周期项cycle term随机项stochastic term 可能最大露点probable maximum dew point 调和分析（谐波分析）harmonic analysis 暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction 潜分析spectrum analysis 流域形状改正watershed shape correction回归分析（相关分析）regression analysis 水汽改正moisture correction相关系数correlation coefficient 入流障碍改正inflow obstacle correction自回归分析autoregression analysis 综合改正synthetic correction逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis暴雨幅合分量设计供水design flood convergence component of storm 溢洪道设计洪水spillway design flood 地形增强因子topographic increasing factor 分期设计洪水stage design flood 等百分数法isopercental method 施工设计洪水可能最大洪水probable maximum flood design flood for construction period 涝surface water logging校核洪水check flood 渍subsurface waterlogging实测洪水observed flood 排涝surface waterlogging control调查洪水investigated flood 排渍subsurface waterlogging control古洪水paleoflood 排涝规划waterlogging control planning坝址洪水dam－site flood 排涝标准standard for waterlogging control入库洪水reservoir inflow flood 排涝计算computation of waterlogging control 分项调查法设计排涝流量item－by－item investigation method design discharge for surface drainage降雨径流模型法设计排渍流量design drainage discharge of rainfall－runoff model method subsurface waterlogging control蒸发差值法evaporation difference method设计排涝水位径流年内分配annual distribution of runoff design water level for surface drainage径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff 水荒water famine丰水期high－water period 水资源评价water resources assessment平水期normal－water period水资源基础评价枯水期（枯季）low－flow period water resources basic assessment丰水年wet year 水量评价water quantity assessment平水年（中水年）normal year 水质评价water quality assessment枯水年dry year地表水资源评价特枯水年extraordinary dry year surface water resources assessment连续丰水年continuous wet years水资源评价指标连续枯水年continuous dry years indexes of water resources assessment水文年鉴water year 水资源总量total amount of water resources 设计雨型design storm pattern 地表水资源量surface water resources amount 暴雨路径storm track 地下水资源量groundwater resources amount 暴雨时程分配time distribution of storm 可利用量utilizable water 暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm 地下水可开采量groundwater available yield 暴雨参数等值线storm parametric isoline map 可供水量available water supply 点面换算系数径流调节runoff regulationpoint－area conversion coefficient综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）定点定面关系reservoir regulation for comprehensive fixed point－fixed area relationship utilization水库调洪reservoir flood routing无机物水污染水库供水调节water pollution by inorganic substances reservoir regulation for water supply有机物水污染水电站径流调节water pollution by organic substancesrunoff regulation of hydropower regulation有毒物质水污染水库反调节reregulating reservoir water pollution by toxic substances水库群调节multi－reservoir regulation 放射性水污染radioactive water pollution径流调节计算热污染thermal pollutioncomputation of runoff regulation 生物水污染water pollution by organism时历法（长系列操作法）chronological series 富营养化eutrophicationmethod 次生水污染secondary water pollution概率法（数理统计法）probability method 地下水污染groundwater pollution随机模拟法stochastic simulation method水污染常规分析指标调节周期regulating period index of routine analysis for water pollution目标函数objective function水污染遥感监测约束方程constraint equation remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution 状态变量state variable 污染物pollutant决策变量decision variable 污染物迁移transport of pollutant数学规划mathematic programming 机械迁移physical transport线性规划linear programming 物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport非线性规划nonlinear programming 人为污染源artificial pollution source水库防洪调度天然污染源natural pollution sourceflood control scheduling of reservoir 污染源调查investigation of pollution sources 水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling 污染源控制pollution source control水库群调度multi－reservoir scheduling 水质参数water quality parameters水库预报调度水质模型water quality modelreservoir scheduling based on forecast 水温模型water temperature model抽水蓄能pumped storage水质生物评价水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment biologic assessment of water quality水环境water environment 水环境效益water environmental effect水环境要素（水环境基质）水污染环境效应environmental effect of water water environment elements pollution水环境背景值（水环境本底值）水环境保护water environmental protection water environmental background value 水质规划water quality planning 水生态系统aquatic ecosystem 河流水质规划river water quality planning 化学径流chemical runoff 水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning环境用水environmental water 水污染综合防治规划planning of 环境水文学environmental hydrology comprehensive water pollution control环境水力学environmental hydraulics 水源保护区protection zone of water source 环境水化学environmental hydrochemistry 蒸发evaporation 地下水超量开采groundwater overdraft 水位stage 人工补给（人工回灌）artificial recharge 流速velocity 地下水降落漏斗groundwater depression cone 流量discharge化学水污染chemical water pollution 含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge 热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone水温模型water temperature 卫星云图satellite cloud picture冰凌ice run 气压（大气压强）atmospheric pressure水质water quality 海平面气压sea－level pressure下垫面underlying surface 湿球温度wet－bulb temperature水文情势hydrologic regime 水汽压vapour pressure水文效应hydrologic effect 饱和水汽压saturation vapour pressure水文循环（水循环）hydrologic cycle 绝对湿度absolute humidity水量平衡water balance 相对湿度relative humidity热量平衡heat balance 饱和差saturation deficit盐量平衡salt balance 流域长度basin length大气水汽含量流域平均高程basin elevation mean atmospheric water vapour content 流域平均宽度basin width mean大气水汽输送流域平均坡度basin slope mean atmospheric water vapour transport流域不对称系数水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux coefficient of basin nonsymmetric降雨面积rainfall area 流域面积增长率growth ratio of drainage area 降雨分布rainfall distribution流域自然地理特征暴雨洪水storm flood physiographic characteristics of basin冰凌洪水（凌讯）ice flood 水系（河系）hydrographic net冰雪洪水ice－snow melt flood 人工河网artificial drainage network雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood 河网密度drainage density山洪flash flood 明渠open channel 溃坝洪水dam－break flood 河源headwaters 大气环流atmospheric circulation冲沟gully行星尺度天气系统溪流brookplanetary scale weather system 分支fork天气尺度天气系统串沟bifurcation channelsynoptic scale weather system 外流河exoreic river中小尺度天气系统内陆河endothecia rivermeso and micro－scale weather 减河relief channel风暴潮storm surge 控制河段control reach 风暴中心storm center 顺流河段straight reach 西风槽westerly trough 弯曲河段bent reach 东风波easterly wave 扩散河段expanding reach 低压槽trough 收缩河段converging reach高压脊ridge 游荡河段wandering reach副热带高压subtropic high 感潮河段tidal reach温带extratropic zone 裁弯河段channel cutoff 寒带frigid zone 稳定河槽stable channel季风monsoon 不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）unstable channel 梅雨（霉雨）plum rains 主槽main channel阵雨showery rain 单式河槽single channel地形雨aerographic rain 复式河槽compound channel河道横断面river cross－section sediment transport capacity of flow河道纵断面river longitudinal profile 河床演变fluvial process断面特性cross－section characteristics 冲刷scar河床形态channel morphology 淤积sedimentation浅滩thoal 沙量平衡sediment balance急潭cataract 泥沙输移sediment transport河漫滩flood plain 泥沙输移比sediment delivery ratio江心湖channel island 浆河现象clogging of river sediment flow有效水头effective head 揭河底现象tearing of river bed水头损失head loss 天然水质natural water quality沿程水头损失frictional head loss 水化学hydrochemistry局部水头损失local head loss 冰清ice regime能面比降energy slope 结冰河流ice－frozen stream水面比降surface slope 封冻河流freeze－up stream摩阻比降friction slope 稳定封冻河流stable freeze－up stream附加比降（加速比降）add slope 非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze－up stream 河道比降（河床比降）channel slope 结冰期ice－frozen period水面横比降transverse slope of water surface 初生冰initial ice 倒比降inverse slope 冰针ice specula总水头线total head line 冰凇rime ice水面线water surface profile 圆扁冰pan－cake ice糙率roughness 冰花frazil slush谢才系数Chezy coefficient 岸冰border ice谢才公式Chezy formula 初生岸冰initial border ice曼宁公式Manning formula 固定岸冰fixed border ice输水因数（输水率）conveyance factor 冲击岸冰agglomerated border ice水跃hydraulic jump 再生岸冰regenerative border ice水舌nappe 残余岸冰residual border ice回水曲线（壅水曲线）hackwater curve 雪冰slush ice 弗汝德数Froudenumber 水内冰underwater ice悬移质suspended load 冰屑shuga推移质bed load 冰底边ice base boundary床沙bed material 冰礁ice reef床沙质bed material load 冰桥ice bridge冲泻质wash load 流冰花slush ice run河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river 冰上流水water flow over ice泥沙起动incipient motion of sediment层冰层水起动流速competent velocity ice cover with intercalated water layers造床流址dominant discharge 融冰thawing泥沙密度density of sediment 冰层塌陷ice sheet depression高含沙水流冰层浮起floating ice coverflow with hypereoncentration of sediment 冰滑动dislodging of ice cover泥石流debris flow 解冻（开河）break－up 水流挟沙能力文开河tranquil break－up武开河violent break－up机械弥散系数（水力弥散系数）流沙ice run coefficient of mechanical dispersion流沙堆积drifting ice pack水动力弥散系数冰坝ice dam coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion残冰堆积residual ice accumulation 包气带aeration zone 潮汐tide饱和层saturated zone 潮位（潮水位）tidal level 土壤水soilwater 涨潮flood tide 结合水bound water 落潮ebbtide 吸着水absorbed water 高潮high tide薄膜水pellicular water 低潮low tide 上层滞水perched water平潮dead tide 渗入水infiltration water 涨潮潮差flood tidal range 凝结水condensation water 落潮潮差ebb tidalrange 毛管水capillary water高潮间歇high lunitidal interval 毛管上升高度height of capillary rise低潮间歇low lunitidal interval 毛管压力水头capillary pressure head日潮不等diurnal inequality 土壤含水量soil moisture content落潮流历时duration of ebb current饱和含水量（全持水量）涌潮bore saturated moisture content河口水流estuarine flow 饱和度saturation coefficient河口潮汐estuarine tide 土水势soil water potential河口演变fluvial precesses of estuary 重力水gravity water拦门沙estuarine bar 给水度specific yield河口三角洲estuarine delta 承压水confined water滩涂（海涂）tidal flat 隔水顶板upper confining bed地下水水文学groundwater hydrology 隔水底板lower confining bed水文地质学hydrogeology 承压含水层厚度thickness of confined aquifer 地下水动力学groundwater dynamics 承压水头confined water head地下水系统groundwater system 自流水井artesian well地下水流域drainage basin of groundwater 含水层天窗skylight of upper confining bed地下水分水岭groundwater divide 孔隙水pore water地下水动态groundwater regime 孔隙含水层porous aquifer地下水均衡groundwater balance 孔隙－裂隙含水层pore－fissure aquifer地下水运动（渗流）groundwater movement 有效孔隙度effective porosity地下水模型groundwater model 裂隙水fissure water地下水储量groundwater storage 裂隙含水层fissured aquifer地下水水库groundwater reservoir 裂隙度fissure ratio 越流系数leakage coefficient 岩溶（喀斯特）karst延迟指数delay index 岩溶水karst water 影响半径influence radios 溶洞karst cave 补给带宽度range of recharge zone 岩溶含水层karst aquifer 水位削减值drawdown value interference 温泉thermal spring 分子扩散系数coefficient of molecular 矿泉mineral spring diffusion外流湖exoreic lake。
水利水文术语表中英对照
.水圈 hydrosphere 稳渗 steady infiltration下渗能力水体 water body infiltration capability河川径流 river runoff 水科学 water science降雨径流 rainfall runoff 水文学 hydrology暴雨径流 land hydrology storm runoff 陆地水文学融雪径流snowmelt runoff 应用水文学 applied hydrology枯季径流 engineering hydrology dry season runoff 工程水文学基流 base flow 水汽 water vapour阴塞高压 hydrologic elements blocking high 水文要素低空急流low－level jet 积雪 snow cover低涡 vortex终雪 latest snow反气旋（高压）融雪 snowmelt anticyclone气旋（低压） hailcyclone 冰雹热带气旋 tropic cyclone 截留 interception热带低压填洼 depression detention tropic depression热带风暴地面滞留 surface detention tropic storm强热带风暴 severe tropic storm 陆面蒸发 evaporation of land 气团 evaporation of water surface 水面蒸发 air mass锋（锋面） front 土壤蒸发 evaporation from soil气象 transpiration 散发（植物蒸腾） meteorology气候区划蒸发能力 evaporation capability climaticregionalizationclimatic zone下渗（入渗） infiltration气候带..小气候 microclimate界河 boundary river废河道（古河道） dead river 副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone凹岸 concave bank 比湿 specific humidity凸岸 Beaufort wind scale convex bank 蒲福风级岸壁霜点 frost point land wall水边线（岸线） water line 霜冻 frostbite堤防－free period levee 无霜期 frost河长 river length 流域watershed (basin)河弯 river bend 闭合流域 enclosed basin弯曲率 tortuosity 不闭合流域 non－enclosed basin航道 bling drainage area navigable channel 闭流区（流区）河段分水线（分水岭） dividereach潜洲特几流域何征 basin submerged bar geometric水利学 hydraulicscharacteristics明渠水力学 resurgence open channel hydraulics 河道复流（河道再生）水静力学 perennial stream hydrostatics 常年河水动力学hydrodynamics 间歇河 intermittent stream明渠水流悬河（地上河） elevated stream open channel flow恒定流 steady flow 夺流河（断头河） captured river非恒定流盈水河 gaining stream unsteady flow均匀流（等速流） losing stream uniform flow 亏水河uniform flow － flashy stream暴洪河流 non非均匀流（变速流）..急流 supercritical flow 流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield 溶解性总固体缓流 subcritical flow total dissolved solids离子含量 ion concentration 异重流 density current离子总量 total ion concentration 临界流 critical flow离子流量 critical depth ion discharge 临界水深矿化度临界流速critical velocity mineral content盐度临界流量 critical discharge salinity碱度水头 headalkalinity酸度位置水头（位能） elevation head acidity电导率低强水头（压能） pressure head electric conductivity混浊度（浊度） turbidity velocity head 流速水头（动能）总需氧量total oxygen demand 雷诺数 Reymold number溶解氧 Weber number 韦伯数 dissolved oxygen需氧量 hydraulic factor oxygen demand水力因素生化需氧量湿周 biochemical oxygen demand wetted perimeter滑雪需氧量 hydraulic radius 水力半径 chemical oxygen demand 硬度 width宽深比－ hardnessdepth ratio非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度） fall落差 non－carbonatehardness驻波 standing wave浮冰移动波 translation wave floating ice锚冰 anchor iceriver dynamics 河流动力学up period－ torrential erosion山洪侵蚀 freeze封冻期..封冻（封河） freeze－up 引潮力 tidal generation force天文潮－up astronomic tide 平封 flat freeze气象潮 metorologic tide 立封 upright freeze－up潮汐周期 tidal cycle 冰盖 ice cover半日潮 grounded ice cover semidiurnal tide 连底冻全日潮冰丘ice mounddiurnal tide混合潮up mixed tide 封冻冰缘 ice edge of freeze－大潮 spring tide 清沟 lead小潮 primary lead neap tide 初生清沟中潮 moderate tide 再生清沟 secondary lead太阴月 lunar day 冰花路毡 sludge road felt潮期 snow cover over ice duration of tide冰上覆雪涨潮历时冰脊 ice ridge duration of tidal rise落潮历时 duration of tidal fall 冰缝 crack潮流 suspended ice cover tidal current悬冰涨潮流 ice pack flood tidal current 冰堆落潮流 ebb tidal current 冰塞 ice jam憩流冰上结冰 aufeisslack tide潮流速 tidal velocity up period－解冻期 break往复流 reversing current 冰变色 color change of ice cover旋转流 accumulation of melt water 冰上有水 rotary currentduration of tidal current月中天 lunar transit潮流期..涨潮流历时 duration of flood current 导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity 地下水流速 velocity of groundwater flow贮水系数 storativity地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）水位传导系数（水力扩散系数） hydraulic gradient of groundwater coefficient of water table conductivity －table contour 地下水等水位线图 water压力传导系数 mapcoefficient of pressure conductivity aquifer含水层持水度 water－含水岩系 water－content rock series holdingcapacity土壤水分常数－content rock formation soil moisture constants 含水岩组 water土壤吸湿系数含水岩性 water－content rock propertyabsorption coefficient ofsoil moisturehearing medium 含水介质 water－凋萎系数 wilting coefficient 均匀介质 homogeneous medium田间持水量 field capacity 非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium毛管断裂含水量 aquifer boundary 含水层边界moisture content at capillary rupture 透水边界 permeable boundary最大水分吸水量 confining boundary 隔水边界maximum molecular moisture content 弱透水边界 acquitted boundary零通量面法透水层 permeable bed zero flux plane method潜水 phreatic water隔水层 confining bed降水入渗补给 acquitter弱透水层 precipitation recharge降水水文地质参数 hydrogeological parameters 入渗补给系数coefficient ofprecipitation recharge渗透系数 permeability coefficient..地表水补给 surface water recharge 贫营养湖泊 poornutrient lake 湖流 lake current 凝结水补给 condensation recharge梯度流 gradient current 侧向补给 lateral recharge漂流 current of friction 越流补给 leakage recharge湖泊波漾（假湖） lake seiche 数 irrigation recharge 补灌溉给系湖泊增减水 lake wind denivellation coefficient of groundwater 湖泊率潜水蒸发 phreatic water evaporation lake ratio湖泊补给系数 recharge coefficient depth 深蒸潜水发临界度critical of oflakephreatic water evaporation湖泊换水周期 lake residence period phreatic water overflow to 潜水溢出量湖盆surfacelake basin湖面高程 elevation of 潜水位 phreatic water levelwater level in lake岛屿率 buried depth of phreatic water insulosity 潜水埋深湖泊分层levellake layering正温层潜度thickness direct thermal stratification of phreatic 厚水含水层逆温层water aquifer inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数 morphometric parameter of endorheic lake 流湖lakefresh lake 淡水湖高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽） salt lake 咸水湖 main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽） saline lake盐湖 medium level mire沼泽水量平衡 seasonal lake 季节性湖泊 water balance of miremire watereutrophic lake富营养湖泊沼泽水..沼泽蒸发 mire evaporation 遥测仪器 remote telemetry unit固态存贮器 solid storage 沼泽径流 mire runoff计数器 surface flow of mire counter 沼泽表面流记录器沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire recorder显示器 moisture property of mire 沼泽含水性 display unit平均无故障工作时间沼泽持水性 water retention of miremean time between failures 沼泽透水性 perviousness of mire 相应水位沼泽率 mire ratio equivalent stage水文测站 glacier冰川 hydrometric station基本站 basic station 山地冰川（山岳冰川） mountain glacier辅助站 auxiliary station valley glacier 谷冰川专用站tail glacier broad－ special station宽尾冰川水文试验站 cirque glacier 冰斗冰川hydraulicexperimentalstation悬冰川 hanging glacier基准水文站 bench mark hydrologic glacier （山麓冰川）贯通冰川penetrating station水文气象站 hydrometeorology station ice field冰原巡测站 equilibrium line of glacier 冰川平衡线 tour gauging station水文站委托观测 gauging station entrust gauging雨量站网 hydrologic instrument 水文仪器 rain gauging network 水面蒸发站网 direct直读仪器－reading instrumentwater surface evaporation network 器记自仪recording －automatic stage gauging networkinstrument水位站网..泥沙站网 sediment gauging network temporary measuring cross －section水文缆道水质站网 water quality network hydrometric cableway 悬索缆道 suspended cableway 地下水观测井网悬杆缆道groundwater voservation well network suspended rod cableway机动缆道站网规划 hydrologic network planning motorized cableway手动缆道 hand水文分区 hydrologic regionalization －operating cableway循环索站网布设 network layout loop cable起重索 suspension cable 容许最稀站网 minimum network水文缆车 station required age hydrometric cable car 设站年限吊船过河索 datumcableway for anchoring boat 基面缆道测验仪临时水准点 temporary benchmark cableway measuring device水文测船section hydrometric boat 测验断面 measuring cross－水文测桥 hydrometric bridge －基本水尺断面 basic gauge crosssection桥测车 gauging vehicle on bridge 流速仪测流断面水文巡测车－section meter measuring crosscurrent－tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry crossfloat 面流标浮测断measuring －雨量器sectionraingauge承水器面尺水降比断－crossslope measuring raingauge receiver 量杯 measuring glasssection渠积雨量器 accumulative raingauge 辅助水尺断面雨量计－secondary gauging crosssection rainfall recordersiphon rainfall recorder临时测流断面虹吸式雨量计..翻斗式雨量计钩形水尺 hook gauge最高水位水尺 crest stage gauge tipping－bucket rainfall recorder校核水尺 check gauge －term rainfall recorder 长期雨量计 long基本水尺断面telemetering 测雨量计 rainfall basic gauge 遥辅助水尺断面 auxiliary gauge recorder比降水尺断面monitoring slope gauge precipitation测雨雷达－临时水尺radartemporary gauge水位计 stage gauge 雪量线 snow gauge自记水位计 rain and snow recorder stage recorder雨雪量计浮子式水位计 float－蒸发量 evaporationtype stage recorder压力蒸发量观测 evaporation observation 式水位计 pressure－type stagerecorder蒸发量折算系数超声波水位计 ultrasonic stage recorder reduction coefficient of evaporation遥测水位计 telemetering stage recorder screen ratio 遮挡率接触试水位 evaporation pan蒸发器计 contact－type stagerecorder小型蒸发器（蒸发皿） small evaporation远传水位计 telecontrol stage recorder pan自记水位计台型蒸发器601E－ stage recorderinstallation evaporation pan of type E601 －静水井 stilling well 漂浮蒸发器 floating evaporation pan测得水深 measured depth evaporimeter蒸发计 effective depth遇测蒸发计 telemetering evaporimeter有效水深..相对水深 relative depthdistribution水面流速分布 surface mean depth at a cross断面平均水深－velocitycoefficientsection顺流 downstream flow 干绳改正 air line correction逆流 upstream flow湿绳改正 wet line correction流速脉动 velocity pulsation velocity measurement 测点流速中泓流速 midstream测速垂线 surface velocity流向测量 flow水面流速 velocity at a point －direction measurement体积法 cubature 测点流速 maximum point velocity流速仪measuring － current－meter 速大最测点流 velocity转子式流速仪verticalrotating－element current－meter velocity 垂线平均流速 mean at a vertical旋杯式流速仪 cup－type current－meter 部分平均流速 mean velocity at a segment旋桨式流速仪velocity －速crosssection propeller－type current－流平断面均meterdistribution电波流速仪浮标流速 point velocity coefficient electric wave current－meter超声波剖面流速仪 surface velocity coefficient 中泓流速ultrasonic profile current velocity distribution －meter 流速分布多普勒流速仪 Doppler current velocity gradient流速梯度－meter参证流速仪vertical 分速流垂线布 reference currentvelocity －meter流量计distributionflow meterVenturi flow meter流面断cross 布分速section －velocity文杜里水流计..毕托管 Pitot tube淹没比 submergence ratio淹没系数 submergence coefficient current－meter calibration 流速仪检定流速系数 calibration tank velocity coefficient 检定槽流量系数检定车 calibration carriage discharge coefficient 稀释法测流 dilution method for discharge 水面浮标 surface float measurement small float 小浮标示踪剂双浮标 double floattracer标准溶液浮杆 float－rodstandard solution背景浓度堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest backgroundconcentrationsolutionweir head 堰顶水头稀释比 dilution ratio水工建筑物测流推移质flow measurement by hydraulic structure 输沙率测验 bedload dischargemeasurement闸门开启高度 gate opening器策法 sampling method approach channel 行近河槽坑测法approach velocity 行近流速 pit method沙波法 weir flow 堰流 dune tracking method床沙测验 bed material measurement flow regime 流态照相法自由流free flow photographic method打印法淹没流 stamp pad method submerged flow床沙采样器submerged flow － bed material sampler half半淹没流悬移质采样器 sluice flow 孔流 suspended sediment samplerinstantaneous samplerjet flow射流瞬时式采样器..积时式采样器 time－integrating sampler 平均沉速 mean settling velocity絮凝 flocculation 瓶式采样器 bottled sampler反凝剂 collapsible sample defloeculant 皮囊式采样器粒径泵式采样器 pumping samplerparticle diameter中数粒径adjustable pressure median particle diameter 调压式采样器平均粒径 mean particle diameter sampler等容粒径 nominal diameter 同位素测沙仪投影粒径concentrationprojected diameterradioisotope sediment三轴平均粒径 meter triaxial mean particlediameter 光电测沙仪几何平均粒径concentration photoelectric sedimentgeometric mean particle diameter meter筛析粒径振动式测沙仪 sieve diameter沉降粒径 settling diameter concentration vibrational sediment meter粒径组推移质采样器 bed load sampler fraction of particle size 颗粒级配网式采样器 basket grain－size distribution －typesampler颗粒级配曲线 grain－吸管 pipetsize distributioncurve photoelectric particle size 光电颗分仪单样颗粒级配meterindex sample grain hydrometer 比重计（密度计）－size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配泥沙沉降 sediment settlinga沉降速度in distribution size settling velocity－grainmean..vertical封冻历时 freeze－up duration水浸冰厚 thickness of immersed ice －section 对照断面 check cross敲露水面宽 open控制断面 control cross－section －water width冰流量 attenuation cross－section ice discharge 消减断面等深点流速改正法水样保存 water－sample preservationrevised isobath－velocity method 检出率 detected ratio流速过程线改正法－超标率 overlimit ratiorevised velocity－hydrograph method 痕迹量 trace有效潮差 nonreadout significant tidal range 未检出负波高回收率recovery rationegative wave height水库水文测验溶解气体采样器 dissolved gases sampler hygrometry of reservoir入库水量冰情观测 iceregime observation reservoir inflow －出库水量固定点冰厚测址 reservoir outflow水库供水fixed－ reservoir water supply point ice thickness measurement水库弃水visual observation of ice 测情冰目surplus water released frome reservoir regime水库渗漏量冰情符号 reservoir seepage volume ice code水库蓄水regime charta － ice冰情图变量 variation of reservoir storage－ first初冰日期ice date水库蓄水变率－ freeze封冰日期 rate of reservoir storage up date change解冻日期－ breakup datestage behind damend ice date终冰日期坝上水位..库区水位 stage in reservoir region runoff径流场sedimentation runoff plot测量 reservoir 水库淤积人工降雨装置surveyartificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究淤水库积量 reservoir sedimentationexperimental research in evaporation volume蒸发池 evaporation tank 地形法 method of topographic survey 土壤蒸发器section survey soil evaporator 断面法 method of cross－蒸散器淤积形 evapotranspirometerreservoir morphology of 态农田蒸发器depositionevaporator for agriculturalland淤积三角洲 sedimentation delta蒸渗仪reservoir lysimeterof 度淤积物密 dry density地下水均衡场depositiongroundwater balance plot合理性检查调查 rational examination hydrologic 文溶岩地区水电算整编 processing by computer investigation in karst areas 水文年鉴 water year－surface 面集地实际表水积actual book测站考证 station examination colleting area站年 station year 水文实验研究极值 extreme valueexperimental research in hydrology加权平均法 weighted mean method representative basin 代表流域断流水位 stage of zero flow experimental basin 实验流域河干similar basin相似流域 river of zero flowhydrograph径流实验研究 experimental research in水文过程线..水文综合过程线 synthetic hydrograph computation for a single tide水位流量关系 single－valued processing 等值线 isoplethof stage－分布曲线 distribution curvedischarge relation关系曲线延长征特值 hydrologic characteristic extension of relation curve 水文流率表 rating tablevalue单断沙径流总量 total runoff 关系 index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation 径流模数 runoff modulus单断沙关系曲线径流系数 runoff coefficient 法 index and cross－section 洪峰 flood peakaerage sediment concentrationrelation curve method洪水流量 peak discharge水位单洪水总量 flood volume断沙比关系曲线法 stage versusratio of index and 输沙模数 modulus of sediment runoff cross －section averagesediment －水位流量关系 stagedischarge relation concentrationrelation curvemethodchronological method 连时序法单断沙比过程线法绳套曲线 loopcurvehydrograph method ofindex discharge and crosshydrograph －section average 法线过量流程sediment concentration ratiomethod单样过程线法潮汐要素法 tidal factor relation method hydrograph method of indexsediment concentration 定潮汐要素法真值constant tidal factor relation method true value测量值（实测值） coaxial correlation method 合轴相关法 measuredvaluemost probable value法流潮一推of method discharge最或然值..绝对误差 absolute error 结点 node水文数据库 hydrologic data base 相对误差 relative error水文基本数据库 hydrologic 插机误差（偶然误差） random error basicdatabase允许误差 permissible error湖泊水文预报 spurious hydrologic firecasting of 伪误差（粗差）lake方差 variance施工水文预报标准差 standard deviationhydrologic forecasting for construction 相对标准差 relativestandard deviationperiod离差（偏差） deviation潮汐预报 tidal prediction闭合差 closure error旱情预报 soil moisture forecasting 平差 adjustment地下水动态预报精密度 precisiongroundwater regime forecasting correctness准确度预见期差误） forecast lead time measuring 型（误抽垂线样差M超长期水文预报 vertical sampling errorextendedlong－ distributed type data base 分布式数据库termhydrologicforecastingconcentrated 集中式数据库data type base作业预报网络式数据库 operational forecasting network type data base预报方案层次数据库 laminarization data base forecast scheme 评定标准层次数据模型 accuracy standardlaminarization data model方案合格率网状数据模型 network data model qualified ratio ofschemedeterministic coefficientdata bulk数据量确定性系数..汛 seasonal flood 产流面积 area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）伏汛 summer flood direct runoff地面流（坡面流） surface flow of mire 汛期 flood season壤中流 flood defenceprompt subsurface flow 防汛前期影响雨量reporting station antecedent rainfall flood报汛站－土壤缺水量报汛站网 flook－reporting network soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）常年水情站infiltration capability curve perennial hydrologic reporting station初损 initial losses汛期水情站后损（后渗）continuing losses hydrologic reporting stationinflood坡面汇流season overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）辅助水清站网river network flow concentration auxiliary hydrologic reporting network地下汇流洪水警报 flood warning groundwater flow concentration 汇流曲线 point rainfall flow concentration curve 点雨量流域汇流曲线 basin flow concentration 面雨量 areal rainfallcurve 泰森多边形 Thiessen polygon坡面汇流曲线等雨量线法 isohyetal methodoverland flow concentration curve 产流 runoff yield河网汇流曲线蓄满产流natural yield runoff at storageriver network flow concentration curve 超渗in yield runoff 流产excess ofinfiltration地下汇流曲线..groundwater flow concentration curve hydrophysical model比尺模型 scale model 流域汇流时间 basin flow concentration比拟模型 analogue modeltime水文数 peak time lag 洪峰滞时学模型 hydrologic mathematic modelbasin time lag 流域滞时水等流滞时 isochrone 文概念模型physically－basedhydrologic mathematic model unit hydrograph单位线水文数学物理模型经验单位线 empiricat unit hydrograph deterministic hydrologic modelsynthetic unit hydrograph 综合单位线确瞬定性水文unit 线instantaneous 模型 stochastic hydrologic 时单位modelhydrograph分散式模型 distributed model 地貌瞬时单位线集总式模型instantaneousunitlumped modelgeomorphologic线性水温模型hydrographlinear hydrologic model非线性水文坡地单位线 slope unit hydrograph 模型 nonlinearhydrologicmodelhydrograph network 河网单位线 river unit时不变水文模型－曲线S S curve－time－unit dimensionless 位单次无因线invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型 time－variant hydrologic hydrographmodel退水曲线 recession curve流域水文数学模型水文模型 hydrologic modelwatershed水文物理模型（水文实体模型）of model mathematic hydrologic..模型结构 model structure 代表站 representative station参证站 bench model parameter －mark station 模型参数典型年（代表年）模型误差 model error typicyear水文系列 hydrologic series 模型率定 model calibration同步系列 model verification synchronous series模型检验系列代表性水文模拟 hydrologic simulation series representativeness柱状图遥测终端机 telemetry terminal meter histogram诺谟图 relay meter 中继机 monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）前置通信控制机computation of sediment runoff preset communication controller水库回水计算自报式系统 self－reporting systemcomputation of reservoir backwater 统answerback polling－系答查询－应式水库淤积计算systemcomputation of reservoir sedimentation 混合式系统 mix system 水库下游河道冲刷计算时分制遥测系统computation ofdegradationbelow－timedivision telemetry systemreservoir频分制遥测系统溃坝洪水计算 evaluation of dam break division telemetry system frequency－floodprobability of word error 误码率感潮河段水力计算 receiving probability 接受率 hydraulic calculationfor tidal reach 设计站 design stationsample sizedesign watershed设计流域样本容量..随机变量 random variable analysis设计供水 design flood随机系列 random series溢洪道设计洪水 spillway design flood 累计频率（频率） cumulativefrequency分期设计洪水 stage design flood 经验频率 empirical frequency 施工设计洪水频率曲线）文频水文率分布曲线（水design flood for construction period hydrologic frequency distribution curve 校核洪水 check flood 皮尔逊分布 Pearson distribution实测洪水 observed flood 对数正态分布 log normal distribution 调查洪水 frequency analysis investigated flood 频率分析古洪水随机模拟 stochastic simulation paleoflood坝址洪水时间序列 time seriesdam－site flood入库洪水 reservoir inflow flood 水随机文分析hydrologic stochastic分项调查法 analysisitem－趋势项 trend term by－item investigation method降雨径流模型法 cycle term 周期项rainfall－随机项 stochastictermrunoff model method蒸发差值法 evaporation 调和分析（谐波分析） harmonic analysisdifferencemethod潜分析 spectrum analysis径流年分配 annual distribution of analysis regression 回归分析（相关分析）runoff径流多年变化 multiyear 相关系数 correlation coefficientvariation ofrunoff自回归分析 autoregression analysiswater period归回逐步stepwise 析分－regressionhigh丰水期..平水期 normal－water period correction流域形状改正flow period watershed shape correction 枯水期（枯季） low－水汽改正丰水年 wet yearmoisture correction入流障碍改正 inflow obstacle correction 平水年（中水年） normal year综合改正 dry yearsynthetic correction 枯水年暴雨幅合分量特枯水年 extraordinarydry yearconvergence component of stormcontinuous wet years 连续丰水年地连续枯水年 continuous dry years 形增强因子 topographic increasingfactor水文年鉴 water year等百分数法 design storm pattern isopercental method 设计雨型可能最大洪水 storm trackprobable maximum flood 暴雨路径涝 time distribution of storm surface water logging 暴雨时程分配渍of subsurfacewaterlogging distribution 分暴雨地区布special排涝stormsurface waterlogging control排渍暴雨参数等值线 storm parametric isoline subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划mapwaterlogging control planning排涝标点面换算系数准 standard for waterloggingcontrol－area conversion coefficient point排定点定面关系涝计算computation of waterloggingcontrol －fixed pointfixed area relationship设计排涝流量可能最大露点 probable maximum dew pointdesign discharge for surface drainage暴雨正改置移storm transposition..设计排渍流量 design drainage discharge yield可供水量of subsurface waterlogging control available water supply径流调节设计排涝水位 runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目design water level for surface drainage 标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive 水荒 water famine utilizationwater resources assessment 水资源评价水库调洪 reservoir flood routing 水资源基础评价水库供水调节water resources basic assessmentreservoir regulation for water supply water quantityassessment 水量评价水电站径流调节 water quality assessment 水质评价runoffregulationof地表水资源评价 hydropowerregulationsurface water resources assessment水库反调节水资源评价指标 reregulating reservoir水库群调节indexes of water resources assessment multi－reservoir regulation径流调节计算water of total 量源水资总 amountcomputation of runoff regulation resources时历法（长系列操作法） chronological resources water surface 量资表地水源series methodamount概率法（数理统计法）groundwater resources probability method 量源水下地资随机模拟法 stochastic simulation method amount调节周期可利用量 utilizable waterregulating periodobjective function水下地量采开可 availablegroundwater 目标函数..约束方程 constraint equation 化学径流 chemical runoff环境用水 environmental water 状态变量 state variable环境水文学 decision variable environmental hydrology 决策变量环境水力学数学规划 mathematic programming environmentalhydraulics环境水化学线性规划 linear programming environmentalhydrochemistry地下水超量开采 groundwater overdraft 非线性规划 nonlinear programming人工补给（人工回灌） artificial recharge 水库防洪调度地下水降落漏斗flood control scheduling of reservoir groundwaterdepressionconereservoir time 度库水实时调 real－化学水污染schedulingchemical water pollution无机物水污染 multi水库群调度－reservoir schedulingwater pollution by inorganic substances 水库预报调度有机物水污染reservoir scheduling based on forecastwater pollution by organic substances pumped storage抽水蓄能有毒物质水污染and water of 调水沙度schedulingwater pollution by toxic substances sediment放射性水污染水环境 water environment radioactive waterpollution水环境要素（水环境基质）热污染water environment elements thermal pollution生物水污染水环境背景值（水环境本底值） water pollution by organism富营养化water environmental background value eutrophicationsecondary water pollutionaquatic ecosystem水生态系统次生水污染..地下水污染 groundwater pollution 水环境效益 waterenvironmental effect水污染环境效应 environmental effect of 水污染常规分析指标waterpollutionwater analysis for index of routine水环境pollution 保护 water environmentalprotection水污染遥感监测水质规划remote－sensing monitoring of water water quality planning河流水质规划pollution river water qualityplanningpollutant污染物水污染物迁移 transport of pollutant 库水质规划 reservoirwater qualityplanning机械迁移 physical transport水污染综合防治规划 planning physicochemical 移学－物理化迁 of comprehensive water pollution control transport水源保护区 protection zone artificial pollution source 人为污染源of watersource天然污染源 natural pollution source蒸发污染源调查 investigation of pollution evaporation水位sourcesstage流速污染源控制 velocity pollution source control流量 water quality parameters 水质参数 discharge含沙量水质模型 water quality model sediment concentration 输沙率 water temperature model 水温模型 sediment discharge水温模型水质生物评价 water temperatureice runbiologic assessment of water quality冰凌..水质 water quality 大气环流 atmospheric circulation行星尺度天气系统下垫面 underlying surfaceplanetary scale weather system hydrologic regime 水文情势天气尺度天气系统水文效应 hydrologic effectsynoptic scale weather system 水文循环（水循环） hydrologic cycle中小尺度天气系统水量平衡 water balancemeso and micro－ heat balance scale weather 热量平衡风暴潮盐量平衡 salt balance storm surge风暴中心 storm center 大气水汽含量西风槽atmospheric water vapour content westerly trough东风波 easterly wave 大气水汽输送低压槽 trough atmospheric water vapour transport高压脊 ridge水汽输送通量 atmospheric water vapour副热带高压fluxsubtropic high温带降雨面积 extratropic zone rainfall area寒带 rainfall distribution 降雨分布 frigid zone季风 storm flood 暴雨洪水 monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plum rains ice flood 冰凌洪水（凌讯）阵雨 ice冰雪洪水－ showery rain snow melt flood地形雨雨雪混合洪水 rain and snowmelt flood aerographic rain 热带气旋雨山洪 flash floodrainfall in tropic cyclonesatellite cloud picture－ dam溃坝洪水break flood卫星云图..气压（大气压强） atmospheric pressure headwaters冲沟 gully sea－level pressure 海平面气压溪流bulb temperature brook 湿球温度 wet－分支 fork水汽压 vapour pressure串沟 saturation vapour pressure bifurcation channel 饱和水汽压外流河绝对湿度 absolute humidity exoreic river陆河 relative humidity endothecia river 相对湿度减河 relief channel 饱和差 saturation deficit控制河段 basin lengthcontrol reach 流域长度顺流河段 straight reach 流域平均高程basin elevation mean弯曲河段 bent reach 流域平均宽度 basin width mean扩散河段 basin slope mean expanding reach 流域平均坡度收缩河段converging reach 流域不对称系数游荡河段coefficient of basin nonsymmetric wandering reach 感潮河段 tidal reach growth ratio of drainage 流域面积增长率裁弯河段areachannel cutoff稳定河槽流域自然地理特征 stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）physiographic characteristics of basin unstable channel主槽水系（河系） main channel hydrographic net单式河槽人工河网 artificial drainage network single channel 复式河槽河网密度 drainage density compound channelsection－ open channel明渠 river cross河道横断面..河道纵断面 river longitudinal profile 才系数 Chezy coefficient 才公式 Chezy formula cross－section characteristics 断面特性曼宁公式 Manning formulachannel morphology 河床形态输水因数（输水率） thoal conveyance factor 浅滩水跃急潭 cataract hydraulic jump水舌 nappe河漫滩 flood plain回水曲线（壅水曲线） channel island 江心湖 hackwater curve弗汝德数 Froude number 有效水头 effective head悬移质 suspended load head loss水头损失推移质 frictional head loss bed load 沿程水头损失床沙局部水头损失 bed material local head loss床沙质 bed material load energy slope 能面比降冲泻质 surfaceslope 水面比降 wash load河流泥沙运动 sediment 摩阻比降 friction slope transport inriver泥沙起动附加比降（加速比降） incipient motion of sediment add slope起动流速 competent velocity channel slope 河道比降（河床比降）造床流址 dominant discharge water slope transverse 比面水横降of泥沙密度surfacedensity of sediment高含沙水流倒比降 inverse slopeflow 总水头线with hypereoncentration total head line of sediment泥石流水面线 water surface profile debris flowroughness糙率水流挟沙能力..sediment transport capacity of flow 冰花 frazil slush岸冰 border ice河床演变 fluvial process初生岸冰 scarinitial border ice 冲刷固定岸冰淤积 sedimentation fixed border ice冲击岸冰 agglomerated border ice 沙量平衡 sediment balance再生岸冰 sediment transport 泥沙输移 regenerative border ice 残余岸冰泥沙输移比 sediment delivery ratio residual border ice 雪冰flow river sediment slush ice 浆河现象 clogging of。
水利水电土建西班牙语词汇
水利水电词汇电站central f.轮叶aspas水力发电厂planta hidr c ulica 发电机generador变电站subestaci 印，subce ntral 电压voltaje， tensi c n发电generar, producir electricidad 电流corriente el ectrica流量caudal 功率potencia河床lecho del r io 电阻resistencia枢纽punto clave 阻抗impetancia大坝dique， presa 电感inductancia弧形arco 电容capacitancia闸门compuerta 电容器condensador水轮机turbina hidr culica 电流表amper metro轴流式水轮机turbina de flujo axial 电压表volt imetro混流式水轮机turbina mixta 吊车grua反击式水轮机turbina de reacci m 管路tubo， conducto冲击式水轮机turbina de impulsi cn 栅empalizada型号modelo 开关interruptor参数par c metro 隔离开关interruptor aislado变压器transformador 闸刀开关interruptor de cuchilla 轴eje 断路器cortador轴承cojinete 检测supervisar，monitorizar直径di c metro 避雷针pararrayos电源fuente de alimentaci c n 导线alambre结构图organigrama 绝缘aislamiento电路circuito 绝缘体aislante集成电路circuito integrado 电缆cable el e ctrico回路bucle 插座enchufe短路cortocircuito 维护mantenimiento效率eficiencia 抽象的abstracto磁铁im cn 横剖面secci c n transversal磁magnetismo 纵剖面secci c n longitudinal电磁的electromagn etico 蜗壳concha弹簧muelle 尾水agua de cola线圈/绕组bobina 用户usuario匝espila 图cuadro,gr c fico,diagrama 调节ajustar 串联conexi c n en serie继电器rel e 并联conexi c n en paralelo热继电器rel e t e rmico 电荷electr c n时间继电器rel e de tiempo 电极electrodo继电保护protecci c n relevadora 分子mol e cula相互关系，相互作用reciprocidad 电工electricista气态的gaseoso 电网sistema el e ctrico汽油gasoleno 电弧arco el e ctrico交点八、、向量/ 矢量in tersecci cn vector垂直的perpendicular, vertical 原线圈bobina original 平行的paralelo 副线圈vice-bobina感光的fotosensible」、a -+4、空载carga vac ia坐标coordenada 误差error横坐标abscisa 额定电压voltaje nominal 纵坐标ordenada 电容式capacitivo横线horizontal熔断器fusible曲线curva 三相trifase线段segmento 铁芯n ucleo de hierro折线quebrada 粉碎机trituradora平行四边形paralelogramo 按钮pulsador对称的sim etrico 套管（变压器）borne不对称的asim etrico 风扇ventilador 函数funci m 储油盒dep m sito de aceite几何geometr ia 母线barra colectora接力器servomotor 铝aluminio活塞pist m n 零序secuencia cero一次设备equipo primario 正序secuencia positiva二次设备equipo secundario 负序secuencia negativa测量仪器instrumentos de medida 后备的supletorio截面secci m n 晶体管transistor装置dispositivo 焊接soldar熔化fundir 汽化vaporizar座环corona 空蚀corrosi c n de aire硬度dureza 空化机理mecanismo de cavitaci c n 耐久性durabilidad 水锤martillos de aguas脉冲impulso 氧化oxidar法兰pesta?a冲击，撞击esbestir剪断销pestillo 划痕huella导水机构con ductor hidr culico 微粒part icula立轴eje logitudinal 穿孔perforar卧轴eje transversal 光泽brillo, glaseado adj.导叶杆barra de aspa 泄露fuga f.连杆enlace 尖利的aguzado空心的hueco 惯性inercia膨胀espansi c n 电气的el e ctrico密封hermeticidad, herm etico adj. 干扰estorbar磨损desgastar， desgaste m. 涡旋v c rtice摩擦系数coeficiente de fricci c n 稳定性estabilidad弹性elasticidad 不稳定性inestabilidad振荡<电> oscilaci 印，vibraci cn 压缩comprimir补气inflar, inflado m. 严重化engravecer橡胶垫圈ret e n 介质medio沸腾ebullici c n 发电部departamento de generaci c n流动性fluidez 双投开关inversor粘滞性viscosidad 复归reponerse相位差desfase 气压机compresor de aire转速velocidad giratoria 消防水泵bomba para incendio飞逸转速velocidad huida 风机ventilador直角坐标coordenadas rectil m eas 消毒desinfectar矩形rect cngulo 连片conectar反馈realimentaci cn 开关操作把手contactor调速器regulador de velocidad 验电器electroscopio励磁excitaci c n 验电笔busca-polo励磁起励excitaci c n inicial 电动势potencial electrodin c mico 浮充态estado de carga flotante 电枢反应reacci c n de inducido均充态estado de carga m c xima 外径di c metro externo硫化vulcanizaci c n 整流型rectificador硫化物sulfuro 强度intensidad集水井pozo de almacenamiento 转换器conmutador分离器separador 气态estado gaseoso储气罐tanque del gas 模拟信号se?al simulada消防室c c mara por incendio 数字信号se?al digital高程escal c n 水银温度计term c metro de mercurio冲洗池fregadero 集气瓶recipiente厂房taller 槽pesebre消火栓manguera汛期temporada de crecida示波管osciloscopio推力轴承cojinete de presi m示波器oscil c grafo过滤器filtrador, filtro分瓣键pasador空气冷却器radiador de aire（大锤）击mazobear停电apag cn大锤mazo阀门v d vula套筒manguito逆止阀v d vula contra inversi cn链条polea蝴蝶阀v d vula de mariposa防水的impermeable盘型阀v d vula de plato数据处理procesamiento de datos备用阀v d lvula de reserva传感器sensor ＜工＞transductor 阀组grupo de v d lvulas＜电＞轴瓦forro de eje 互感器inductancia mutua弹性elasticidad 酸值in dice de acido排污suspilo, descarga 硅胶gel de s n ice水池algibe 粘度viscosidad风闸cerrodo 乳化emulsi c n杂质impureza 乳化剂agentes emulsificantes集油槽dep c sito de almacenamiento 再生器regeneradordel aceite手轮volante压油罐dep c sito de aceite de presi c n取样muestreo浮子flotador火线alambre cargado通气孔agujero de ventilaci c n零线alambre neutral中和neutralizar 异步电动机motor asincr c nico导电性步进电动机motor de avance gradual conductibilidad腐蚀corroer 电抗reactancia老化envejecimiento 锈herrumbre有机org diico 裂痕raja沉淀precipitaci cn 变阻器re c stato氢氧化物hidr cxido 膜pel i cula厚度espesor 水溶性的hidrosoluble呼吸器respirador 渗漏infiltraci c n吸附剂adsorbente 拧紧apretar防腐剂conservador 巡回ambulante饱和saturaci c n 砂眼poro单相的monof csico 脱落desprenderse三相的trif csico 凸轮leva不锈钢acero inosidable 潜水泵bomba de buceo萃取extracci c n 油污mugre提纯purificaci c n 耐压aguante蒸馏水agua destilada 摇表meg c hmetro甘油glicerina 屏蔽环anillo apantallado外壳caparaz c n 铅皮l c mina de plomo纤维fibra 电站central f.比色计color imetro 水力发电厂planta hidr c ulica变电站subestaci c n, subcentral 电流corriente el ectrica发电generar, producir electricidad 功率potencia流量caudal 电阻resistencia河床lecho del r io 阻抗impetancia枢纽punto clave 电感inductancia大坝dique, represa 电容capacitancia弧形arco 电容器condensador闸门compuerta 电流表amper metro水轮机turbina hidr culica 电压表volt imetro轴流式水轮机turbina de flujo axial 吊车grua混流式水轮机turbina mixta 管路tubo, conducto反击式水轮机turbina de reacci m 栅empalizada冲击式水轮机turbina de impulsi cn 开关interruptor型号modelo 隔离开关interruptor aislado参数par c metro 闸刀开关interruptor de cuchilla 变压器transformador 断路器cortador轴eje 检测supervisar, monitorizar轴承cojinete 避雷针pararrayos直径di c metro 电源fuente de alimentaci c n轮叶aspas 结构图organigrama发电机generador 电路circuito电压voltaje, tensi c n 集成电路circuito integrado回路bucle 插座enchufe短路cortocircuito维护mantenimiento效率eficiencia抽象的abstracto磁铁im cn 横剖面secci m n transversal磁magnetismo 纵剖面secci m n longitudinal电磁的electromagn etico 蜗壳concha弹簧muelle 尾水agua de cola线圈 /绕组bobina 用户usuario匝espila 图cuadro,gr c fico,diagrama 调节ajustar 串联conexi m n en serie继电器rel e 并联conexi m n en paralelo热继电器rel e t e rmico 电荷electr m n时间继电器rel e de tiempo 电极electrodo继电保护protecci m relevadora 分子mol e cula相互关系，相互作用reciprocidad 电工electricista气态的gaseoso 电网sistema el e ctrico汽油gasoleno 电弧arco el e ctrico交点八、、intersecci m n向量/ 矢量vector导线alambre 垂直的perpendicular, vertical绝缘aislamiento 平行的paralelo绝缘体aislante 感光的fotosensible 电缆cable el e ctrico 坐标coordenada横坐标abscisa 额定电压voltaje nominal 纵坐标ordenada 电容式capacitivo横线horizontal 熔断器fusible曲线curva 三相trifase线段segmento 铁芯n ucleo de hierro折线quebrada 粉碎机trituradora平行四边形paralelogramo 按钮pulsador对称的sim etrico 套管（变压器）borne不对称的asim etrico 风扇ventilador函数funci m储油盒dep m sito de aceite几何geometr ia母线barra colectora接力器servomotor铝aluminio活塞pist m n零序secuencia cero一次设备equipo primario正序secuencia positiva二次设备equipo secundario负序secuencia negativa测量仪器instrumentos de medida后备的supletorio截面secci m n晶体管transistor装置dispositivo焊接soldar原线圈bobina original熔化fundir副线圈vice-bobina座环corona」、a -+4、空载carga vacia硬度dureza误差error耐久性durabilidad脉冲impulso剪断销pestillo导水机构con ductor hidr culico立轴eje logitudinal卧轴eje transversal导叶杆barra de aspa连杆enlace空心的hueco膨胀espansi c n密封hermeticidad, herm etico adj. 磨损desgastar， desgaste m.摩擦系数coeficiente de fricci c n弹性elasticidad振荡<电> oscilaci 印，vibraci cn补气inflar, inflado m.沸腾ebullici c n汽化vaporizar空蚀corrosi c n de aire空化机理mecanismo de cavitaci cn电力工程词汇地回路电流circuito de retorno por tierra 控制电路circuito de control 选择性电路circuito selectivo ；选择电路circuito selector 二次电路circuito secundario ；主电路，干线circuito principal ；原电路circuito primario ；多相电路circuit。
水利水文术语表 中英对照
水圈hydrosphere水体water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology水汽water vapour水文要素hydrologic elements积雪snow cover终雪latest snow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail截留interception填洼depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoff基流base flow阴塞高压blocking high低空急流low－level jet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm气团air mass锋（锋面）front气象meteorology气候区划climatic regionalization气候带climatic zone 小气候microclimate副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone比湿specific humidity蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale霜点frost point霜冻frostbite无霜期frost－free period流域watershed (basin)闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non－enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river盈水河gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream界河boundary river废河道（古河道）dead river凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防levee河长river length河弯river bend弯曲率tortuosity航道navigable channel河段reach潜洲submerged bar水利学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non－uniform flow急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head低强水头（压能）pressure head流速水头（动能）velocity head雷诺数Reymold number韦伯数Weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周wetted perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽深比width－depth ratio落差fall驻波standing wave移动波translation wave河流动力学river dynamics山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield溶解性总固体total dissolved solids离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐度salinity碱度alkalinity酸度acidity电导率electric conductivity混浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate hardness浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice封冻期freeze－up period封冻（封河）freeze－up 平封flat freeze－up立封upright freeze－up冰盖ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze－up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰脊ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰suspended ice cover冰堆ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break－up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上有水accumulation of melt water 月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tide气象潮metorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tidal rise落潮历时duration of tidal fall潮流tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water－table contour map 含水层aquifer含水岩系water－content rock series含水岩组water－content rock formation含水岩性water－content rock property含水介质water－hearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界acquitted boundary透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层acquitter水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度water－holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge凝结水补给condensation recharge 侧向补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface 潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level 潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流lake current梯度流gradient current漂流current of friction湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire 沼泽水量平衡water balance of mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moisture property of mire沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier 谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier 冰原ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier委托观测entrust gauging水文仪器hydrologic instrument直读仪器direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument 遥测仪器remote telemetry unit固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures相应水位equivalent stage水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station 基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站hydrometeorology station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network站网规划hydrologic network planning水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout容许最稀站网minimum network 设站年限station required age基面datum临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross－section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross－section流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section 比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section 辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道motorized cableway手动缆道hand－operating cableway循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测船hydrometric boat水文测桥hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯measuring glass渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long－term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar雪量线snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation pan E－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter钩形水尺hook gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺断面basic gauge辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计float－type stage recorder压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder 超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井stilling well测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深mean depth at a cross－section 干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet line correction测点流速velocity measurement测速垂线surface velocity水面流速velocity at a point测点流速maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速point velocity coefficient中泓流速surface velocity coefficient流速分布velocity distribution 流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流downstream flow逆流upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow－direction measurement体积法cubature流速仪current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪cup－type current－meter旋桨式流速仪propeller－type current－meter 电波流速仪electric wave current－meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current－meter多普勒流速仪Doppler current－meter参证流速仪reference current－meter流量计flow meter文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter毕托管Pitot tube流速仪检定current－meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage水面浮标surface float小浮标small float双浮标double float浮杆float－rod堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure闸门开启高度gate opening行近河槽approach channel行近流速approach velocity堰流weir flow流态flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half－submerged flow孔流sluice flow射流jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution 稀释比dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement照相法photographic method打印法stamp pad method床沙采样器bed material sampler悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler积时式采样器time－integrating sampler瓶式采样器bottled sampler皮囊式采样器collapsible sample泵式采样器pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter推移质采样器bed load sampler网式采样器basket－type sampler吸管pipet光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter 比重计（密度计）hydrometer泥沙沉降sediment settling沉降速度settling velocity平均沉速mean settling velocity絮凝flocculation反凝剂defloeculant粒径particle diameter 中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径mean particle diameter等容粒径nominal diameter投影粒径projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter 几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径sieve diameter沉降粒径settling diameter粒径组fraction of particle size颗粒级配grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线grain－size distribution curve 单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in a vertical对照断面check cross－section控制断面control cross－section消减断面attenuation cross－section水样保存water－sample preservation检出率detected ratio超标率over－limit ratio痕迹量trace未检出nonreadout回收率recovery ratio溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler冰情观测ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号ice code冰情图ice－regime charta初冰日期first－ice date封冰日期freeze－up date解冻日期break－up date终冰日期end ice date封冻历时freeze－up duration水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽open－water width冰流量ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差significant tidal range负波高negative wave height水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir入库水量reservoir inflow出库水量reservoir outflow水库供水reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir水库渗漏量reservoir seepage volume水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change 坝上水位stage behind dam库区水位stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey 水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法method of topographic survey断面法method of cross－section survey淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition 淤积三角洲sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition 岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology代表流域representative basin实验流域experimental basin相似流域similar basin径流实验研究experimental research in runoff 径流场runoff plot人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation蒸发池evaporation tank土壤蒸发器soil evaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪lysimeter地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot合理性检查rational examination电算整编processing by computer水文年鉴water year－book测站考证station examination 站年station year极值extreme value加权平均法weighted mean method断流水位stage of zero flow河干river of zero flow水文过程线hydrograph水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph等值线isopleth分布曲线distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value径流总量total runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流系数runoff coefficient洪峰flood peak洪水流量peak discharge洪水总量flood volume输沙模数modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系stage－discharge relation连时序法chronological method绳套曲线loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method 潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method合轴相关法coaxial correlation method一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系single－valued processing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长extension of relation curve流率表rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法hydrograph method of index sediment concentration真值true value测量值（实测值）measured value最或然值most probable value绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error插机误差（偶然误差）random error允许误差permissible error伪误差（粗差）spurious方差variance标准差standard deviation相对标准差relative standard deviation离差（偏差）deviation闭合差closure error平差adjustment精密度precision准确度correctness垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error分布式数据库distributed type data base集中式数据库concentrated type data base网络式数据库network type data base层次数据库laminarization data base层次数据模型laminarization data model网状数据模型network data model数据量data bulk结点node水文数据库hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报hydrologic firecasting of lake 施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period 潮汐预报tidal prediction旱情预报soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期forecast lead time超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting作业预报operational forecasting预报方案forecast scheme评定标准accuracy standard方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数deterministic coefficient汛seasonal flood 伏汛summer flood汛期flood season防汛flood defence报汛站flood－reporting station报汛站网flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network洪水警报flood warning点雨量point rainfall面雨量areal rainfall泰森多边形Thiessen polygon等雨量线法isohyetal method产流runoff yield蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration 产流面积area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire壤中流prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve初损initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration地下汇流groundwater flow concentration汇流曲线flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线basin flow concentration curve 坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间basin flow concentration time 洪峰滞时peak time lag流域滞时basin time lag等流滞时isochrone单位线unit hydrograph经验单位线empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph 坡地单位线slope unit hydrograph河网单位线river network unit hydrographS－曲线S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph 退水曲线recession curve水文模型hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型scale model比拟模型analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model 水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model 分散式模型distributed model集总式模型lumped model线性水温模型linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model 时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型time－variant hydrologic model 流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构model structure模型参数model parameter模型误差model error模型率定model calibration模型检验model verification水文模拟hydrologic simulation遥测终端机telemetry terminal meter中继机relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率probability of word error接受率receiving probability设计站design station设计流域design watershed代表站representative station参证站bench－mark station典型年（代表年）typicyear水文系列hydrologic series同步系列synchronous series系列代表性series representativeness柱状图histogram诺谟图monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation below reservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood 感潮河段水力计算hydraulic calculation for tidal reach样本容量sample size随机变量random variable随机系列random series累计频率（频率）cumulative frequency经验频率empirical frequency水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve皮尔逊分布Pearson distribution对数正态分布log normal distribution频率分析frequency analysis随机模拟stochastic simulation时间序列time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis 趋势项trend term周期项cycle term随机项stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析）harmonic analysis潜分析spectrum analysis回归分析（相关分析）regression analysis 相关系数correlation coefficient自回归分析autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水design flood溢洪道设计洪水spillway design flood分期设计洪水stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period校核洪水check flood实测洪水observed flood调查洪水investigated flood古洪水paleoflood坝址洪水dam－site flood入库洪水reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年内分配annual distribution of runoff径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期high－water period平水期normal－water period枯水期（枯季）low－flow period丰水年wet year平水年（中水年）normal year枯水年dry year特枯水年extraordinary dry year连续丰水年continuous wet years连续枯水年continuous dry years水文年鉴water year设计雨型design storm pattern暴雨路径storm track暴雨时程分配time distribution of storm暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线storm parametric isoline map 点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient定点定面关系fixed point－fixed area relationship 可能最大露点probable maximum dew point 暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction 流域形状改正watershed shape correction水汽改正moisture correction入流障碍改正inflow obstacle correction综合改正synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法isopercental method可能最大洪水probable maximum flood涝surface water logging渍subsurface waterlogging排涝surface waterlogging control排渍subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划waterlogging control planning排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control 设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量design drainage discharge of subsurface waterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage水荒water famine水资源评价water resources assessment水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价water quantity assessment水质评价water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount 地下水资源量groundwater resources amount 可利用量utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield 可供水量available water supply径流调节runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节reregulating reservoir水库群调节multi－reservoir regulation径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法）chronological series method概率法（数理统计法）probability method随机模拟法stochastic simulation method调节周期regulating period目标函数objective function约束方程constraint equation状态变量state variable决策变量decision variable数学规划mathematic programming线性规划linear programming非线性规划nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling 水库群调度multi－reservoir scheduling水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast抽水蓄能pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统aquatic ecosystem化学径流chemical runoff环境用水environmental water环境水文学environmental hydrology环境水力学environmental hydraulics环境水化学environmental hydrochemistry地下水超量开采groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌）artificial recharge地下水降落漏斗groundwater depression cone 化学水污染chemical water pollution 无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染thermal pollution生物水污染water pollution by organism富营养化eutrophication次生水污染secondary water pollution地下水污染groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution 污染物pollutant污染物迁移transport of pollutant机械迁移physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源artificial pollution source天然污染源natural pollution source污染源调查investigation of pollution sources 污染源控制pollution source control水质参数water quality parameters水质模型water quality model水温模型water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality水环境效益water environmental effect水污染环境效应environmental effect of water pollution水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning 水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control水源保护区protection zone of water source蒸发evaporation水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge水温模型water temperature冰凌ice run水质water quality下垫面underlying surface水文情势hydrologic regime水文效应hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环）hydrologic cycle水量平衡water balance热量平衡heat balance盐量平衡salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux 降雨面积rainfall area降雨分布rainfall distribution暴雨洪水storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯）ice flood冰雪洪水ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood山洪flash flood溃坝洪水dam－break flood大气环流atmospheric circulation行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather风暴潮storm surge风暴中心storm center西风槽westerly trough东风波easterly wave低压槽trough高压脊ridge副热带高压subtropic high温带extratropic zone寒带frigid zone季风monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plum rains阵雨showery rain地形雨aerographic rain 热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone卫星云图satellite cloud picture气压（大气压强）atmospheric pressure海平面气压sea－level pressure湿球温度wet－bulb temperature水汽压vapour pressure饱和水汽压saturation vapour pressure绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和差saturation deficit流域长度basin length流域平均高程basin elevation mean流域平均宽度basin width mean流域平均坡度basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率growth ratio of drainage area 流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristics of basin水系（河系）hydrographic net人工河网artificial drainage network河网密度drainage density明渠open channel河源headwaters冲沟gully溪流brook分支fork串沟bifurcation channel外流河exoreic river内陆河endothecia river减河relief channel控制河段control reach顺流河段straight reach弯曲河段bent reach扩散河段expanding reach收缩河段converging reach游荡河段wandering reach感潮河段tidal reach裁弯河段channel cutoff稳定河槽stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）unstable channel 主槽main channel单式河槽single channel复式河槽compound channel河道横断面river cross－section河道纵断面river longitudinal profile断面特性cross－section characteristics河床形态channel morphology浅滩thoal急潭cataract河漫滩flood plain江心湖channel island有效水头effective head水头损失head loss沿程水头损失frictional head loss局部水头损失local head loss能面比降energy slope水面比降surface slope摩阻比降friction slope附加比降（加速比降）add slope河道比降（河床比降）channel slope水面横比降transverse slope of water surface 倒比降inverse slope总水头线total head line水面线water surface profile糙率roughness谢才系数Chezy coefficient谢才公式Chezy formula曼宁公式Manning formula输水因数（输水率）conveyance factor水跃hydraulic jump水舌nappe回水曲线（壅水曲线）hackwater curve弗汝德数Froude number悬移质suspended load推移质bed load床沙bed material床沙质bed material load冲泻质wash load河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river泥沙起动incipient motion of sediment起动流速competent velocity造床流址dominant discharge泥沙密度density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hypereoncentration of sediment泥石流debris flow水流挟沙能力sediment transport capacity of flow河床演变fluvial process冲刷scar淤积sedimentation沙量平衡sediment balance泥沙输移sediment transport泥沙输移比sediment delivery ratio浆河现象clogging of river sediment flow揭河底现象tearing of river bed天然水质natural water quality水化学hydrochemistry冰清ice regime结冰河流ice－frozen stream封冻河流freeze－up stream稳定封冻河流stable freeze－up stream非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze－up stream 结冰期ice－frozen period初生冰initial ice冰针ice specula冰凇rime ice圆扁冰pan－cake ice冰花frazil slush岸冰border ice初生岸冰initial border ice固定岸冰fixed border ice冲击岸冰agglomerated border ice再生岸冰regenerative border ice残余岸冰residual border ice雪冰slush ice水内冰underwater ice冰屑shuga冰底边ice base boundary冰礁ice reef冰桥ice bridge流冰花slush ice run冰上流水water flow over ice层冰层水ice cover with intercalated water layers融冰thawing冰层塌陷ice sheet depression冰层浮起floating ice cover冰滑动dislodging of ice cover解冻（开河）break－up文开河tranquil break－up。
西班牙语实用工程词汇
Amplitude幅宽Asfalto Diluido稀释沥青amoladora磨光机contactores接触器capa de aislamiento保温隔热层Basureros 垃圾箱Bolsas de plástico (polietileno) 塑料袋（聚乙烯）Bolsas de acopio (polipropileno) 收集袋（聚丙烯）Colchoneta de Esquila 剪切垫Cuchillas 刀片Carretillas 手推车camion de diesel柴油平板车Decatizado蒸呢Obras de Drenaje排水工程pulsadores按钮parametro tecnico技术参数barometro气压计equipo de soldadura por arco electrico弧焊设备电气equipo de soldadura oxiacetilenica氧乙炔焊接设备procedencia 厂家rodillo de vapor inoxidable antiauga 防漏水不锈钢蒸辊Riego de Liga混合灌溉Terraplén路基Manual de instrucciones使用说明书torno paralelo平行车床taladro de banc台钻amoto bomba柴油泵generador electrico发电机montacarga gasolina汽油动叉车montacarga electrico电动叉车transpalet electrico电动托盘搬运车remolque tipo volqueta自卸拖车Balanza de alta Capacidad 500 Kg\300Kg500KG秤Maquinaria Y Equipos Complementarios机械及附加设备Camioneta Doblecabina两仓式轻型载重汽车Esquilador Electrica. 电动推剪Tijera de esquila. 剪刀Balanza de PresiÓn. 精密秤Equipos de oficina办公设备Computadora Portatil. 笔记本电脑Impresora Laser 激光打印机Mobiliario 家具Escritorio Secretarial en “L”“L”型写字台Sillas operativas 转椅Estación de trabajo modular 模块化工作站Gavetero 抽屉柜Estante Alto 高架Librero 书架Escritorio rectangular 矩形台Sillas estaticas 椅子Portapapeles 写字板Roperos personales: 15 个人衣柜Veladores personales: 15 个人圆桌Palas 铁锹Picotas 镐Pico de loro 鹦鹉嘴钳Escobillas 刷子Juego de amarres (estacas y cuerdas) 固定锚（木桩和绳子）Mesa 工作台Afiladora eléctrica 电动磨刀Piedras afiladoras 磨刀石Fichas de identificación 识别卡Celulosa纤维Papel higienico卫生纸Kraft 牛皮纸Retroexcavadora反铲挖掘机Compresor 230-600 CFM 压缩机230-600 CFMMartillo Neumatico a Oruga (Drill) 履带式气锤Equipo distribuidor de Agregado Autopropulsado自动推进式配料机械Planta de Asfalto (DcyG)沥青厂Terminadora de concreto asfaltico沥青混凝土摊铺机Grupo electrogeno 发电机组Camion Servicio con Grua/Pluma 带有起重机/悬臂服务的卡车Camion de estacas <8 Ton仓栅式车卡车Planta de Clasificacion分类站Grua 25 ton 起重机25吨Escoba mecanica remolcable牵引式机械扫帚Martillo neumatico气锤Pala Cargadora Cat 950 装载机Equipo de corte Oxi-Acetileno氧乙炔切割设备Camion mixer搅拌车Tractor Oruga D7履带式拖拉机D7Compactador Vibratorio tanden串联式振动压路机会计词汇Préstamo借款liquidación结算 transacción交易 entrega交货 tarifa价目表 precio价格 moneda货币 contrato 合同aduana 海关 aduana/arancel 关税acción 股份accionista 股东oferta y demanda供求 efectuar el pago 付款persona jurídica 法人 tipo de cambio 兑换率empresa de propietario único独资公司 empresa mixta合资企业 agente exclusivo 独家代理bloquear冻结bienes mobiliarios动产 presidente del consejo de administración董事长 consejo de administración董事会 accionista administrado 董事r pago preliminar 定金establecer el precio 定价pedido/orden订单dar en prenda抵押cumplirse el plazo/expirar el plazo 到期 llegada de géneros 到货precio CIF 到岸价格precio por pieza单价 acta de caución 担保书avalar 担保agente代理人 agencia代理处 depósito存款 existencia 存货licencia de exportación 出口许可证arancel de exportación 出口税subvención de exportación出口补贴 barreras de salida 出口壁垒exportar/exportación 出口déficit赤字 expedidor de fletes 承运商 precio de fabricación成本价 rendimiento 产值/利润participación en el capital accionario参股 material材料costo variable 变动成本principal/capital 本金endosar/firma de aval 背书oferta/cotizar 报价declaración arancelaria报关 retribución 报酬seguro/contraer seguro 保险valores garantizados 保息证券póliza de seguro 保单embalaje 包装fletar un buque包船póliza contra riesgos de acarreo包运保险单 pago de transporte 搬运费barco mercante 班轮F.A.B.(Franco a bordo) 离岸价格F.A.C.(Franco a1 costado de vapor) 船边交货价格C.S.F.(Costo,seguro y flete) 到岸价格C.F.(Costo y flete) 成本加运费价格C.S.(Costo y seguro) 成本加保险费价格C.S.F. y C. (Costo, seguro, flete y comisión) 成本、保险费、运费加佣金价格C.S.F.y G. (Costo, seguro, flete y gastos de cambio) 成本、保险费、运费加汇费价格C.S. F. e I. (Costo, seguro, flete e interés) 成本、保险费、运赞、加利息价格Franco Franc 法郎（价格）Bordo Borad 上船Costado Broadside 舷侧（船边）Vapor Steamer 轮船Costo Expense 成本Seguro Insurance 保险Flete Freight 运费Comisión Commission 佣金Gasto Expense 费用Cambio Change 兑换Interés Interest 利息外贸业务中常用的通讯手段和联系方式：llamar por teléfono 打电话,llamada 一通电话,fax 传真fotocopia 复印从事外贸的主要职位：secretaría 秘书director 经理director general 总经理director de ventas 销售经理外贸中的一些专业名词：proyecto de pedido 订货单cotización 报价，开价entrega 交货porcentaje 百分比，百分率crédito 贷款deudas 债务divisa 外汇pagar al contado 现金支付gastos 费用impuestos 税licitación 投标licencia 许可证carta de crédito 信用证contabilidad会计学contabilidad financiera财务会计plan general contable会计制度cuentas anuales年度报告balance de situación资产负债表cuenta de pérdidas y ganancias/resultados损益表，利润表 estado de flujo de efectivos现金流量表estado de cambios en el patrimonio neto权益变动表memoria财务情况说明书estructura financiera资本结构deuda债券acreedor债权人，贷方deudor债务人，借方principal本金interés利息montante总本金a corto plazo短期a largo plazo长期devengo权责发生制原则，应计基础empresa en funcionamiento持续经营principio de dualidad借贷法则información asimétrica信息不对称activo/ bienes资产derechos权利obligaciones义务pasivo负债patrimonio neto业主权益beneficios/ rendimiento económico收益empréstito委托贷款IVA增值税fuerza mayor天灾，不可抗力depreciación折旧cuentas anuales consolidadas综合财务报表registro/libro contable会计帐簿，会计记录arrendamiento financiero融资租赁arrendamiento operativo经营性租赁cuadro de amortización摊销明细表resultado del ejercicio当期利润valor neto realizable可变现净值、可实现净值 dividendo股利debe借haber贷asiento contable会计分录ciclo contable会计循环hecho económico经济业务libro mayor T字记账法，丁字账户libro diario日记账balance de comprobación试算表hacienda publica纳税人auditoria审计presupuesto预算método FIFO先进先出coste fijo固定成本coste total全部成本ingreso neto净利润otros ingresos其它收入accionistas股东precio de venta零售价格deterioro磨损vida útil使用年限，应计折旧年限a plazos分期método indirecto间接法método directo直接法marcas商标fiabilidad客观性，真实性，可靠性relevante相关性，有用性imagen fiel如实反映claridad简明，明晰性comprensible通俗易懂comparable可比性devengo及时性uniformidad统一性，一致性，连贯性prudencia谨慎性importancia relativa重要性clasificación分类usuarios externos外部使用者accionistas股东inversores投资人entidades financieras o prestamistas银行或其他债权人empleados员工público en general社会大众saldar结出余额saldo余额cargar/adeudar/debitar在“借”方登记abonar/acreditar/datar在"贷"方登记cierre de cuentas结账cuentas compensadoras备抵账户préstamos y partidas a cobrar贷款和应收款项inversiones mantenidas hasta el vencimiento持有至到期投资activos financieros mantenidas para negociar交易性投资activos financieros disponibles para la venta可供出售金融投资estado de flujos de efectivo现金流量表cronológico序时sistemático系统descuentos折扣deducciones y bonificaciones减免retenciones留成税presupuesto预算aceptación/ letra aceptada承兑、已承兑票据、验收error contable会计差错método contable会计方法principios/normas contables会计原则intereses devengados应计利息precio de adquisición购置成本coste (histórico)历史成本，原始成本administrador财产管理人anticipo预付款anualidades年金traspaso/trasferencia转让，过户embargo扣押，查封subasta拍卖trueque/permuta以货易货，实物交易sueldo base基础工资donar遗赠base fiscal计税基础diferencias permanentes永久性差异diferencias temporaria暂时性差异base imponible应税所得letra de cambio汇票，本票factura/pagaré票据，汇票，帐单pagaré欠条cheque发票buena fe忠实，诚实cancelar注销comisión佣金，手续费librador出票人librado受票人，付款人，承兑人razón social商号valor de cotización市价reducción de capital减资ampliación de capital增资instalación安装ejercicio会计期activarse资本化impuesto de sociedades企业所得税pasivo corriente流动负债préstamo bancario银行借款póliza de seguros保单cuadrar cuentas使借贷双方总和相等cuadro de cuentas会计科目表valor residual残值valor añadido增值disponible库存现金especulación投机apalacamiento资金杠杆quiebra破产solvencia偿付能力liquidez流通性endoso背书fondo propio业主资本capital social(100)股本(注册资本)fondo social(101)社会基金(非营利组织的资本)capital(102)个人企业资本socios por desembolsos no exigidos(103)已认股本socios por aportaciones no dinerarias pendientes(104)未付非现金资产prima de emisión o asunción(110)股票溢价reserva legal(112)法定盈余公积reserva voluntaria(113)任意盈余公积（减去商业登记费）reservas especiales(114)特别盈余公积diferencias por ajuste del capital a euros(119)外币资本折算差额remanente(120)未分配利润resultados negativos de ejercicios anteriores(121)以前年度损益调整resultado del ejercicio(129)本年利润subvenciones oficiales de capital(130)政府补贴donaciones y legados de capital(131)待转资产价值otras subvenciones, donaciones y legados(132)其它补贴，捐赠跟遗产diferencias de conversión(135)外币资本折算差额provisiones(14)准备金（预计亏损）provisiones para impuestos(141)税务准备金provisión por desmantelamiento...(143)卸载准备金deudas a largo plazo con partes vinculadas(16)长期借款——关系人deudas a largo plazo con entidades de crédito(170)长期借款——银行deudas a largo plazo(171)长期借款proveedores de inmovilizado a largo plazo(173)长期应付款（固定资产）acreedores por arrendamiento financiero a largo plazo(174)长期应付款（融资租赁）efectos a pagar a largo plazo(175)长期应付票据pasivo por derivados financieros a largo plazo(176)金融衍生工具(长期) obligaciones y bonos(177)应付债券fianzas recibidas a largo plazo(180)长期保证金acciones o participaciones emitidas(190)已发行股本activo corriente流动资产activo no corriente(grupo 2)固定资产inmovilizado material(21)有形资产construcciones(211)建筑，房屋及建物instalaciones técnicas(212)技术设备utillaje(214)工具mobiliario(216)家具equipos para procesos de información(217)电脑设备elementos de transporte(218)运输设备otro inmovilizado material(219)其它有形资产inmovilizado intangible(20)无形资产investigación(200)研究desarrollo(201)开发concesiones administrativas(202)政府特许经营权elementos y conjuntos incorporables(320)辅助材料repuestos(322)修理用品备件，备用配件embalajes(326)包装材料envases(327)容器material de oficina(328)文具用品productos en curso(33)在产品，在途商品productos semiterminados(34)半成品productos terminados(35)产成品，制成品subproducto(36)副产品deterioro de valor de existencias(39)存货跌价准备proveedor(400)应付账款（主营业）proveedores, efectos comerciales a pagar(401)应付票据acreedores por prestaciones de servicios(410)应付账款（营业外，比如水电费）anticipo a proveedores(407)预付账款clientes(430)应收账款clientes, efectos comerciales a cobrar(431)应收票据clientes, operaciones de factoring(432)应收账款保理clientes de dudoso cobro(436)贷款损失准备（可能无法收回的票据）anticipo de clientes(438)预收账款deudores varios(44)其它应收账款anticipo de remuneraciones(460)员工借支remuneraciones pendientes de pago(465)应付薪工Administraciones Públicas(47)公共行政Hacienda Pública, IVA soportado(472)应交增值税——进项税额H.P. IVA repercutido(477)应交增值税——销项税额Hacienda Pública, deudora por IVA(4700)转出未交增值税Hacienda Pública, acreedora por IVA(4750)转出多交增值税Organismos de la Seguridad Social, deudores(471)社会保障局，债务人Activo por impuesto diferido/diferencias temporaras deducibles(474)递延所得税资产Organismos de la Seguridad Social, acreedores(476)社会保障局，债权人pasivos por impuesto diferido/diferencias temporarias imponibles(479)递延所得税负债gastos anticipados(480)待摊费用ingresos anticipados(485)预收收入obligaciones y bonos a corto plazo(500)短期应付债券deudas a corto plazo con partes vinculadas(51)短期贷款——关系人deudas a corto plazo con entidades de crédito(520)短期贷款（银行）deudas a corto plazo(521)短期贷款deudas a corto plazo transformables en subvenciones, donaciones y legados(522)可转成补贴的短期贷款proveedores de inmovilizado a corto plazo(523)短期应付款（固定资产）acreedores por arrendamiento financiero a corto plazo(524)短期应付款（融资租赁）efectos a pagar a corto plazo(525)短期应付票据dividendo activo a pagar(526)应付股息intereses a corto plazo de deudas(528)短期利息费用provisiones a corto plazo(529)短期准备金(预计亏损)inversiones financieras a corto plazo en partes vinculadas(53)短期投资——公司债Inversiones financieras a corto plazo en instrumentos de patrimonio(540)短期股权投资valores representativos de deudas a corto plazo(541)短期债券投资créditos a corto plazo(542)短期信贷créditos a corto plazo por enajenación de inmovilizado(543)短期应收款（资产出售专用）créditos a corto plazo al personal(544)短期借款给员工dividendos a cobrar(545)应收股利intereses a corto plazo de valores representativos de deuda(546)应收利息（债券投资）intereses a corto plazo de créditos(547)短期应收信贷利息dividendo activo a cuenta(557)利润分配socios por desembolsos exigidos(558)以认股本（已发出缴纳通知）derivados financieros a corto plazo(559)金融衍生工具(短期)tesorería(57)货币资金caja, euros(570)现金，欧元bancos e instituciones de crédito c/c vista, euros(572)银行存款，欧元bancos e instituciones de crédito c/c vista, moneda extranjera(573)外埠存款deterioro de valor de inversiones financieras a corto plazo(59)短期投资减值准备compras(60)进货，物资采购descuentos sobre compras por pronto pago(606)预付折扣devoluciones de compras y operaciones similares(608)进货退出rappels por compra(609)进货折让(达到一定的订货量)variación de existencias(61)存货变动gastos en investigación y desarrollo del ejercicio(620)研发费用arrendamiento y cánones(621)租金费用reparaciones y conservación(622)修缮费servicios profesionales independientes(623)劳务成本transportes(624)差旅费prima de seguro(625)保险费servicios bancarios y similares(626)银行费用publicidad, propaganda y relaciones públicas(627)市场及推广支出项目，广告费，业务招待费suministros(628)水电瓦斯费otros servicios(629)其它（服务）费用impuesto sobre beneficios(630)所得税otros impuestos(631)其它税务devolución de impuestos(636)税款退还sueldos y salarios(640)应付职工薪酬indemnizaciones(641)辞退福利seguridad social a cargo de la empresa(642)社会保障金（企业负担）pérdidas de créditos comerciales incobrables(650)客户贷款损失？（已确定无法收回）gastos financieros(66)财务费用intereses de obligaciones y bonos(661)债券利息intereses de deudas(662)利息费用pérdidas por valoración de instrumentos financieros por su valor razonable(663) 短期投资跌价准备diferencias negativas de cambio(668)汇兑损失diferencias positivas de cambio(768)兑换盈益pérdida procedente del inmovilizado intangible(670)无形资产损失gasto excepcional(678)非正常损失dotación, amortización del inmovilizado intangible(680)无形资产折旧dotación, amortización del inmovilizado material(681)有形资产折旧dotación, amortización de las inversiones inmobiliarias(682)投资性不动产折旧venta de mercadería(700)销货收入prestaciones de servicios(705)业务收入descuentos sobre ventas por pronto pago(706)销货折让devoluciones de ventas y operaciones similares(708)销货退回rappels sobre venta(709)销货折让(订货量达到一定的水平) subvenciones, donaciones y legados(74)补贴，捐赠收入ingresos por arrendamiento(752)租金收入ingresos por comisiones(754)手续费及佣金收入ingresos por servicios diversos(759)其他业务收入ingresos de participaciones en instrumentos de patrimonio(760)股利收入beneficios procedentes de activos no corrientes e ingresos excepcionales(77) 不动产收入跟非正常收入beneficios procedentes de inmovilizado material(770)处分不动产、厂房及设备利益ingreso excepcional(778)非正常收入exceso y aplicaciones de provisiones y de pérdidas por deterioro(79)多出的亏损准备金跟坏账准备variación de existencias de productos terminados y en curso de fabricación(71, 6930, 7930)制成品与在制品存货变动gastos de personal职工福利费用importe neto de cifra de negocios营业收入ingresos financieros财务收益gastos financieros财务费用resultado antes de impuestos息税前利润resultado de explotación经营利润resultado financiero投资收益数量金额式明细账flujo de efectivos de las actividades de explotación经营活动产生的现金流量flujo de efectivos de las actividades de inversión投资活动产生的现金流量flujos de efectivo de las actividades de financiación筹资活动产生的现金流量efecto de las variaciones de los tipos de cambio汇率变动对现金的影响额aumento/disminución neta del efectivo o equivalentes现金及现金等价物净增加额efectivo o equivalentes al final del ejercicio现金及等价物的期末余额efectivo o equivalentes al comienzo del ejercicio现金及等价物的期初余额。
西班牙语工程词汇
Replanteo 放样Limpieza清表desbroce 清表强调植被的清除Las boras viviles 土建工程Especificaicones tecnicas 技术规Captaicon del rio 取水工程或者用toma del rio 取水后者更常用Area del ambalse 蓄水区域Presa大坝Obras anexas附属工程Area de prestamos 租界区域Areas vecinas 临近区域Taludes边坡Forma de pago支付方式Obras de desvio 倒流工程Excavacion开挖Desvio del rio 河水倒流Desalojo del agua de fundacion 基底排水Cuidado del rio 河流的维护Cierredel tunel隧洞的封堵Tapon de hormigon混凝土堵头Las instalaciones temporales临时设施Ataguia围堰La margen河Dique防护墙导流工程出口处防止倒流水冲击的设施Desvio definitivo最终倒流Desalojo del auga de fundacion 基底排水Excavacion a cielo abierto 明挖露天开外Metodologia 方案监理整天大事小事都要有方案才同意Dimension 尺寸Asentamiento基础Precaucion预防措施Derrumbe 塌方Erosion 剥蚀Sobre excavacion过度开挖超挖隧洞里最怕这个一旦超挖还要填回去还要自己承担费用Empotramiento de la presa 大坝嵌入Voladura爆破Disposicion de materales de excavacion开挖料Entibado支撑Ancelaje peno锚杆Barra de anclaje 锚铁棒Anclage postensado 后拉紧锚索Red metalica,malla metalica金属网钢网Hormigon lanzado喷混凝土Seccion con entibado支撑面Gavion石笼Enrocado堆石Enrocado hormigonado 混凝土堆石Preconsolidacion 预先固结Tratamiento superficail表面处理Acabado del hormigon 混凝土收尾Cuirado养护Juntas impermeable 防水连接Inferferencia entre obras 工程妨碍Control de voladura 爆破控制Iluminacion 照明Ventilacion通风Drenaje排水Ruido噪音Explosivo爆破物Tunel 坑道Pozo矿井TBM隧道挖掘机Tunel para construccion施工通道Perforacion 钻井Perforaciones para drenaje排水钻井Perforacion prar inyeccion 灌浆钻井Evacuacion del agua en daleria巷道排水Evacuacion del agua en pozo 矿井排水Captacion de filtraciones e impermeabilzacion 防水渗漏系统Cemento 水泥Tipo de cemento 水泥水泥标号Trasporte 运输Almacenamiento存储Fuentes de abastecimiento 供应源Agregado骨料Diseno de mezacla 配合比Impureza indeseable 有害杂质Granulometria粒径Agregado fino 细骨料Agregado grueso粗骨料Agregado manufacturado 加工的骨料Aditivos quimico化学添加剂Acelerante速凝剂Introductores de aire 引气剂Reductores de agua retardante 缓凝减水剂Microsilica 微硅粉Dosificaicon de hormigon 配比Clases de hormigon 等级Contenido de cemento 水泥含量Hormigon ciclopeo 大体积混凝土Mortero para instalacion de quipo 设备安装所用砂浆Proporcion de las mezclas 拌合比例Preparacion del hormigon 混凝土拌合Plantas dosificadora配比站Dosificaicon de materiale 材料配比Aditivio 添加剂Balanza 称量Mezcladora estacionarias 固定拌和站Mezcladora moviles 移动拌和站Encofrado模板Encofrado curvos prar trasiciones 过渡弯曲模板Sujecion de los encofrado 模板固定Hormigon de segunda stapa 二期混凝土Compactacion振捣Cuirado de agua 水养护Cuirado del hormigon de alta resistencia 高抗混凝土养护Laboratorio实验室Reparaciones del hormigon 混凝土修复Acabados 混凝土收尾Superficies de hormigon a la vista 可见混凝土表面Superficies formada sin encofarado非模板形成的表面Inyeccion灌浆Bubdivision de los trabajos工作细化Perforadora凿岩机Permeabilidad con agua渗水性Planta de ynyeccion灌浆车间Tuberias管道系统Mezcals灰泥Arena 沙子Aditivos添加剂Secciones 截面Tramos地段Inyecciones de contacto 接触灌浆Inyecciones de consolidacion加固灌浆Inyeccion a presion 高压灌浆Inyecciones de cavidades de gran volumen 打孔灌浆Tramos de prueba de inyeccion灌浆试验地段Parametro de inyeccion 灌浆参数Memoria descriptiva de la metodologia del contratista 承包商工作方法报告Criterios de suspension de la inyeccion 悬液灌浆的标准Lechadas 砂浆Inyeccion de impermeabilizacion 防水灌浆Inyecciones con tubos valvulado阀管的灌浆Acero de refuerzo 钢筋Fibra de acero 钢纤维Mallas electrosoldad 电焊Soportes支架Pernos 螺栓Electrodos 电极Piezas forjadas 铸件Galvanizado 镀锌Examenes mediante ensayos no destructivo 通过无损性测试Montaje 装配Estructuras de acero galvanizado 镀锌钢结构Proteccion anticorrosiva 防腐蚀Cielo paso falso 光滑仿天花板Chimeneas de equilibrio调压井Minicentral 小水电Juntas de dilatacion 膨胀头Plomadas inversas 反向铅垂Miras de nivelacion水平标尺Vertederos para medicion caudales de infiltracion 过滤流量液压自卸装置Sensore piezometrico 测压传感器Sismografos 地震仪Acelerometros 加速计Sirena 警报器Preparacion de las cimentaciones 打地基Colocacion de relleno 铺设辅料Rellenos con material aluvial 填充冲击物料Relleno con grava para drenes填充碎石物料Relleno con material de prestamo 填充外来物料Suelo organico 有机土壤Tuberias embebidas 嵌入式管道Desagües de piso 地面排水Válvulas de retención 止回阀Registros de limpieza 清理调节装置Uniones de tuberías 管路连接Uniones roscadas 螺纹接口Uniones soldadas 焊接连接Uniones pegadas 胶合连接Uniones con empaque de caucho 橡胶包裹连接SOLDADURA 焊接FABRICACIÓN 生产GALVANIZACIÓN 镀锌INSTALACIÓN 安装EJECUCIÓN 施工Proceso de soldadura 焊接工艺Soldadura manual 手工焊接Soldadura manual 手工焊接Soldadura automática 自动焊接Precalentamiento 预热MARTILLADO 捶打ELECTRODOS 焊条PREPARACIÓN DE LOS BORDES 边缘修整EQUIPO DE ESMERILAR 打磨设备SOLDADURA DE ACERO INOXIDABLE 不锈钢焊接LIMPIEZA Y DESBROCE 清洗和清理MOVIMIENTO DE TIERRAS 地面移动USO DE EXPLOSIVOS 炸药的使用Cunetas laterales 两侧沟渠Cunetas de berma y cunetas de coronación 护坡沟渠和顶部沟渠Alcantarillas de hormigón armado 钢筋混凝土下水道Alcantarillas de tubo de metal corrugado 金属波纹管下水道Sub-drenaje 地下排水Drenes horizontales 水平排水SUB-BASE DE AGREGADOS 骨料地下基础Control de compactación 压实控制CAPA DE RODADURA 滚压层PLACAS DE NEOPRENO 聚氯丁烯板SEGURIDAD Y SEÑALIZACIÓN 安全和信号Caminos permanentes永久道路Caminos de construcción施工道路Mantenimiento de caminos道路维护Capa de rodadura con asfalto沥青滚动层MAMPOSTERÍA 毛石建筑Acabado de los pisos de hormigón 混凝土地面的精加工Pisos de Porcelanato 瓷砖地板Pisos de Cerámica 瓷地面Pisos de adoquín 路面石地面Pisos de grava 砾石地面Revestimiento con césped 草皮铺设REVESTIMIENTOS DE MAMPOSTERÍA 毛石建筑层PAREDES DE ROCA EXPUESTA 裸露石块的墙体CIELO RASO EXPUESTO 天花板PASAMANOS 护栏ESCALERAS 楼梯CUBIERTAS DE HORMIGÓN 混凝土层INSTALACIONES SANITARIAS 卫生间设施Red de agua potable饮用水网Red de aguas servidas 自来水网Cajas de revisión 维修箱Pozos y sumideros 井和下水道. Aparatos sanitarios 卫生设备CERRAMIENTOS DE MALLA 网栅围栏INSTALACIONES ELECTRICAS 电气设施Configuración de la puesta a tierra 接地布置Red de tierra de las casas de máquinas 机房接地网Red de tierra de las subestaciones 变电站的接地网Red a tierra de los túneles de descarga 卸载通道的接地网Cables 电缆Varillas de puestas de tierra 接地杆Conexiones de las mallas 网连接Cajas de conexión 接线箱Electroductos no metálicos 非金属电导体Electroductos de acero rígido 硬钢电导体Conductores embebidos en el hormigón 混凝土嵌入式导体Conductores enterrados 地下导体Varillas para puesta a tierra 接地杆Conexiones exotérmicas 放热连接Superficies con enlucido de cemento 水泥石Word 资料。
水利水文术语表 中英对照
水圈hydrosphere水体water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology水汽water vapour水文要素hydrologic elements积雪snow cover终雪latest snow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail截留interception填洼depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoff基流base flow阴塞高压blocking high低空急流low－level jet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm气团air mass锋（锋面）front气象meteorology气候区划climatic regionalization气候带climatic zone 小气候microclimate副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone比湿specific humidity蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale霜点frost point霜冻frostbite无霜期frost－free period流域watershed (basin)闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non－enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river盈水河gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream界河boundary river废河道（古河道）dead river凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防levee河长river length河弯river bend弯曲率tortuosity航道navigable channel河段reach潜洲submerged bar水利学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non－uniform flow急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head低强水头（压能）pressure head流速水头（动能）velocity head雷诺数Reymold number韦伯数Weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周wetted perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽深比width－depth ratio落差fall驻波standing wave移动波translation wave河流动力学river dynamics山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield溶解性总固体total dissolved solids离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐度salinity碱度alkalinity酸度acidity电导率electric conductivity混浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate hardness浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice封冻期freeze－up period封冻（封河）freeze－up 平封flat freeze－up立封upright freeze－up冰盖ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze－up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰脊ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰suspended ice cover冰堆ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break－up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上有水accumulation of melt water 月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tide气象潮metorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tidal rise落潮历时duration of tidal fall潮流tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water－table contour map 含水层aquifer含水岩系water－content rock series含水岩组water－content rock formation含水岩性water－content rock property含水介质water－hearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界acquitted boundary透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层acquitter水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度water－holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge凝结水补给condensation recharge 侧向补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface 潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level 潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流lake current梯度流gradient current漂流current of friction湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire 沼泽水量平衡water balance of mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moisture property of mire沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier 谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier 冰原ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier委托观测entrust gauging水文仪器hydrologic instrument直读仪器direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument 遥测仪器remote telemetry unit固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures相应水位equivalent stage水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station 基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站hydrometeorology station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network站网规划hydrologic network planning水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout容许最稀站网minimum network 设站年限station required age基面datum临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross－section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross－section流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section 比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section 辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道motorized cableway手动缆道hand－operating cableway循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测船hydrometric boat水文测桥hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯measuring glass渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long－term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar雪量线snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation pan E－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter钩形水尺hook gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺断面basic gauge辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计float－type stage recorder压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder 超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井stilling well测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深mean depth at a cross－section 干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet line correction测点流速velocity measurement测速垂线surface velocity水面流速velocity at a point测点流速maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速point velocity coefficient中泓流速surface velocity coefficient流速分布velocity distribution 流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流downstream flow逆流upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow－direction measurement体积法cubature流速仪current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪cup－type current－meter旋桨式流速仪propeller－type current－meter 电波流速仪electric wave current－meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current－meter多普勒流速仪Doppler current－meter参证流速仪reference current－meter流量计flow meter文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter毕托管Pitot tube流速仪检定current－meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage水面浮标surface float小浮标small float双浮标double float浮杆float－rod堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure闸门开启高度gate opening行近河槽approach channel行近流速approach velocity堰流weir flow流态flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half－submerged flow孔流sluice flow射流jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution 稀释比dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement照相法photographic method打印法stamp pad method床沙采样器bed material sampler悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler积时式采样器time－integrating sampler瓶式采样器bottled sampler皮囊式采样器collapsible sample泵式采样器pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter推移质采样器bed load sampler网式采样器basket－type sampler吸管pipet光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter 比重计（密度计）hydrometer泥沙沉降sediment settling沉降速度settling velocity平均沉速mean settling velocity絮凝flocculation反凝剂defloeculant粒径particle diameter 中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径mean particle diameter等容粒径nominal diameter投影粒径projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter 几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径sieve diameter沉降粒径settling diameter粒径组fraction of particle size颗粒级配grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线grain－size distribution curve 单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in a vertical对照断面check cross－section控制断面control cross－section消减断面attenuation cross－section水样保存water－sample preservation检出率detected ratio超标率over－limit ratio痕迹量trace未检出nonreadout回收率recovery ratio溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler冰情观测ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号ice code冰情图ice－regime charta初冰日期first－ice date封冰日期freeze－up date解冻日期break－up date终冰日期end ice date封冻历时freeze－up duration水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽open－water width冰流量ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差significant tidal range负波高negative wave height水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir入库水量reservoir inflow出库水量reservoir outflow水库供水reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir水库渗漏量reservoir seepage volume水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change 坝上水位stage behind dam库区水位stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey 水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法method of topographic survey断面法method of cross－section survey淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition 淤积三角洲sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition 岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology代表流域representative basin实验流域experimental basin相似流域similar basin径流实验研究experimental research in runoff 径流场runoff plot人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation蒸发池evaporation tank土壤蒸发器soil evaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪lysimeter地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot合理性检查rational examination电算整编processing by computer水文年鉴water year－book测站考证station examination 站年station year极值extreme value加权平均法weighted mean method断流水位stage of zero flow河干river of zero flow水文过程线hydrograph水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph等值线isopleth分布曲线distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value径流总量total runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流系数runoff coefficient洪峰flood peak洪水流量peak discharge洪水总量flood volume输沙模数modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系stage－discharge relation连时序法chronological method绳套曲线loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method 潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method合轴相关法coaxial correlation method一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系single－valued processing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长extension of relation curve流率表rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法hydrograph method of index sediment concentration真值true value测量值（实测值）measured value最或然值most probable value绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error插机误差（偶然误差）random error允许误差permissible error伪误差（粗差）spurious方差variance标准差standard deviation相对标准差relative standard deviation离差（偏差）deviation闭合差closure error平差adjustment精密度precision准确度correctness垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error分布式数据库distributed type data base集中式数据库concentrated type data base网络式数据库network type data base层次数据库laminarization data base层次数据模型laminarization data model网状数据模型network data model数据量data bulk结点node水文数据库hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报hydrologic firecasting of lake 施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period 潮汐预报tidal prediction旱情预报soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期forecast lead time超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting作业预报operational forecasting预报方案forecast scheme评定标准accuracy standard方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数deterministic coefficient汛seasonal flood 伏汛summer flood汛期flood season防汛flood defence报汛站flood－reporting station报汛站网flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network洪水警报flood warning点雨量point rainfall面雨量areal rainfall泰森多边形Thiessen polygon等雨量线法isohyetal method产流runoff yield蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration 产流面积area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire壤中流prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve初损initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration地下汇流groundwater flow concentration汇流曲线flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线basin flow concentration curve 坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间basin flow concentration time 洪峰滞时peak time lag流域滞时basin time lag等流滞时isochrone单位线unit hydrograph经验单位线empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph 坡地单位线slope unit hydrograph河网单位线river network unit hydrographS－曲线S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph 退水曲线recession curve水文模型hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型scale model比拟模型analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model 水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model 分散式模型distributed model集总式模型lumped model线性水温模型linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model 时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型time－variant hydrologic model 流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构model structure模型参数model parameter模型误差model error模型率定model calibration模型检验model verification水文模拟hydrologic simulation遥测终端机telemetry terminal meter中继机relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率probability of word error接受率receiving probability设计站design station设计流域design watershed代表站representative station参证站bench－mark station典型年（代表年）typicyear水文系列hydrologic series同步系列synchronous series系列代表性series representativeness柱状图histogram诺谟图monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation below reservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood 感潮河段水力计算hydraulic calculation for tidal reach样本容量sample size随机变量random variable随机系列random series累计频率（频率）cumulative frequency经验频率empirical frequency水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve皮尔逊分布Pearson distribution对数正态分布log normal distribution频率分析frequency analysis随机模拟stochastic simulation时间序列time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis 趋势项trend term周期项cycle term随机项stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析）harmonic analysis潜分析spectrum analysis回归分析（相关分析）regression analysis 相关系数correlation coefficient自回归分析autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水design flood溢洪道设计洪水spillway design flood分期设计洪水stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period校核洪水check flood实测洪水observed flood调查洪水investigated flood古洪水paleoflood坝址洪水dam－site flood入库洪水reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年内分配annual distribution of runoff径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期high－water period平水期normal－water period枯水期（枯季）low－flow period丰水年wet year平水年（中水年）normal year枯水年dry year特枯水年extraordinary dry year连续丰水年continuous wet years连续枯水年continuous dry years水文年鉴water year设计雨型design storm pattern暴雨路径storm track暴雨时程分配time distribution of storm暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线storm parametric isoline map 点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient定点定面关系fixed point－fixed area relationship 可能最大露点probable maximum dew point 暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction 流域形状改正watershed shape correction水汽改正moisture correction入流障碍改正inflow obstacle correction综合改正synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法isopercental method可能最大洪水probable maximum flood涝surface water logging渍subsurface waterlogging排涝surface waterlogging control排渍subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划waterlogging control planning排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control 设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量design drainage discharge of subsurface waterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage水荒water famine水资源评价water resources assessment水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价water quantity assessment水质评价water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount 地下水资源量groundwater resources amount 可利用量utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield 可供水量available water supply径流调节runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节reregulating reservoir水库群调节multi－reservoir regulation径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法）chronological series method概率法（数理统计法）probability method随机模拟法stochastic simulation method调节周期regulating period目标函数objective function约束方程constraint equation状态变量state variable决策变量decision variable数学规划mathematic programming线性规划linear programming非线性规划nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling 水库群调度multi－reservoir scheduling水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast抽水蓄能pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统aquatic ecosystem化学径流chemical runoff环境用水environmental water环境水文学environmental hydrology环境水力学environmental hydraulics环境水化学environmental hydrochemistry地下水超量开采groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌）artificial recharge地下水降落漏斗groundwater depression cone 化学水污染chemical water pollution 无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染thermal pollution生物水污染water pollution by organism富营养化eutrophication次生水污染secondary water pollution地下水污染groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution 污染物pollutant污染物迁移transport of pollutant机械迁移physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源artificial pollution source天然污染源natural pollution source污染源调查investigation of pollution sources 污染源控制pollution source control水质参数water quality parameters水质模型water quality model水温模型water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality水环境效益water environmental effect水污染环境效应environmental effect of water pollution水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning 水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control水源保护区protection zone of water source蒸发evaporation水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge水温模型water temperature冰凌ice run水质water quality下垫面underlying surface水文情势hydrologic regime水文效应hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环）hydrologic cycle水量平衡water balance热量平衡heat balance盐量平衡salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux 降雨面积rainfall area降雨分布rainfall distribution暴雨洪水storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯）ice flood冰雪洪水ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood山洪flash flood溃坝洪水dam－break flood大气环流atmospheric circulation行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather风暴潮storm surge风暴中心storm center西风槽westerly trough东风波easterly wave低压槽trough高压脊ridge副热带高压subtropic high温带extratropic zone寒带frigid zone季风monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plum rains阵雨showery rain地形雨aerographic rain 热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone卫星云图satellite cloud picture气压（大气压强）atmospheric pressure海平面气压sea－level pressure湿球温度wet－bulb temperature水汽压vapour pressure饱和水汽压saturation vapour pressure绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和差saturation deficit流域长度basin length流域平均高程basin elevation mean流域平均宽度basin width mean流域平均坡度basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率growth ratio of drainage area 流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristics of basin水系（河系）hydrographic net人工河网artificial drainage network河网密度drainage density明渠open channel河源headwaters冲沟gully溪流brook分支fork串沟bifurcation channel外流河exoreic river内陆河endothecia river减河relief channel控制河段control reach顺流河段straight reach弯曲河段bent reach扩散河段expanding reach收缩河段converging reach游荡河段wandering reach感潮河段tidal reach裁弯河段channel cutoff稳定河槽stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）unstable channel 主槽main channel单式河槽single channel复式河槽compound channel河道横断面river cross－section河道纵断面river longitudinal profile断面特性cross－section characteristics河床形态channel morphology浅滩thoal急潭cataract河漫滩flood plain江心湖channel island有效水头effective head水头损失head loss沿程水头损失frictional head loss局部水头损失local head loss能面比降energy slope水面比降surface slope摩阻比降friction slope附加比降（加速比降）add slope河道比降（河床比降）channel slope水面横比降transverse slope of water surface 倒比降inverse slope总水头线total head line水面线water surface profile糙率roughness谢才系数Chezy coefficient谢才公式Chezy formula曼宁公式Manning formula输水因数（输水率）conveyance factor水跃hydraulic jump水舌nappe回水曲线（壅水曲线）hackwater curve弗汝德数Froude number悬移质suspended load推移质bed load床沙bed material床沙质bed material load冲泻质wash load河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river泥沙起动incipient motion of sediment起动流速competent velocity造床流址dominant discharge泥沙密度density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hypereoncentration of sediment泥石流debris flow水流挟沙能力sediment transport capacity of flow河床演变fluvial process冲刷scar淤积sedimentation沙量平衡sediment balance泥沙输移sediment transport泥沙输移比sediment delivery ratio浆河现象clogging of river sediment flow揭河底现象tearing of river bed天然水质natural water quality水化学hydrochemistry冰清ice regime结冰河流ice－frozen stream封冻河流freeze－up stream稳定封冻河流stable freeze－up stream非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze－up stream 结冰期ice－frozen period初生冰initial ice冰针ice specula冰凇rime ice圆扁冰pan－cake ice冰花frazil slush岸冰border ice初生岸冰initial border ice固定岸冰fixed border ice冲击岸冰agglomerated border ice再生岸冰regenerative border ice残余岸冰residual border ice雪冰slush ice水内冰underwater ice冰屑shuga冰底边ice base boundary冰礁ice reef冰桥ice bridge流冰花slush ice run冰上流水water flow over ice层冰层水ice cover with intercalated water layers融冰thawing冰层塌陷ice sheet depression冰层浮起floating ice cover冰滑动dislodging of ice cover解冻（开河）break－up文开河tranquil break－up。
西班牙语水利水文词汇
西班牙语水利水文词汇团体以为此专业是西语中相对难翻译的，由于很多词汇是中国所造，老外一无所知，又不能因此就都用拼音替代。
所以只好双方一点点沟通揣摩。
词汇的编排没什么顺序，按接触的先后顺序来。
谨以此文纪念太平湾的日子。
想念琢儿和胡儿。
感谢优秀快递员尹教员~~电站central f.水力发电厂planta hidráulica变电站subestación, subcentral发电generar, producir electricidad流量caudal河床lecho del río枢纽punto clave大坝dique, presa弧形arco闸门compuerta水轮机turbina hidráulica轴流式水轮机turbina de flujo axial混流式水轮机turbina mixta还击式水轮机turbina de reacción 冲击式水轮机turbina de impulsión 型号 modelo参数parámetro变压器transformador轴eje轴承cojinete直径diámetro轮叶aspas发电机generador电压voltaje, tensión电流 corriente eléctrica功率potencia电阻 resistencia阻抗impetancia电感inductancia电容 capacitancia电容器condensador电流表amperímetro电压表voltímetro吊车grúa管路 tubo, conducto栅empalizada开关interruptor隔分开关interruptor aislado闸刀开关interruptor de cuchilla 断路器cortador检测supervisar, monitorizar 避雷针pararrayos电源 fuente de alimentación 结构图organigrama电路 circuito集成电路circuito integrado回路bucle短路cortocircuito效率eficiencia磁铁imán磁magnetismo电磁的electromagnético弹簧 muelle线圈/绕组bobina匝espila调理 ajustar继电器relé热继电器relé térmico时间继电器relé de tiempo继电维护protección relevadora 相互关系，相互作用reciprocidad 气态的gaseoso汽油 gasoleno交点 intersección导线 alambre绝缘 aislamiento绝缘体aislante电缆 cable eléctrico插座enchufe维护 mantenimiento笼统的abstracto横剖面sección transversal纵剖面 sección longitudinal蜗壳concha尾水agua de cola用户 usuario图 cuadro,gráfico,diagrama 串联conexión en serie并联conexión en paralelo 电荷 electrón电极electrodo分子molécula电工electricista电网 sistema eléctrico电弧 arco eléctrico向量/矢量vector垂直的perpendicular, vertical 平行的 paralelo感光的fotosensible坐标coordenada横坐标abscisa纵坐标ordenada横线 horizontal曲线curva线段segmento折线quebrada平行四边形paralelogramo对称的simétrico不对称的 asimétrico函数función几何geometría接力器servomotor活塞 pistón一次设备equipo primario二次设备equipo secundario测量仪器 instrumentos de medida 截面sección装置 dispositivo原线圈 bobina original副线圈 vice-bobina空载carga vacía误差error额外电压voltaje nominal电容式capacitivo熔断器fusible三相trifase铁芯núcleo de hierro 粉碎机trituradora按钮pulsador套管〔变压器〕borne风扇ventilador储油盒depósito de aceite母线barra colectora铝aluminio零序secuencia cero正序secuencia positiva负序secuencia negativa后备的supletorio晶体管transistor焊接soldar熔化fundir座环corona硬度dureza耐久性durabilidad脉冲impulso法兰pestaña剪断销pestillo导水机构conductor hidráulico立轴eje logitudinal卧轴eje transversal导叶杆barra de aspa连杆enlace空心的hueco收缩espansión密封hermeticidad, hermético adj.磨损desgastar, desgaste m.摩擦系数coeficiente de fricción弹性elasticidad振荡<电> oscilación, vibración补气inflar, inflado m.橡胶垫圈retén沸腾ebullición汽化vaporizar空蚀corrosión de aire空化机理mecanismo de cavitación 水锤martillos de aguas氧化oxidar冲击，撞击esbestir划痕huella微粒partícula穿孔perforar光泽brillo, glaseado adj.泄露fuga f.尖锐的aguzado惯性inercia电气的eléctrico搅扰estorbar涡旋vórtice动摇性estabilidad不动摇性inestabilidad紧缩comprimir严重化engravecer介质medio发电部departamento de generación 活动性fluidez粘滞性viscosidad相位差desfase转速velocidad giratoria飞逸转速velocidad huida直角坐标coordenadas rectilíneas 矩形rectángulo反应realimentación调速器regulador de velocidad 励磁excitación励磁起励excitación inicial浮充态estado de carga flotante 均充态estado de carga máxima 硫化vulcanización硫化物sulfuro集水井pozo de almacenamiento 分别器separador储气罐tanque del gas消防室cámara por incendio高程escalón冲洗池fregadero厂房taller双投开关inversor复归reponerse气压机compresor de aire消防水泵bomba para incendio风机ventilador消毒desinfectar连片 conectar开关操作把手contactor验电器electroscopio验电笔busca-polo电动势potencial electrodinámico 电枢反响reacción de inducido外径diámetro externo整流型rectificador强度intensidad转换器conmutador气态estado gaseoso模拟信号señal simulada数字信号señal digital水银温度计termómetro de mercurio 集气瓶recipiente槽pesebre汛期temporada de crecida推力轴承cojinete de presión过滤器filtrador, filtro空气冷却器radiador de aire阀门válvula逆止阀válvula contra inversión蝴蝶阀válvula de mariposa盘型阀válvula de plato备用阀válvula de reserva阀组grupo de válvulas轴瓦forro de eje弹性elasticidad排污suspilo, descarga水池algibe风闸cerrodo杂质impureza集油槽depósito de almacenamiento del aceite 压油罐depósito de aceite de presión浮子flotador通气孔agujero de ventilación消火栓manguera示波管osciloscopio示波器oscilógrafo分瓣键pasador〔大锤〕击mazobear套筒manguito链条polea防水的impermeable数据处置procesamiento de datos传感器sensor <工> transductor <电>互感器inductancia mutua酸值índice de ácido硅胶gel de sílice粘度viscosidad乳化emulsión乳化剂 agentes emulsificantes再生器regenerador手轮volante取样muestreo前线alambre cargado零线alambre neutral中和neutralizar导电性conductibilidad腐蚀corroer老化envejecimiento无机orgánico沉淀 precipitación氢氧化物hidróxido厚度espesor呼吸器respirador吸附剂adsorbente防腐剂conservador饱和saturación单相的monofásico三相的trifásico不锈钢acero inosidable萃取extracción提纯purificación蒸馏水agua destilada甘油glicerina外壳caparazón纤维fibra比色计colorímetro异步电动机motor asincrónico步进电动机motor de avance gradual 电抗reactancia锈herrumbre裂痕raja变阻器reóstato膜película水溶性的hidrosoluble渗漏infiltración拧紧apretar巡回ambulante砂眼poro零落desprenderse凸轮leva潜水泵bomba de buceo 油污mugre耐压aguante摇表megóhmetro屏蔽环anillo apantallado 铅皮lámina de plomo。
西班牙语水利水文词汇
西班牙语水利水文词汇西班牙语水利水文词汇水是人类生活中必不可少的资源之一，而水利水文则是我们熟悉的相关领域。
西班牙语作为世界上主要语言之一，对于水利水文领域的词汇也有其特殊性。
本文将介绍一些与西班牙语水利水文相关的词汇。
1. Agua（水）当提到水时，最基础的词语当然是agua。
它不仅是表示液体的生命之源，还可以指液态的一类物质。
在西班牙语里的使用广泛，同时也可以联合其他词组使用，来描述不同的液体形态，比如agua potable 表示可饮用的水。
2. Embalse （水库）在西班牙语里，embalse通常指水库，反映了现代水资源的需求和管理。
它也可以指液体交错堆叠的静态情况，例如在饮用水系统中的储水塔。
3. Presa （大坝）presa表示大坝。
这个词语深受众多国家的影响，它在不同的语言中都有着类似的发音和意义。
4. Acueducto （渠道）在西班牙语里，acueducto可以指人造的或自然的流水渠道。
这个词语还可以用来指由管子、斗或水泵等构成的现代化渠道，用于水源的输送。
5. Cuenca （流域）cuenca表示流域，是描述星系中液体移动的空间。
它可以指单个河流或湖泊，或者是河口和溪流汇入的区域。
6. Aforo （流速）aforo指流水的速度，并且是西班牙语中特有的一个词语。
它是由水压力和管道尺寸等因素所确定的，被用来衡量水的流速。
7. Hidrología （水文学）hidrología是指研究水在地球上运动和循环的科学。
它研究的范围包括降水、河流、湖泊和地下水。
由于其研究范围广泛，对水资源的管理非常重要，因此在语言中也占有重要地位。
8. Sequía （干旱）sequía表示干旱，是西班牙语中描述水资源短缺的最常用工具之一。
通常表示长时间缺乏降水，导致缺水的状况。
结论在西班牙语中，与水资源、水文学以及相关主题相关的词汇非常丰富。
仔细观察和研究这些词汇，有助于深入理解西班牙语对于水文学和水资源管理的理解。
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西班牙语水利水文词汇个人认为此专业是西语中相对难翻译的，由于很多词汇是中国所造，老外一无所知，又不能因此就都用拼音代替。
因此只好双方一点点沟通琢磨。
词汇的编排没什么顺序，按接触的先后顺序来。
谨以此文纪念太平湾的日子。
想念琢儿与胡儿。
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