液压支架的动态特性分析

摘要

液压支架是地下工程或隧道工程的关键设备之一，它主要用于支护顶板、防止顶板垮落，为施工人员和施工设备提供一个安全可靠的工作空间。随着国家工程建设规模的扩大和施工进程的加快，对液压支架的支护性能提出了越来越高的要求，因此，研制并开发新型的液压支架就具有非常重要的实际意义。

首先，在分析了传统液压支架架型的基础上，通过机构演化，研究并开发了一种新架型——垂直导杆型液压支架；同时在结构设计中，对顶梁结构进行了改进，设计了一种无活动侧护板顶梁。该新型支架不仅结构简单、重量轻和调架容易，而且可极大地改善液压支架的受力状况，提高稳定性，具有广泛的应用前景。

其次，以支架顶梁的重量作为优化设计的目标函数，结构强度作为约束条件，以Visual Basic 6.0为工具，采用随机方向法进行优化设计，使原设计顶梁的重量减少了19％，效果明显。

另外，采用三维参数化的设计软件Pro/E，完成了垂直导杆型液压支架的三维参数化造型，实现了Pro/E与ANSYS软件之间的模型转换，并利用ANSYS软件对该液压支架进行了静力分析，得到了该支架在各种工况下的变形和受力云图，利用ADAMS软件对该液压支架进行了动力学分析，得到了该支架在各种工况下的位置和速度图。

本文首次系统地研究分析垂直导杆型液压支架新架型，创建了该架型的新型力学计算模型；并采用现代设计技术和方法进行设计，缩短了液压支架的研发周期，提高了产品质量，降低了成本，对今后的液压支架产品的研究与开发具有指导意义和参考价值。

关键词：施工机械；液压支架；垂直导杆机构；三维参数化；优化设计；有限元

Abstract

Hydraulic power support is one of the important facilities in underground projects or tunnel projects, which is used for supporting top rock, and preventing the top rock from collapsing. It can provide a safe and secure workspace for construction workers and equipments. Along with the scale expansion and high speed of national projects in constructional process, the performance of hydraulic power support need to be increasingly higher and higher. Therefore researching and developing a new type of hydraulic power support is very significant in practice.

Firstly, basing on the analysis of traditional hydraulic power support, by mechanical evolution, a new type of the vertical guide-bar hydraulic power support is developed, and its canopy is also simplified in structure that has no activity side flap. The new support has some advantages: it not only can improve the stress condition, enhance the stability of it, but also possesses of simple structure, light weight, easy adjustment the interval between the adjacent supports. Therefore it is very hopeful in the application prospects.

Secondly, the optimal model is built up by taking the weight of the canopy as the optimal objective function, structural strengthen as restrictive conditions. Then using the Random Ray Method, the optimal calculation is achieved by programming in Visual Basic 6.0, which can reduce the weight of original canopy by 19%. So the effect is obvious.

Moreover, the three-dimensional parametric model of the vertical guide-bar hydraulic power support is set up by using the three dimensional parametric software-Pro/E, this model is translated from Pro/E to ANSYS, and the analysis pictures of both stress and deformation in several static force conditions are got by means of ANSYS software.

In this paper, the vertical guide-bar hydraulic power support is studied and the new canopy structure of no activity side flap is innovated, and a new type mechanical model is established on it. With the modern technology and method, the developing cycle is shortened, the product quality improved, and the cost reduced. So it has the guidance and reference value for the research and development of hydraulic power support products in the future.

Keywords:constructional machinery; hydraulic power support; vertical guide-bar;

three-dimensional parametric; optimize; finite element