2021年大学英语四级最新预测试题
2021年12月英语四级预测试题及答案
12月英语四级预测试题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic：Styles of Living. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有人乐意和父母居住在一起2. 有人想自己独立居住3. 我看法Styles of Living Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions：In this part，you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7，markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.How Ice Cream Works The U.S. ice cream industry sells about a million gallons of ice cream each year，dispensing cones，gallons，pints，sundaes and other desserts through grocery stores and ice cream shops. In fact，eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert?Not just any frozen treat can be called ice cream. In fact，the U.S. Department of Agriculture has specific rules that define what can and can't be labeled "ice cream". To bear the "Meets USDA Ingredient Standard for Ice Cream" stamp，it has to contain at least 10 percent milk fat，and a minimum of six percent non-fat milk solids. A gallon has to weigh at least 4.5 pounds.The range of milk fat (sometimes referred to as butter fat) used in ice cream can go from the minimum 10 percent to a maximum of about 16 percent. Most premium ice creams use 14 percent milk fat. Higher fat content leads to better，richer taste and a creamier texture. Ice cream makers don't go higher than 16 percent because it would be costly and very high in calories. An ice cream with this much milk fat would also taste so rich that people would probably eat it in smaller amounts，which would be bad news for people who sell ice cream for a living.Other frozen desserts，such as sorbets (果汁冰糕)，low-fat ice cream，and frozen yogurt，are not technically ice cream at all. Frozen custard is ice cream that has at least 1.4 percent egg yolk solids，and "soft serve" can be any frozen milkbased dessert that has not gone through the hardening process—more on that later.In terms of specific ingredients，the recipe for ice cream is simple. But in scientific terms，it's complicated stuff. Ice cream is a colloid，a type of emulsion(乳状液). An emulsion is a combination of two substances that don't normally mix together. Instead，one of the substances is dispersed throughout the other. In ice cream，molecules of fat are suspended in a water-sugar-ice structure along with air bubbles. The presence of air meansthat ice cream is also technically a foam.In addition to milk fat，non-fat milk solids，sugar，and air，ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers. Stabilizers help hold the air bubble structure together and give the ice cream a better texture. Although gelatin(凝胶) was originally used as a stabilizer，xanthan gum，guar gum，and other compounds are used today. Emulsifiers keep the ice cream smooth and aid the distribution of the fat molecules throughout the colloid. Egg yolks were once used，but ice cream manufacturers now tend to use other chemical compounds. These stabilizers and emulsifiers make up a very small proportion (less than one percent) of the ice cream.Making Ice Cream Whether it's being made in your kitchen with a hand crank，at a local homemade ice cream shop with a stand-alone ice cream maker，or in a factory that cranks out thousands of gallons of ice cream every day，the process of making ice cream is basically the same. The only difference is the scale of the operation.First，you need ice cream mix. You can buy commercially made ice cream mix that is set to a certain milk fat content. Ice cream factories usually make their own mix by combining milk，cream and sugar in a 3,000 gallon vat，with the proportions and mixing controlled by computers. The mix is then pasteurized(用巴氏法灭菌)，or heated，to kill any harmful bacteria. If you were to make your own mix at home，you could pasteurize it by cooking it in a double boiler，or use an egg substitute or pasteurized egg product. This step is important because otherwise people who eat your homemade icecream could get sick due to salmonella contamination. According to the Centers for Disease Control，those most at risk include the elderly，very young children，and people with compromised immune systems.The next step in production is adding flavor to the mix. There are thousands of varieties of ice cream，so just about any combination of flavors is possible. From vanilla to cinnamon，chocolate to triple chocolate fudge brownie，it all gets blended into the ice cream mix. In a factory，this step takes place in vats that hold hundreds of gallons of ice cream，while giant steel paddles do the mixing. In your kitchen，a large bowl and a food mixer will work，or even a wooden spoon and muscle power if you want some exercise. Solid chunks such as pieces of fruit，chocolate chunks，marshmallows，and candy are added later.The next step is where and ice cream making machine comes into play. The mix has to be simultaneously frozen and whipped. In a factory，this happens in a giant tube surrounded by pipes. The pipes contain chemicals such as ammonia that freeze the tube，but the ammonia never comes into contact with the ice cream. The ice cream mix is pumped through the tube，where it gets cold very quickly. A dasher，or blade，turns inside the tube. This whips the mixture，introducing the air bubbles that help give ice cream its structure. The dasher also scrapes the sides of the tube，clearing off ice crystals that form there. This prevents large ice crystals from ruining the flavor and texture of the ice cream. All the elements of this process are carefully monitored and controlled by computers. Most homemade ice cream shops use a batch freezer for this step，where the same process happens ona smaller scale.This step can be accomplished at home with a rock salt/ice mixture for freezing and a hand or electric cranked dasher to mix and scrape off the ice crystals.Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker，the process isn't finished. At this point，the mixture is frozen，but still soft. Large chunks of candy and other goodies are now added. Then the ice cream is placed into containers. Factory machines pour it straight into cartons or buckets，or it can be extruded(挤压出)into shapes that have wooden sticks placed into them for individual treats.Now the ice cream needs to be reduced to a very low temperature，zero degrees Fahrenheit or below. Factories make it even colder since they need the ice cream to stay frozen while it is packaged and loaded onto trucks. It needs to be very cold to freeze the ice cream quickly and prevent the formation of large ice crystals. This process is known as hardening. "Soft-serve" is often simply ice cream that has not gone through this process.We'll learn about the ice cream industry in the next section.Ice Cream Industry In 1999，retail sales of ice cream in the U.S.，the worldwide leader in ice cream production，topped $4 billion. In ，more that $20 billion was spent on frozen desserts. The leading states in ice cream consumption are California，Indiana，Pennsylvania，Texas and New York . Americans ate an average of 21.5 quarts of ice cream per person in .With that much money to be made，the ice cream industry can besecretive and underhanded(秘密). Deborah Hanny，owner of Sweet Jenny's Ice cream in Williamsville，NY，protects her recipes carefully. Her shop has been photographed by men in suits and she once caught someone in he upstairs office hurriedly trying to copy down her recipes.Ice cream making secrets are seldom passed down from generation to generation these days. So where do people in the ice cream industry learn their craft?At ice cream school. Pennsylvania State University offers a week-long "Ice Cream Short Course" intended for industry professionals. The course teaches the science and technology used to make ice cream. The also offer Ice Cream 101 for ice cream hobbyists who just want to learn more about their favorite frozen treat. The University of Guelph，Ontario's Dairy Science and Technology school，also has a long history of teaching ice cream science.1. Eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.2. Any frozen treat can be called ice cream.3. In addition to milk fat，non-fat milk solids，sugar，and air，ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers.4. The process of making ice cream at home is different from that in a factory.5. Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker，the process is finished.6. Ice cream making secrets are passed down from generation to generation these days.7. Many universities in U.S.A. offer courses of ice cream science.8. The range of milk fat used in ice cream can go ________.9. In 1999，retail sales of ice cream in the U.S. topped ________.10. With that much money to be made，the ice cream industry can be ________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause，you must read the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and [D]，and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] The class thought the demonstration was too complex.[B] Too many students showed up.[C] The professor didn't show up.[D] The professor cancelled it.12. [A] Because nine is an odd number.[B] Because the elevator got stuck.[C] Because the elevator is too old.[D] Because there are too many people in the elevator.13. [A] The rain has stopped.[B] She wants to soak her clothes.[C] She is looking for her clothes.[D] It's raining heavily.14. [A] She goes home for lunch.[B] She spends her time shopping.[C] She gets interested in what she is reading.[D] She doesn't wake up in time.15. [A] To buy some potatoes.[B] To pass him some potatoes.[C] To have some potatoes.[D] to help him cook some potatoes.16. [A] It involved a few lunches.[B] There were free lunches.[C] There were three lunches.[D] There were more than free lunches.17. [A] He decided to continue his project.[B] He was unable to get sufficient money.[C] Lack of land prevented his success.[D] He was successful with his project.18. [A] Painting the room white.[B] Buying white furniture.[C] Waiting the man to decide.[D] Asking Mr. White for advice. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] In the student recreation center.[B] In the campus dining hall.[C] In the university bookstore.[D] In a classroom.20. [A] Studying.[B] Preparing snacks.[C] Playing cards.[D] Learning how to play bridge.21. [A] Miss her card game.[B] Stay up too late.[C] Take too heavy a work load next semester.[D] Neglect her studies to play bridge.22. [A] He already knows how to play.[B] He doesn't like to play games.[C] He doesn't have a partner.[D] He doesn't have enough free time. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] The effect of the atmosphere on rainfall.[B] How conditions on earth support life.[C] How water originated on earth.[D] A new estimate of the age of earth.24. [A] The surface of the ocean is expanding.[B] Volcanic activity is increasing.[C] The surface of earth contains tons of cosmic dust.[D] Thousands of comets are colliding with earth's atmosphere.25. [A] They are found under the oceans.[B] They were most active when earth was first formed.[C] Their emissions created earth's atmosphere.[D] Their fumes are mostly water in the state of a gas.Section B Directions：In this section，you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] He was trained as an electronics engineer.[B] He was trained as a mechanical engineer.[C] He was trained as a communication engineer.[D] He was trained as a nuclear engineer.27. [A] Fishing and hunting.[B] He began to show great interest in natural beauty.[C] Nuclear science.[D] Amateur radio.28. [A] An old friend of his.[B] His elder brother.[C] His younger brother.[D] his younger son.Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] The Bachelor's degree.[B] The Associate degree.[C] The Master's degree.[D] The Doctor's degree.30. [A] A technical associate degree.[B] A degree which is designed for transfer.[C] A bachelor's degree.[D] The last degree one can ever hope to attain.31. [A] 120 quarter hours.[B] 95 quarter hours.[C] 120 credit hours.[D] 72 credit hours.Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] In 1848.[B] In 1846.[C] In 1884.[D] In 1849.33. [A] 8,000 people.[B] 10,000 people.[C] 80,000 people.[D] 100,000 people.34. [A] From the western United States.[B] From all parts of the country.[C] From only the east coast of the American Continent.[D] From San Francisco Bay.35. [A] Because many settlements were abandoned.[B] Because there were many gold-hungry sailors.[C] Because private gold could not be protected by law.[D] Because everybody raced for California.Section C Directions：In this section，you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank，you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.Mark Twain，who wrote the story we're going to read，traveled quite a lot often because circumstamces，usually (36) ________ circumstances，forced him to He was born in Florida，Missouri in 1835 and moved to Hannibal，Missouri with his family when he was about 4 years old. Most people think he was born in Hannibal but that isn't true. After his father died when he was about 12，Twain worked in Hannibal for a while and then left，so he could (37)________ more money. He worked for a while as a typesetter on (38) ________ newspapers and then got a job as a river (39) ________ on the Mississippi. Twain loved this job and many of his books show it. The river job didn't last，however，because of the (40) ________ of the Civil War. Twain，was in the (41) ________ Army for just 2 weeks and then he and his whole (42) ________ went west to get away from the war and the army. In Nevada and California Twain (43) ________ for silver and gold without much luck，but did succeed as a writer. (44) ____________________________________________________________.(45) _________________________________________________________.(46)___________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two，but found yourself right back whereyou started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly，you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term，49 effects.You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing，blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.Any time you are active，51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood，liver，and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity，the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity，the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking，running，rollerblading，swimming，dancing，and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.Surprisingly，if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration，you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short，a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.[A] positive[B] additional[C] duration[D] effective[E] shed[F] physical[G] food[H] functions[I] participated[J] rely[K] cut[L] repeatedly[M] uses[N] little[O] obviousSection B Directions：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences ingenetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities，it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people，simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep，enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature，and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand，it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions，many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful，one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success，but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success："You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added，" You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like，and to which you have given you best effort."57. In the first paragraph，the author implies that ________ are essential in achieving success.[A] ability and goals [C] ability and environment[B] goals and determination [D] goals and environment58. The word "frugal" (Line 2，Para. 2) means ________.[A] wealthy [C] thrifty[B] wasteful [D] miserable59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ________.[A] their life is miserable [C] their goals are too low[B] they do not live in peace [D] they are not rich enough by their own standards.60. The last paragraph implies that ________.[A] we should have high goals [C] success means taking a walk in the park[B] success means achieving great goals [D] success means trying one's best at what onereally likes61. This passage mainly talks about ________.[A] the definition of success [C] how to set goals[B] how to achieve success [D] the importance of goalsPassage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service，he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellite into high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly，who runs Kelly Space Technology，"I realized the real market is in space tourism."According to preliminary market surveys，there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour，$98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by . This may sound great，but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit—with no oxygen，life support or return trip necessary—already costs and astronomical $2,200/kg. And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious(爱打官司)passengers. The entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the spacetourism market has between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket".The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do：design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive，safe and reliable. Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in California has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The first passenger countdowns are still years away，but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all，you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far，far away.62. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?[A] T ake Vacations in Space [C] Flight Regulations in Space Travels[B] Building Hotels in Space [D] Cost of Space Traveling63. The phrase "bread-and-butter business" (Line 1，Pare.1) mostprobably means ________.[A] a business to sell bread and butter [C] the business to make a living[B] a business to produce bread and butter [D] a traveling agency64. How much is the 2-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?[A] $1 million. [B] $10,000. [C] $98,000 [D] $22,00065. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A] The biggest hurdle for the space-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.[B] The entrepreneurs trying to explore the space-tourism have plenty of money.[C] The government has little interests in this project.[D] The first passenger countdowns are within a few years.66. What's the author's tone in the last sentence of the passage?[A] Objective. [C] Approving.[B] Ironical. [D] Enthusiastic.Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 67 overthe centuries. During the 1950s especially，increased attention has been devoted to 68 and describing the reading process. 69 specialists agree that reading 70 a complex organization of higher mental 71 ，they disagree 72 the exact nature of the process. Some experts，who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds，73 reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand 74 .These authorities 75 that meaning，being concerned with thinking，must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 76 related to thinking，and that a child who pronounces sounds without 77 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader，78 to some，is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 79 reads.Many adults，although they have the ability to read，have never read a book in its 80 . By some experts they would not be 81 as readers. Clearly，the philosophy，objectives，methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most 82 and satisfactory definition，reading is the ability to 83 the soundsymbols' code of the language，to interpret meaning for various 84 ，at various rates，and at various levels of difficulty，and to do 85 widely and enthusiastically. 86 short，reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.67. [A] substantively [B] substantially [C] substitutively [D] subjectively68. [A] distributing [B] promoting [C] defining [D] reporting069. [A] Although [B] If [C] Unless [D] Until70. [A] involves [B] takes [C] reveals [D] invites71. [A] opinions [B] effects [C] manners [D] functions72. [A] of [B] about [C] for [D] into73. [A] view [B] look [C] reassure [D] agree74. [A] by [B] to [C] off [D] for75. [A] content [B] contend [C] contempt [D] contact76. [A] inexplicably [B] inexpressibly [C] inextricably [D] inexpediently77. [A] interpreting [B] telling [C] explaining [D] reading78. [A] like [B] for [C] according [D] as79. [A] totally [B] usually [C] mainly [D] actually80. [A] part [B] entirety [C] chapter [D] section81. [A] claimed [B] said [C] classified [D] graded82. [A] inclusive [B] inclinable [C] conclusive [D] complicated83. [A] break [B] elaborate [C] define [D] unlock84. [A] purposes [B] degrees [C] stages [D] steps85. [A] such [B] so as [C] so [D] such as86. [A] By [B] In [C] On [D] ToPart VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions：Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. The circulation figures have risen ________________________ (自从咱们在头版上采用了彩色照片后).88. I believe in the theory that ________________________(高等动物是由低等动物发展而来).89. _______________________(我要点一份煎蛋和熏肉)，and my colleague。
2021年6月四级押题卷(含听力及答案)-第二套(答案)
答案速对：Part II Listening Comprehension【Section A】1-7：BB—AD—DAC【Section B】8-15：ABCD—AADC【Section C】16-25：DBD—CBAB—ADCPart III Reading Comprehension【Section A】26~30KEOLD31~35GHCFN【Section B】36~40FCIJD41~45KBEKH【Section C】46~50CABAC51~55CBDDA答案详解：Part I Writing【参考范文】As knowledge and experience serve as twin towers in problem-solving,one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment,either to wrack his brain,just like what happened to Neutron,siting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out one of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe,or to seek for others’wisdom through their advice,just as in the case of Benjamin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown library. Both ways work.When a practical goal is involved,however,Benjamin Franklin may best be regarded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others’advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and efficiency for a goal-accomplishment.Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual.A single thought in someone’s mind is,more often than not,far less shining compared with group’s wisdom.That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’of past great giants;that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds;that also explains why teamwork in corporation is highly emphasized in the21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individual involved,a team,a company,an institution,a country,or even the entire global village.Asking others’advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too.In terms of democracy,it is necessary to give othersrights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways,and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication,idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions,and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives,principles,practicalities and personalities of each other.Admittedly turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence.Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind,enlarges our vision,furthers understanding,enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm,and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities,which undoubtedly gives rise to better,if not the best solutions.As is paraphrased from John F Kennedy,brainstormed,there is little we cannot do while divided,there is little we can do. Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ANews Report One(1)Scientists have discovered the species of songbird that performs a tap dance so fast that it can't be seen by the naked eye of human beings.Researchers from Japan and Germany slow down footage of the blue songbirds during courtship.Here's our science reporter Jonathan Web.“Now,they've discovered that tap dance is in the course of courtship of both male and female blue songbirds.This is very obvious in the process of the songbirds expressing love to each other.(2)The next step for the researchers is to discover the relationship between courtship and this fancy footwork,such as whether the bird's mate is courted by the sight,the sound or the vibrations of this fancy footwork. Such is the agility of the songbirds'show-stopping quickstep that could only be fully appreciated in super slow motion."That's the latest BBC news. Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.Why does the naked eye seldom see the dance of the songbirds?B)2.What should the researchers do next?B)News Report Two(3)The World Bank has warned that100million more people will be pushed into poverty by2030unless action is taken to prevent global warming.It says global warming will ravage crops and fuel the spread of malaria and other ura Becca reports from Washington."The World Bank says that climate change is already having an effect on the poorest people who were struggling to raise crops in extreme weather and low rainfall. They say the world's poorest receive fewer resources and are woefully unprepared to dealwith further Climate Shocks such as rising seas or severe drought.(4)They're calling for more to be done to help those in need and they want world leaders to act to reduce carbon emissions.That report had been released just a few weeks before a UN Climate Summit in Paris.”Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.What will make more people become poor by2030?A)4.What should world leaders do?D)News Report ThreeThere're reports of fights at an Australian immigration detention center on Christmas Island following the death of a refugee.(5)Australian media say the fights started after an argument between a prisoner and a guard about the death.Jon Donnison reports from Sydney.“The Australian Immigration Ministry has confirmed there have been what it calls disturbances at the Christmas Island detention center.There are reports some security guards abandoned their positions with fences torn down and fires lit.Fazel Chegeni was found dead at the bottom of a cliff after he apparently managed to escape from the centre on Friday.(6)Around200shelter-seekers are held on Christmas Island which is one of several offshore detention centers operated by Australia.(7)The country has been widely criticized by human rights groups for its treatment of the shelter-seekers but the government here says its tough polices have worked and stopped people trying to reach Australia shores by boat.”Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.How did the fights take place?D)6.How many refugees are held on Christmas Island?A)7.What is Australia criticized for?C)Section BConversation OneM：Laura,what are you busy doing?W：(8)I'm working on my report on gender differences with the results of my survey. M：Oh?What are findings?Are there really a lot of differences between men and women? W：You bet there are.For example,(9)in a lot of men's minds,women tend to be really talkative and some would describe their wives as chatterboxes.They say their wives say many things so fast that they get lost in the middle of the conversation.M：Oh，dear.That s too bad.But that is only men's feelings.Do you find that women do talk so much?W：Well,it all depends.Actually,my research findings are that men and women simplyhave different ways of talking.(10)Men do the public talking well and women often do the private talking.M：Sorry,I lose track of your words.Private talking?What's that?W：That is to say,(10)for most women,the language of conversation is primarily a way of establishing connections and relationships.But for most men，talk is primarily a means to stay independent and maintain status in the social order.M：I see.Men do have higher social status than women.W：But nowadays,(11)more and more women are doing better and better in the society. For example,in some Latin American countries,there are female defense ministers and in America,there are female Secretaries of State.M：But do you feel that men and women are equally treated in the modern society? W：According to my research,there still a lot of inequalities in both developing countries and the industrial ones.But fortunately,things are changing for the better. Questions8to11are based on the news report you have just heard.8.What is the woman busy doing?A)9.What do men think of their wives in general?B)10.What can we learn about people's ways of talking?C)11.Why are female defense ministers mentioned in the conversation?D) Conversation TwoM：Hi,Ruby,have you heard that there is going to be a robot show at the museum? W：Yes.And they say students can get half-price tickets.Sam,are you planning to go? M：Yes.(15)And I have invited my girlfriend to go with me.(14)So I wonder if I could borrow your car this Sunday.W：Well,would you please wait just a moment and let me check my schedule? M：OK.W：Well,(12)today is Friday and Ted wants to meet with me on Sunday,so that we can talk about next week's experiment.But I guess I can call him and put it off to the next Monday.The experiment is on Wednesday.Um,Sam,(15)do you mind me joining you to go to the robot show?Or you want it to be a trip with your girlfriend only?M：Are you kidding?Of course I don't mind.By the way,we can have lunch together at the Mexico restaurant just next to the museum.I heard they have really nice food and the price isn't high.(13)That will be my treat.W：I think it's better if we go Dutch.M：(13)I do want to pay for it.I appreciate your driving us to the museum.In this weather, we would shake all over if we have to wait for the bus.W:All right,then.(14)(15)I'll pick you up at8：00Sunday morning.Then,we can pick up yourgirlfriend at about8:20.M：Thank you.See you on Sunday.W；See you.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.What did Ruby plan to do on Sunday?A)13.Who will pay for the lunch?A)14.When will they go to the robot show?D)15.How many people will go to the robot show?C)Section CPassage OneTo some it's a dream job-eating delicious meals for free and then writing about them. But for some food critics,their eyes aren't the only thing that gets wide when consider yet another feast,(16)because the food critics tend to gain weight and become fat.Karen Fernau,a food writer for The Arizona Republic,said when she first started her job,she began to gain weight.“I always looked forward to lunch before this job,then all of a sudden lunch was all day every day,”she says.Nine years later,keeping her weight steady and her health intact is a daily battle.(17)If she knows she will be going to a tasting at a bakery or eating a four course meal,she usually eats fruit or salads throughout the day.At one tasting session alone,she says,upward of1000calories is often added to her day.That's about half of the recommended total calories per day for the average adult. But even through she has devised a special eating method,Fernau says sticking to it is a daily battle.And food editors,writers and critics across the country couldn't agree more.(18)Joe Yonan,a food editor at The Washington Post,has intensified his exercise habits since he started the job two years ago.Yonan says he realized early that he was gaining weight and promptly hired a personal trainer to meet with three times a week,on top of his aerobic training three to five times a week.Still,it's a struggle that many Americans might envy.After all,it's one thing to get your calories from lobster tails and quite another to get them from sodas and fast-food burgers.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.Why does the speaker say the food critics'eyes aren't the only thing that gets wide?D)17.What is Karen Fernau's way of keeping her weight steady?B)18.What can we know about Yonan's job?D)Passage TwoWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle?It's probably not what you think.(19)Years of clinical research proves that the real keys are pleasure,joy and freedom,not willpower and hardship.Joy of living is sustainable;fear of dying is not. Why?Because life is to be enjoyed.There's no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better,and quickly.(20)When people eat more healthfully,exercise,quit smoking,manage stress better,and love more,they find that they feel so much better.So quickly,it reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.Fortunately,the latest studies show how powerful the mechanisms that control our health and well-being are.(21)When you exercise and eat right,your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen,so you become smarter,think more clearly,have more energy,and need less sleep.(21)Your face receives more blood flow,so your skin glows more and wrinkles less.You look younger and more attractive.In contrast,an unhealthy diet,lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face so you age more quickly.Smoking accelerates aging because nicotine causes your blood vessels to become narrower,which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely.This is why smokers look years older than they really are. One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers'perception of stress was more important than was objectively occurring in their lives.In other words,if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Questions19to22are based on the passage you have just heard.19.Which are the keys to sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle?C)20.Which of the following practices can make people feel better?B)21.What's the benefit of exercising and eating right according to the passage?A)22.What conclusion can we draw from the passage?B)Passage Three(23)At no other time in recent history has it been easier or cheaper to start a new kind of company,possibly a very profitable company.Let's call these new companies LILOs,for “a little in,a lot out."These are web-based businesses that cost almost nothing to get off the ground yet can turn into great moneymakers.How do you get started?All that's required is a great idea for a product that will fill a need in the21st century.These days you'd do best if your idea either makes people money or saves them money.And launching now will make your company stronger later—you'll learn to survive on fumes until the economy improves.That's what John Tayman is doing.He's an author who lives in San Francisco and writes reviews for a business magazine.(24)Tayman knew little about technology and even less about business.And yet he dreamed of a website thatwould summarize car reviews from other sources and rank every model of new car. Tayman said he intended to build the site on the side while continuing to write for a living. He'd work on his new company only at night and on weekends.(24)And he had only about $10000.Tayman went to work with nothing more than his laptop,a hyper-organized fellow.He quickly discovered a bunch of free stuff online-instructional manuals and sites that walk you through the process from start to finish.(25)Within months,Tayman had a virtual staff of20employees working for him in five different went live in January.Tayman figures he has worked about ten hours a week on it and hasn't spent a cent on marketing or advertising.Growth is modest but steady-nearly10 000people visit each week.Questions23to25are based on the passage you have just head.23.What are the advantages of starting a new business now?A)24.What did Tayman have when he started his business?D)25.What can we learn about Tayman's website from the passage?C)PartⅢReading ComprehensionSection A26.K【精析】动词辨析题。
2021年大学英语四级考试全真预测试题
^| You have to believe，there is a way. The ancients said:" the kingdom of heaven is trying to enter". Only when the reluctant step by step to go to it 's time，must be managed to get one step down，only have struggled to achieve it.-- Guo Ge Tech大学英语四级考试全真预测试题(一)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 选取职业是一种人要面对众多难题之一。
2. 需要花时间去选取职业。
3. 选取职业时可以向多人谋求建议和协助。
【写作思路】本文是一篇关于择业议论文。
短文需要阐明慎重择业相称重要，并提出各种指引择业办法。
【参照范文】Choosing an OccupationOne of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people，of course，who from th e time are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters，but themajority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem.Choosing an occupation takes time，and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work，or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job.Fortunately，there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools，there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions.听力Section CDirections:In this section，you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks，you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.In the English (36) system，students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus，which is (37) at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38) or (39) shown on the eleven-plus would have (40) if a child stayed in school. Now，however，all children continue in (41) schools，and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen，the students are (42) for the Ordinary (43) of the General Certificate of Education. (44) . Once students have passed this exam，they are allowed to specialize，so that two-thirds or more of their courses will be in physics，chemistry，classicallanguages，or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45) . Even at the universities，students study only in their concentrated area，and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46) .36.【答案】educational【解析】本文讲是英国教诲系统，重要讲了英国学生要参加三次重要考试。
2021年全国英语等级考试四级模拟试题及答案
2021年全国英语等级考试四级模拟试题及答案21.[A] compatible [B]parallel [C] similar [D]identical22.[A]Furthermore [B] However [C] Hence [D]Otherwise23.[A]addition[B]brief [C]general [D] fact24.[A]provided[B]since [C]whereas [D] though25.[A]stages [B] periods [C] years [D]sessions26.[A]location[B]position [C]situation [D]condition27.[A]patterns[B]designs [C]stations [D]schemes28.[A]variation [B]balance [C]frequency [D]stability29. [A] small [B] few [C]rare [D]scarce30. [A]operation[B]production[C] procession[D]action31. [A] spending [B]planning [C] financing [D]saving32. [A] expenditures [B]benefits[C]costs [D]profits33. [A]expensively [B]consistently [C] periodically [D]cheaply34. [A] conveniently [B]beneficially [C] advantageously[D]favorably35. [A]on account of [B]in terms of [C]regardless of [D]in spite of36. [A]Like[B]Except[C]Regarding [D]With37. [A] application[B]endurance[C] expectancy[D]extension38. [A]concentration [B] continuity[C] conformity [D]conductivity39. [A]develop [B]differ[C]depart[D]derive40. [A]interchangeably[B] immediately [C] intermittently[D]intensively41. In the author’s opinion, the high inflation rate in the US was accompanied by[A]energy crises[B]mounting wages[C]housing shortage[D]shrinking market42. The only way to reverse the worsening situation seems to be[A]a policy of gradualism[B]sacrifiee of public interests[C]radical changes of policy[D]postponing of drastic actions43. We can learn from the fourth paragraph that[A]a substantial cut in annual revenue is called for[B]defense and social welfare programs should undergo cuts[C]we should leave intact programs for bettering people’s living[D]we should exercise less control over monetary policy44. The phrase "special sectors"(Line 1, Para. 7 ) most probably refers to[A]energy, food and housing[B]indexed programs[C]social security and food stamps[D]arge corporations and labor settlements45. What is the text mainly about?[A]The defect of US monetary system.[B]The causes of ever-worsening inflation in the US.[C]Prospects for the US economic situation.[D]A comprehensive settlement of inflation in the l IN46. What is a basic requirement for work in all professions according to the passage?[A]Imagination.[B]Reliability of character.[C]Discipline.[D]Obedience to orders47. Which of the following serves best as the title of the passage?[A]Limitations of the University.[B]The Proper Function of the University.[C]Importance of Intellectual Imagination.[D]Foolery of Apprenticeship Period.48. In modern times the period of technical apprenticeship[A]may have bad effects upon the young men[B]can very well train the young men[C]is a root cause of many evils[D]is unnecessary for the employees and the business49. If a university is to be of any use, it should prepare the students for an intellectual career by[A]imparting knowledge and developing skills[B]developing students’independence in thinking[C]disciplining the students in their subject fields[D]promoting the imagination in connecting details with general principles50. What does the "great difficulty which hinders all the higher types of human effort" mean?[A]Prolonged and fixed routine work in the apprenticeship period.[B]The young employee’s seldom seeing the president of the company.[C]Universities’failure to get young people ready for future work.[D]Young men having to obey orders in the early stage of their work.51. The first paragraph shows that Jill Ker Conway accepts utilitarian emphasis in education __________[A]wholeheartedly[B]with reservation[C]against her own will[D]with contempt52. Education for education’s sake was probably opposed by __________[A]scholars in the Renaissance period[B]Jill Ker Conway[C]scholars in the Dark Ages[D]Plato53. The idea that education transmits knowledge is dated back to __________[A]the Renaissance humanists[B]the medieval universities[C]the 18th century’s American scholars[D]the cold war period54. It can be inferred that Charles Francis Adams, Jr.[A]devoted his later years to classical education[B]was an advocate of education in history[C]was an opponent to classical education[D]regretted diminishing the importance of the distinction55. According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true?[A]Five percent of American college students learnt Latin texts.[B]Students in New England learnt Latin texts in official organizations.[C]Students were compelled to learn modern European languages.[D]American college students had to learn Latin grammar by heart.56. It will be a relief over the death of a friend or a relative if the friend or relative dies from[A]a traffic accident[B]an acute infectious disease[C]heart attack[D]a three-year cancer57. What is an Advance Directive?[A]A decision made by a doctor on how to end a patient’s life.[B]A hospital document on how to treat a terminally ill patient.[C]A wish made by a patient on how he will be medically treated.[D]A law that prohibits mercy killing.58. A doctor will be guilty of murder if he[Aladvises a patient to draw up his Advance Directive[B]refuses to carry out an Advance Directive[C]actively prescribes a medication that will quicken the death of a terminal patient[D]stops giving medication to a terminally ill patient according to his Advance Directive59. According to traditional English law __________[A]a person could refuse medical treatment[B]a person should not endanger his life by refusing medical treatment[C]a person should not refuse medical treatment[D]a doctor could force his patient into accepting his treatment60. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s attitude toward the Advance Directive?[A]it should be made legally binding in Britain.[B]It’s morally questionable.[C]It is the same as mercy killing,and therefore should not be encouraged.[D]It runs counter to traditional English law.Section lI Use of EnRlish2021年全国英语等级考试四级模拟试题及答案(2)21.[A]small [B]educational [C]big [D]business22.[A]claimed [B]called [C]spoken [D]told23.[A]as [B]with [C]over [D]in24.[A]money [B]discounts [C]priees [D]costs25.[A]exciting [B]encouraging [C]despairing[D]disappointing26.[A]ourselves [B]customers [C]companies [D]US27.[A]to [B]for [C]in [D]with28.[A]as if [B]even though [C]just as [D]although29.[A]custom [B]literacy [C]poem [D]tradition30.[A]artificial [B]human [C]wise [D]high31.[A]capable [B]possible [C]probable [D]available32.[A]compared [B]comparing [C]contrasted[D]contrasting33.[A]than [B]above [Clover [D]from34.[A]tools [B]robots Eelequipment [D]electronics35.[A]other [B]big [C]little [D]robot36.[A]expensive [B]artificial [C]educational [D]low-cost37.[A]up to [B]to [C]in [D]about38.[A]mechanical [B]standard [C]cheap [D]small39.[A]much [B]many [C]both [D]some40.[A]more [B]less [C]no [D]least41.What is the passage mainly talking about?[A]The necessity of the education about AIDS.[B]How to achieve the aims of AIDS courses.[C]Risks associated with AIDS.[D]Social responses to AIDS.42.Why did the author offer the AIDS course7[A] He wanted to teach people about a cure for AIDS.[B]People need to be taught how to avoid those with AIDS.[C]He wanted to teach the students that AIDS resulted from moral failure.[D]People take improper attitudes towards AIDS and those with or at high risk of43.The word“afflict”in the third sentence of the first paragraph nlost plobably means“__________”.[A] benTl[B]cause suffering to[C]teach[D]draw attention from44.What does the author think is the correct resDonse to AIDS?[A] contempt[B]Optimism and bravad0.[C]Understanding and compassion.[D]Resentment and avoidance.45.Which of the following can best explain“AIDS tests the institutions upon which our societv rcsfs， according to the passage?[A] AIDS is a sign of moral failure and socialc011aDse.[B]AIDS indicates that our social systems have been very inefficient.[C] The responses of a society to the threat of AIDS detemines whether and to what extent the society can be called civilized.[D]The spreading of the fatal disease suggests that the nation’s resources have been wron91y used。
2021年大学英语四级全真预测试题四及答案解析
之12月大学英语四级全真预测试题四及答案解析12月大学英语四级全真预测试题四及答案解析一、选词填空题第1题：It seems you always forget—your reading glasses when you are rushing to work，your coat when you are going to the cleaners，your credit card when you are shopping...Such absent-mindedness may be 1 to you；now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the2 sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 3 the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 4 by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 5 label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in 6 plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a 7 device.A spokesman for the project said："A car mechanic for8 could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could 9 accident black spots or dangers on the road."In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour，10 points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.[A] allow[B] instance[C] blank[D] industrial[E] frustrating[F] items[G] indicating[H] highlight [I] user[J] complicated[K] white[L] annoying[M] successful[N] articles[O] simple【参照答案】：略二、阅读理解第2题：What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home?The answers lie in the way Americans live today. During the first few decades of the twentieth century，canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook from full-time duty at the kitchen range.Then，in the 1940s，work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of the home that ever before，setting the pattern of the working wife and mother. Unless family members pitchin with food preparation，women are not fully liberated from that chore.It's easier to pick up a bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners after a long，hard day. Also nowadays，the rising divorce rate means that there are more single working parents with children to feed. And many young adults and elderly people，as well as unmarried and divorced mature people，live alone rather than as a part of a family unit and don't want to bother cooking for one. Fast food is appealing because it is fast，it doesn't require any dressing up，it offers a "fun" break in the daily routine，and the outlay of money seems small. It can be eaten in the car-sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out-or on the run. Even if it is brought home to eat，there will never be any dirty dishes to wash because of the handy disposable wrappings. Children，especially，love fast food because it's finger food，no struggling with knives and forks，no annoying instructions from adults about table manners.1. Americans enjoy fast food mainly because ________.[A] it can be eaten in the car[B] it is much more tasty than home-made food[C] one only uses his fingers while eating it[D] it is time-saving and convenient2. It can be inferred that children ________.[A] want to have freedom at table[B] wash dishes after each meal[C] are not good at using forks and knives while eating[D] take eating time as a fun break3. Many Americans are eating out and not cooking at home nowadays because ________.[A] they want to make a change after eating the same food for years at home[B] the food made outside home tastes better than food cooked at home[C] many of them live alone or don't like taking trouble to cook[D] American women refuse to cook at home due to women's liberation movement4. According to the text，a drive-in window is a ________.[A] car window from which you can see the driver[B] window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the car[C] place where you check the mechanic condition of your car[D] entrance where you return the used plates after eating5. The expression "pitch in with" (Line 2，Para. 2) probably means________.[A] complain[B] enjoy[C] help[D] deny1小题>、【对的答案】：D2小题>、【对的答案】：C3小题>、【对的答案】：C4小题>、【对的答案】：B5小题>、【对的答案】：C【参照解析】：无第3题：InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration in countering the threat of cyber crime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September，there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states，Calloway said. With advicefrom the FBI，each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry，the academic community and public agencies. Bands，utilities，and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share information about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.A "sanitized" description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't reveal the name or information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends. Then a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to interfere if there are grounds for an investigation. Cyber crime has jumped in recent years across the nation，particularly in hotbeds of financial commerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago，all you needed to protect yourself was a safe，a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker，who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack." FBI agents investigate computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon. com，CNN and Yahoo!several North Carolina victims have been identified this year. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks. Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of companies to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile，too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles，who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board，said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cyber crime goes undetected. Wiles，a computer security expert，has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files. "I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said，"the Net is a wonderful place，but it's also a dangerous one."1. From the first paragraph，we know ________.[A] InfraGard is a protective measure against cyber crime[B] InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states[D] private business and the government are now committing cyber crime2. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT ________.[A] academic communities[B] public agencies[C] FBI[D] private industry3. By saying "too many corporations...speed and accessibility" (Lines 3～4，Para. 3)，the author means ________.[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility[D] many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security4. All the following are reasons for the rise in cyber crime EXCEPT ________.[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers[B] victims have no firewalls[C] the use of modem is increasing[D] companies don't pay enough attention to security5. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.[A] not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation[B] information of the victims is inaccessible[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September[D] was often disrupted by hacking1小题>、【对的答案】：C2小题>、【对的答案】：C3小题>、【对的答案】：D4小题>、【对的答案】：B5小题>、【对的答案】：A【参照解析】：无三、完型填空第4题：Today，most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast，and parallel1 the coast. Even in the twentieth century，goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other2 of transport. These 3 make it possible for boats to travel 4 ports along the coast without being 5 to the dangers of the open. Some canals，such as the Suez and the Panama，save ships weeks of time by making their6 a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not 7 on the coast；still other canals8 lands where there is too much water，help to 9 fields where there is not enough water，and 10 water power for factories and mills. The size of a canal11 on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to 12 each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water13 the keel of the largest boat using the canal. When the planet Mars was first 14 through a telescope，people saw that the round disk of the planet was crises-crossed by a15 of strange blue-green lines. These were called "canals"16 they looked the same as canals on earth 17 are viewed from an airplane. However，scientists are now18 that the Martian phenomena are really not canals. The photographs 19 from space-ships have helped us to 20 the truth about the Martian "canals".1. [A] off [B] with [C] to [D] by2. [A] way [B] means [C] method [D] approach3. [A] waterways [B] waterfronts [C] channels [D] paths4. [A] among [B] between [C] in [D] to5. [A] revealed [B] exposed [C] opened [D] shown6. [A] trip [B] journey [C] voyage [D] route7. [A] lain [B] stationed [C] set [D] located8. [A] escape [B] drain [C] dry [D] leak9. [A] water [B] wet [C] soak [D] irrigate10. [A] furnish [B] afford [C] offer [D] give11. [A] focuses [B] bases [C] depends [D] takes12. [A] cross [B] pass [C] move [D] advance13. [A] down [B] beneath [C] below [D] off14. [A] studied [B] researched [C] surveyed [D] observed15. [A] plenty [B] number [C] deal [D] supply16. [A] although [B] because [C] so [D] if17. [A] that [B] where [C] when [D] as18. [A] exact [B] definite [C] certain [D] decisive19. [A] held [B] taken [C] got [D] developed20. [A] find [B] expose [C] uncover [D] discover1小题>、【对的答案】：C2小题>、【对的答案】：B3小题>、【对的答案】：A4小题>、【对的答案】：B5小题>、【对的答案】：B6小题>、【对的答案】：C7小题>、【对的答案】：D8小题>、【对的答案】：B9小题>、【对的答案】：D10小题>、【对的答案】：A11小题>、【对的答案】：C12小题>、【对的答案】：B13小题>、【对的答案】：C14小题>、【对的答案】：D15小题>、【对的答案】：B16小题>、【对的答案】：B17小题>、【对的答案】：A18小题>、【对的答案】：C19小题>、【对的答案】：B20小题>、【对的答案】：D【参照解析】：无四、阅读理解第5题：Directions：In this part，you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7，markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.To Save Trees，Fighting One Alien Insect with OthersRusty rhea sighs wistfully as he talks about the beauty and peace of standing amid a grove (小树林) of deep green hemlocks in Appalachia，some of them up to 160 feet (50 meters) tall and more than 500 years old."This is a very special tree," said Rhea，an entomologist for the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Health Protection program in Asheville，North Carolina，"I was brought up here，and I don't want to see another species go by the wayside."The evergreen trees，a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks，are under attack by an invasive inse4ct barely visible to the eye but potent enough to fell the giants of the eastern United States' old-growth forests.Already the tiny bug from Japan，known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HW A)，has killed upward of 95 percent of the hemlocks in Virginia's Shenandoah National Park. Now they are making their way through the half-million-plus-acre (200,000-plus-hectare) Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee.The hemlocks shade streams，keeping water temperatures just right for brook trout (鲑鱼) and other fish. They also house birds such as the black-throated green warbler，solitary vireo，and northern goshawk，all three of which mainly shelter in stands of hemlock trees.Because of the insect's broad impact on the entire ecosystem of southern Appalachia，HWA stands to cause wider damage than the American chestnut blight (枯萎病)of the early 1900s. That fungus from Europe killed off the once dominant chestnut trees from the northeast United States tothe southern Appalachian Mountains.In addition，a species related to HW A，the balsam woolly adelgid，has already killed about 90 percent of the mature Fraser fir trees in the Smokies.Acting QuicklyHW A arrived in the U.S. Pacific Northwest via nursery plants from Japan in 1924. By 1951 the tiny invader had been found in Virginia. Since then the insect has spread to more than 15 U.S. states.The key to killing the HW A is to catch it early and act quickly. It's already well established in the Great Smoky Mountains，where Rhea and others are trying to stem the spread of the bugs.HW A multiply quickly：All of the insects are females that reproduce asexually (无性地)，laying several hundred eggs a year. When they get to the nymph，or crawler，stage，they are dormant from about June until October，after which they emerge and establish themselves on trees.Winds and birds and other animals spread the crawlers through the forest.HW A crawlers feed on the new growth of hemlocks by piercing the twigs that hold the branches，sucking the sap，and injecting toxic saliva. The needles turn from a deep green to a grayish green and eventually die，depriving the tree of nutrition from photosynthesis.An infected tree usually dies within five years of initial attack. Infection is signaled by either a white，cottonlike material that appears along a tree's twigs or by the "baldness" of a tree's upper branches.Plans of AttackIn the Pacific Northwest the hemlocks seem to be tolerant of the creatures' feeding，and in the cold northeast，winters seem to keep them at bay. But in the warm southeast，with weather approximating that of the insects' native Asian homes，they thrive.Chemical sprays-such as insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils as well as trunk or soil injections-have helped to kill some of the HW A infestations.But spraying must be repeated every six months，and injections are expensive and last only two years at most. These methods can't be used conveniently or safely in remote areas or near the streams where hemlocks grow thickly.Long term，the best way to control the pests appears to be releasing other insects that feed exclusively on HW A. Scientists have studied HWA in Japan and China and identified three such species. One of them，the Sasajiscymnus tsugae (St) beetle，was released in areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in .Studying what controls a species in its native habitat-including climate，predators，and host resistance-provided clues about which insects to use against HWA，said Kristine Johnson. Based in Gatlinburg，Tennessee，Johnson is a supervisory forester for Great Smoky Mountains National Park."Biological control is the only long-term hope to save the trees in the backcountry (穷乡僻壤)," she said. "We have 800 square miles (2,100 square kilometers) of contiguous wilderness. We value the native forest，and it's entirely worth defending."Risky BusinessReleasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could be risky business，potentially creating another type of infestation. But scientists first quarantined and studied the HW A-killer insects.They believe the St beetles are the best answer to the HW A problem and that they won't cause side damage. This tiny black female beetle，the size of a poppy seed，is already spreading in the Great Smoky Mountains.But the beetle and other HW A-killer insects are seasonal，so it will take several different ones operating year-round to keep HW A in check，Rhea said. He doesn't believe HW A will be completely eradicated (根除) but will instead be kept in balance by the predator insects. "We're trying to insert a balance in a system that's out of balance," he said.Each St beetle can lay 200 to 300 eggs，said Ernest Bernard，professor of entomology at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville.Bernard's laboratory is one of several that are breeding the beetles."Each beetle eats hundreds of baby adelgids a year," he said. And about 120,000 of the beetles have been released in the past couple years in the Smokies，but it is still too early to measure their impact.One good sign，Bernard said，is that some beetle larvae (幼虫) have been found in areas where they were not released，indicating that the HWA killers may be reproducing and spreading.1. The passage gives a general description of an invasive insect，HWA.2. Hemlock is a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks.3. The invasive insect，known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA)，is from Japan.4. The key to killing the HW A is to catch it early and act quickly.5. An infected tree usually dies immediately.6. The Hemlock in the U.S. will be saved from HWA soon.7. The long term，best way to control the pests HWA is spraying.8. Since 1951 the HW A has spread to more than________.9. Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could create________.10. It will take several different insects operating year-round to________.1小题>【参照答案】：Y2小题>【参照答案】：3小题>【参照答案】：N4小题>【参照答案】：N5小题>【参照答案】：Y6小题>【参照答案】：Y7小题>【参照答案】：NG8小题>【参照答案】：15 U.S. states9小题>【参照答案】：another type of infestation10小题>【参照答案】：keep HWA in check五、翻译第6题：It is time the whole society began to take action to ________________________(使咱们环境免于毁灭).【参照答案】：save our environment from destruction第7题：If we had set out earlier，________________________(咱们就不会在雨中行走).【参照答案】：we wouldn’t have walked in the rain第8题：When this semester is over，________________________ (我就能抽空读这部故事了).【参照答案】：I should be able to get around to reading this novel第9题：________________________ (在我设计出这个问题解决方案后)，I’ll submit a report to the committee.【参照答案】：After I work out a solution to the problem第10题：________________________ (我已得出结论)that it would be unwise to accept his proposal.【参照答案】：I have come to the conclusion六、写作题第11题：Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic：Online Education. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 当前网络教诲形成热潮2. 我以为形成这股热潮因素是……3. 我对网络教诲评价Online Education【参照答案】：Online EducationBeing online is no longer something strange in our life.To some degree，it has become part of our daily life. We can do a lot of things online，such as searching for information and communicating with friends far and near. But recently another helpful online activity has become very "in". That is online education.Why could online education be so popular within such a short period of time?Among all the reasons，the quick development of the internet should be the essential one，which makes our dreams of attending class in the distance possible. Another underlying reason is the quick development of both society and technology. Today，modern science and technology are developing at lightening speed. To catch up with the development we all feel an urgent and strong desire to study. However，due to the great pace of modern society，many people are too busy to study full time at school. Online education just comes to their aid.Personally，I appreciate this new form of education. It’s indeed a helpful complement to the traditional education system. It can provide different learners with more flexible and versatile ways of learning. Most of all，with online education，we can absorb the latest knowledge while working.。
2021年12月大学英语CET四级预测押题卷一和答案解析
2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（一）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive.You should write at least120words but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Two.B)Three.C)Four.D)Five.2.A)He called the police after the accident.B)He broke his arm in the accident.C)He was caught taking drugs.D)He was arrested by the police.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)A cure to brain cancer.B)A new surgical instrument.C)A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.D)A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.4.A)Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.B)Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.C)Improving their speed of removing a tumour.D)Using the new device in brain surgery.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)To collect scientific data on it.C)To take photos of the storm on it.B)To monitor the storm on it.D)To investigate its environment.6.A)It has lasted for nearly350years.B)It has lasted for more that350months.C)It seems to be getting smaller.D)It seems to be getting larger.7.A)What initially caused the storm.C)What is the impact of the storm.B)What is underneath the storm.D)What makes the storm last for so long.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It’s for disabled adults.B)It’s in a sports centre.C)It’s rewarding and challenging.D)It’s compulsive in her community.9.A)The skills they need.B)The products they have.C)The market they target.D)The language they require.10.A)Diversify markets and sales strategies.B)Reduce costs and jobs.C)Learn from other companies.D)Listen to the opinions of experts.11.A)The salary and the workload.B)The office hour and the penalty system.C)The welfare and the holiday system.D)The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Double-decker buses.B)The traffic in London.C)Bus routes.D)Travels in Britain.13.A)It has no windows.B)People get onto it at the front.C)It has two carriages.D)It is open at the back.14.A)Uncomfortable.B)Noisy.C)Dangerous.D)Shabby.15.A)Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.B)Bendy buses are more environmentally friendly.C)Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.D)Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)They had four toes.B)They were not as big as dogs.C)They lived in South America.D)They lived in thick forests.17.A)They had long legs and a long tail.B)They were smaller and had front eyes.C)They began to eat grass as well as fruit.D)They were bigger and had long legs.18.A)They evolved into donkeys in Asia and Africa.B)They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.C)They began to eat apples on the North American plains.D)They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Being rejected by friends and teachers.B)Staying away from his native land.C)Adapting to new study expectations.D)Keeping a balance between study and job.20.A)Talking with older brothers or sisters.C)Starting a conversation with close friends.B)Having a casual talk with a college student.D)Playing with friends on the same sports team.21.A)Follow traditions of with a college student.C)Respect the customs of different colleges.B)Take part in as many activities as possible.D)Take others’advice as reference only.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)They tend to harm wildlife.C)They are thrown away everywhere.B)They are hardly recyclable.D)They are made from useless materials.23.A)It is fatal.B)It is weird.C)It is very serious.D)It is complicated.24.A)The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.B)The ocean’s ecology has been polluted and affected humans.C)Humans eat the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.D)Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.25.A)Its use has been drastically reduced.C)Most products use natural materials.B)It is still an indispensable material.D)The use of plastic items will be charged.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.A third of the planet’s land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture, The alarming____26____,which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases,will ass to the risks of conflicts unless____27____actions are implemented,warns the institution behind the report.“As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows,competition is ___28___for land within countries and globally,”said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD)at the launch of the Global Land Outlook.“To___29____the losses,the outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the competition.”The Global Land Outlook is____30____as the most comprehensive study of its type,mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization,climate change,erosion and forest loss.But the biggest factor is the___31___of industrial farming.Heavy tilling,multiple harvests ans___32____use of agrochemicals have increased yields at the____33____of long-term sustainability.If the past20years,agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled,notes a paper in the outlook by the Joint Research Centre(JRC)of the European commission.Over time,however,this___34___fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and ___35___desertification.A)absorb I)limitedB)abundant J)minimizeC)billed K)occasionallyD)decline L)optimizesE)diminishes M)rateF)expansion N)remedialG)expense O)ultimatelyH)intensifyingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Take Naps at Work.Apologize to No One[A]In the past two weeks I’ve taken three naps at work,a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.I couldn’t feel better about it,and my productivity reflects it,too.[B]Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos-like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that we’re taught to look down on.If someone naps at2p.m.while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails,surely it must mean they’re slacking off(偷懒).Or so the assumption goes.[C]Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity.It’s easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠)wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time.But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.[D]Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday,said Josh Bersin,Principal and Founder of Bersin by Deloitte.“They’re beginning to realize that this is their problem,and they can’t just say to people,‘Here’s a work-life balance course,go teach yourself how to manage your inbox,’”Mr.Bersin said.“It’s way more complicated than that.”[E]To be sure,the ability to nap at work is far from widespread,experts said.Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out,and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.[F]In an ideal world,we’d all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good night’s sleep. Here’s our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when you’re dragging after lunch.[G]In a study published in Nature Neuroscience,researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day.Performance deteriorated with each test,but subjects who took a30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance,and those who took a60-minute nap even reversed it.[H]“Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap.”said Sara Mednick,a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California,Riverside.[I]Dr.Mednick,a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap!Change Your Life,said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep,and different types of naps offer specific benefits.[J]For example,Dr.Mednick said a20-to60-minute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.It’s just long enough to enter stage-two sleep,or non-rapid eye movement(R.E.M.)sleep.[K]After60minutes,you start getting into R.E.M.sleep,most often associated with that deep,dreaming state we all enjoy at night R.E.M.sleep can improve creativity,perceptual processing and highly associativethinking,which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas,Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that,your best bet is a90-minute nap,which will give you a full sleep cycle.[L]Any nap,however,can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day,experts said.[M]So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied(紧密相连)to working long, concentrated hours?Blame technology,but think broader than smartphones and laptops;the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.[N]“We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it,”Mr. Bersin said.“They were assuming that if we give people more tools,more emails,more Slack,more chatter,and we’ll just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think they’ve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem,and it is affecting productivity,engagement,health,safety,wellness and all sorts of things.”[O]It isn’t just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta(午睡).A2015study published in Current Biology looked at the at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.[P]“They’re active in the morning,then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time, but they’re not generally napping,”said Jerome Siegel,professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences,and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.“Then they do some work and go to sleep,and they sleep through the night.”[Q]Still,Mr.Siegel said,“the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid night’s sleep.”The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night,which experts say is optimal.[R]“Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,”Mr.Siegel said.“But it’s not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”[S]He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning,even if you can’t get to sleep at the same time every night,This helps acclimate(使适应)your body to your regular wake-up time,regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.[T]So if you’ve made it this far and you’re interested in giving workday naps a try(or just starting to nod off),here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap;Find a quiet,unoccupied space where you won’t be disturbed.Try to make your area as dim as possible(or invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office).Earplugs might help.too.Aim for around20minutes.Any longer than that and you’re likely to wake up with sleep inertia(睡眠惰性)，which will leave you even groggier(头脑昏沉的)than before.36.Participants’perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an article inNature Neuroscience.37.Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous night could people tackle theirweariness during the day.38.Our talent is closely bound to working with concentration for long periods of time because technologymakes us accessible24/7.39.Taking a nap at work is normally regarded as laziness that should be held in contempt and avoided inworkplace.40.Between20to60minutes,people can get into non-REM sleep which may improve memory and learningability according to Dr.Mednick.41.People can doze off at lunch and coffee breaks and defended themselves by saying their improvedproductivity and alertness when bosses investigated their whereabouts.42.The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place,environment and duration.43.The author believes business leaders are aware that availability at any time due to technology has negativeeffects on every aspect of people’s life.44.The optimal length of a nap was an hour and a half so that people could go through a complete sleep cycle.45.Josh Bersin mentioned the cause of companies’big productivity problems and the solution which needsmore that just employees’efforts.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Every office worker hates meetings.But it’s a strange sort of hate,similar to the hatred of Londoners for the Northern Line,or New Yorkers for tourists who walk too slowly:the dislike is real,yet if the despised thing were to vanish,it’d be like surrendering a piece of your soul.When researchers probed into why people put up with the strain that meetings place on their time and sanity, they found something-those who resent and dread meetings the moat also defend them as a“necessary evil”, sometimes with great passion.True,research suggests that meetings take up vastly more of the average manager’s time than they used to.True,done badly,they’re associated with lower levels of innovation and employee wellbeing(幸福).But that’s just office life,right?It’s not supposed to be fun.That’s why they call it work.Underlying(引起)this attitude is an assumption that’s drummed into us not just as workers but as children, parents and romantic partners;that more communication is always a good thing.So suggestions abound for(大量存在)communicating better in meetings-for example,hold them standing up,so speakers will come to the point more quickly.But even when some companies consider abolishing meetings entirely,the principle that more communication is better isn’t questioned.If anything,it’s reinforced when such firms introduce“flat”management structures,with bosses always available to everyone,plus plenty of electronic distraction.In fact,constant connectivity is disastrous for both job satisfaction and the bottom line.And anyway,once you give it three seconds’thought,isn’t it cleat that more communication frequently isn’t a good thing?Often,the difference between a successful marriage and a second-rate one consists of leaving about three or four things a day unsaid.At work,it’s surely many more than four,though for a different reason;office communication comes at the cost of precisely the kind of focus that’s essential to good work.Yet we’re so accustomed to seeing talking as a source of solutions-for resolving conflicts or finding new ideas-that it’s hard to see when it is the problem.46.What does the author say about meetings?A)Londoners hate them as well as the Northern Line.B)They can help to keep workers’physical and spiritual health.C)Workers might be reluctant to give up them completely.D)New Yorkers dislike meetings more than Londoners.47.What did researchers find about people’s attitude towards meeting?A.Their attitude and behavior are paradoxical.B)People who hate meetings the most are senior insane.C)Those who like meetings might be considered insane.D)More meetings are regarded as a sign of less innovation.48.Why do people think that more communication is always a good thing?A)Because the concept is firmly believed by workers.B)Because everyone loves to communicate with others.C)Because the idea has been instilled into people’s mind.D)Because communication is vital for building relationships.49.What does the author think of the“flat”management structure?A)It forces bosses to frequently contact their employees.B)It helps to soften employees’bottom line of work.C)It is definitely a disaster to employees’job satisfaction.D)It strengthens people’s deeply-rooted notion of communication.50.What is the author’s argument about office communication?A)It is an effective way to solve office conflicts.B)It affects work efficiency in a negative way.C)It should come to a halt at intervals.D)It is useful for workers to find new ideas.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed.This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers,but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared.Instead,many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible,with no regard for the implications for society at large.When selfish publishers set up shops online,the primary goal is to publish as much as possible,often at the cost of quality.In this respect,many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping(重叠的)disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing.In some cases,online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.If publishers structure their business to make more revenue,it often does harm to their products.When publishers start journals with overlapping domains,in combination with the pressure to publish more studies,this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles.Moreover,publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties(专业)increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers.With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort,journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community,the pressure to publish must be reduced.Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications,but on the quality of those publications and a researcher’s long-term productivity and instructions.And that’s just the start.We need additional mechanisms,such as Beall’s list of predatory(掠夺的)publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles.In addition,the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.51.What does the author think of online publishers?A)A small proportion of them can guarantee their publishing quality.B)They have lots of opportunities to renovate their business models.C)Many of them tend to try every means to make a buck.D)Social impact is their first priority when publishing books.52.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A)peer review generally is a criterion to identify academic journalsB)researchers focus their research on the combination of disciplinesC)scientists care about their publications rather than researchD)young business managers are willing to face new challenges53.Why can’t publishers find enough reviewers to review papers?A)Reviewers are pressed for time when reviewing articles.B)Reviewers’gains can’t make up for what they have done.C)Publishers may compel reviewers to accept marginal articles.D)Publishers urge reviewers to increase publication rate rapidly.54.What is the author’s suggestion for online publication?A)More weight should be put on the quantity of publications.B)It is worthwhile to reward diligent reviewers for their effort.C)Fake journals should be reported to a regulatory organization.D)The price of online publication should be lowered greatly.55.What is the main idea of this passage?A)Online publishers should take measures to fight against fake scientific journals.B)Online publishers are pursuing their work efficiency at the cost of quality.C)Online publishers business models are quite likely to harm their publications.D)Online publishers are sacrificing the quality of research articles to make money.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.春节是中国的传统节日，相当于美国的圣诞节。
2021年6月份大学英语四级作文预测题目
2021年6月份大学英语四级作文预测题目1.Should We Help Strangers?1.有人认为帮助陌生人是一种美德;2.有人却认为帮助陌生人会给自己带来麻烦和危险;3.我认为……【范文】Helping strangers has always been considered as a treasured virtue of mankind. We need help from others throughout our life, whenever we travel to other places or stay at home. On the other hand, helping others can make us happy. We feel great joy when we are trusted, needed and able to give a hand.2.1.现在许多人越来越依赖电脑;2.过分依赖电脑会带来很多问题;3.我的看法【范文1】【范文2】 Talent Show1.有人赞成电视选秀节目2.有人则反对3.我的观点【范文1】Over the past couple of years, a variety of talent shows have emerged on TV channel across our nation, from Happy Girls to Super Boys and so forth. This type of entertainment programs is intensely popular, especially among youngsters. It has produces profound impacts on their studies and life. They believe that the TV talent show can change their fate. At least, they say, the program offers the opportunity to show and develop one’s talents.For my part, I believe that the TV talent show is like a double-edged sword and it is important for us to face it properly. For one thing, the TV studios are supposed to offer more stimulating and favorable shows. For another, the media ought to give people proper guidance and refrain from exaggerating the effects of the show.【范文2】Recently, there is a public discussion about TV talent show. ,because many TVstations have all kinds of TV talent shows, such as Super Boy, Dream of China and so on. TV talent show makes a profound influence on our day-to-day life.From my perspective, we should pay more attention to the advantage of TV talent show. Meanwhile, we might take some measures to avoid some negative effects of TV talent show.4.Killing Time Indoors1.现在很多人业余时间喜欢“宅”在家里2.人们对这种做法有不同的看法3.我的看法【范文】5.Restrict Mobile Phone in Library1.现在有不少人在图书馆的阅览区里使用手机2.这一现象可能带来的影响3.我的看法【范文】There is no doubt that this behavior will have no good effect. On the one hand, students who use it can not concentrate on their own studies when they constantly send or receive messages. On the other hand, with the ringing of the phones and people’s talk ing over the phone, students around them may be distracted from their reading as well.Therefore, the proper way of using mobile phones in the library must be emphasized. First of all, whenever you enter the library, turn your mobile phone into the mode of silence or vibration so as to avoid the disturbance of other students. Second, if you do need to make a call or send or receive messages, you’d better go out of the reading room or at least try to reduce the volume of your sound and your phone’s sound.6. My Opinion on Micro-blog1．目前越来越多人开起了“微博”2．“微博”会带来一些问题3.我的看法【范文】7.Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons1.现在明星为产品代言的现象很普遍2. 明星代言存在的一些问题2.我的看法【范文】In my view, as spokespersons, celebrities represent the products. They should understand that the pr oducts they are endorsing concern their images and consumers’ interests. Therefore, before endorsing products, they should learn about the products as much as possible. Only by doing so, can they be trusted by their fans and protect the legal rights of general public.8.Spam Message1.目前垃圾短信泛滥2.这种现象产生的原因3.如何解决这个问题【范文】To solve the problem of spam message, relative authorities and professionals should make joint efforts. The government should set up laws to severely punish the illegal advertisers and those who disclose users’ information. Cell phone researchers and developers should upgrade the products and enable them to delete the spam automatically. Should people act together, they will be free from the spam message. 9. Internet Slang1）近年来，网络语言在青少年中很流行；2.人们对这一现象的看法不同；3.我的看法是……【范文】In my opinion, Internet slang has little effect on language in general, but will greatly influence individuals, especially teenagers’ language development. It is because overuse of Internet slang will lead to their poor writing, being lacks in spellings, grammar and proper punctuations. That will drastically reduce chances of employment after they graduate and seek jobs. So, for the sake of their future, teenagers had better refrain from Internet slang.10. How to Relieve Stress1.现代人面临着各种压力2.人们减压的方法各异3.我的减压方法是…...【范文1】The effective way to relieve stress for me is different from those mentioned above. I have several relaxation techniques. For examples, when stress occurs, I would take a deep breath and exhale and if possible, I would take a warm bath. They prove to be very helpful. They help me to calm down my mind and improve my response.【范文2】As far as I am concerned, when stress does occur, it is important to recognize it and deal with it rather than escaping from it. My usual way to decrease stress would be practicing yoga, which helps me relax and it is good in keeping a very peaceful mind. And, I strongly oppose the negative ways such as taking sleeping pills, drinking heavily or fighting.11. Is Military Training Necessary Now?1.有人认为现在的大学生军训没必要2.有人则认为有必要3.我认为……【范文1】However, other people believe that military training is a must for today’s spoiled youth. First of all, it makes them more likely to persistinstead of escaping in face of hardships. Second, the self-discipline and teamwork spirit students develop are invisibly valuable wealth for their future. Last but not least, it provides a good chance for students to learn more on military and broaden their horizons.Generally, I agree with those advocating for military training. However, I insist that some training programs should be modified or carried out carefully. For example, when trainees have to stand for hours in the hot sun, trainers and teachers should watch closely their physical conditions to prevent the tragedy of sudden death from happening.【范文2】Personally, I think the military training is not a bad thing if effective measures are taken to avoid the potential risks involved in it. With careful consideration and preparation, it can not only have a good influence on students’ character, but als o help students learn how to cooperate with other people.12. Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble?1. 有人遇到困难时向同学、朋友求助2.有人则向老师、家长求助3.以你自己为例……【范文】However, others have different choices when in trouble. They are inclined to tell their teachers and parents the difficulties they are faced with. In their opinion, teachers and parents, who are much older than them, can give them a hand with their rich experience.13 On Self-employment of College Graduates1. 政府加大了鼓励大学毕业生自主创业的力度；2. 产生这一现象的原因；3. 我的看法是……【范文】As far as I’m concerned, the program will not only offer opportunities to graduates but also bring back their confidence in themselves and in the future. An increasing number of graduates will benefit from this program. What is more, the development of each graduate will surely promote the development of the whole society in the long run.14.Text Messages on TV Shows1目前各类电视节目广泛使用短信参与方式2.人们对此有不同的看法3.我认为…….【范文】At present, text messages are widely used in various TV shows. From serious news programs to different kinds of entertainment programs, we can always see some interactive sessions which all include the use of text messages, such as text-message voting in Super-girls and Happy boys.Is it good or bad? Some people hold the view that it provides a convenient and relatively cheaper way for audience to participate in the program. While others think it is nothing but a method which takes advantage of the public’s curiosity and their hope of winning awards to lure them into sending lots of messages that cost them a large amount of money.As far as I’m concerned, text message is an effective medium for the audience to interact with the TV shows, which can arouse people’s passion for watching the programs, and bring benefits to the TV station as well. But when we are enjoying the merit of it, we should also take the contents and objectives of the TV programs into consideration to ensure the quality of the TV shows.15.Attending Your Classes Regularly1.大学生迟到、早退、旷课现象越来越普遍；2.保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性；3.作为大学生，我们应该……【范文1】As college students, we should bear in mind that “Well begun is half done” and “Habits make nature”. If we can develop a good habit and prevent ourselves from violating the rule, even the most trivial one, we will certainly strive straight toward the target we have in mind. We should learn to discipline ourselves on campus; otherwise we may suffer a lot in our work place in the near future. You might lose your job or opportunity if you were late.【范文2】Attending Your Classes Regularly“Should we attend our classes regularly” is an unchanged topic in the university. It is universal that college students are eager to leave early and skip classes frequently. It’s because some students think the classes are so boring that they choose to skip classes. Others are busy in their own association activities, so they have to play truant.However it would give rise to a lot of problem s. For instance, some students can’t pass the final exam for skipping classes frequently. What’s really matter is that t hey will miss plenty of professional courses which will play an important role in their future job.16. Campus Certificate Craze1）大学生“考证热”成为潮流；2）出现这种现象的原因；3）你的看法是……【范文】17. A Brief Introduction to the University假设你是一名学生志愿者，要给来你们学校参观的外国朋友介绍学校情况。
2021年公共英语四级考试模拟试题及答案
2021年公共英语四级考试模拟试题及答案（1）1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?A) make an apologyB) come over to interveneC) discipline her own boyD) take her own boy away2. What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?A) it’s important not to hurt them in any wayB) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoingC) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kidsD) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel___________________________A) discouragedB) hurtC) puzzledD) overwhelmed4. What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?A) talk to them directly in a mild wayB) complain to their parents politelyC) simply leave them aloneD) punish them lightly5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society,______________________A) parents are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to criticize kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoingsD) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids参考答案：1. A2. D3. B4. A5. C2021年公共英语四级考试模拟试题及答案（2）1. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________A) it’s easy for people to become impatientB) it’s difficult to create a code of conductC) it’s important to be friendly to everybodyD) it’s hard for people to admire each other2. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) they’d question the teachersB) they’d charge up to the schoolC) they’d tell the kids to clam downD) They’d put the blame on their kids3. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________4. According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they___________________5. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________ 参考答案：1. B2. D3. challenged4. can be proud of5. stay silent2021年公共英语四级考试模拟试题及答案（3）1. Television is an attractive advertising medium inthat_____A____.A) it has large audiences B) it appeals to housewivesC) it helps build up a company's reputation D) it is affordable to most advertisers2. With the increase in the number of TVchannels____D_.A) the cost of TV advertising has decreased B) the nuiflber of TV viewers has increasedC) advertisers' interest in other media has decreasedD) the number of TV ads people can see has increasedpared with television, newspapers as anadvertising medium__B___A) earn a larger annual ad revenue B) convey more detailed messagesC) use more production techniques D) get messages out more effectively4.Advertising on radio continues to grow because____C_______.A) more local radio stations have been set up B) modern technology makes it more entertainingC) it provides easy access to consumers D) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio.5.Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to_____A___.A) reach target audiences B) modern technology makes it more entertainingC) appeal to educated people.D) convey all kinds of messages2021年公共英语四级考试模拟试题及答案（4）1. What is the author’s profound belief? A[A] People instinctively seek nature in different ways.[B] People should spend most of their lives in the wild.[C] People have quite different perceptions ofnature.[D] People must make more efforts to study nature.2. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays? D[A] Personal freedom.[B] Things that are natural.[C] Urban surroundings.[D] Things that are purchased.3. What does a study in Sweden show? B[A] The natural environment can help children learn better.[B] More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.[C] A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.[D] Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas ____D____.[A] tend to develop a strong love for science[B] are more likely to fantasise about wildlife[C] tend to be physically tougher in adulthoodD] are less likely to be involved in bullying5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD? D[A] Find more effective drugs for them.[B] Provide more green spaces for them.[C] Place them under more personal care.[D] Engage them in more meaningful activities.2021年公共英语四级考试模拟试题及答案（5）1. What is British food generally known for? BA) Its unique flavour. C) Its special cooking methods.B) Its bad taste. D) Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to in Britain. AA) an inadequate supply of food C) an increase in food importB) a decrease of grain production D) a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades? BA) Its food lacked variety. C) It was short of well-trained chefs.B) Its people cared more for quantity. D) It didn't have flavourful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of . CA) most young people C) all kinds of overseas visitorsB) elderly British diners D) upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn? CA) Authentic classic cuisine. C) New ideas and presentations.B) Locally produced ingredients. D) The return of home-style dishes.2021年公共英语四级考试模拟试题及答案（6）1. Everyone is busy _____ the examination in the classroom.A. withB. forC. onD. under答案： A解析：注意几个固定搭配： be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做…; be busy with sth 忙于…; busy oneself (in) doing sth 忙于做……; busy oneself with sth 忙于……。
2021年6月英语四级作文预测题
6月英语四级作文预测题xx年6月英语四级作文预测题距离xx年6月的英语四级考试还有两天的时间，为了让大家更加有信心地去应对四级考试，特意为大家收集了三篇关于四级考试的预测题，先做一做看看自己的实力吧!随着国家的二胎政策的公布，也许在不久的将来，独生子女就成了少数群体了。
在还没有二胎成群的时候，我们一起来看看作为独生子女有哪些利与弊吧!作文题目：Advantage and Disadvantages of Being an Only Child：My father used to talk to me about his five siblings. He used to say that I was unfortunate that I had none. And I used to envy him and wonder how ni ___ it would be to have a houseful of brothers and sisters. I also used to wonder what would happen to me if I were to lose my parents.Frankly speaking, I do not have to share anything with anybody. I own all my parents' love. I can ask for anything I want. I always wear new clothes and eat the best food. Sin ___ my parents spend all their money on me, I can study at the best university of the country.Lucky as I am, I now and then feel very lonely and I have nobody to plain about my loneliness. How I long for a quarrel with my brothers and sisters! Of course I have class ___tes and friends, but they are different. Sometimes I feel so pessimistic that after my parents leave the world, I will have no blood relatives left to share with me the fond memories of my parents. Furthermore, I am likely to bee selfish while I realize the world is for sharing.So, I am happy but lonely; I am fortunate but piteous; I am loved but spoiled; I am well-bred but selfish, because I am the only child of the family.大城市生活固然好，然而房子却总是一个问题。
2021年12月英语四级考试(改革题型)预测试卷附答案(6)
2021年12月英语四级考试(改革题型)预测试卷附答案(6)Part I Writing.(30 minutes)1.以下是某城市各类培训班的数目图，请简要描述图表;2.给出可能的原因;3.你的观点。
1、A.No. He has to finish his homework.B.No. He doesn't like going to the club.C.Yes. He'll go after he finished his homework.D.Yes. He'll write his paper after he returns.2、A.At a newsstand.B.At a car dealer's.C.At a publishing house.D.At a newspaper office.3、A.A movie.B.A lecture.C.A play.D.A speech.4、A.Having a break.B.Continuing the meeting.C.Moving on to the next item.D.Waiting a little longer.5、A.At a library.B.In a bus.C.At the airport.D.At a post office.6、A.The man wants to go to San Francisco.B.There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.C.There are two direct flights to Los Angeles within the next two hours.D.If the man boards the plane to Los Angeles now, he will have to transfer atSan Francisco.7、A.Shop assistant.B.A telephone operator.C.A waitress.D.A clerk.8、A.If the game is held there the team will lose.B.If the game is held there the team will win.C.It makes no difference since the team will lose.D.It makes no difference since the team will win.9、Conversation One.听材料，回答下列问题：why did the man decide to go to the library?A.One of his classes finished early.B.He wanted to get some studying done.C.The library had a special display on the Industrial Revolution.D.His books were ten days overdue.10、After getting the books,what did the man do?A.Checked them out.B.Took notes on them.C.Returned them to the shelves.D.Put them in his book bag.11、According to the man ,what happens to all the books in the library?A.They are marked with colored labels.B.They are specially coded.C.They are checked out.D.They are inspected by the guard.12、Conversation Two.听材料，回答下列各题：According to the woman,why does she respect he parents?A.Because her parents love her very much.B.Because her parents never force her to do anything she doesn't want to do.C.Because she is allowed to have her career.D.Because she has too much freedom.13、What happende when the women began to study nursing?A.She didn't need her parents' money any more.B.She begins to get on well with her parents.C.She always stayed with her parents.D.She rented a government house and lived alone.14、What attitude did the man‘s parents have towards his study abroad?A.They allowed him to come to England immediately.B.They thought he should go abroad as a child.C.They were reluctant until their son persuaded them.D.They tried to control his English study.15、Which of the following statements is true according to the conversation?A.The two speakers are from different countries.B.The man gets along very well with his parents.C.British parents never interfere with their children.D.The man doesn't like his parents at all.重点单词查看全部解释remedy['remidi]想一想再看n. 药物，治疗法，补救vt. 治疗，补救，hierarchy['haiərɑ:ki]想一想再看n. 等级制度，层级[计]，统治集团联想记忆X单词hierarchy联想记忆：原指：希腊神话中天使的级别或等级hier神圣的，archy统治－神圣的统治－阶层；等级制度 profound[prə'faund]想一想再看adj. 深奥的，深邃的，意义深远的联想记忆X单词profound联想记忆：pro向前，found底部：深的 contribution[.kɔntri'bju:ʃən]想一想再看n. 贡献，捐款(赠)minutes['minits]想一想再看n. 会议记录，(复数)分钟poll[pəul]想一想再看n. 投票，民意测验，民意，票数v. 做民意addition[ə'diʃən]想一想再看n. 增加，附加物，加法联想记忆X单词addition联想记忆：add增加，ition名词后缀 dealer['di:lə]想一想再看n. 商人，经销商，发牌者，毒品贩子emphasis['emfəsis]想一想再看n. 强调，重点astonished[əs'tɔniʃt]想一想再看adj. 惊讶的动词astonish的过去式和过去分词16、Passage One.听材料，回答下列各题：what is the main idea of the passage?A.The degree of violence in program is too high.B.There shouldn't be any commercials on television.C.Watching too much television is undesirable for children.D.Television programs in the United States are of low quality.17、Accordign to the passage,what do you think "Sesame Street"is?A.A recreational program.B.An educational program.C.A program for cartoons.D.A program for commercials.18、What will be the consequence if a child forms a habit of watching hours of television every day?A.They will become inactive and dull.B.They will not go to cinemas as often.C.They will forget to do their homework.D.They will imitate what they see in the program.19、Passage Two.听材料，回答下列各题：Where are the largest black bears living according to the passage?A.They are living in the tall building of Manhattan.B.They are living in the tall building of Philadelphia.C.They are living in northern Pennsylvania's Pocono Mountains.D.They are living in their home with other wild lives.20、What is the purpose in naming Pocono as one of America's "Last Great Place"?A.To gain support from the local community.B.To protect it from irresponsible development.C.To make it a better home for black bears.D.To provide financial security for future generations.21、How many acres of environmentally important land in the area for the Conservancy's protection?A.More than 14,000 acres.B.Less than 14,000 acres.C.About 14,000 acres.D.More than 1,400 acres.22、What is the key to protecting these remarkable lands according to the passage?A.Connecting with the wildlife.B.Connecting with the local administration.C.Connecting with the local conservancy.D.Connecting with the local community.23、Passage Three.听材料，回答下列各题：Why did the speaker say that she obviously had to go?ly was probably her secret sweetheart.B.The farmer was threatening her.C.She was curious about who Milly was.D.She was a doctor.24、What was the weather like that day?A.It was raining.B.It was clear.C.It was snowing.D.It was cloudy.25、Who did the speaker think Milly was when she saw the farmer?A.The farmer's secret sweetheart.B.The farmer's mother.C.The farmer's wife.D.The farmer's sister.26、听材料，回答下列各题：Today, students who want to learn English in the US have a wide choice of courses and institutionsto (26)________ from. And, because the US is such a big country, they also have a huge(27)________ oflocations in which to study. The US has a long(28)________of teaching English because, (29)________its history, the country has welcomed (30)________from all over the world, most of who have neededto learn English. Today, the US English language teaching sector is well developed and its teachersare highly qualified and (31) ________. American universities and colleges welcome many thousands of (32) ________students each year, who (33)________on degree or postgraduate courses. Most of theseinstitutions provide preparation courses for students who need to improve their English before they startuniversity.study. These courses are called Intensive English Language Programmes and they are themost (34)________ type of courses taken by overseas students. In addition to language tuition, IntensiveEnglish Language Programmes give students the chance to get to know the school where they will bestudying and become more familiar with the American (35)________ environment.26、第(26)题__________。
2021大学英语四级考试模拟试题
2021大学英语四级考试模拟试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The beauty of poker is that on the surface it is a game of utter simplicity, yet beneath the surface it is profound, rich and full of subtlety. Children can learn the 1 in just a few open handsthat is, rounds played with all cards visible and all the principles 2 . The lessons they gather will last a lifetime.To sceptics, poker 3 them of images of casinos, late nights and smoky back rooms—all places 4 for kids. And, yes, poker is a form of gambling, 5 it isprimarily a game of skill and nerve.6 plays a larger role than in purely skill-driven games such as chess, but that is what makes poker so appealing for oppressed parents: you will be a better player than your children, but the children will still7 often enough to keep them interested.Just as a parent is excited to see their offspring reading, even 讦 what the child chooses to read is not what the adult would, a poker-enthusiast parent will 8 play Five-card Draw with his child. The 9 is always straightforward: collect a better five-card hand than your opponents. But the paths to success are many and 10 . Sometimes it involves deceiving, a practice that, initially, children embrace with reckless11 . However, 12 they willlearn that they cannot always 13 their way to victory. They will also learn the lesson: sometimes deceiving works.Soon they will figure out how to read their opponents— 14 that arrogance can be a cover for 15 , and silence a maneuver to 16 others into overconfidence. They willsee that a lost hand is not a lost game, and a lost game today does not signal the same tomorrow.But the only way they will learn any of these lessons is if these lessons can hurt them. i 7_ a few practice rounds, the stakes must be actual money—and adults must keep it when they win. But this may be 18 : children come into the world lovable but penniless, and no parent wants to make their own children further 19 . On the other hand, raising children is20 . Consider any victory a partial repayment for their upbringing.1. [A] results [B] letters [C] pictures [D] rules2. [A] rewarded [B] counted [C] explained [D] watched3. [A] reminds [B] deprives [C] accuses [D] convicts4. [A] unnecessary [B] inappropriate [C] unavoidable [D] invariable5. [A]and [B] but [C] or [D] so6. [A] Temper [B] Luck [C] Analysis [D] Proficiency7. [A] win [B] pause [C] exit [D] calculate8. [A] intentionally [B] gradually [C] happily [D] irregularly9. [A] notice [B] trial [C] goal [D] concept10. [A] direct "[B] controversial [C] exclusive [D] diverse11. [A] caution [B] generosity [C] patience [D] enthusiasm12. [A] immediately [B] eventually [C] conversely [D] similarly13. [A] battle [B] cheer [C] lie [D] innovate14. [A] observing [B] mentioning [C] promising [D] determining15. [A] weakness [B] suspicion [C] illusion [D] indifference16. [A] turn [B] persuade [C] tempt [D] force17. [A] Below [B] After [C] Above [D] Before18. [A] necessary [B] interesting [C] promising [D] difficult19. [A] sillier [B] lazier [C] fatter [D] poorer20. [A] expensive [B] perplexing [C] enlightening [D] accessibleSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Two decades ago Microsoft was a technological walled garden. One of its bosses called free open-source programs a “cancer”. That was then. On April 21st the tech firm joined a movement to liberate data. The company plans to launch 20 data-sharing groups by 2022 and give away some of its digital information.Microsoft is not alone in its recent fondness for sharing. Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Facebook, regarded the ability to share data as a superpower in the face of crisis. Despite the EU's strict privacy rules, some Eurocrats now argue for data-sharing, too.The benefits of data-sharing have been confirmed by many individuals and organizations. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) reckons that if data were more widely exchanged, many states could enjoy gains worth 1-2.5% of GDP. Economists agree that readier access to data is generally beneficial, because data are “non-rivalrous”： unlike oil, say, they can be used and re-used without being used up.Many governments have recognized the potential. Cities from Berlin to San Francisco have “open data” initiatives. Companies have been more cautious. Firms fear losing intellectual property, endangering users' privacy and hitting technical obstacles. Less than half of “data collaboratives” involve corporations. Those that do have been small or limited in scope.Microsoft's campaign is the most consequential by far. Besides encouraging non-commercial sharing, the firm is developing software, licences and rules frameworks to let firms trade data or provide access without losing control. Optimists believe that the foresight behind the giant's move is novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact.Brad Smith, Microsoft's president, notes that fewer than 100 firms collect more than half of all data generated online. More sharing would counteract the concentration of economic—and political—power. Bridging the “data divide” won't be easy. People in charge of data often come from different industries without a common vocabulary.Indeed, Microsoft has reasons other than unselfishness to support open data. It makes most of its money not by extracting value from data through targeted advertising, like Facebook, but by selling services and software to help others process digital information. The more data that are shared, the better for Microsoft. Mr. Smith argues that this makes his firm the perfect campaigner for open data.That may be so. But this also points to a bigger obstacle. Even if technical and legal barriers tosharing could be removed, many data-rich firms will be reluctant to loosen their lucrative grip on user information. Despite Mr. Zuckerberg's declarations, don't expect Facebook to follow Microsoft's lead any time soon.21.What does Microsoft plan to do according to the first paragraph?[A]To upgrade environmental technology.[B]To provide a health care program.[C]To lead a movement to analyze data.[D]To share some digital information for free.22.According to Paragraph 4, companies have been more cautious about “open data” becausethey are fearful of _______ .[A]being cheated by governments[B]breaking the intellectual property law[C]violating their users' privacy[D]competing with other corporations23.Brad Smith believes that bridging the “data divide” won't be easy because________ .[A]data generated online are hard to collect and manage[B]the movement may be hindered by economic power[C]people from different industries have conflicting interests[D]data holders have difficulty communicating with each other24.In addition to unselfishness, what motivates Microsoft to support open data?[A]Economic benefit[B]Moral concern[C]Legal obligation[D]Prior commitment25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Microsoft Allies With Facebook[B]Microsoft Embraces Big Data[C]Microsoft: A Technological Walled Garden[D]Microsoft: A New Business Model PromoterText 2Interruptions have always been a reality of work, as meetings, text or chat messages, emails, and conversations with coworkers endlessly fragment our time and thus our attention. Research across several surveys suggest that employees—from IT professionals to health care providers—are interrupted every six to 12 minutes.Earlier research by Sophie Leroy, a professor at the University of Washington Bothell, has shown that our brains find it difficult to switch attention between tasks. More often than not, part of our attention stays focused on the interrupted task and does not fully switch to the interrupting demand—a term she coined attention residue. This happens because we have a fundamental need for completion that makes switching our attention quite difficult for the brain to execute; we hold on to incomplete work instead of putting it aside even when a switch of focus is necessary.Leroy proposes the “Ready-to-Resume Plan” as a way to manage interruptions, prevent attention residue, and perform at full capacity on interrupting tasks. The premise of the plan is that if we can put the brain at ease about our ability to complete the interrupted task upon return, we would be able to switch our attention more effectively.To test this idea, Leroy and her team ran a series of lab experiments. Participants started working on Task A and were interrupted to switch to another task, Task B. In the control group, participants immediately switched to the interrupting task, Task B, following the interruption. In the treatment group, the researchers asked participants to take a few minutes before switching to create a “Ready-to-Resume” plan; essentially, to take a minute to note where they were on the interrupted task, Task A, and what they wanted to do and focus on upon return. Then they switched to Task B.The researchers have found that those who engaged in the Ready-to-Resume plan were 79% more likely to choose an optimal candidate when Task B asked them to evaluate profiles for a job position, revealing better decision making when dealing with complex information. The Ready-to-Resume plan took participants less than a minute and yet it yielded significant benefits. This simple and brief practice of taking stock of where one stands on an interrupted task and briefly planning one's return helps the brain feel more at ease with putting it aside and switching attention to an interrupting demand.It's shown that we don't have to passively succumb to the negative effects of inevitable interruptions.The Ready-to-Resume plan provides the brain the cognitive closure it needs to reduce attention residue so that we can be more present and perform at our full capacity. Yes, interruptions at work may be a fact of organizational life; but with the Ready-to-Resume Plan, we can mitigate their effects.26.According to Paragraph 1, findings of the surveys are used to show that interruptions[A]are unnecessary[B]are unavoidable[C]can worsen job performance[D]will increase our time pressure27.The word “residue” (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ________ .[A]remainder[B]deficit[C]control[D]span28.The premise for the plan proposed by Leroy is ______ .[A]preparing to get back to the task interrupted[B]reducing our exposure to interruptions[C]completing the current task immediately[D]communicating the priority of the urgent task29.What did the participants in the treatment group do during the experiment?[A]They wrote a plan for how to complete Task B.[B]They noted down their progress of Task A.[C]They consulted with researchers on the plan.[D]They diverted their attention to Task B instantly.30.According to Paragraph 6, the Ready-to-Resume plan _______ .[A]reduces disruptive interruptions effectively[B]helps us be mentally engaged in the present[C]optimizes the benefits of organizational life[D]leaves little cognitive capacity for multi-tasksText 3At 2018's awards, Caltech's Frances Arnold became only the fifth female Nobel chemistry laureate since the prize was first given in 1901, while Donna Strickland of the University of Waterloo in Canada became only the third female recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in its 118-year history.For too long, women have been marginalized by the profession. Of nearly 18 million scientists and engineers in the EU, 41 percent are women. However, just in 2018, a leading professor declared that “physics was invented and built by men, it's not by invitation.” The almost laughable irony is that he said this at an event convened to explore the discrepancy between gender and science by CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research.This mindset is also reflected in the findings of a 2017 report by Elsevier that looked at the authorship of more than 62 million peer-reviewed papers published over the previous two decades. The analysis found that in 8 of 11 countries studied, the share of women authors grew from about 30 percent in the late 1990s to about 40 percent in recent years. However, female authors were more likely to be represented in health-care-related fields such as nursing and psychology than in the “hard” sciences. This may be due to gender bias in peer review: a self-assessment by the journal eLife found that men had greater chances of getting published than women when facing all-male review panels.While scientists might measure their achievements in publications and citations, the rest of the world is more likely to appreciate their accomplishments from the media coverage surrounding major scientific awards. Despite the triumphs of Arnold and Strickland at last year's Nobel Prizes, here, too, there has been a distinct gender bias. Since the Nobel Prize was established, 97 percent of science prize winners have been men.The fact remains that women in general are still overlooked by research prize-awarding committees. Earlier this year, a study by Brian Uzzi and Teresa Woodruff of Northwestern University found that while that's changing—women awardees are up from 5 percent between 1968 and 1977 to 27 percent in the last decade—women earn 64 cents of prize money for every dollar a man receives.Of course, there should not be positive discrimination; female scientists should win awards on merit alone. But there are certainly candidates who are overlooked by nominators and evaluators because of gender biases in the sciences. Only by redressing the balance of work and gender can we ever hope the day when a woman receiving a prestigious award in science is newsworthy only for her work and not forher gender will come.31.According to Paragraph 2, CERN summoned the convention to discuss ________ .[A]the gender gap in science[B]the drop of women researchers[C]the rise of women's publishing[D]the gender bias in peer review32.The result of the self-assessment reflected that women have _______ .[A]suffered unfair treatment[B]broken gender stereotypes[C]gained health coverage[D]experienced peer pressure33.For the public, a scientist's accomplishment is recognized mainly through _______ .[A]academic conferences[B]enormous published papers[C]press reports on scientific prizes[D]international publication websites34.According to the author, the key for women scientists to win more prestigious awards is to[A]offer them guidance on academic publishing[B]drive gender balance in academic publishing[C]improve the media coverage of their work[D]raise the standards for reviewing papers35.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]Prestigious Science Awards: An Opportunity to Prevent Inequality[B]Prestigious Science Awards: A Path to Financial Freedom[C]Prestigious Science Awards: A Ladder to Career Progression[D]Prestigious Science Awards: A Glass Ceiling for Women to BreakText 4Perfect fluency in a second language can make someone seem so worldly and intelligent. But does knowing more than one language really make a person smarter?The answer is a matter of debate, and the pendulum has swung back and forth. In the first half of the 20th century, hearing two languages at the same time was considered to be a confusing experience for small children. But in the late 1970s, a turnaround was under way. Early exposure to two languages was considered not a handicap but a cognitive advantage.Now the consensus is changing again. A vast online study published in the journal Psychological Science suggests that bilingualism can be handy but doesn't make people more intelligent.Emily Nichols, the lead author and a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Western Ontario, noted that the study enlisted 11,000 people to complete 12 online cognitive tests. Participants included “people who hadn't finished high school and others with professional degrees.” The researcher s then selected 372 pairs comprising one bilingual and one monolingual subject, matching people who were equivalent in age, education, income and gender. Satisfied that they had controlled for these confounding factors, the researchers compared the performance of the pair in online tests of their intelligence.The study found almost no cognitive differences between people who speak just one language and those who said they speak at least two. Bilinguals had a slight leg up on Digit Span, a task that requires a person to remember increasingly long strings of numbers by heart. Otherwise, the performance of the two groups was a wash.That “no difference” finding might be partly explained by the fact that the study “treated all bilinguals as a single group,” sai d Prof. Genesee. In a 2015 study, he and his colleagues looked at neural differences between children who learned two languages simultaneously in infancy and those who learned a second language later. The very early learners, Prof. Genesee said, “engaged n eural areas related to language but also areas of executive control,” such as planning and problem solving.The degree of mastery of a second language also matters, said Richard Haier, author of “The Neuroscience of Intelligence”. “Proficiency can range fr om barely adequate to excellent; lumping everyone into the same group obscures effects.”Absence of evidence isn't evidence of absence, as the saying goes. We don't know all the details about this new study's participants, so we can't yet close the book on whether their bilingualism booststheir smarts. But there are clearly other benefits, said Prof. Owen: “You can speak to more people, qualify for more jobs and fall in love with more people.” And for most of us, that's enough.36.By saying “the pendulum has swung back and forth” (Para. 2), the author means that[A]people are prone to be confused by bilingualism[B]early access to bilingualism is detrimental to people[C]no relationship exists between bilingualism and cognitive development[D]whether bilingualism makes people more intelligent is controversial37.According to Paragraph 5, the online study showed that bilinguals ______ .[A]were equipped with higher degree[B]didn't have cognitive advantages[C]failed to remember long numbers[D]performed worse than monolinguals38.An additional study conducted by Prof. Genesee and his colleagues took into account[A]neural differences between infants and adults[B]the age children start to study a second tongue[C]obstacles in second language acquisition[D]impacts of executive control capability39.The quotation of Richard Haier emphasized the importance of _______ .[A]language certificates[B]effects of neuroscience[C]second language proficiency[D]problems of language learning40.Bilingualism is beneficial because it can ______ .[A]make brain smarter and more flexible[B]guarantee a promising future[C]delay the onset of disease[D]develop interpersonal relationshipsPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Water companies in England discharged raw sewage (wastewater) into rivers on more than 200,000 occasions last year, according to data obtained by the Guardian.Luke Pollard, the shadow environment secretary, said: “Sewage discharges should take place only in the most extreme of circumstances. Regulation needs to be tightened to stop water companies using discharges as a day-to-day measure.”“Customers will rightly be shocked at the frequency of sewage discharges and the damage it does to some of our country's most precious and v aluable river habitats.”The Environment Agency issues permits to allow water companies to release untreated human waste, which includes excrement, condoms and toilet paper, from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) after extreme weather events, such as torrential rain, to stop water backing up and flooding homes.Ashley Smith of the campaign group Windrush against Sewage Pollution said the system was little more than a “licence to pollute”. Smith, who monitors sewage spills on the River Windrush in Oxfordshire, said discharges happened after just a rain shower.He said: “The industry has been given a way to prop up failed infrastructure and it has exploited this enthusiastically. The inability of the Environment Agency to prosecute or even drive improvement has led us to where we are today—in a complete shambles with pollution rife and unchecked.”Michelle Walker of the Rivers Trust described the data as “very alarming”. The environmental charity worked with the Guardian's data to create an interactive map where you can search for river discharges by area. She said: “When you look at the detail, you see that some of these locations are releasing untreated sewage hundreds of times a year, so they are not just operating during extreme rainstorms.”Walker said: “Peop le think our rivers should be fit to swim in but they don't realise it is legal to discharge untreated raw sewage into our rivers.”Dr Andrew Singer, a senior scientist at the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, said the pollution impact of CSO discharge was a risk to ecological and human health.“English rivers, even the Thames and the Severn, are relatively sm all, so the contribution of CSOs to many of our rivers can be extremely significant,” he said. “Rivers are much more likely to be impacted now by CSOs because of the increase in population density and the fact that the sewage system has not expanded to mee t it.”A spokesperson for Wessex Water said: “In an ideal world there would not be a combined sewerage system, but many sewers were laid at a time when only one drain served a property —carrying both rainwater and sewage ... Since 2000 we have invested £181m to upgrade more than 582 CSOs, and there are plans to improve more over the next five years.” A spokesperson for the industry body Water UK, said: “The water industry is committed to the very highest environmental standards ... Although there is currently no simple and effective alternative to overflows, there are some innovative solutions being used, such as sustainable drainage systems, which are natural features that help keep rainwater out of the sewer. In new housing developments, these can help to take some of the pressure off the sewer network.”46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Historically, there's been no way for third parties to directly gather data on the greenhouse gas emissions of both public and private entities. So any concerted effort to reduce emissions has required trusting companies and governments to tell the truth about how much they're polluting.Now, a new coalition of nine climate and technology organizations calling themselves Climate Trace say they have used satellite data, artificial intelligence and other technology to track greenhouse-gas emissions from across the globe remotely. At the micro level, the platform allows users to track emissions down to the level of individual factories, ships and power plants. In general, the platform will allow for a collective accounting of how the world is doing in the effort to reduce emissions. If a given country claims to have reduced, say power-plant emissions, other countries will soon be able to immediately tap into Climate Trace and get data to verify the claim.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your university is to hold an award event for the best ten clubs. Write an email on behalf of your book club to1)apply to participate in the selection, and2)briefly introduce your club.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。
2021年全国英语等级考试四级全真预测卷听力(1)
2021年全国英语等级考试四级全真预测卷听力(1)自己整理的2021年全国英语等级考试四级全真预测卷听力(1)相关文档，希望能对大家有所帮助，谢谢阅读！你会听到三段对话或独白。
在听每一个问题之前，你有5秒钟的时间阅读每一个伴随的问题。
一边听，一边选择[甲]、[乙]、[丙]或[D]来回答每个问题。
听完后，你有10秒钟的时间检查你对每个问题的答案。
每首曲子你只会听一遍。
问题11 ~13是基于两个陌生人在公交车站相遇的对话。
你现在有15秒时间阅读问题11 ~ 13。
11.为什么女人在等？她在等那个男人。
她在等她妈妈。
她在等公共汽车。
她在等雨停。
12.三月通常是什么样的天气？【答】冷。
非常热[C]冷却器【D】更干。
13.公共汽车多长时间经过一次车站？【答】每十分钟。
每二十分钟【C】每半小时【D】每天一次。
问题14 ~ 17基于一段关于异族通婚的对话。
你现在有20秒时间阅读问题14-17。
14.哪一个词最能描述两位演讲者对异族婚姻的立场？【答】对比【乙】对比[C]偶然【D】偏见。
15.根据女方的说法，婚姻通常是如何在习俗和传统方面兴旺发展的？[答]在互让政策上。
除了互让政策【C】以对方适应的方式【D】由于宗教信仰。
16.根据这位妇女的说法，文化差异产生了【答】婚礼上【乙】通婚前【丙】人结婚后【D】直到最近17。
通婚最有可能造成哪些负面影响？【答】离婚乙孩子们心中的许多痛苦【C】父母之间的差距很大【D】以上全部。
问题18 ~ 20基于一段关于电子商务的独白。
你现在有15秒时间阅读问题18 ~ 20。
18.1998年，电子商务交易总额为[阿]6800亿美元68900亿美元689000亿美元168900亿美元19。
金属行业有人认为新趋势会【答】严重改变他们做生意的方式【乙】严重损害他们做生意的方式【丙】不严重改变他们做生意的方式【D】不严重损害他们做生意的方式20。
一些金属行业的人认为只有__种产品会在网上交易[答]标准和二级[乙]高科技[丙]计算机和软件[D]工业现在你有5分钟的时间把你的答案从测试小册子转到答题纸1。
2021.12四级预测试卷(第一套)试题及答案解析
2021.12四级预测试卷(第一套)试题及答案解析四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析1四级预测试卷（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should start your essay with a brief account of parents’ trying to meet all the demands from their children and then explain the harm by doing so. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析2conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A) It’s tedious. B) It’s absurd.2. A) Jazz.3. A) She was afraid of the professor.B) She lost her key and couldn’t enter her house. C) She didn’t makefull preparations for her lessons. D) She was blamed by the professor for her carelessness.4. A) She is a little tired.5. A) Not to wait for him.6. A) Two.7. A) He is a rather tedious person. B) He has just left the hospital.8. A) The train is late. B) The train is empty.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A) Get a traveler’s check.B) Draw a large amount of money.10. A) Daily expenses. C) Holidays and travel expenses. B) Big expenses.D) Education fee.C) Ask the man for financial advice. D) Open some bank accounts.C) The train is crowded.D) The train is on time.C) He doesn’t have a healthy diet. D) He is a better cook than the woman.B) Four. C) Eight. D) Twelve.C) To get her report back. D) Not to fetch the raincoat.B) To clean up her room.C) She wants to listen to the music. D) She is going to make a reservation.B) She is going to study in the library.C) Classical music. D) Country music.B) Rock and roll.C) It’s justifiable. D) It’s understandable.四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析11. A) Her ID card and passport. B) Her personal references.12. A) A salesman. C) A bank clerk. B) A real estate agent.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 13.A) A recording artist. B) A French teacher.14. A) It needs more French lesson tapes. B) It needs to have its controls repaired. C) It is different from all the other laboratories. D) It can be operated rather easily.15. A) Change her class schedule.C) Organise tapes on the shelves. D) Work on the French lessons.B) Fill out a job application form.C) A student.D) A teaching assistant. D) A consultant.C) Her social security number. D) Her cover letter.3Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) She had run a long way.B) She felt hot in the subway.17. A) By lifting her to the platform.B) By helping her rise to her feet.18. A) When the train was leaving.B) After she was back on the platform. C) After the police and fire officials came.D) When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.C) By pulling her along the ground. D) By dragging her away from the edge.C) She had done a lot of work.D) She had donated blood the night before.四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析19. A) They would miss their train.C) She was sure Lisa was hard to lift. D) She was afraid the train would kill him.B) He didn’t see the train coming.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 20. A) In Suva.B) In Sydney.21. A) Its comfortable hotels.22. A) They invented “Fiji time” for visitors.B) They stick to a traditional way of life. C) They like to travel from place to place. D) They love taking adventures abroad.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 23. A) Staying on the farm.24. A) He is very old now.B) He is in good health.25. A) Describe his life in the countryside.B) Persuade people to live in the city.C) Show an interest in the outside world. D) Express his opinions about way of life.C) He lives in the city now. D) He prefers driving a car.C) Moving to the countryside. D) Running away from the school.C) Its exciting football matches. D) Its religious beliefs.B) Its good weather all year round.C) On the island of Vatoa. D) On the island of Viti Levu.4B) Leaving home for the city.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, youshould listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Thirty years ago, anyone blaming loneliness for physical illness would have been laughed at. But as scientists四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析5studied different populations, loneliness kept emerging as a risk factor. In one study, California researchers 26. ________ 4, 700 residents of Alameda County for ten years, starting in 1965. At first, the participants reported their key sources of companionship and estimated the time they 27. ________ each other. During the study, the people who reported the least social 28.________ died at nearly three times the rate of those reporting the most. The source of companionship didn’t matter, but time spe nt with others was 29.________. Since then, researchers have studied men, women, soldiers, and students from countries all over the world. And the same pattern keeps 30.________. Women who say they feel isolated go on to die of cancer at several times th e 31. ________ rate. College students who report “strained and cold” relationships with their parents suffer 32. ________ rates of hypertension (高血压) and heart disease decades later. Heart-attack survivors who happen to live by themselves die at twice the rate of those who live with others. For those of us who are still healthy, the lesson should be obvious. It’s clear that 33. ________ others can help our bodies thrive. It’s equally clear that we’re growing more isolated. In 1900, only 5% of US households 34. ________ one person living alone. The 35. ________ reached 13% in 1960, and it stands at 25% today.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Managers need to find ways to give their employees a lift to improve their morale (士气). That’s where team-building exercises and other spiritual encouragement can come into 36 . The theory is that a trust-building game, a wilderness adventure, a cooking class or even full-contact chocolate bingo (宾果游戏) ― yes, it exists ― will help 37 teamwork, bring cheer and thus encourage everyone to work harder and better together.Yes, promoting teamwork is 38 . Getting everyone together for a shared activity can improve team spirit. But, too often, formal team-building programs 39 only minor, short-lived improvements in encouragement or performance.Still, employers do need to support teamwork, 40 in bad climate. The 41 news is that what works is often fairly simple and inexpensive. The key to improving morale, several experts said, is understanding what 42 to your workers.Curbing executive perks (津贴) and salaries can also go a long way toward building morale, according to Professor Kets de Vries. It is 43 unlikely that workers of car factories got much of a lift watching their industry’s top executives take private jets to Washington in November to ask forfinancial aid. “If you get paid 500 times what the 44 worker is paid,that is ridiculous,” Professor Kets de Vries said. “Don’t be 45 . Great organizations are team-based.”感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
2021年公共英语考试四级模拟试题
2021年公共英语考试四级模拟试题阅读部分Passage OneSustainable development is applied to just abouteverything from energy to clean water and economic growth,and as a result it has become difficult to question eitherthe basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that thenature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so .medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly ruralsociety with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use andthe nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of theindustrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmersto specialize and increase yields. Throughout this periodfood became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat(栖息地)loss and todiminishing biodiversity.What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.All this means that agriculture in the 21stcentury will have to be very different from how it was in the20th.thiswill require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons(正反两方面)of all the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield： energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.1. How do people often measure progress in agriculture?A) By its productivity C) By its impact on the environmentB) By its sustainability D) By its contribution to economic growth2. Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted in________.A) Localised pollution C) competition from overseasB) the shrinking of farmland D) the decrease of biodiversity3. What does the author think of traditional farming practices?A) They have remained the same over the centuries B) They have not kept pace with population growthC) They are not necessarily sustainable D) They are environmentally friendly4. What will agriculture be like in the 21st centuryA) It will go through radical changes B) It will supply more animal productsC) It will abandon traditional farming practices D) It will cause zero damage to the environment5 What is the author’s purpose in writing this passa ge?A) To remind people of the need of sustainable developmentB) To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable foodproductionC) To advance new criteria for measuring farming progressD) To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture isPassage TwoHawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of thearchipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposedto the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of itsother ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of thestate's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment andtheir life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degreeof autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, Joahn Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state --as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters suchas education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given upits claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Hawaii's native minority refers to _________________.A. Hawaii's ethnic groupsB. people of Filipino originC. the Ka Lahui groupD. people with more than 50% Hawaiian blood2. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B. their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.3. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?A. He is Hawaii's first native governor.B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D. He is leading the local independence movement.4. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?A. American Indian natives.B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C. The Ka Lahui group.D. The Hawaiian natives.5. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT ____________.A. a greater autonomy within the stateB. more back rent on the crown landC. a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD. full independence from the USPassage ThreeThe percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congressope nly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired(陷入)in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and Underachievement.Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to (降入)segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.1. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?A) They were of inferior races.B) They were a Source of political corruption.C) They were a threat to the nation’s security.D) They were part of the nation’s bloodstream.2. What does the author think of the new immigrants?A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.B) They can do just as well as their predecessors.C) They will be very disappointed on the new land.D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.3. What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans?A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation.B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment.C) They will melt into the African-American community.D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving.4. What should be done to help the new immigrants?A) Rid them of their inferiority complex.B) Urge them to adopt American customs.C) Prevent them from being marginalized.D) Teach them standard American English.5. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.A) How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documentsB) How to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC) How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing theborderD) How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.Passage FourEarly in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War Ⅱ，an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy...demandsthat we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek ourspiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate." Americans have responded to Lebow's call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveysin the world's two largest economics-Japan and the United States-show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent. Overconsumption by the world's fortunate isan environmental problem unmatched in severity by anythingbut perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate. Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship,family and community have often been sacrificed in the rushto riches. Thus many in the industrial lands have a sensethat their world of plenty is somehow hollow, that misled bya consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attemptingto satisfy what are essentially social, psychological andspiritual needs with material things. Of course, the opposite of overconsumption, poverty, is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash, and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert. If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough .What level of consumption can the earth support ?When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?1. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II .A) led to the reform of the retailing systemB) resulted in the worship of consumerismC )ve rise to the dominance of the new egoismD) gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers2. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption isA) the people's desire for a rise in their living standardsB) the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consumeC) the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD) the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals3. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B) Because overconsumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.C) Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.D) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.4. According to the passage, consumerist culture .A) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countriesB) will not aggravate environmental problemsC) cannot thrive on a fragile economyD) cannot satisfy human spiritual needs5. It can be inferred from the passage that .A) human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueC) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemD) there is never an end to satisfying people's material needsPassage FiveFew creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind’s long s uffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt’s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turk ey’s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left — all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and floodcontrol and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don’t need a dam to be saved.1. The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that ____.A. people would be happy if they shut their eyes to realityB. the blind could be happier than the sightedC. over-excited people tend to neglect vital thingsD. fascination makes people lose their eyesight2. In paragraph 5, “the powerless” probably refers to ____.A. areas short of electricityB. dams without power stationsC. poor countries around IndiaD. common people in the Narmada Dam area3. What is the myth concerning giant dams?A. They bring in more fertile soil.B. They help defend the country.C. They strengthen international ties.D. They have universal control of the waters.4. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as ____.A. “It’s no use crying over spilt milk”B. “More haste, less speed”C. “Look before you leap”D. “He who laughs last laughs best”参考答案1. BDCAD2. ACDBB3. ABDCB4. BBDDC5. CDDC。
2021年大学英语四级(CET-4)真题模拟试卷4【附答案】
2021年大学英语四级(CET-4)真题模拟试卷4【附答案】Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120words following the outline given bellow:1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法？Free admission to museumsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes.“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,”Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender .“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce .“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed .When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture .“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Doug admits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.”A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base has increased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone . Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selves to think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone .1.What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?A)He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.B)He was slow in answering her questions.C)His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.D)His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant .2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from .A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization accordingto the author?A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that .A) He had hired the wrong person.B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’ diverse needs.7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’srequest for leave?A)He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB)He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to know theimportance of to their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we canachieve diversity and benefit from the between us.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions willbe asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once .After each question there will be a pause . Duringthe pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children.C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.C) They are going to have a holiday.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14. A) Make a profitable investment. C) Get parts for the machine from Japan.B) Buy a new washing machine D) Have the old washing machine fixed.15. A) He is pleased with his exciting new job.B) He finds the huge workload unbearable.C) He finds his office much too big for him.D) He is not so excited about his new position.16. A) The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.B) The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.C) The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.D) The man offers to drive the woman to the party.17. A) Drawing up a business plan. C) Finalizing a contract.B) Discussing a term paper. D) Reviewing a co-authored article.18. A) She ordered some paper. C) She chatted online with a friendB) She had the printer repaired. D) She filled in an application form Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) His health is getting worse. C) His past life upsets him a good deal.B) He can no longer work at sea. D) He has not got the expected pension.20. A) She passed away years ago. C) She has been working at a clinic.B) She used to work as a model. D) She has been seriously ill for years.21. A) She has made lots of money as a doctor.B) She is going to take care of her old dad.C) She has never got on with her father.D) She is kind and generous by nature.22. A) He dines out with his wife every weekend.B) He is excellent but looks had-tempered.C) He does not care about his appearance.D) He is not quite popular with his patients.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) The man has sent the order to the woman by mistakeB) Some of the telephone systems don’t work properlyC) Some of the packs do not contain any manuals.D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.24. A) Send a service engineer to do the repairs.B) Consult her boss about the best solution.C) Pass the man’s order to the right person.D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.25. A) Ideal. C) PartialB) Temporary D) CreativeSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages .At the end of each passage .You will hear some questions. Boss the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) It is entertaining. C) It takes lots of time.B) It is a costly hobby. D) It requires training.27. A) They can harm nearby plants. C) They fight each other for food.B) They may catch some disease. D) They may pollute the environment.28. A) Place the food on warmer spots. C) Avoid using any contaminated food.B) Use prepared feed mixtures only. D) Continue the feeding till it gets warm. Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) He will betray even his best friends.B) He is able to make up good excuses.C) He will lie whenever he wants.D) He tries to achieve his goal at any cost30. A) She made him apologize C) She broke up with him.B) She readily forgave him D) She refused to answer his calls.31. A) Buy her a new set of tires. C) Lend her his batteries.B) Help clean her apartment. D) Move furniture for her.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.C) It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.33. A) He always boasts about his rich father.B) He will grow up to be good for nothing.C) He has too much to know the value of things.D) He is too young to manage his inherited property.34. A) She wants Amanda to get professional care.B) She has no experience in raising children.C) She wants to show off her wealth.D) She has no time to do it herself.35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.C) The attention the media focuses on them.D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.Section CDirections : In this section , you will hear a passage three times .When the passage isread for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea .When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill inthe blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have justheard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in themissing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact wordsyou have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check whatyou have written .Around 120 years ago, Ebbinghaus began his study of memory. He(36) .onstudying how quickly the human mind can remember (37) . One result of hisresearch is known as the total time hypothesis(假设), which simply means the amountyou learn (38) on the time you spend trying to learn it . This can be taken asour first rule of learning.Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying forone, there is still the question of how we should use the four hours. For example, is itbetter to study for four hours (39) or to study for one hour a day for four days ina (40) ?. The answer, as you may have (41) , is that it is better to spreadout the study times. This (42) , through which we can learn more (43) .bydividing our practice time, is known as the distribution of practice effect. Thus, (44).But we’re not finished yet. We haven’t considered how we should study oververy short periods of time. (45).Should you look at the same wordin rapid succession, or look at the word and then have some delay before you look at itagain ?(46).Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult.How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing .Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language .A)closer I) painfulB)daily J) performanceC)emotional K) professionD)enhance L) remarkablyE)enormous M) requireF)especially N) sensitiveG)hinder O) urgeH)missionSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cottonat higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’ttoo expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks tothe combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about FutureFashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that.A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),” Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan’s car-makers. He’s a young, successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable 67 . He used to own Toyota’s Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses 68 subways and grains . “It’s not inconvenient at all ,” he says 69 , “having a car is so 20th century.”Suda reflects a worrisome 70 in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, 71 among the young ,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices. 72 mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular ,everything in between is 73 .Last years sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 74 you don’t count the mini-car market . There have been 75 one-year drops in other nations :sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 76 a tax increase . But experts say Japan is77 in that sales have been decreasing steadily78 time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.67. A) profit C) incomeB) payment D) budget68. A) mostly C) occasionallyB) partially D) rarely69. A) Therefore C) OtherwiseB) Besides D) Consequently70. A) drift C) currentB) tide D) trend71. A) remarkably C) speciallyB) essentially D )particularly72. A) While C) WhenB) Because D) Since73. A) surging C) slippingB) stretching D) shaking74. A) unless C) asB) if D) after75. A) lower C) broaderB) slighter D) larger76. A) liable to C) thanks toB) in terms of D) in view of77. A) unique C) mysteriousB) similar D) strange78. A) over C) onB) against D) behindAlarmed by this state of 79 , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) 80 a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found that a 81 wealth gap, demographic(人口结构的) changes and 82 lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their83 longer , replace their cars with smaller ones84 give up car ownership altogether .JAMA85 a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year. Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer , further consolidation (合并) in the automotive sector is86 .79. A) mess C) growthB) boom D) decay80. A) proceeded C) launchedB)relieved D) revised81. A) quickening C) strengtheningB) widening D) lengthening82. A) average C) abundantB) massive D) general83. A) labels C) vehiclesB) cycles D) devices84. A) or C) butB) until D) then85. A) concludes C) reckonsB) predicts D) prescribes86. A) distant C) temporaryB) likely D) immediate。
2021年6月大学英语四级CET4考试模拟试卷及参考答案
Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: GraduateSchool or Work? You should write at least 120 words following the instructions given below in Chinese:目前，越来越多的大学生本科毕业之后选择继续进入研究生院学习。
一个重要的原因是工作不太好找。
那么你打算在大学毕业之后选择找工作还是准备继续上研究生呢?请就这个问题谈谈你的打算和主要原因。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1.Why We LaughWe start finding things laughable —or not laughable —early in life. An infant first smiles at approximately eight days of age. Many psychologists assume this is his first sign of simple pleasure—food, warmth and comfort. At six months or less, the infant laughs to express complex pleasures—such as the light of Mother's smiling face. Between the ages of six months and one year, the baby learns to laugh for essentially the same reasons he will laugh throughout his life, says Dr. Jacob Levine, associate professor of psychology at YaleUniversity. Dr. Levine says that people laugh to express mastery over an anxiety. Picture what happens when a father throws his child into the air. The child will probably laugh—but not the first time. In spite of his enjoyment of "flying", he is too anxious to laugh. How does he know Daddy will catch him? Once the child realizes he will be caught, he is free to enjoy the game. But more importantly, says Dr. Levine, the child laughs because he has mastered an anxiety.Adult laughter is more subtle, but we also laugh at what we used to fear. The feeling of achievement, or lack of it, remains a crucial factor. Giving a first dinner party is an anxious event for a new bride. Will the food be good? Will the guests get along? Will she be a good hostess? Will the knives and forks, cups and saucers be all right? All goes well; the party is over. Now she laughs freely. Her pleasure from having proved her success is the foundation for her pleasure in recalling the evening activities. She couldn't enjoy the second pleasure without the first, more important one—her mastery of anxiety.Laughter is a social response triggered by cues. Scientists have not determined a brain center for laughter, and they are perplexed by patients with certain types of brain damage who go into laughing fits for no apparent reason. The rest of us require company, and a reason to laugh.When we find ourselves alone in a humorous situation, our usual response is to smile. Isn't it hue that our highest compliment to a humorous book is to say that "it made me laugh out of loud"? Of course, we do occasionally laugh alone; but when we do, we are, in a sense, socializing withourselves. We laugh at a memory, or at a part of ourselves.Of course, we don't always need a joke to make us laugh. People who survive frightening situations, such as a fire or an emergency plane landing, frequently relate their story of the crisis with laughter. Part of the laughter express relief that everything is now all right. During a crisis, definitely, everyone mobilizes energy to deal with the potential problem. If the danger is avoided, we need to release that energy. Some people cry; others laugh.When we are made the target of a joke, either on a personal or impersonal level, we are emotionally involved in it. Consequently, we won't be able to laugh.Knowing that laughter blunts emotion, we can better understand why we sometimes laugh when nothing is funny. We laugh during moments of anxiety because we feel no mastery over the situation, claims Dr. Levine. He explains, "very often compulsive laughter is a learned response. If we laugh, it expresses good feelings and the fact that we are able to cope. When we're in a situation in which we can't cope, we laugh to reassure ourselves that we can!"How often have we laughed at a funeral or upon hearing bad news? We laugh to deny an unendurable reality until we are strong enough to accept it. Laughter also breaks our tension. However, we may also be laughing to express relief that the tragedy didn't happen to us. We laugh before giving a big party, before delivering a speech, or while getting a traffic ticket, to say, "This isn't bothering me. See? I am laughing."But if we sometimes laugh in sorrow, more often we laugh with joy. Laughter creates and strengthens our socialbonds. And the ability to share a laugh has guided many marriages through hard periods of adjustment.How could we manage a life with the absence of laugh? According to Dr. Levine, we can measure our adjustment to the world by our capacity to laugh. When we are secure about our abilities, we can laugh at the defects of our own character. If we can laugh through our anxieties, we will not be overpowered by them.The ability to laugh starts early, but it takes a lifetime to perfect. Says Dr. Grotjahn, "when social relationships are mastered, when the individual has mastered...a peaceful relationship with himself, then he has...the sense of humor." And then he can throw back his head and laugh. Both infants and adults laugh for the same reasons.1. Giving your first dinner party is a source of laughter.2. The cues that trigger laughter have been studied by scientists.3. Ordinary people laugh a lot when they are alone.4. If you escape from a dangerous situation you might cry.5. When someone makes a joke about us we are able to share to joke.6. Funerals are a good source of jokes.7. It takes a lifetime to perfect the ability to laugh.8. Laughter is a defense mechanism when reality is too hard or if we hear______.9. A child of one and an old man laugh to show their______ of anxiety.10. Laughter is a social glue that______ our relations.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States. And in this process, he became one of the (47) men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of (48) during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their (49) .Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their (50) for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, (51) instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to (52) themselves.Among his more (53) contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is (54) part of Carnegie-MellonUniversity. Other philanthropic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to (55) understanding between nations, and the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research.There are (56) Americans who have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.A) preferringB) presentlyC) wealthiestD) previouslyE) fewF) investmentsG) fortuneH) expandingI) noteworthyJ) promoteK) helpL) shrinkingM) optingN) obstructO) manySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneExaminations have a longer history in China than in any other country, yet it is today an issue around in which controversy flourishes. At each stage of their school lives children are faced with exams: exams to enter junior middle school, senior middle school, vocational school, colleges and universities. As a result of having constantly to think of these hurdles facing them children find themselves under constant pressure, unable to take time off from studying exam-oriented subjectsto relax with friends or to develop other interests. Within school the concentration on exam success leads to the neglect of courses which are not central to the examinations and a method of teaching and learning which emphasizes training the ability to do well in tests but neglects developing the ability to think creatively.Despite such criticisms the examination system still has its defenders. Without it, they argue, how can we test students' abilities and evaluate the effectiveness of teachers and schools? They believe that they provide the only objective way of selecting students and reduce the exercise of unfair back-door practices to gain advantage for children on the basis of influence or corruption. Examinations are also felt to offer the impetus to students to master their subject in a way in which they otherwise might not. "While too much anxiety can be a bad thing, a little anxiety can stimulate students to learn better than if left without any test to pass," says Li Jie, a leading advocate of the value of testing. "I can remember things now which give me great pleasure which I doubt I would have learned at the time if I had not had to do so for the examinations."57. Which of the following statements about examinations in China is correct?[A] People can make money out of examinations.[B] Only students of today have to take examinations.[C] Students have to learn more about history than about any other subjects.[D] People have different opinions concerning the value of examinations.58. What is a possible result if students pay too much attention to examinations?[A] Students neglect those exam-oriented subjects.[B] Students are unable to relax with friends or to develop other interests.[C] Teachers neglect the training of the students' ability to do well in tests.[D] Students only pay attention to the development of their ability to think creatively.59. Which of the following has NOT been mentioned as the advantage of examinations?[A] Examinations are the only objective way of selecting students.[B] Examinations are the only objective way to eliminate the problem of corruption.[C] Examinations can tell us that too much anxiety can be a bad thing.[D] Examinations can better stimulate students to study.60. According to the passage, why are some people against exams?[A] They are meaningless. [B] They will make students learn something useless.[C] They are believed to cause stress for the students. [D] They are not related to the reality of life.61. Which of the following is an acceptable summary of the organization of this passage?[A] Discussing a problem in education. [B] Refuting a long held opinion.[C] Persuading people to believe an idea. [D] Presenting a controversial issue and arguments from both sides.Passage TwoAn opinion poll was conducted in the early 1990's to ascertain the cultural attitudes of residents of five countries in Western Europe (Britain, France, Italy, Spain and Germany). One thousand people, forming a representative sample of the adult population, from each of the five participating countries were interviewed. The results of the poll suggest that though there is general agreement that culture can be defined as a distinct part of life, there are clear differences in the views of various European nations.The poll assumed that literature, history, science, the arts, law, economics and so on would be regarded as significant components of culture by all participants but it set out to examine the areas which they deemed the most important forms of cultural expression. In addition, the poll required interviewees to indicate in a questionnaire the type of education they considered most appropriate for the modem world, the best channels of knowledge and the arts they most valued. The interviewees were also asked which European countries they found most attractive from a cultural point of view.The results of the poll show interesting differences between the participating nations in terms of which components of culture they regard as most important forms of cultural expression. For the French and Italians, literature comes well at the top of the list. In contrast, mathematics is given priority by the British and economics/politics by the Germans. History occupies second place for the French, the Italians and Germans but is given very low priority by the British. For the Spanish these four areas are more or less equal, with mathematics having a slight edge.It seems that members of each country in the survey have a common definition of culture but that definition varies from country to country. The variations tend to support the national stereotypes we have of one another. The French and Italians are literary peoples, the British scientific and the Germans practical and hard-working.France has the distinction, according to the results of the poll, of being the country which provokes most interest from its British, Italian and German neighbors. Spanish interviewees indicated more interest in Italy than in France. The French also placed Italy first. Italy occupies second place for both the British and the Germans. It would seem, then, that the "literary" nations of France and Italy are more culturally exciting than the scientific British or the practical Germans!The view of education in the five countries is particularly illuminating in view of the high cultural priority given to literature by both Italy and France because there is general agreement among the majority of the 5,000 interviewees that schooling should provide scientific and technical education rather than attempt to inculcate literary and artistic culture.The residents of the five countries of the survey share the view that books are the best way of broadening knowledge. The French, Germans, and Italians identify radio and television as the second best means of improving knowledge but for the British and Spanish travel is in second place and conversation and discussion in third place. The poll confirms that, though there are broad similarities among the nations surveyed, the British, French,Italians, Spanish and Germans do not share identical cultural preferences and classifications. There are, it would seem, specific national characteristics.62. What is the passage mainly about?[A] It is about people's preference in spare time.[B] It is about a poll interviewing people's cultural attitudes.[C] It is about a poll investigating people's view toward their neighboring countries.[D] It is about editorial criticizing cultures in different countries.63. Which of the following is NOT included in the questions directed to the interviewees?[A] Do you think literature, history, science, the arts, law, economics and so on should be regarded as significant components of culture?[B] What kind of education is most appropriate for the modem world?[C] What are the best channels of knowledge and the arts you most value?[D] Which European countries are most attractive from a cultural point of view?64. Which of the following statements about "the most important forms of cultural expression" is NOT correct?[A] The French and Italians consider literature more important than other forms of cultural expression.[B] Mathematics is considered most important by the British and the Germans.[C] In the eyes of the French, the Italians and Germans, history is more important than that in the eyes of the British.[D] For the Spanish, mathematics is somewhat more important than literature, history and economics/ politics.65. Which country are British, Italian, Spanish and German interviewees most interested in?[A] France. [B] Italy. [C] They do not share interests. [D] Neither of the two mentioned above.66. Which of the following is regarded as the best way of broadening knowledge by most people in this interview?[A] Conversation. [B] Books. [C] Travel. [D] Radio and television.Part ⅤClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.There are more than forty universities in Britain-nearly twice as many as in 1960s. During the 1960s eight (67) new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created by (68) old colleges of technologies into universities. In the same period the (69) of students more than doubled, from 70,000 to more than 200,000. By 1973 about 10% of men (70) from eighteen to twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are (71) institutions. Each has its own governing councils, (72) some local businessmen and local politicians as (73) as a few academics. The state began to give (74) to them fifty years ago, and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its (75) from state grants. Students have to pay fees and living costs, (76) every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full (77) , including lodging and food unless his parents are (78) Most students (79) jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not (80) do outside work during the (81) year. The Department of Education takes (82) for the payment which covers the whole (83) of the universities, but it does not exercise direct control. It can have an important influence (84) new developments through its power to (85) funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly (86) of academics.67. [A] essentially [B] completely [C] remarkably [D] comparatively68. [A] altering [B] transferring [C] converting [D] varying69. [A] amount [B] quantity [C] population [D] number70. [A] counted [B] aged [C] seemed [D] lived71. [A] public [B] individual [C] private [D] personal72. [A] including [B] consisting [C] making [D] taking73. [A] good [B] long [C] little [D] well74. [A] grants [B] pensions [C] revenues [D] degrees75. [A] payments [B] charges [C] profits [D] funds76. [A] and [B] but [C] or [D] so77. [A] costs [B] prices [C] fees [D] fares78. [A] poor [B] generous [C] kind-hearted [D] rich79. [A] earn [B] take [C] derive [D] offer80. [A] obviously [B] surprisingly [C] normally [D] particularly81. [A] professional [B] intellectual [C] rational [D] academic82. [A] responsibility [B] advice [C] duty [D] pleasure83. [A] damages [B] waste [C] expenses [D] salaries84. [A] over [B] to [C] on [D] for85. [A] collect [B] contribute [C] distribute [D] gather86. [A] consisted [B] composed [C] made [D] takenPart VI TranslationDirections: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. She has got used to________________________(用吸管喝牛奶) though she is only two months old.88. Depending on what you are looking for, you have to judge for yourself____________________________(这写资料对你来说有多大的相关性)。
2021英语专四考试作文预测题
2021英语专四考试作文预测题（5）However, some advantages for buying books are more obvious and compelling. One of them, definitely not shared by the choice of borrowing books, is the abundance of freedom that buying books can offer us. Since we can keep the books as long as we wish, we can read as much as we want. Another strength of owing books is that we can take whatever notes on the margin of the pages of the books. And finally, the process of selecting and keeping books can be a great fun that borrowing books can by no means offer.While borrowing books can, to some extent, quench our thirst for knowledge, buying books gives us greater pleasure of selecting and keeping the best of the world treasure. Can we think of any thing else more delightful and rewarding?2021英语专四考试作文预测题（4）Books are close friends of humanity. They can arm us with knowledge and information we need to make success of life. Through books we can obtain skills and techniques for survival and development. Through books we can enlightenour spirits and live a fuller life. There are generally two ways in which we can have access to books: borrowing or buying. While millions are borrowing books, I still think buying them best suits me and gives me the greatest enjoyment.Admittedly, there are a few merits for borrowing books. For one thing, borrowing books can save us huge amounts of money. And of course, with the money saved we can do other more worthy things .And also, as we borrow books from the library and friends, we normally have deadline to finish them, and consequently we can read more books in a limited time. And we can, above all, better our efficiency of our reading, just as a famous Chinese saying goes, “books can not be read unless borrowed.”2021英语专四考试作文预测题（3）People’s attitudes toward work vary. Some live to work. Others, however, work to live. What is your opinion?Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your view is. In the second part, support your view with appropriate details.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your composition.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.范文Work as a Part of LifeSome people regard work as the goal of life and spare no pains to pursue a fulfilling career. Others regard work as a means to achieve the value of life, emphasizing the meaning and significance of life itself. I think work is just a part of one’s life. To work means to live, and to live must involves work.First, when one works, he also lives. There is not a period of time when one is only working but not living. Therefore when one works hard and feels happy about his achievements, he is also living fruitfully. There is no need to say that he just "lives to work". Second, it is impossible to imagine a life without work. Marx once said that work is the basic need of the human race. Work is not only a breadwinning process, but is also a process of exploring the unknown world, creating beauty, providing help, expressing love, friendship and care. Anyone would hate a life without work, and I think only those who work well enjoy their life best. To conclude, I am firmly convinced’ that work is a part of life. So enjoy your work, for when you make progress and have fun in your work, you are also enjoying your life.2021英语专四考试作文预测题（2）Many people today use electronic dictionaries instead of printed ones. Some people worry that printed dictionaries may disappear one day. What do you think about this?Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Will Electronic Dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries?You are to write in three parts:In the first part, state specifically what your view is.In the second part, support your view with appropriate details.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.范文Will Electronic Dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries?Many people today prefer to use electronic dictionaries rather than printed ones, because electronic dictionaries are much lighter and smaller and easier to be taken everywhere. Some people worry that printed dictionaries maydisappear one day. But I believe that electronic dictionaries will not kill printed ones.First, printed dictionaries are much cheaper than the electronic ones.Many students, who use dictionaries most often, can hardly afford an expensive electronic dictionary. Therefore, the printed ones are exactly what they need. Second, scholars prefer printed dictionaries to electronic ones. Holding a thick, heavy dictionary is what a teacher used to do, and I believe that they will like to keep this habit. Third, only the printed dictionaries can be colleted into libraries or be put on our private bookshelves. We may use an electronic dictionary very often, but we will never collect it, since it’s designed to be used, not to be collected.Of course electronic dictionaries will be more popular in the future, because they are really convenient. But the printed ones are still needed and will not be replaced. The two kinds of dictionaries are just complementary to each other.2021英语专四考试作文预测题（1）Nowadays the Internet is wildly used for studying, shopping, entertainment, etc. on the campus. Some people say that the Internet facilitates Students’ lives while others don’t agree. What is your opinion?Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200words on the following topic:The Internet—A Blessing or Curse?You are to write in three parts:In the first part, state specifically what your view is.In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.范文The Internet—A Blessing or Curse?Nowadays college students often use the Internet for study, shopping, entertainment, and many other things. Some people say that the Internet facilitates students’ lives, but others worry that it might affect students’ study. In my opinion, the Internet is good for college students when it is used appropriately.The Internet is good for college students. First, students can collect many kinds of information via the Internet. When students find something interesting in the book, but their teacher cannot give them more details or answer all their questions in class, they can search the Internet after class to find the details or answers by themselves. Second, the Internet keeps students updated with what is happening all over the world. Just by browsing the web-page, students can read a lot of news. They can also type on some key words to search and follow any affair on the Internet. They don’t have to search piles of newspapers and thus save much time for study.In one word, the Internet facilitates students’ lives when it is used reasonably. Now more and more college students are becoming aware of the convenience and the importance of using the Internet.。