人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识

Grammar
Direct and Indirect Speech Ⅰ直接引语和间接引语（Ⅰ）
直接引语(direct speech):直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内。

间接引语(indirect speech):用自己的话转述别人的话。

1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句She said , “I’m going to Beijing.”
She said that she was going to Beijing.
2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句He asked, “Are you a doctor?”
He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.
3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句She asked, “What are you doing?”
She asked me what I was doing.
直接引语变成间接引语, 句子结构的变化
陈述句
用连词that引导, that在口语中常省略。

主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told 来代替, 注意, 可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接说told that。

He said, “I have been to Japan.”
He said to us that he had been to Japan.
She said, “I’ll give you an exam tomorrow.”
She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow.
陈述句解题步骤:
“I don’t like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.
Sarah said to her friends that
(I don’t like computers.)
She didn’t
Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.
一般疑问句
间接引语用连词whether或if引导, 原
主句中谓语动词said要改为asked
(me/him/us等), 语序是陈述句的语序
Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty
with English?”
Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any
difficulty with English.
He said, “You are interested in English,
aren’t you?”
He asked whether I was interested in English.
一般疑问句解题步骤:
Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?
( They asked him )
It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.
They asked him if (it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.)
Asked is was
They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.
特殊疑问句
原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词, 主句的谓语动词用ask (sb.) 来表达, 语序改为陈述句语
序。

He said to me, “Where are you from?”
He asked me where I was from.
He asked us, “How many factories are
there in your country?”
He asked us how many factories there
were in our country.
特殊疑问句解题步骤：
When do you harvest the wheat?
( They asked him )
They asked him When you harvest the wheat
harvest the wheat.)
he
Harvested
They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
选择疑问句
用whether…or…表达(不用if/either…or…)
He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?”He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese.
I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot?”
I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot.
谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：
1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变。

The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效, 变间接引语时, 时态可不变。

The children said, “We love this game.”
The children told us that they love that game.
3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态, 在引述时, 时态不变。

She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.”
She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.
在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化
1. 注意时态的变化
2. 注意人称和指示代词变化
3. 注意时间和地点的变化
4. 注意个别趋向动词的变化
He said he…
played football
was playing
had played
had played
would play
had played
Attention:
There are some cases in which we don’t need to change the tense in indirect speech.
When direct speech is about:
a) a truth 真理
b) a timetable 时间表
c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用语
d) An adverbial indicating the past 过去的时间状语。