过去完成时态精讲及练习

过去完成时态精讲及练习
过去完成时是指“过去”这一时间段内发生的事情，它是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情。

过去完成时的构成：had + 动词的过去分词。

一、过去完成时的主要用法
1、表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。

比如说，A事件发生在一个月前，而B事件发生两个月前，那么B事件比A 事件还要早发生，它就要使用过去完成时。

例如：Most of the guest had left when he arrived at the party. （即：客人在他到之前已经离开了。

）
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.（即：吃饭在先，他们到达在后。

）
注意：在上面两个例句，虽然表达时间的连词不同（when当……时；before在……前），但两件事发生的先后顺序很明显。

请不要被when, before之类的词搞混淆了，关键要抓住两件事情的先后关系。

2、表达在过去某个确定的时间之前发生的事或状态。

例如：How many English films had you seen by the end of last year?
在这个例句中，没有两个事件作比较。

但是，它有一个明确的时间作参考，即last year明确了告诉我们是“过去”时间，而by the end of last year说的是在last year之前完成的动作，因此它也是“过去的过去”，可以用过去完成时。

请仔细阅读下面的例句，注意时间的先后关系和动作的先后顺序：
I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning.（今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。

）
She had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.（当她找到了佳能数码照相机的广告时，她已经在因特网上查询了两个小时。

）
I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldn't make any mistakes.（我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。

）
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema . （当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。

）
过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。

例如：
He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here . （在他搬到这儿以前，他已经在那家工厂工作了五年。

）
I saw Li Ping yesterday . We had not seen each other since I left Beijing . （我昨天看见李平了。

自从我离开北京，我们就没见过面。

）By the time I got there, it had already finished.
When she got to the check-out, she realized she had left her purse at home.
He said he had never seen Xiao Wang before.
Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years ever since she was born.
He arrived at 2∶30. He had been told to wait in the VIP lounge．
3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
4、①when引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式)
②by短语
③by the time引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式)
④before引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式)
习题：
（1）Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ______ when he ______ at the party.
A. left；had arrived
B. left；arrived
C. had left；had arrived
D. had left；arrived
解析：正确答案为D。

guests先“离开”，Tom后“到达”。

（2）We ______ four thousand new words by the end of last year.
A. had learned
B. have learned
C. learned
D. will have learned
解析：根据by短语中的last year得知是到去年年末，正确选项为A。

（3）He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten.到十岁时，他已经建起了自己的实验室。

（4）He had studied English for five years before he came here.来这儿之前，他已经学过五年英语了。

5、（1）主语＋had＋hardly(scarcely)＋过去分词＋when(before)＋主语＋一般过去时。

（2）主语＋had＋no sooner＋过去分词＋than＋主语＋一般过去时。

例如：
①They had no sooner got home than it began to rain.他们一到家，天就下起雨来。

②______ got into the room，______ the telephone rang.他一到家，电话就响了。

A. He hardly had；then
B. Hardly had he；when
C. He had not；that
D. Not had he；when 解析：正确答案为B。

当否定词hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首时，主谓要倒装
6、根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。

例如：1. The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk，right under my nose.那支我以为已经丢了的钢笔。

在我的桌子上，就在我的鼻子底下。

A. think；lost
B. thought；had lost
C. think；had lost
D. thought；have lost 解析：正确答案为B。

“丢笔”是在“认为”之前发生的动作。

2. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______home.海伦把钥匙忘在了办公室，所以她不得不等到丈夫回家。

A. has left；comes
B. left；had come
C. had left；came
D. had left；would come
解析：正确答案为C。

had to wait说明事情发生在过去，而“忘带钥匙”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。

7、表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。

常用动词有：hope，think，expect，intend，mean，suppose，want等。

例如：They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time.他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。

8、It was＋时间＋since＋主语＋过去完成时。

例如：They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a good drink.他们邀请我和他们喝酒，我说，我已经至少十年没有好好喝过了。

A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 正确答案为A。

二、下列情况一般不能用过去完成时
下列三种情况不用过去完成时：
1、句中如yesterday , last year , in 1986 , three days ago等明确地表示过去时间的状语，谓语动词必须用一般过去时。

例如：Peter didn`t play football yesterday . （彼得昨天没有踢足球。

）
2、在叙述两件以上的事件时，如果事件之间连接地很紧凑的一系列的动作，一般仍用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。

例如：They decided to stay here , and so they built their houses and made their farms . （他们决定呆在这儿，所以他们建了房子，开垦了农场。

）
三、过去完成的否定句和疑问句
1、否定句had not ...
例如：I hadn't learnt Lesson 20 yet.
2、疑问句Had....?
例如：Had you ever seen such an exciting match before? Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't.。