新编汉英翻译教程-第一周

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英汉翻译基础教程练习答案

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。

英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter One Introduction to Translation

英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter One Introduction to Translation

[点评] :
(1)译文1中,well-paved确是“铺设得很好的”,可是,一见到well或good
[译就译文成1“]:好铺”,设显得得很语言好贫的乏公。事路实经上过,英一语排里排的这整两洁个的词在,汉现译代时有的很房多屋译法,。 如:a这w些ell房-be屋ha坐ved落gi在rl“树举中止得。体的姑娘”
[译文]: 我们都会想念他的,但我们祝愿他退休后快乐,长寿。 4. He has enough money to burn.
[译文]: 他有花不完的钱。 5. Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep?
[译文]: 你为什么要引狼入室?
General Introduction to Translation
expression)。
General Introduction to Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
以作者和读者为取向
Chapter One
• 这类翻译标准或原则的共同特点是:翻译既要“忠实”又要 “通顺”,即译文必须既要考虑到原作者又要考虑到译文的 读者。
• 所谓忠实,首先指忠实于原作的内容。译者必须把原作的内 容完整而准确地表达出来,不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏阉 割或任意增删的现象。其次还应保持原作的风格——即原作 的民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。 译者对原作的风格不能任意破坏和改变,不能以译者的风格 代替原作的风格。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
以作者和读者为取向
Chapter One
十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大·泰特勒(Alexander Fraser Tytler,1747-1814)在《论翻译的原则》(Essay on the Principles of Translation)一书中提出了著名的翻译三 原则:

《新编英汉翻译教程》课件

《新编英汉翻译教程》课件
意译
侧重于传达原文的意义和精神, 不拘泥于原文的句式和表达方式 ,进行适当的调整和改写。
增词法与减词法
增词法
整、流畅。
减词法
在翻译过程中,删除原文中一些不必 要的词汇或短语,使译文更加简洁、 明了。
词序调整与语态转换
词序调整
句法对比
总结词
句法翻译技巧
详细描述
在进行英汉翻译时,需要掌握一定的句法翻译技巧。例如,可以采用拆句、合并、调整语序等方法, 使译文更加符合汉语表达习惯。同时,需要注意句子的逻辑关系和语义连贯性,避免出现断句或语义 不明的情况。
篇章对比
总结词
篇章结构差异
详细描述
英语和汉语在篇章结构方面存在较大差异。英语中篇章结构 较为严谨,常用主题句和段落来组织文章。而汉语中篇章结 构则较为灵活,常通过语义和语境来组织文章。
新闻翻译
总结词
注重时效性和信息传递
详细描述
新闻翻译要求快速、准确地传递信息,确保译 文能够及时地呈现新闻事件的最新进展。
总结词
关注新闻价值和语言风格
详细描述
新闻翻译需要关注新闻价值和语言风格,确保译文 具有新闻的客观性、准确性和可读性。
总结词
了解新闻行业规范和惯例
详细描述
新闻翻译需要了解新闻行业规范和惯例,以确保译文符 合新闻报道的规则和要求。
根据中文的语法和表达习惯,调整原 文中的词序,使译文更加符合中文的 表达方式。
语态转换
将原文中的被动语态转换为中文的主 动语态,或将原文中的主动语态转换 为中文的被动语态,以使译文更加自 然、流畅。
PART 04
翻译实践
文学翻译
总结词
注重语言艺术和审美体验
01

(完整版)英汉翻译教程

(完整版)英汉翻译教程

英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程:1.翻译的定义和内涵:(Definition and Connotation)Translation is an art/ science/craf2.中国几位翻译家的理论(influential translation principles)严复:信达雅-—- faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance。

The “three character guide" is regarded as a plumb—line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷:神似--—spiritual conformity。

Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original。

强调原作神韵再现。

钱钟书:化境--—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德:信、达、切-——faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3.中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅:宁信而不顺-—-rather to be faithful than smooth。

目的:引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信--—rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流.4.直译与意译:直译—--literal translation意译:free translation直译的例子:crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿; chain reaction连锁反应;gentlemen's agreement君子协定; one country, two systems 一国两制;The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流;paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last——-断气; go to one’s external rest——-安息; the long sleep——-长眠;see Marx 见马克思; Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂; blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿:直译不等于死译(dead translation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生:Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street" should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床,进城,见到了她的公爹:She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father。

《新编英汉翻译教程》课件

《新编英汉翻译教程》课件
回顾中国翻译史的重要 事件和人物。
第二章 翻译理论
1 翻译等效性理论
探讨翻译中的等效性原则及其在实践中的应用。
2 动态对等理论
介绍动态对等理论及其对翻译实践的影响。
3 准确、信达、美观
解读翻译过程中的准确性、传达性和美观性等要素。
第三章 翻译方法
1
活学活用
2
分享一些实用的翻译方法和技巧,
帮助提升翻译质量。
2
翻译员的必备素质
讨论翻译员需要具备的技能和品质。
3
翻译行业的未来展望
展望翻译行业的发展趋势和未来机遇。
《新编英汉翻译教程》 PPT课件
这是一份关于《新编英汉翻译教程》的PPT课件,我们将一同探讨翻译的概述、 理论、方法、实践、质量控制、语言能力、翻译工具以及翻译职业发展。
第一章 翻译概述
翻译定义
探索翻译的本质及其在 不同领域中的应用。
翻译的分类
介绍翻译的不同类型, 如文学翻译、科技翻译 等。
中国翻译史概述
3
直译与意译
比较直译和意译的优缺点,讲解 如何在翻译中进行取舍。
翻译技巧
介绍一些常用的翻译技巧,如拆 句翻译和转换语序等。
第四章 翻译实践
社科类翻译实践
讨论翻译社会科学类文本时 的技巧和挑战。
科技类翻译实践
探索在科技领域中翻译的要 点和专业术语的处理。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
文学类翻译实践
分享文学翻译的艺术和技巧, 以及如何处理文学作品中的 文化差异。
第五章 翻译质量控制
1 翻译质量评估标准 2 翻译质量提升方法 3 翻译过程管理
介绍翻译质量评估的 标准和方法。
分享一些提高翻译质 量的实用方法和技巧。

英汉互译1

英汉互译1

英汉互译Ⅰ. Teaching Arrangements1) Teaching Hours: 38-40hs, 2 h per week2) Teaching Methods: 1) Lectures: introduce translation theory and skill &their histories2) Discussions on theories, skillsthe differences between English and Chinesethe error and weakness in translation3) Class shows: sight interpreting4) Student Performance: 5 minutes each weekmainly based on volunteers2 minutes each student2 times each student a term5) Answering Questions on Interneta. 形而上者为道,形而下者为器。

(《易经》)b. 传道授业解惑也。

(《师说》韩愈)c. Keep fit, study well and work hard.d. Practice makes perfect.e. Many heads are better than one.3) Assignments and Attendances (5 readings and 12 translations)2. Mid- Term Examination9th week. From English into ChinesePart One Theories and Skills (Multiple Choices) (30%)Part Two Practice (Two Texts) (60%)Part Three Discussion (10)Final Examination (60%)Part One Theories and Skills (Multiple Choices) (30%)Part Two Practice (Three Texts: one from English into Chinese; two from Chineseinto English) (60%)Part Three Discussion (10)Final grade =Assignments and attendances: 20%Mid-term Exam: 20%Final Exam: 60%3. References:1)安菊梅(主编).英汉翻译教程[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2006.2)康娟(主编).英语专业八级考试翻译指南[M].北京:中国社会出版社,2006年.3)张培基, 喻云根李宗杰,彭谟禹. 英汉翻译教程[M]. 上海:外教社, 1980.4)中国翻译[J]5)陆谷孙(主编). 新编英汉大词典[Z].上海:上海译文出版社,1996.6)谭卫国,蔡金龙(主编).新编英汉互译教程[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,2005.7)阎佩斯[M].英汉与汉英翻译教学论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.8)英语学习[J]9)英语沙龙[J]10)上海科技翻译[J]任课翻译成果Lecture One1. IntroductionTranslation means the conversion of an expression into another language. To say plainly it is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original. From the above definition of translation we know that the original thought of the expression must be kept as exactly as possible. Nothing should be added to or translator taken away from the original work. The duty of the translator is simply to change the vocabulary not the thought. In translation therefore, there are two essential elements: accuracy andexpressiveness.Accuracy is the first requisite of translation. The translator must stick to the author’s idea. Words selected and construction sentences constructed must be of such nature as will convey the exact original thought. Expressiveness is to make the translation readily understood. In other words, the translator must express his author’s idea as clearly and as forcibly as he can by the medium he employs. Accuracy is to make the thought definite and exact; while expressiveness is to make the translation, vivid and attractive.2. Theories1)翻译简史简史中国的翻译历史简单分为四个主要阶段。

汉英翻译(chapter one) 第一章 翻译的过程

汉英翻译(chapter one) 第一章 翻译的过程
新编实用汉英翻译教程 (chapter one)
2013年2月25日
一、翻译的过程
(一)理解阶段 1.语义分析 语义分析是语言分析的一个分支,说明处在 一定语境中,按照一定次序排列的词项之间 的语义关系,探索词项的意义。把握好原语 的全部意义,是翻译成效的关键。
琼州学院外国语学院
2
1)注意词的概念意义和关联意义。
琼州学院外国语学院 8
3.语用分析
语用分析,是通过语用学的思考,对语言的 交际意义进行综合分析的方法之一,旨在了 解和确定讲话人与所讲话语之间的关系,或 者说旨在把握语言符号与使用该语言符号的 人的关系。 这种关系常常表现为讲话人的感情、态度、 情绪、意念等。了解这一点对于翻译来说是 至关重要的。
琼州学院外国语学院
12
(二)表达阶段
1、直译(Literal Translation) 习语极富哲理、形象鲜明,深深植根于社会 习俗和文化传统之中,遇有原文用意独特而 汉语又无对应说法的谚语,可采用直译法。 但要注意的是,直译并非逐字对译,而是取 其题旨用意和比喻形象,兼顾原文修辞效果。 直译法如运用得当,可扩大读者的知识,丰 富汉语的表达能力。
11
琼州学院外国语学院
2)弄清讲话人的意图,进而决定表达方式。
① Harry is a professor, but can’t spell. 哈利是教授,奇怪的是不会拼写。 ② And you talked to him this way after all he had done for you. 人家帮了你那么多忙,你怎么竟这样跟人家 讲话呢?
① seat oneself in a wooden chair 坐在木椅里 ② accept a university chair 同意在大学里执教 ③ chair the board meeting 主持董事会 ④ condemned to the chair 被处电刑

汉英翻译教程_课件_U1

汉英翻译教程_课件_U1

二、中国时政文献的语言特色
用典 典故一般指文章中引用的历史故事、经典文献、诗词歌赋等材料。中国 时政文献常使用典籍、诗词等多种典故,以丰富具体内容的表达效果,突出 具体主题的思想内涵。 例. 法律的生命也在于公平正义,各国和国际司法机构应该确保国际法 平等统一适用,不能搞双重标准,不能“合则用、不合则弃”,真正做到 “无偏无党,王道荡荡”。
第一单元
中国时政文献的内涵与特色
一、中国时政文献的基本内涵
• 集中体现国家政策、方针
• 新概念、新范畴、新表述密集呈现

二、中国时政文献的语言特色

• 词汇特点
• 句法特点
• 语篇特点
• 修辞特点
一、中国时政文献的基本内涵
1. 集中体现国家政策、方针 作为一种正式文本,中国时政文献是中国共产党和中国政府对外发布中
二、中国时政文献的语言特色
词汇特点 政策术语集中、特殊词汇使用频繁、数字化表达丰富 句法特点
主语省略(隐含)句、连动句、主谓短句(或主谓结构)、 流水句、并列句、长句
语篇特点 语篇衔接、隐性语义连贯 修辞特点 多样化修辞策略、习近平“群众语言”风格
二、中国时政文献的语言特色
4. 修辞特点 4.1 多样化修辞策略 “成语化”四字格、三字格
句法特点
主语省略(隐含)句、连动句、主谓短句(或主谓结构)、 流水句、并列句、长句
语篇特点 语篇衔接、隐性语义连贯 修辞特点 多样化修辞策略、习近平“群众语言”风格
二、中国时政文献的语言特色
1. 词汇特点 1.1 政策术语集中 中国时政文献体现党和国家在政治、经济、文化、外交等领域的方针、
政策,具体领域的专业表述使用集中,内涵丰富,意义重大,如:

课程任务书-四川外国语大学重庆南方翻译学院

课程任务书-四川外国语大学重庆南方翻译学院

课程任务书
所在学院:国际商学院
教研室(组):英语专业高年级教研室
综合组
课程名称:翻译理论与实践(2)
起止时间:2016.9-2017.1
四川外国语大学重庆南方翻译学院教务处制
说明:
1.该任务书的填写和考核以学期为单位;
2.该任务书由各院、部教研室、教学组负责人填写;
3.填写时,须事先经过所在教研室、教学组集体讨论,统一教学规
划;
4.各院、部教研室、教学组在开学前两周将《课程任务书》内容传
达任课教师,任课教师须认真执行;
5.为使学生明确教师的工作任务和教学目标,任课教师须以一定方
式将课程任务书中有关内容传达给学生;
6.二级学院、部在学期末填写对教研室工作的评估意见,并交教务
处备案;
7.二级学院、部留存《课程任务书》电子文档。

《新编英汉翻译教程》 孟庆升

《新编英汉翻译教程》 孟庆升

教材一:《新编英汉翻译教程》,孟庆升编著,辽宁大学出版社第一章绪论1.本章教学目的与要求:要求学生对中国及世界翻译的历史有一个大概的了解,明确中外译界就翻译标准都有过哪些主张,并且明确作为译员应具备哪些素质。

2.教学内容:无论是作为一种文化现象、思想运动或知识技能,还是作为一种职业,翻译总是与人们所处的时代背景密不可分的。

翻译的概念、方法、标准和风格,无不与时代共进。

纵观国内外的翻译实践和翻译理论研究,不难得出结论:翻译确实是人类精神文明中最富活力而且是最敏锐的领域之一。

一、翻译史简介人类古代的翻译活动大都与宗教的发展密切相关。

西方的翻译是从翻译《圣经》开始的,而中国的翻译则始于佛经的翻译。

在这点上两者有着很大的相似之处。

一)西方翻译史翻译在西方已有两千多年的历史,曾经出现过五次高潮,其中前三次高潮均与《圣经》翻译以及基督教与穆斯林之间的文化交流为主体。

到了公元14-16世纪欧洲文艺复兴时期,翻译活动才逐渐深入到思想、政治、哲学和文学领域。

第二次世界大战以来,翻译则不再仅限于宗教与文学,而是深入到科技、教育、艺术、商业、旅游等社会生活的各个方面。

翻译不再只由少数学者独领风骚,而是发展成为一种颇具魅力的职业。

人们不仅对翻译的科学、艺术和技巧进行了深入细致的研究与探讨,而且发展了机器翻译。

人工智能的利用大大减轻了翻译工作者繁重的脑力和体力劳动。

1。

第一次高潮(公元前3世纪中叶)这个时期最著名的翻译成就有两个:1)《希腊文旧约圣经》据说当时有72名学者用了72天时间把《圣经》从希伯来语翻译成希腊语,以满足讲希腊语的犹太人学习《圣经》的需要。

2)《奥德赛》拉丁语译本受希腊文化的影响,罗马文学家把荷马(Homer: about 9 BC, poet of Ancient Greece)的史诗《奥德赛》(Odyssey)译成了拉丁语。

同时还有一大批希腊戏剧也被翻译成拉丁语。

2.第二次高潮(公元4-6世纪之间)西方翻译的这一次高潮与基督教的发展有着密切的联系。

陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(第2版)-第1章 绪 论【圣才出品】

陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(第2版)-第1章 绪 论【圣才出品】

第1章绪论1.1 复习笔记一、翻译的性质与类型1. 翻译的意义翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。

翻译的本质是释义,是意义的转换。

翻译活动涉及诸多因素:译者(translator)、作者(author)、原文(source text)、原文读者(source-text readers)、译文(target text/translated text/target version)、译文读者(target-text readers)等。

2. 翻译的类型①就文本而言,翻译可分为文学翻译、科技翻译和应用文翻译。

②就方式而言,主要有全译、摘译和编译。

二、汉英翻译的单位翻译单位可以决定在什么层级上实现翻译的标准。

汉语和英语的语言层级均有词(word)、短语(phrase)、句子(sentence)、段落(paragraph)和篇章(text)。

对初学者来说,句子是较为理想的翻译单位。

但是汉语句子只是语义相对完整的一个单位,它与相邻句子之间必然存在语义上的关联,所以不可孤立地翻译句子而忽视句子之间的关系。

三、汉英翻译的标准1. 中国的翻译标准在中国,严复的“信、达、雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance)是影响最深、流传最广的翻译标准。

该三字标准最早出现于佛经翻译家支谦的《法句经序》中。

文学翻译家黄龙先生对严复提出的翻译标准倍加欣赏,并赋予“信、达、雅”新的内涵和生命,其标准适用于文学翻译。

另一位翻译家刘重德先生在严复的基础上,提出了“信达切”(faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness)的翻译标准。

“信”指信于原文内容(to be faithful to the content of the original);“达”指具备原文一样的表现力(to be as expressive as the original);“切”指尽可能切近原文风格(to be as close to the original style as possible)。

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)课时PPT

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)课时PPT
技术创新推动行业发展
人工智能、机器翻译等技术的发展将为汉英翻译行业带来 新的机遇和挑战,译者需要紧跟技术发展,不断提升自己 的竞争力。
THANKS FOR WATCHING
感谢您的观看
受到原文的文化内涵。
跨文化意识培养
培养译者的跨文化意识,提高其 在翻译过程中处理文化因素的能
力和水平。
翻译项目管理
项目计划制定
根据翻译项目的需求和要求,制定详细的项目计 划和时间表。
团队协作与沟通
有效组织和管理团队成员,确保翻译项目顺利进 行,及时解决项目过程中出现的问题和困难。
质量监控与评估
对翻译项目进行质量监控和评估,确保译文质量 符合客户要求和行业标准。
总结词
关注跨文化交流和沟通
详细描述
商务翻译需要关注跨文化交流和沟通的问题,能够准确传 达不同文化背景下的商业意图和需求,同时注重译文的流 畅性和可读性,使译文更加符合目标受众的文化习惯和商 业思维。
04 汉英翻译进阶
高阶翻译技巧
语义分析
深入理解原文含义,把握原文的 逻辑关系和深层含义,确保译文
准确传达原文意义。
总结词
强调客观性和中立性
详细描述
新闻翻译需要保持客观和中立的立场,避免在译文中加入 个人观点或偏见,同时要注重译文的准确性和流畅性,确 保译文能够客观地反映新闻事实。
总结词
关注语言风格和表达方式
详细描述
新闻翻译需要关注语言的风格和表达方式,根据不同的新 闻类型和媒体平台,采用适当的语言风格和表达方式,使 译文更加符合媒体平台的定位和受众需求。
学生的跨文化意识,使他们能够更好地理解和传递原文的文化内涵。
未来学习与研究方向
深化理论学习

新编汉英翻译教程附录

新编汉英翻译教程附录

3.重要机构名称英译学校各部门:校医院university hospital保卫科security section财务处finance section基础部basic training department教材科teaching material section教导处educational setion教务处the dean’s office教研室teaching and research room科研处scientific research department膳食科catering section外事科foreign affairs office学生科student affairs section学术委员会academic committee研究生院graduate school招生办公室admission office政教处political education section总务处general affairs office政党及党组织:九三学社The Jiu San Society台湾民主自治同盟The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League政治局Political Bureau中共中央对外联络部International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee中共中央统战部United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee中国共产党The Communist Party of China中国共产主义青年团Communist Youth League of China中国国民党革命委员会The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang中国民主促进会China Association for Promoting Democracy中国民主建国会China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主同盟The China Democratic League中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Party中央办公厅General Office of the Central Committee中央党校Party School of the Central Committee中央顾问委员会Advisory Commission of the Central Committee中央候补委员Alternate Member of the Central Committee中央纪律检查委员会Discipline Inspection Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事化委员会Military Commission Under the Central Committee中央绿化委员会Greening Commission of the Central Committee中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee中央委员会Central Committee /C.C.中央政法委员会Commission of Politics and Law of the Central Committee中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee中央组织部Organizing Department of the Central Committee国务院所属各部、委、局的名称兵器工业部Ministry of Ordnance Industry财政部Ministry of Finance城乡建设环境保护部Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environment Protection地质矿产部Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources电子工业部Ministry of Electronics Industry对外经济贸易部Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation纺织工业部Ministry of Textile Industry工商局Industrial and Commercial Bureau工商行政管理总局General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration公安部Ministry of Public Security广播电影电视部Ministry of Radio, Film and Television国防部Ministry of National Defense国防科学技术工业委员会the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for State Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security国家标准总局State Bureau of Standardization国家测量制图局State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography国家档案局State Archives Bureau国家地震局State Seismological Bureau国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission国家海洋局State Oceanic Bureau国家计划生育委员会the State Family Planning Commission国家计划委员会the State Planning Commission国家计量总局State Bureau of Metrology国家经济体制改革委员会the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System国家经济委员会the State Economic Commission国家民族事务委员会the State Nationalities Affairs Commission国家商品检查局State Commodity Inspection Bureau国家水产总局State Bureau of Aquatic Products国家税务局State Taxation Administration国家体育运动委员会the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家统计局State Statistical Bureau国家物价局State Bureau of Commodity Prices国家新闻出版署State Press and Publication Bureau国内贸易部Ministry of Internal Trade国土局Land and Resources Bureau国土资源部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources国务院参事室Office of Counselors to the State Council国务院港澳办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office under the State Council 国务院侨务办公室Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs航天工业部Ministry of Astronautics Industry核工业部Ministry of Nuclear Industry化学工业部Ministry of Chemical Industry机械工业部Ministry of Machine-Building Industry监察部Ministry of Supervision建设部Ministry of Construction交通部Ministry of Communication教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labor and Social Security林业部Ministry of Forestry旅行游览总局General Administration of Travel and Tourism煤炭工业部Ministry of Coal Industry民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs轻工业部Ministry of Light Industry农牧渔业部Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery全国供销合作总社All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives 审计署Auditing Administration石油工业部Ministry of Petroleum Industry水利电力部Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power司法部Ministry of Justice铁道部Ministry of Railways外国专家局Bureau of Foreign Experts Administration外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs卫生部Ministry of Health文化部Ministry of Culture信息产业部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Industries冶金工业部Ministry of Metallurgical Industries邮电部Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications宗教事务局Bureau of Religious Affairs其他政府和群众组织:中华全国妇女联合会All-China Women’s Federation中华全国工商业联合会All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中国残疾人协会Chinese Association for the Handicapped中华全国总工会All-China Federation of Trade Unions中国红十字会Red Cross Society of China全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress省人民代表大会Provincial People’s Congress地区人民代表大会Prefectural People’s Congress市人民代表大会City People’s Congress自治区人民代表大会Autonomous Regional People’s Congress中国人民政治协商会议Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court中级人民法院Intermediate People’s Court中央法院Central Court地方法院Local Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate公安局Ministry of Public Security中国民用航天局Civil Aviation of China国家安全部Ministry of State Security中国民用航天总局General Administration of Civil Aviation of China中国文字改革委员会Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language 中国中央电视台China Central Television Station/ CCTV中央气象局Central Bureau of Meteorology中央文史研究馆Central Research Institute of Culture and History新华社Xinhua News Agency编辑室Editorial Section辞书出版社Lexicographic Publishing House高等教育出版社Higher Education Press古籍出版社Classics Press广播电视出版社Broadcasting and Television Press教育出版社Education Press科学技术出版社Science & Technology Press美术出版社Fine Arts Press人民出版社People’s Publishing House商务印书馆Commercial Press少年儿童出版社Juveniles and Children’s Publishing House社会科学出版社Social Science Publishing House外文出版社Foreign Languages Press文艺出版社Literature and Art Publishing House销售部Sales Department译文出版社Translation Publishing House音像出版社Audio-Visual Publishing House中国对外翻译出版公司China Translation & Publishing Corporation商业银行Commercial Bank信用社Credit Cooperative中国工商银行Industrial & Commercial Bank of China中国建设银行China Construction Bank中国农业银行Agriculture Bank of China中国人民银行the People’s Bank of China中国银行the Bank of China中国文化特色词语宗教及传统文化拜年pay a New Year call财运luck in making money禅宗Chan Sect出家人ascetic祠堂memorial temple倒春寒an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring 道教Taoism道士Taoist priest法师Master方丈Buddhist abbot佛教Buddhism恭喜发财May you be prosperous!/ Wish you all the best!和尚Buddhist monk红包red envelope containing money as a gift/ bribe/ kickback 红运good luck华表ornamental column/ cloud pillar/stele华盖canopy回教Islam慧根the organ of wisdom基督教Christianity甲骨文inscriptions on oracle bones江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of Yangtze River戒precept/ discipline金刚经Diamond Sutra京剧票友Peking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱types of facial make-up in Peking Opera景泰蓝cloisonné旧教、天主教Catholicism坎儿井karez空emptiness喇嘛Lama老字号an old and famous shop/ enterprise尼姑Buddhist nun涅槃Nirvana旗袍cheongsam三藏经Tripitaka三教(儒、释、道)Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism时运luck/ fortune四大皆空all space directions being valid新教,耶稣教Protestantism真人Taoism pure man族人clansman坐禅sitting in meditation节假日春节Spring Festival党的诞生日Party’s Birthday端午节Dragon-Boat Festival国庆节National Day建军节Army Day教师节Teachers’ Day六一儿童节International Children’s Day清明节Pure Brightness Day三八妇女节International Working Women’s Day五一劳动节May Day/ International Labor Day元旦New Year’s Day元宵节Lantern Festival中秋节Mid-Autumn Festival重阳节Double-Ninth Festival名胜古迹阿里山Ali Mountain碑林Forest of Steles兵马俑the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses布达拉宫Potala Palace长城Great Wall长春观Changchun Taoist Temple承德避暑山庄Chengde Mountain Resort城隍庙the Town God’s Temple大(小)雁塔Greater (Lesser)Wild Goose Pagoda 叠彩山Piled Silk Hill东方明珠塔the Oriental Pearl Power东湖East Lake洞庭湖Dongting Lake峨眉山Mt. Emei二七纪念馆February 7 Memorial Hall夫子庙the Temple of Confucius鼓浪屿Gulang Islet故宫the Imperial Palace/ the Forbidden City归元寺Guiyuan Buddhist Temple龟山Tortoise Hill华清池Huaqing Hot Spring黄鹤楼Yellow Crane Tower黄山Huangshan Mountain九曲桥the Nine Zigzag Bridge橘子洲Orange Island孔庙Confucius Temple坤宁宫Palace of Earthly Tranquility乐山大佛Large Leshan Buddha灵隐寺Temple of Soul’s Retreat龙门石窟Longmen Grottos庐山Mt. Lushan芦笛岩Reed Flute Cave毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Memorial Hall莫高窟Mogao Grotto in Dunhuang蓬莱阁Penglai Pavilion人民大会堂People’s Great Hall人民英雄纪念碑the Monument to the People’s Heroes日月潭Sun Moon Lake三峡the Three Gorges on the Yangtze少林寺Shaolin Temple蛇山Snake Hill狮子林Lion Grove十三陵the Ming Tombs石林Stone Forest嵩山Songshan Mountain太和殿Hall of Supreme Harmony太湖Lake Taihu泰山Mt. Taishan天安门广场Tian An Men Square天坛Temple of Heaven外滩the Bund武汉长江大桥Wuhan Changjiang River Bridge武侯祠Temple Dedicated to the Memory of Zhuge Liang象鼻山Elephant Trunk Hill养心殿Hall of Mental Cultivation颐和园the Imperial Garden/ the Summer Palace雨花台the Terrace of the Raining Flowers玉渊潭公园Jade Abyss Pool Park豫园(上海城隍庙)Yuyuan Garden/ Shanghai’s Town God’s Temple 岳阳楼Yueyang Tower中山陵Dr. Sun Yet-sen’s Mausoleum紫金山天文台Purple Hills Observatory紫禁城the Forbidden City紫竹院公园Purple Bamboo Court Park节气二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms立春the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term)雨水Rain Water惊蛰the Waking of Insects春分the Spring Equinox清明Pure Brightness谷雨Grain Rain立夏the Beginning of Summer小满Grain Full芒种Grain in Ear夏至the Summer Solstice小暑Slight Heat大暑Great Heat立秋the Beginning of Autumn处暑the Limit of Heat白露White Dew秋分the Autumn Equinox寒露Cold Dew霜降Frost’s Descent立冬the Beginning of Winter小雪Lesser Snow大雪Great Snow冬至the Winter Solstice小寒Lesser Cold大寒Greater Cold政治经济活动“达标”活动“target hitting” activities“豆腐渣”工程jerry-built project“一条龙”服务coordinated-process service安居工程Housing Project for low-income families按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance把各项政策落到实处truly put all policies into effect把握正确的舆论导向to properly guide the public opinion把眼光放远一点to subordinate immediate interests to the long –term ones/ to be farsighted/ to have a broad view把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处to get the set principles, policies and measures implemented百花齐放,百家争鸣Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend百年不遇once-in-a-century摆门面to put up an impressive front半拉子工程uncompleted project包干到户work contracted to households保持和发展党的先进性preserve and enhance maintain and develop the Party’s vanguard nature保重点,不撒胡椒面Resources must be channeled to priority projects and not spread thinly everywhere本位主义departmentalism变相涨价disguised inflation拨乱反正to set things right/ to restore things to order不搞一刀切without imposing a single solution不顾条件,一哄而起to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions不合理收费、集资和摊派to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization不良风气unhealthy ways and customs不正之风unhealthy practice部优产品Ministry-recognized quality goods/ products财政困难县financially strapped counties菜篮子工程the shopping basket project参政议政意识the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs超计划生育to have more children than what is planned/ extra-plan babies城市最低生活保障制度the system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents城乡居民最低生活保障制度the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents吃大锅饭the egalitarian practice of “everybody eating from the same big pot”出口退税export tax rebates传销pyramid selling/ multi-level marketing春运(passenger)transportation during the Spring Festival磁悬浮列车maglev train/ magnetic suspension打白条to issue IOUs打假to crack down on counterfeit goods打捆货贷bundled loans打破僵局to break the deadlock大路货staple goods大排档sidewalk snack booth/ large stall大腕top notch/ a heavyweight待业job-waiting单位organizations and institutions党风廉政政策build a fine Party culture and keep its organization clean党群关系Party-masses relationship党性one’s Party morale/ Par ty spirit/ Party character倒爷profiteer第二职业second employment/ second occupation第三产业tertiary industry/ service sector对外宣传工作to conduct public diplomacy programs发展是硬道理Development is of overriding importance防洪工程flood-prevention project房管real estate management放宽市场准入relax control over market entry/ease market access扶贫poverty alleviation福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system改革开放reform and opening to the outside world改革开放政策the reform and open policy港人治港Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong高新技术产业开发区high and new technological industry development zone搞活国营大中型企业to revitalize large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 搞活经济to invigorate/ enliven/ liberalize the economy革命老根据地the old revolutionary base areas公费医疗medical services at state expense公款吃喝banquet at public expenses挂靠to be attached or affiliated to挂职to be attached or affiliated to / to be subordinate to官倒official profiteering规范收入分配秩序standardize pattern of income distribution国家行政编制government staff status长期国库券treasury bonds国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises,和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peace Coexistence,和平统一一国两制的方针the principles of peaceful reunification and “one country, two systems”,和平演变peaceful evolution towards capitalism和谐发展all-win harmony/harmony and all winners和谐社会的内涵the characteristics of a harmony society黑店gangster inn黑客hacker黑社会gangland,Mafia-style organizations红筹股red-chip shares/red chips户口簿residence booklet户口管理制度domicile system/residence registration system户主head of a household灰色收入income from moonlighting火炬计划Torch Program基本国情fundamental realities of the country集体主义community spirit/collectivism计划生育family planning加强基层民主to expand democracy at village and community level加强务实合作to enhance cooperation in practical term假日经济holiday economy坚持“一个中心两个基本点”的基本路线adhere to the Party’s basic line of taking economic development as the central task and upholding the four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as “on central task and two basicpoints”坚持两个文明一起抓to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advanced both materially and culturally and ideologically,减员增效下岗分流to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoffs re-employed elsewhere,讲文明礼貌to promote civilized behavior/civic manners,讲学习,讲政治,讲正气的党性党风教育to educate the cadres in the Party spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical studies.political awareness and integrity解放生产力emancipate the productive forces,解放思想to free our mind戒急用忍to overcome impetuosity and exercise patience/no haste/be patient经济开发区economic development zone经济特区special economic zone精简机构to streamline government organs精神文明建设to promote cultural and ethical progress,纠风办State Council Office for Rectification,纠正不正之风to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices,九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education,军转民military conversion/conversion from military to civilian production,开展扫黄打非斗争to crack down on pornography and other illegal publications康居工程the Affordable Housing Project科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教兴国战略the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education 科学民主决策to make decisions scientifically and democratically可持续发展sustainable development跨世纪工程a trans-century project廉政建设construction of a clean government廉政文化建设to foster a culture of clean government领导班子leading body/group领导班子和干部队伍建设to strengthen the Party’s leading bodies and the ranks of Party officials to enhance capacity-building of Party’s leading bodies and party officials龙头play a leading role in/ serve as a powerhouse乱摊派indiscriminate levies/ arbitrary imposition of quotas乱涨价unauthorized price rise,民工out-of-town laborer/ rural laborer/ migrant laborer民族区域自治制度the system of autonomy of ethnic regions磨洋工to dawdle along,南水北调工程projects to divert water from the south to the north,农转非agricultural people to be given non-agriculture status普法教育to enhance legal awareness企业政策性破产policy-mandated bankruptcy of enterprise强国之路the path to a strong China勤俭建国to build the country with industry and thrift全民所有制public ownership/public sector/publicly owned,权力下放to delegate/decentralize power to the lower levels三角债debt chains三通direct links in postal service,air and shipping services and trade/three direct links of trade, mail and air and shipping services across te Taiwan Straits三峡工程Three Gorges Project三资企业enterprises in the “three firms of ventures”: Sino-foreign joint ventures,cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises扫黄anti-pornography drive/campaign against pornography,社会主义基本制度the basic system of socialism涉外婚姻Chinese marriage with foreign nationals生态补偿机制ecological damage compensation mechanism十年动乱the ten chaotic years/the ten-year turmoil,十年规划和“八五”计划纲要the guidelines of the Ten-Year Programme and the Eighth Five-Year Plan实事求是to pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach事业编制staffing of government affiliated institutions四有公民citizens who have high ideas, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline脱贫to shake off poverty歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena晚婚晚育late marriage and postponement of childbearing温饱问题the problem of inadequate food and clothing五好家庭five-virtue family五讲四美三热爱five stresses and four points of beauty and three aspects of love五讲四美运动the movement of”five stresses and four points of beauty”:to promote civility,courtesy,tidiness,orderliness and integrity物质文明material progress下岗人员the laid-off下海to take the plunge into private business下硬功夫make intensive efforts乡镇企业township enterprise/rural enterprise小康社会a well-off society小康生活to lead a relatively comfortable life小商品市场small fair,信息高速公路information highway/info highway星火计划Spark Program姓资姓社问题distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism亚运村Asian Games Village严打to crack down on crimes and social evils严防死守life-and-death defense一刀切sweeping approach/ to impose uniformity on /action in disregard of objective conditions一国两制one country, two systems一切向钱看money-mania/ money-mad/to put money above anything else依法治国to rule the country in accordance with law移风易俗to transform outmoded habit and custom以权谋私to abuse power for personal gains优生优育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care/ to improve prenatal and postnatal care有经济头脑的人commercially minded people/people with business sense跃上新台阶to reach a new high宰人rip-off政企分开to separate government functions from enterprise management支农惠农政策policies to support and benefit agriculture,rural areas and farmers治理三乱to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines,charges and levies治理整顿improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order中央the national leadership/the central Party and government authorities/the central government重点贫困县designated poverty-stricken counties重复建设to build redundant project/duplication of similar projects抓住经济建设这个中心to commit ourselves to the central task of economic development专业户specialized household自负盈亏to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss自留地individual farm plots/private plots of land走共同致富的道路take the road to common prosperity,遵纪守法observe discipline and aside by the law退居二线leave the leading post/retire from the leading post,吃皇粮to receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government。

新编英汉翻译教程

新编英汉翻译教程

4. The Criteria of Translation
语际的意义转换不能是任意的,它必须遵循一定 的规范,才能使翻译成为有意义的社会行为。翻 译的标准,就是语际意义转换的规范性制约条件。 刘宓庆: 1990 《现代翻译理论》
4.1 Tytler’s Translation Principles:
Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and second in terms of style.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
对该定义我们可以作如下理解: A, 再现原文信息,而不是保留原文的结构形式; B, 原文与译文之间是对等,而非同一关系; C, 对等是贴切,自然的; D, 意义是优先考虑的因素; E, 文体成分也很重要。 Equivalence : Formal Equivalence: 偏重于原语的表达形式 Dynamic Equivalence: 最贴近原语信息的自然对等。 Functional Equivalence: 译文的功能于原文的功能基本 一致。
1.
What is translation? (The Definition of Translation)
The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another(从一种语言转换成另一种语言); Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language(转换成 本族语或另一种语言)。 翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。

英汉笔译基础教程 第1章 翻译概述

英汉笔译基础教程   第1章 翻译概述
❖ 翻译具有一个核心的内涵,翻译总是因某种需要 而把一种语言转换为另一种语言的活动。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.1.2 翻译的分类
❖按翻译工具形式来分:
▪ 口译(interpreting) ▪ 笔译(translation) ▪ 手语翻译(sign language interpreting)
❖按翻译的方向来分:
▪ 外语译入母语,即译入(in-translation,如英译汉) ▪ 母语译入外语,即译出(out-translation,如汉译英)
1.2.1翻译标准的演变
❖奈达:
▪ “衡量翻译质量的标准,不仅仅在于所译的词语能否被 理解,句子是否合乎语法规范,而在于整个译文使读者 产生什么样的反应。”
❖莱斯:
▪ 应根据翻译文本的类型来确定翻译内容与形式,依据译 文是否在一定的翻译情境下实现了它的功能来判断译文 的优劣。
❖辜正坤:
▪ “翻译标准多元互补论”,具体的翻译标准应该而且必 然是多元的而非一元的。
❖ 雅各布森从符号学的角度来分:
▪ 语内翻译(intralingual translation) ▪ 语际翻译(interlingual translation) ▪ 符际翻译(intersemiotic translation)
❖ 诺德从译文功能来分:
▪ 工具型翻译(instrumental translation) ▪ 文献型翻译(documentary translation)
▪ 国际标准组织(ISO)所制定的《翻译项目-通用指南》 (ISO/TS 11669:2012)中,翻译被定义为“用书面语形 式把源语中的信息转变为目标语中的信息。”
1.1.1 翻译的定义
❖ 不同的时代,不同的视角,不同的翻译家和翻译 理论家对什么是翻译,很难有共同的看法,这也 说明翻译是个开放式定义。

新编英汉翻译教程第一章 ppt课件

新编英汉翻译教程第一章 ppt课件
2)Interlingual translation (语际翻译) The translation among different
languages. For example, translation from English to Chinese.
• Section 2 Types of translation
• First of all, a translation should let people know the meaning (or get the information) of the source language.
• However, translation is not a pure linguistic activity. It also involves other non-linguistic elements, especially cultural element. Therefore, some researchers define translation as in line 2, page 3.
• 奈达有关翻译的定义指明,翻译不仅是词 汇意义上的对等,还包括语义、风格和文 体的对等,翻译传达的信息既有表层词汇 信息,也有深层的文化信息。
• Source language to target language
• 源语言(译出语) 目标语(译入语)
• What is the aim of translation?
们是烹鸡专家!
• Questions: what are the criteria of translation? Or, what is a good translation?
• Section 3 criteria of translation • Basic requirements: Faithfulness

超详细-新编汉英翻译教程

超详细-新编汉英翻译教程

超详细-新编汉英翻译教程第一章绪论1.1 翻译的性质和分类1. 翻译的定义:Definition of translation翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。

翻译的本质是释义,是意义的转换。

2. 翻译的分类:Classification of translation按文本而言,分为文学翻译、科级翻译、应用文翻译就方式而言,分为全译、摘译、编译。

全译:全文照译,全译是翻译的最基本方式,它是翻译的基础。

摘译:根据特定目的的摘取、翻译原文中够表达一个完整意思的语言单位。

每个句子都有一定的语调,表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气。

在连续说话时,句子和句子中间有一个较大的停顿。

在书面上,句子的停顿处,要根据不同的语调分别用句号、问号火感叹号。

(定义来自《汉语大辞典》)从意义上讲,句子能够表示一个完整的意思从功能上讲,句子表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气从形态上讲,句末有句号、问号或感叹号为标志因此,句子是较为理想的翻译单位。

1.3 汉英翻译的标准Standards for C-ETranslationChinese translation standards1.严复的标准信:faithfulness 指准确的传达原文的内容,即信于读者和作者,不允许对原作有任何歪曲或篡改,译作不容许有任何遗漏和省略。

达:expressiveness 指译文使用标准汉语,即译文语言应通俗明白,不应模棱两可,晦涩难懂,不滥用陈词滥调,繁文缛句,也不应有粗枝大叶的错误雅:elegance 指译文的美学价值,它体现在修辞、文体、韵律、诗意和心理等五个方面2. 刘重德的标准信:faithfulness 信于原文内容to befaithful to the content of the original 达:expressiveness 具备原为一样的表现力to be as expressive as the original 切: closeness 尽可能的切近原文的风格to be as close to the original style as possible3.傅雷的标准神似(similarity in spirit)4.钱钟书的标准化境——出神入化(sublimation)Western translation standards(Alexander F Tytler)泰勒的西方翻译标准译文应该完全传达原文的思想 a translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the originalwork译文的风格和笔调应与原文一致the style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original 译文应像原文一样流畅 a translation should have all the ease of the original compositon5.张陪基的标准——对初学者For beginners忠实:faithfulness, 忠实于原作的内容和风格通顺:smoothness, 译文语言必须通俗易懂,符合规范本书的标准功能相似,语义相符,similarity in funciton and correspondence in meaning6. 语言的功能A, 信息功能:informative function =所指功能:referential function, 它是语言传达信息,影响他人认知的功能B. 表情功能: expressive function, 它是语言表达言者或作何,即言语始发者的思想感情的功能。

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翻译理论与实践Introduction of the course(高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲):1)培养目标(p1)2)课程描述(p25)笔译3)英语专业课程设置:专业技能;必修课;高年级4)教学要求:翻译(八级要求p10)Selection of texts:1) 孙致礼《新编英汉翻译教程》陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(“十五”规划教材)2)彭长江《英汉-汉英翻译教程》(修订本)3)自编练习与对照读物。

课程考核:平时课堂及作业占30%,期末占70%教学目的:旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质教学重点与难点:翻译的定义和性质教学方法:讲述与实例相结合参考书目:陈宏薇,《新编汉英翻译教程》;孙致礼,《新编英汉翻译教程》;彭长江,《英汉-汉英翻译教程》。

Topic 1 Definition and Nature of Translation教学目的:旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质教学重点与难点:翻译的定义和性质教学方法:讲述与实例相结合参考书目:孙致礼,《新编英汉翻译教程》;陈宏薇,《新编汉英翻译教程》;彭长江,《英汉-汉英翻译教程》教学时间:2 节1.What is “to translate”?The Oxford English Dictionary:“to turn from one language into another”“翻译是从一种语言转换成另一种语言”Taken literally, it can be given four meanings, according to concretecontexts:1. translating: → the process2.a translation:→ the translated text3. translation: → the abstract concept which encompasses boththe process of translating and the product of that process;4. translator or interpreter: → the person who does the work of translating or interpreting.The definition of translation is:1. Translation is a kind of cross-linguistic, cross- cultural and cross-social communication.翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。

2. Translation means the conversion of an expression from one language into another. To say it plainly, translation is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original…翻译指的是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言。

简单地说,它是用与原作不同的语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的一种艺术。

3. “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”所谓翻译,是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先在语义上,其次在文体上。

by Nida4. “Translation…serves as a means of communication, a transmitter of culture, a technique of language learning, and a source of personal pleasure.”“It has the special purpose of demonstrating the learner’s knowledge of foreign language.”“A Textbook of Translation” by Peter Newmark( 2001): Summarization:We may venture to define translation as follows:Translation is a communicative act between different languages and cultures achieved through selecting the nearest equivalent in the target language for message units in the source language.Examples:1.阴阳:the doctrine of Yin and Yang (transliteration)The term refers to the two opposite principles in nature, the former feminine and negative, the latter masculine and positive used in Chinese philosophy, medicine, etc.(paraphrasing or giving a note)2.客上天然居, 居然天上客(pun)He who visits Tian Ran Ju (the hotel or restaurant) is really a visitor in Heaven.2.She sells seashells on the seashore, the shells she sells aresea-shells. (tongue twister)她在海边卖海贝壳, 她卖的贝壳是海贝壳。

注意:Translation has its own complete system of basic theories, specific principles, and concrete techniques and skills.Our translation course attempts to outline briefly the knowledge and skills which underlie the practical abilities of the would-be translator or teacher.中国译协会长刘习良在“2006中国国际翻译产业论坛”作主旨发言时指出:“高水平的翻译专业人才和翻译专业师资队伍严重匮乏。

……在对翻译工作的认识上, 存在诸多误区。

比如,‘懂外语, 就能作翻译’这种错误观念还相当普遍。

其结果, 就是许多人能够和外国人对话, 却不能胜任翻译任务。

……外语与翻译之间固然关系密切, 但是, 外语与翻译毕竟是两门学科。

翻译是科学,又是艺术。

”例:It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.译1:当他站住并转身时,目光落在一个老年妇女的身上,她身材高,而且模样好,虽然时光使她变得干枯了。

译2:他站住了,转过身来,定睛一看,是个年迈的妇女,她身材高而且匀称;虽然受了时间的折磨而有点憔悴。

译3:他停住脚步,转过身来,目光落在一个年迈妇女身上。

她身材高挑,虽受岁月的磨难而憔悴,但风韵仍不减当年。

3.Nature of TranslationTranslation is a science, an art, a skill, a craft, an operation or a kind of communication.(Among them the first two may be the most influential andcontroversial, which evolve into two never-compromising schools in the field of translation.)★ If “translation” refers to a subject, namely, the study of translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science with its own rules, laws and principles for the translators to abide by;★ if it refers to some specific pieces of translation, then it is more like an art, with each piece manifesting its own charms and style in the creative hands of the translator;★ if it refers to a process, then we may regard it as a craft or skill. For unlike any branch of natural science, the process of translation has its peculiarity, and none of its rules and principles is universally applicable.Examples:1. The world hates changes, yet it is the only thing that has brought the progress.译1:这个世界恨变化, 然而它却是惟一带来进步的东西。

译2:世界不喜欢变化, 然而只有变化才能有进步。

2.美中不足.译1:America/ USA and China are both insufficient.(×)译2:It is far from being perfect.译3:It leaves something to be desired.译4:Much is still left to be desired.4.Scope of Translation1) intra-lingual translation (语内翻译);inter-lingual translation (语际翻译);2) oral interpretation, written translation and machine translation.3) translation of scientific materials, literary works, political essays and practical writings.4) full-text translation, abridged translation or adapted translation.5.Differences in Interpretation and Translation6.Assignments:1) Bilingual reading: “No Giant Skyscrapers” p.22) Preview “Criteria for Translation”3) Read the article on the history of translation第二周汉英翻译概述汉英翻译对译者素养的要求汉译英译者应具有的素养•深厚的语言功底•广博的文化知识•高度的责任感深厚的语言功底表现:对汉英两种语言正确的理解和熟练的运用能力关键因素:language sense/writing competenceLanguage sense: sense of grammar; sense of idiomaticness; sense of coherence语法意识:时态,语态,主谓一致;非谓语/谓语动词;名词单复数,冠词乃至拼写,大小写和标点符号原文:只见她一身珠光宝气,绰约宜人。

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