自然拼读的字母组合和常见规则详解(附精美图片和练习)-精选教育文档

自然拼读的字母组合和常见规则详解（附精美图片和练习）1.辅音字母1：2.辅音字母2:3.元音字母发短音1: a, e, i4.元音字母发短语2: o, u5.元音字母发长音1-a辅e, e辅e6.元音字母发长音2- i辅e,7.元音字母发长音3-o辅e8.元音字母发长音4-u辅e9.元音字母发长音5两元相遇110.元音字母发长音6两元相遇211.元音字母发长音7单元结尾112.辅音字母c13.辅音字母g14.辅音字母y15.辅音组合L系列16.辅音组合R系列17.辅音字母S系列18.辅音字母H系列19.辅音字母G系列20.辅音字母哑音系列c字母c后面接a，o，u的时候，c的发音与字母k发音相同，叫做“hard c sound”cat, cap, call, coat, cup当字母c后面接e，i，或y的时候，通常c的发音与字母s发音相同，叫做“soft c sound” city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice有时在e或i前面，c会发/sh/音ocean, racial, socialg字母g后面接a，o，u的时候，所发的音叫做“hard g sound” girl, gas, get, give, go当字母g后面接e，i，或y的时候，有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同，叫做“软g音” age, change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge特例：forget, give, girl中的g发hard soundy y在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes, you, yard, year, yelly在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音y在结尾，单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音，y在结尾，单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音y在单词或音节中间时，发短/i/音小测试：my, cry, fly, sky辅音字母组合辅音字母组合的发音很简单，就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了。

之所以要把它们单独列出来，一个重要的原因就是，每个辅音字母组合是作为一个整体来看待的，在划分音节的时候是不能把这些辅音字母组合分开的。

音节的划分对于一个单词的读音至关重要，我们所学的自然拼音法发音规律，其实都是针对单个音节的，对于多音节的单词来说，要先把单词划分为一个一个的音节，然后再对每个音节应用自然拼音法发音规律。

音节的划分规律在后面我们会讲述，目前只需要熟记这些字母组合，以备后用。

带有l的字母组合bl black, blame, bless, blue, blastcl --clock, class, clap, clue, closefl --flag, fly, flat, flash, flowergl --glass, glad, glide, glue, globepl --plate, plane, place, plus, plansl --sled, sleep, slow, slide, slim带有r的字母组合br --bridge, break, brave, brown, breadcr --crab, crack, crop, crown, creekdr --dress, drag, drink, drive, dropfr --frog, fresh, free, from, frontgr --grape, grade, grass, grin, gruntpr --press, pride, price, print, prooftr --truck, track, true, train, tree带有s的字母组合sc --scale, scar, score, scare, scuffsk --skate, skip, skill, skull, skinsm --smoke, smile, smog, smell, smearsn --snake, snap, snore, snow, snugsp --spoon, spin, spot, spell, sportst --stop, stack, stay, step, stillsw --swim, swell, swing, sweet, swifttw --twig, tweet, twist, twin, twine三字母组合shr --shrink, shred, shrill, shrimp, shrub spl --splash, split, splice, splint, splurge spr --spread, spring, spree, sprain, spray squ --square, squad, squirrel, squat, squeak str --string, strip, straw, stream, street thr --throw, three, throne, thrift, thrill在结尾的字母组合ck（只发一个/k/音） --duck, pack, quick, luck, rockld --cold, gold, held, mild, baldlk --milk, silk, elk, sulk, skulkmp --lamp, damp, champ, hump, dumpnch --inch, ranch, lunch, bench, crunchnd --hand, kind, bend, stand, mindng（这个音比较特别，是舌头抵住上颚后方所发出的鼻音） --ring, long, sing, wing, lungnk --sink, bank, trunk, pink, inknt --tent, ant, hunt, sent, mintsh --fish, rash, brush, wish, trashst --vest, last, test, list, lost复合字母构成的单音（Consonant Digraphs）简单的说，consonant digraph就是两个（或三个）辅音字母在一起只发一个音，通常指以下四种组合：ch（tch），sh，wh和th。

ch和sh的发音有点类似中文“吃”和“湿”发音的前半部分，比如下列例词：chair，check，shoe，shop。

wh的发音可能会比较令人混淆，不同的历史时期，不同地方的人wh的发音会有一些不同。

但现在在美式发音里，公认的说法是，一般来说wh与/w/发音相同，但在o前面发/h/音，比如when，what，whale，who，whole。

th的发音则需要一些记忆力了，在下面这些常用词里，th发浊音（舌尖在上下牙齿中间，声带需要振动，声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来）：they, them-, their, theirs, the, this, that, these, those, then-, than, though, thus, there-（注意，如果一个单词后面带有小横线，就是指以这个单词开始的所有单词，比如them-包括there，therefore，thereafter等）。

其它以th开始的单词基本上都发清音（舌尖在上下牙齿中间，声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来，但是声带不振动），比如think，thank，thirty等。

不发音的辅音字母（Silent Consonants）在有些辅音字母组合中，其中一个字母是不发音的，该组合所发的音与发音的那个辅音字母所发音相同。

下面列出了这些组合：gh h ghost, ghetto, ghastlygn g gnat, gnarl, gnaw, gnome, signkn k knife, knit, know, knock, kneemb b comb, lamb, thumb, dumb, climbpn p pneumoniaps p psalm, psychic, psychologyrh h rhinoceros, rhyme, rhythmsc c scissors, scent, scene, scenery, scenariowr w wrong, wrist, wrap, wretch, wrenchgh gh light, high, eight, sigh, night字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。

如;ea, ee字母组合的发[i:]音：tea, clean, team, eat, east, speak, please, each, easy, read, sea, teacher，need, cheese, wheel, feel, agree, green, week, thirteen, fourteen, three, deep, peep, weep, sleep, jeep, see, feet, street, teeth, meet, week部分ea字母组合发[e]：bread, heavy, breakfast, weather, head, headache, ready, deaf, oa,字母组合的发[u]音：road, boat, coat,ir字母组合的发[ə]音：girl, bird, thirsty, third, first, birthday, circle, sir, shirt, skirt, dirty, skirt, ar,组合字母发[ a:（a再s, ss前）也发[a:]：hard, card, park, art, car, are, dark, arm, farmer, market, party, large, star, argue，farclass, vase, glass, pass, last, past, task,, mast, vast, cast, fast等ow字母组合有时发[u]音：window, yellow, show, slow, sow, tow, bow, mow, 等。

ou, ow字母组合有时发[au]音mouth, about,, house, housework, south, how, now, town,等。

oo字母组合有时发发[u]音：hood ,头巾wool ,羊毛look ,good , foot, room, football, took, cook wood, book, goodbye,oo字母组合有时发[ u: ]food, moon, tool, toon, 红椿noon, pool, zoo, too, school, cool, toothear字母组合有时发[i ə]音：tear，dear，fear，gear，hear，near，shear，rear，sear ear字母组合有时和air一样发[ ]：bear, tear, wear, pear,oy字母组合发[ ɔi ]音: boy, toy, hoy赶牲畜的呼叫声, coy腼腆的, foy告别宴会, goy, 异教徒soy酱油；黄豆ay字母组合发[ ei]音: stay, say, day, gay快乐的, hay干草, lay设置4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读(Consonant Blends)Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)Words ending in ll, ss, ffConsonant digraphs (ch, tch, sh, th, wh, shr, squ, thr)5.特殊读法(1) - 固定读音的单词(Sight Word):the, a, is, to, have, are, hey, love 等.6. 特殊读法(2) –带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)air (hair), al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ar (car, far), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)ew (new), eigh (eight, weight), ed (stopped, added) er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt), or(horn), ie (field), ing, ind (behind), ild (mild, wild), igh (high, night, might), ire oi (oil, boil), old (old, cold), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, horn), ost (most, host), ou (could), ough (cough, through, ought, slough, plough), ould (would, could), oy (boy), ought, , ous (famous), ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow；读音二：bow, snow), ue (cruel), ui (fluid)tion (attention), sion (expression), ending sounds :ang, ong, ung, edge, le7. 特殊读法(3) –辅音的特殊读法有一些辅音不发音(silent consonants)．如：ghost, comb, lamb, write等"q" 总是和"u"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等.之所以指出这一点, 是在这里u不能再被认为是元音, 而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合. 于是, 在quite这个单词里只有两个元音, 是双元音单词, 第一个元音i发字母音, 第二个元音e不发音.复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)c和g 的两种读音: 如果i(或y)或者e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发”s”的音, g发”j”的音:center, cigar, gem, giant, gym，其他情况下c, g 发其字母音:can, clap, cup, great, glad.8. 多音节单词和复合词(Words with multiple syllables and compound words)多音节单词:believe, multiple, syllable, compound复合词:homework, highwayx x在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音box, next, mix, six, foxx在单词中间时有时发/gz/音exit, exam, exactx在单词起始位置时发/z/音xylophone, xerox自然拼音拼读练习表第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle undercape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinesebite five nine kite mine nice ride siderose nose rope note pose home rode thosetube cube June cute huge第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ueai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maiday:bay ray way say hay pay May layee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolley ie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fight high sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruitue:Sue blue glue true第三天:ar er ir ur orar: arm car armchair card cart farm park gardener:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker mother ir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouseow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison coiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolish oo:book cook good foot look hookea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wr mbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovelwh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisperph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teeth kn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr dr bl:blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hair fl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flowerpl:plane play plus planet platform plum plate plant cl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses gliderbr:bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brother cr:crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissant gr:gray green grass grapes ground grow grandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princess prayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frame tr:tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolleydr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drink第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew ysm:smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snacksl:slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweatsp:spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst:stockings store star stamp storm stick student standsc:scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoopsk:skunk skis skirt skatesall:call tall fall ball wallew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaperYy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby自然拼音强化练习：Tongue twister1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.2.A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.4.A fat cat catches a mad rat.5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun.6.Black background, brown background.7.A noisy noise annoys an oyster.8.A good cook can cook good cookies.9.At noon I took a good book，and sat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot.And put my foot in the pool.Oh! How cool, how cool.10.The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in house.11. Betty better butter Brad's bread.12.Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.13.The first is the first.The third is the third.The third can be the first, The first can be the third.14.Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first, but the third.15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!" So they flew through a flaw in the flue.16. I wish you were a fish in my dish.17.Jean's three sheep are near the green jeep.18.There are thirty -three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.20.It’s a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing a coat and writing a note.It’s a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear and combing its hair.It’s a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at a clock.It’s a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.。