1340078《专业英语》教学大纲

GDOU-B-11-213《专业英语》教学大纲课程简介教学内容生物技术的发展如新月异，目前国内的教材很少，而且内容也大多以科普性文单元组合而成，很难满足科技英语学习的需要。

考虑到学生英语水平和课时的安排，我们采用将教材与科技文献相结合的方式进行教学，以提高学生实际英语能力为目标。

具体方式为选择教材中的基础知识部分进行精读讲解，在教学过程中，不断地应用英语学习的基本技巧和教学方法；增加相应的专业文献，使学生适应科技论文阅读环境，提高学生的实际阅读能力。

修读专业：生物技术专业先修课程：生物化学、遗传学、微生物学、细胞生物学和分子生物学等。

教材：《生物技术专业英语》，胡汉桥，自编。

一、课程的性质与任务《生物技术专业英语》是针对生物技术工程专业学生在学完公共英语课后开设的一门选修课程。

生物技术已经发展成为了新的世界经济增长点，引起了世界各国普遍的关注；此外，随着全球一体化的趋势的发展以及科学技术国际交流活动的日趋频繁，这一切都对英语的学习提出了高的要求。

学好专业英语已经成为我们获取国际信息的一种重要的工具和手段。

《生物技术专业英语》课程的主要目的是通过学习与专业相关的英语知识后，能较熟练地阅读专业文献，为毕业论文（设计）或今后从事专业研究打下坚实的基础。

通过本课程的学习，同学们应该大致了解专业英语的文单元的结构、词汇、写作方法及其与公共英语的异同点。

掌握生物技术专业常用的英语词汇，能较顺利的阅读、理解和翻译有二、课程的基本要求精读的目的和要求：通过精读内容的学习使学生掌握科技英语的阅读技巧；科技英语词汇的一般构成法；掌握科技英语词汇的一般读音规律；了解科技英语写作的一般特点；英语翻译中的基本技法。

泛读的目的和要求：通过对泛读内容的学习，使学生能够主动应用所学的科技英语学习技巧阅读科技文献。

泛读强调阅读量大而泛，所以在阅读的同时，增强学生学习科技英语的信心也是重要的目的之一。

三、修读专业生物技术专业四、本课程与其它课程的联系本课程的先修课程有生物化学、微生物学、遗传学、细胞生物学和分子生物学，要求学生掌握生物体内的生化代谢途径；微生物的一些基本性质；遗传学基本原理的理解，并初步掌握遗学研究所必需的基本实验技术；细胞生物学中的各种细胞器的结构及功能及分子生物学中的基因的结构、复制、转录、翻译及基因的表达调控等过程。

这些课程为正确理解专业英语中相关资料打下基础。

五、教学内容安排、要求、学时分配及作业教学基本要求和主要环节1、理论教学学时数 30学时大纲内容Lesson 1 DNA CLONING: AN OVERVIEW（3）（1）教学目的和要求：了解基因克隆的定义、寄主、载体等概念，DNA文库筛选及克隆分析等。

（2）教学重点和难点：克隆的过程。

1．DNA cloning：DNA doning facilitates the isolation and manipulation of fragments of an organism's genome by replicating them independently as part of an autonomous vector.2. Hosts and vectors: Most of the routine manipulations involved in gene cloning use Escherichia coli as the host organism. Plasmids and bacteriophages may be used as cloning vectors in E. coli. Vectors based on plasmids, viruses and whole chromosomes have been used to carry foreign genes into other prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.3. Subcloning: Subcloning is the simple transfer of a cloned fragment of DNA from one vector to another; it serves to illustrate many of the routine techniques involved in gene cloning.(2)4. DNA libraries : DNA libraries, consisting of sets of random cloned fragments of either genomic or cDNA, each in a separate vector molecule, are used in the isolation of unknown genes.Screening libraries: Libraries are screened for the presence of a gene sequence by hybridization with a sequence derived from its protein product or a related gene, or through the screening of the protein products of the cloned fragments.5. Analysis of a clone: Once identified, a cloned gene may be analyzed by restriction mapping, and ultimately by DNA sequencing, before being used in any of the diverse applications of DNA cloning.(2)Lesson 2 PREPARATION OF PLASMID DNA（3）（1）教学目的和要求：要求掌握质粒提取的过程及原理。

（2）教学重点和难点：质粒提取的原理。

1. Plasmids as vectors: Bacterial plasmids, small circular DNA molecules which replicate independently of the host genome and encode antibiotic resistance, are the commonest vectors for carrying cloned DNA.2. Plasmid minipreparation: A plasmid may be obtained on a small scale for analysis by isolation from a few milliliters of culture, a process known as a minipreparation or miniprep.3. Alkaline lysis: An alkaline solution of SDS lyses E coli cells and denatures protein and DNA. Neutralization precipitates the chromosomal DNA and most of the protein, leaving plasmid DNA and RNA in solution.4. Phenol extraction: Extraction with phenol or a phenol-chloroform mixture removes any remaining protein from an alkaline lysate.5. Ethanol precipitation: Nucleic acid may be precipitated from solution by the addition of sodium acetate and ethanol, followed by centrifugation. The method is used to concentrate the sample.Cesium chloride gradient: A CsC1 gradient can be used as part of a large-scale plasmid preparation to purify supercoiled plasmid DNA away from protein, RNA and linear or nicked DNA.Lesson3 RESTRICTION ENZYMES AND ELECTROPHORESIS（4）（1）教学目的和要求：要求掌握限制性内切酶、识别序列、酶切末端、片段的分离等。

（2）教学重点和难点：限制性内切酶及其酶切。

Restriction endonucleases: Restriction endonucleases are bacterial enzymes which cut (hydrolyze) DNA into defined and reproducible fragments. In bacteria, they form part of the restriction-modification defense mechanism against foreign DNA. They are the basic tools of gene cloning.Recognition sequence: Restriction enzymes cleave DNA symmetrically in both strands at short palindromic (symmetrical) recognition sequences to leave a 5'-phosphate and a 3'-OH. They leave blunt ends, or protruding 5'- or 3'-termini.Cohesive ends:Restriction enzyme products with single-stranded termini are said to have cohesive or 'sticky' ends, since they can anneal by base pairing to any other fragment with a complementary terminus. Restriction digests: Commercially supplied enzymes are used to digest plasmid DNA before analysis or purification of the fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis.Agarose gel electrophoresis: Agarose gels separate linear DNA on the basis of size, by the migration of DNA through a matrix under the influence of an electric field.Electrophoresis may be used to determine the gross organization of plasmid molecules.Isolation of fragment: Specific DNA fragments may be cut out of agarose gels and purified for use in subsequent cloning experiments.Lesson 4 LIGATION, TRANSFORMA TION AND ANAL YSIS OF RECOMBINANTS （4）（1）教学目的和要求：要求掌握DNA的连接、重组DNA转化及筛选。