郑和下西洋【英文】

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郑和下西洋

Before you read
Look at the title and the first sentence of each paragraph of the article on page 3. Then answer the questions below.
A famous Chinese explorer. In Yunnan. From 1405 to 1433.
discovery
rise
rose
foreign go on a trip development
Vocabulary
C2 Complete the conversation below with the words from the box.
Comprehension
D1 What do the italicized words in the following sentences refer to? Read the article on page 3 to find the answers.
Think and say
Do you know any great explorers in history?
Zheng He
Zheng He’s voyages down the Western Seas
Marco Polo
Marco Polo’s voyage in China
Zhang Qian
Look at the title and the first sentence of each paragraph of the article on page 3. Then answer the questions below.

郑和下西洋

温家宝总理说：第十一个五年规划时期是全面建设小康社会的关键时期。综合分析各种因素，未来五年国际环境总体上对我国发展有利，但不稳定不确定因素比较多；国内有许多有利条件，同时存在不少制约因素和困难。我们要抓住机遇，趋利避害，增强忧患意识，做好克服各种困温总理在十届全国人难、应对各种风险和挑战的充分准备，奋大四次会议上作《十力把改革开放和现代化事业推向前进。
Zheng he’s voyages to the western seas
郑和下西洋（七次）哥伦布航海（四次）首航时间船只数量 1405年(7月11日) 最多200多艘 1492年 3—17艘
船只大小
随行人员线路
宝船载重量约1500 吨多达27800人左右
百十来吨
121——1000多人
4.Spreading Chinese culture, enlightenment alien 5.Search for missing where the emperor......
He (zheng he) is more like a goodwill ambassador, not fleet commander, or a caravan boss.
一五规划》报告
Thank You
The purpose of zheng he's voyage.
1.Publicize the national prestige
2.Strengthen diplomatic ties with overseas countries
3.Development overseas trade, exchange for overseas treasures

郑和下西洋_英文介绍

They took silk, porcelain, and copper coins to trade for spices, gems, fragrant woods, animals, textiles, and minerals.
Throughout each voyage, detailed maps were made, information gathered on the climate and cultures encountered, and plant and animal specimens were collected.
The ships used maps, star charts, and compasses to navigate the open seas. It is the first fleet in history to not hug the coast as a means of guidance.
Emperor Zhu Di died shortly after thisspend the voyages during his brief reign.
The seventh voyage, 1430-1433, revisited Champa, Java, Sumatra, Malacca, Ceylon, Calicut, and Hormuz.
In Hormuz, Zheng He split his fleet. Part of it continued on to Aden and then the Red Sea port of Jiddah. From Jiddah, a delegation traveled to Mecca. Another part sailed down the east coast of Africa. The remainder returned to China. On the way, Zheng He died and was buried at sea.

【K12教育学习资料】[学习]九年级英语下册 Unit 5 China and the World

英文拓展阅读：郑和下西洋的故事英文：A Treasure Ship CaptainEarly in the 15th century, a huge fleet of ships set sail from Nanjing. It was the first of a series of voyages that would, for a brief period, establish China as the leading power of the age. The voyage was led by Zheng He, the most important Chinese adventurer of all time and one of the greatest sailors the world has ever known. In fact, some people think he was the original model for the legendary Sinbad the Sailor.In 1371, Zheng He was born in what is now Yunnan Province to Muslim parents, who named him Ma Sanpao. When he was 11 years old, invading Ming armies captured Ma and took him to Nanjing. There he was castrated and made to serve as a eunuch in the imperial household.Ma befriended a prince there who later became the Yong Le Emperor, one of the Ming Dynasty's most distinguished. Brave, strong, intelligent and totally loyal, Ma won the trust of the prince who, after ascending the throne, gave him a new name and made him Grand Imperial Eunuch.Yong Le was an ambitious emperor who believed that China's greatness would be increased with an "open-door" policy regarding international trade and diplomacy. In 1405, he ordered Chinese ships to sail to the Indian Ocean, and put Zheng He in charge of the voyage. Zheng went on to lead seven expeditions in 28 years, visiting more than 40 countries.Zheng's fleet had more than 300 ships and 30,000 sailors. The largest vessels, 133-meter-long "treasure ships", had up to nine masts and could carry a thousandpeople. Along with a Han and Muslim crew, Zheng opened up trade routes in Africa, India, and Southeast Asia.The voyages helped expand foreign interest in Chinese goods such as silk and porcelain. In addition, Zheng He brought exotic foreign items back to China, including the first giraffe ever seen there. At the same time, the fleet's obvious strength meant that the Emperor of China commanded respect and inspired fear all over Asia.While Zheng He's main aim was to show the superiority of Ming China, he often got involved in the local politics of places he visited. In Ceylon, for instance, he helped restore the legitimate ruler to the throne. On the island of Sumatra, now part of Indonesia, he defeated the army of a dangerous pirate and took him to China for execution.Though Zheng He died in 1433 and was probably buried at sea, a grave and small monument to him still exist in Jiangsu Province. Three years after Zheng He's death, a new emperor banned the construction of oceangoing ships, and China's brief era of naval expansion was over. Chinese policy turned inward, leaving the seas clear for the rising nations of Europe.Opinions vary on why this happened. Whatever the reason, conservative forces gained the upper hand, and China's potential for world domination was not realized. Records of Zheng He's incredible voyages were burned. Not until the early 20th century did another fleet of comparable size take to the seas.中文：15世纪初，一支浩浩荡荡的船队从南京启航。

郑和下西洋英语作文故事英语作文80词

郑和下西洋英语作文故事英语作文80词全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Zheng He's Amazing Adventures at Sea!Hi, my name is Lily and I'm going to tell you all about the awesome adventures of Zheng He! He was a famous Chinese explorer who went on incredible voyages across the seas a long time ago. Get ready for an exciting tale of brave explorers, giant ships, and far-off lands!It all started in the early 1400s when Zheng He was picked by the Emperor to lead a huge fleet of ships to explore the western oceans. Zheng He had been born into a Muslim family but was captured as a young boy and went to work for the Emperor. Despite his tough start in life, he grew up to be a wise, respected leader.For his first big voyage, Zheng He was put in charge of an enormous fleet of 62 giant ships! These wooden ships were called "treasure ships" and they were absolutely massive - some were over 400 feet long! That's way bigger than a football field. The largest ships had crews of over 500 sailors, not to mentiontradesmen, interpreters, soldiers and even horses on board. It was like a floating city!Zheng He's first voyage in 1405 was mind-blowing. Imagine setting sail on a journey into the total unknown! His fleet headed west from China, first stopping in Vietnam and then continuing across the Indian Ocean. They visited lands and islands that most Chinese people had never even heard of before. After months at sea, they reached the island of Sumatra, and then continued on to India, the island nation of Sri Lanka, and even the Arabian peninsula. Everywhere they went, Zheng He traded for precious goods like spices, gems, and exotic animals. The Chinese Emperor was thrilled with all the amazing things they brought back.Over the next 28 years, Zheng He led six more incredible voyages across the Indian Ocean all the way to the east coast of Africa. His giant fleet visited over 30 countries and islands along the way. On one journey, they even rescued the deposed King of Sri Lanka and helped get him back on the throne! Zheng He was treated like a hero wherever his ships went.Life on board Zheng He's treasure ships must have been a wild adventure. Just imagine spending months and months at sea, crossing unknown waters and oceans bigger than you couldever picture. The sailors had to deal with powerful storms, pirates, and the dangers of rocky shores and uncharted islands. Sometimes they met indigenous islanders who had never seen ships or people like the Chinese before! You can bet there were lots of language barriers and misunderstandings on those voyages.After over two decades of daring exploration, Zheng He's last voyage came to an end in 1433 when he was 60 years old. By this time, the famous explorer had traveled over 25,000 miles and introduced Chinese culture and goods to lands stretching from southeast Asia all the way to the east coast of Africa. No other explorer in the world had journeyed across so many oceans and seas at that time. Not even the European explorers would discover the New World for another 60 years!Isn't Zheng He's story simply amazing? This ordinary man from a small town went on to command huge fleets and journey farther than almost anyone else in history up to that point. His treasure ships opened the door for China to connect and trade with civilizations across the Indian Ocean long before the European explorers set sail.We may never know all the incredible details about Zheng He's adventures, but we do know this: By bravely setting out intounknown waters, China's most famous explorer shared his rich culture with the world and brought amazing treasures from across the seas back home. Now that's what I call an epic voyage!篇2Zheng He's Amazing Voyages to the Western OceanMy name is Li Ming and I'm going to tell you all about the incredible voyages of the great explorer Zheng He! He was from China and lived a long time ago during the Ming Dynasty. The emperor at the time was Zhu Di and he really liked Zheng He, so he put him in charge of these huge voyages to explore the Western Ocean.Zheng He was born in 1371 in the Yunnan province of China. When he was just a young boy, he was captured and became a servant in the court of Zhu Di, who was a prince at that time. Zhu Di must have seen how smart and capable Zheng He was because when he became emperor in 1403, he appointed Zheng He as the admiral of his huge fleet of ships!The ships that Zheng He commanded were just enormous! The largest ones were called "treasure ships" and they were over 400 feet long. That's almost as long as a football field! And get this - the treasure ships had nine masts and could carry over27,000 men. The whole fleet had over 300 ships total. It must have been an amazing sight when all those ships set sail together.So why were they called treasure ships? Well, they were loaded down with incredible treasures and gifts from China to present to the rulers of the lands they would visit. Things like exquisite silk robes, intricate porcelain vases, bolts of silk, and golden utensils. The idea was to awe the foreign leaders with the amazing wealth and power of the Chinese empire. Very clever!Zheng He and his massive fleet embarked on a total of seven epic voyages between 1405 and 1433. Their travels took them all across the Indian Ocean, down the east coast of Africa, through the Persian Gulf, and even across the Red Sea! Just try to imagine what an adventure that must have been over 600 years ago.On their travels, Zheng He's fleet visited over 30 countries and islands. Everywhere they went, they traded goods, studied maps and charts, collected samples of plants and animals, and impressed the local people with their might and majesty. Some places they visited included Java, Sumatra, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Arabia, and East Africa. How cool is that?Not only was Zheng He an explorer, he was also a diplomat. He developed positive relationships and alliances with the manyrulers and leaders he met on his journeys. He showed off China's advanced culture and technology. And he projected China's power and influence across the known world at that time. Zheng He was kind of like an ambassador for China back then.I'll bet you're wondering how Zheng He was able to navigate across such huge oceans all those centuries ago before modern maps and technology. Well, he had some amazing navigational tools and methods! His navigators relied on the stars, amazing nautical maps and charts, compasses, and special tools to measure latitudes. So high-tech for that era!On one of his later voyages, Zheng He's fleet even brought back giraffes from East Africa as a gift for the emperor. Can you imagine how surprised and delighted people in China must have been to see those tall, exotic creatures for the first time? The voyages brought back so many amazing plants, animals, and treasures that China had never seen before.Sadly, after his seventh and final voyage in 1433, the emperor passed away and China turned inward, ignoring the great potential for exploration and trade that Zheng He had unlocked. His achievements were largely forgotten until recent centuries. But now we can fully appreciate what an incredible mariner and adventurer Zheng He truly was.Zheng He's daring voyages across the Indian Ocean demonstrated China's impressive naval abilities centuries before European explorers like Columbus, Magellan and others. His massive fleet projected Chinese power, wealth and culture to lands that had never interacted with China before. And his diplomatic efforts fostered important relationships that endured for years.To me, Zheng He is one of the great unsung heroes of exploration from history. His seven voyages opened up new sea routes for trade and showed the world just how advanced and powerful China was during the Ming Dynasty. I'll never forget learning about this brave, visionary explorer and hismind-blowing adventures sailing to the Western Ocean!篇3Zheng He's Amazing VoyagesMy name is Xiao Ming and I'm going to tell you about one of the greatest explorers in Chinese history - Zheng He! He led huge fleets on incredible voyages across the seas over 600 years ago.Zheng He was born in 1371 in Yunnan province. When he was just a young boy, he was captured and taken to serve in thecourt of the great Yongle Emperor in Nanjing. The Emperor valued Zheng He's intelligence and made him the grand admiral of his treasure ship fleets.Between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He led seven epic voyages across the Indian Ocean, reaching as far as the east coast of Africa! His fleets were made up of massive "treasure ships" up to 500 feet long - way bigger than anything Europeans had at that time. There were hundreds of ships carrying over 27,000 men on each voyage!Can you imagine sailing across vast oceans in those old wooden ships powered only by the wind? It must have been both terrifying and thrilling! Zheng He's sailors had to be brave and resourceful to handle storms, sea monsters, and pirates. They traveled through uncharted waters using ancient maps, stars, and their keen sense of direction.On his first voyage in 1405, Zheng He visited Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and India. His fleets traded for precious goods like spices, gems, and exotic animals. They marveled at the different lands and people they encountered. Zheng He tried to make friends and open trade with the places he visited, not conquer them through violence.His later voyages took him across the Indian Ocean to Sri Lanka, the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, and down the coast of East Africa all the way to present-day Kenya and Somalia. Just incredible! Can you picture his huge treasure ships sailing along those ancient shores, astonishing the local people?Zheng He brought back amazing treasures for the Emperor - everything from zebras and giraffes to incredible jewels and rare herbs. But more importantly, he opened China's eyes to the wider world beyond its borders. He mapped new sea routes, formed alliances, and spread Chinese culture far and wide. Zheng He was a true ambassador of peace and friendship.After returning from his last voyage in 1433, the great explorer settled down to write memoirs about his adventures. He lived out his final years as a respected advisor and retired old salt. Sadly, later Emperors lost interest in ocean exploration and Zheng He's achievements were nearly forgotten for centuries.Today, statues of Zheng He stand tall in cities across Asia and Africa, honoring the memory of this pioneering voyager. His remarkable journeys showed the height of Chinese shipbuilding and navigation centuries before Europeans started exploring the world's oceans. Zheng He was way ahead of his time!I dream of one day following in Zheng He's wake across the high seas to see all the amazing places he visited. Until then, I'll keep studying his voyages and imagining the wonders he saw. Who knows, maybe I'll get to lead my own treasure fleet when I grow up! Just call me Admiral Xiao Ming!篇4Zheng He's Amazing Voyages to the Western OceanHi, my name is Lily and I'm going to tell you all about the incredible voyages of Zheng He to the Western Ocean! Zheng He was a famous Chinese explorer who lived a long time ago during the Ming Dynasty. He led not one, not two, but SEVEN epic voyages across the seas between 1405 and 1433. Can you imagine?!Zheng He was born in 1371 in Yunnan province in southwest China. When he was just a young boy, he was captured and became a servant in the palace of the Prince of Yan. The Prince ended up becoming the Yongle Emperor and took a liking to Zheng He because of his intelligence and capabilities. Zheng He rose up through the ranks to become a trusted advisor and admiral in the Emperor's fleet.In 1405, the Yongle Emperor decided to send Zheng He on the first of his amazing voyages to the "Western Ocean" which back then referred to the seas west of China. Why did he do this? Well, the Emperor wanted to spread Chinese culture and power, collect tribute from other lands, and expand trade routes. Pretty cool mission if you ask me!Zheng He's first voyage in 1405 was mind-blowing! He led a massive fleet of 62 ships carrying almost 28,000 men. Their ships were called "treasure ships" because they were absolutely gigantic - some up to 400 feet long! That's way bigger than football fields. My dad says even modern cruise ships aren't that enormous. The treasure ships carried everything from sailors and soldiers to translators, doctors, craftsmen and tradesmen. They were like floating cities!On this first voyage, Zheng He and his fleet sailed from China down to the island of Java in modern-day Indonesia. Then they continued west across the Indian Ocean, making stops in places like Sumatra, Sri Lanka, and all the way to the coastal cities of Calicut and Cochin in India. Everywhere they went, they showed off the wealth and advanced culture of the Ming Dynasty. Local rulers showered Zheng He's fleet with tribute gifts like precious gems, exotic fruits, and even giraffes! How cool is that?Zheng He and his crews brought back treasures and insights about the world beyond China's borders. They expanded trade routes, made diplomatic connections, and gained a ton of new geographic knowledge. The Yongle Emperor was so impressed that he quickly ordered Zheng He to lead SIX more voyages over the next 28 years!On later voyages, Zheng He's fleets sailed farther than any Chinese mariners had gone before. They went all the way down the east coast of Africa, hitting places like Somalia and Kenya. Some historians even think they may have traveled around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa - though we can't say for certain. Zheng He's fleet exposed the Chinese to diverse cultures, people, plants and animals they had never seen before.I have to tell you about one of the wildest stories from Zheng He's voyages. Are you ready? On his fifth voyage in 1417, Zheng He arrived in the Seaman Islands which were ruled by a ferocious old Queen named Mashiki. Now get this - the stories say that Mashiki had been a widow for over forty years! To prove her power, she liked to throw HUGE parties and demand that she be presented with two young virgins every year. Isn't that crazy?!Well, when Zheng He met the old Queen, she asked him to satisfy her demand by finding her two virgins. But Zheng He was having none of that! He was a strong man of honor and told Mashiki that her tradition was disgraceful. In a rage, the Queen ordered her warriors to attack Zheng He's fleet! A massive sea battle erupted with cannons blazing and arrows flying everywhere. Using his skills as a brilliant military strategist, Zheng He outmaneuvered Mashiki's forces and sent them packing. From then on, the old Queen was nicknamed "The Wife of Bengal" as an insult. I bet she wasn't too happy about that!After his seven mind-boggling voyages over nearly 30 years, Zheng He finally returned to China in 1433 when he was 62 years old. He had visited over 30 different countries and territories, interacting with leaders and people from Africa to Southeast Asia to the Middle East. Zheng He's fleets projected Chinese wealth, technology and presence across the Indian Ocean like nothing before. It was an era of groundbreaking Chinese maritime exploration.Sadly, shortly after Zheng He's return, the new Emperor banned any further voyages out of fear of external influences on China. Zheng He spent his final years teaching navigation before passing away around 1435 at the ripe old age of 63 or 64. But hislegacy lived on as one of the greatest explorers and diplomats in Chinese history.Thanks to his epic seven voyages, the world got its first prolonged look at the advanced culture and power of Ming Dynasty China. Zheng He's gigantic treasure ship fleets projected Chinese might and influence farther across the seas than European explorers would for decades afterward. They collected tributefrom foreign rulers, gathered valuable篇5Zheng He's Amazing Adventures Across the SeasHi there! My name is Lily and I'm going to tell you all about the incredible adventures of Zheng He, a famous Chinese explorer from a long time ago. Get ready for an exciting story filled with daring voyages, strange new lands, and lots of cool treasures!It all started in the early 1400s when Zheng He worked for the Emperor of China. Even though Zheng He was a Muslim, the Emperor really liked him and made him the leader of a huge fleet of ships called "treasure ships." These boats were massive, way bigger than anything you've ever seen! We're talking over 400feet long and 180 feet wide. That's like 4 NBA basketball courts put together!The Emperor gave Zheng He an important mission - to journey across the seas and oceans to far away countries. His goals were to show off China's wealth and power, collect exotic goods to bring back home, and make allies with foreign kings and rulers. So in 1405, Zheng He and his crew of over 27,000 sailors set sail in their gigantic treasure fleet.Can you imagine being a little kid back then and watching those humongous ships leaving the port? Their bright red sails must have looked so majestic out on the open waters. I would have been totally awestruck!Zheng He's first stop was the island nations near the Indian Ocean like Java and Sumatra. He traded silk, porcelain, and other Chinese goods for spices, ivory, and precious jewels from those lands. Apparently the people were amazed by the size of the Chinese ships and showered them with gifts.But that was just the beginning! Over the next 28 years, Zheng He led his fleet on a total of 7 major voyages all across the Indian Ocean. They visited lands like Sri Lanka, Arabia, and the east coast of Africa. Zheng He even made it all the way to thecoastal areas of Kenya and Somalia - wayyyy farther than any Chinese explorer had ventured before!Everywhere he went, Zheng He tried to make friends and learn about the local cultures. He exchanged goods, mapped out coastal waters, and shared information about China. Some people welcomed him warmly while others were scared of his massive fleet at first. But Zheng He always found a way to establish good relationships through respect and gift-giving.One of the coolest parts of the story is the rare and fantastic animals Zheng He brought back from his travels. He collected all sorts of crazy creatures like elephants, zebras, camels, giraffes, ostriches, and even a few pygmy elephants! Can you picture those exotic animals being paraded through the streets of China? People must have gone totally nuts seeing them.Zheng He's adventures finally ended in 1433 after his 7th and final voyage. By then, he had explored more of the world than any other Chinese explorer in history. His massive fleets projected China's power and wealth across the Indian Ocean region like nothing before.Although Zheng He was gone, stories of his epic voyages spread across Asia and into the Middle East, Africa, and even parts of Europe over time. People were simply amazed that thesecolossal Chinese ships had appeared clear across the other side of the world! Zheng He's daring spirit of exploration, diplomacy, and respect for other cultures made him a legendary figure.Well, that's the tale of the great Zheng He and his voyages to the Western Oceans. Pretty amazing, right? A Muslim sailor leading massive Chinese treasure fleets on incredible adventures to distant lands, returning with riches and rare animals. It's the stuff movies are made of!I don't know about you, but hearing stories like this makes me want to go on my own high seas adventure someday. Though maybe on a slightly smaller boat than Zheng He's gigantic treasure ships! An epic journey out on the open waters, seeing new sights, and making friends along the way sounds like the ultimate childhood dream to me. Who's ready to become an explorer??篇6Zheng He's Amazing Voyages Across the SeasMy name is Xiao Ming and I'm going to tell you all about the incredible voyages of the great explorer Zheng He! He was a Muslim from China who led huge fleets of ships across theoceans in the early 1400s. His stories sound like something out of an adventure book!Zheng He was born in 1371 in Yunnan province. When he was just a young boy, he was captured and made a servant in the court of the Prince of Yan. The Prince really liked Zheng He and had him go through an operation to become a eunuch so he could work in the palace.In 1403, the Prince became the Emperor of China and was called the Yongle Emperor. He put Zheng He in charge of building a huge fleet of ships called "treasure ships." Some of these ships were longer than a football field! They had crews of hundreds of sailors and even had navigators, explorers, mapmakers, sailors, and soldiers on board.Between 1405 and 1433, the Emperor sent Zheng He to lead seven amazing voyages across the seas. His fleets sailed through the Indian Ocean, around the coast of Arabia, down the east coast of Africa, and even maybe all the way to Australia! Wherever he went, Zheng He traded for rare goods like spices, jewels, pottery, and cloth. He showed off the power and wealth of the Chinese empire.On his voyages, Zheng He had to deal with pirates, harsh weather, and difficult ocean currents. His ships got caught inhuge storms that scattered his fleet. Once his ships got attacked by a infamous pirate named Chen Zuyi near Sumatra. But Zheng He outsmarted the pirates using brilliant tactics.Zheng He's fleets marveled at the different cultures they encountered, like the people of Calicut in India who wore white robes and turbans. He gave gifts of silk, porcelain, and other treasures to the kings and rulers of the lands he visited. In return, they gave Zheng He exotic animals like giraffes and zebras that no one in China had ever seen before!After his seventh and final voyage in 1433, Zheng He returned to China an old and weary man. But his incredible journeys showed that Chinese ships could travel all around the globe. They mapped territories from Southeast Asia all the way to the east coast of Africa. The tales of his daring adventures sparked curiosity and fascination about the outside world.Zheng He was one of the first great explorers, making voyages across the oceans on huge "treasure ships" over 80 years before Columbus sailed to America! His remarkable travels united the trade routes between Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa. Zheng He's seven epic voyages were some of the most daring and important journeys in all of world history!。

郑和下西洋【英文】

Bartቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱlomeu Dias 1451-1500
Vasco da Gama 1469-1524 Portuguese Sailor
The route followed in Vasco da Gama's first voyage (1497–1499)
European Exploration, 1420–1542 Portuguese and Spanish explorers showed the possibility and practicality of intercontinental maritime trade. Before 1540 European trade with Africa and Asia was much more important than that with the Americas, but after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires transatlantic trade began to increase. Notice the Tordesillas line, which in theory separated the Spanish and Portuguese spheres of activity.
Elmina Castle Erected in 1482 by the Portuguese in Ghana
Portuguese Port in Muscat erected in the 1580s
Fort Jesus, Mombasa Still standing on the Kenyan coast today, Fort Jesus was built by the Portuguese in 1593. The fort was built not only to protect Portuguese trade interests in the Indian Ocean, but also to assert the Christian conquest of the Swahili speaking Muslims of Mombasa. The Swahili word for a jail, gereza, derives from the Portuguese word for a church, igreja, indicating how the residents of Mombasa themselves saw Fort Jesus.

部编版2020九年级英语下册 Unit 5 China and the World Topic 2 英文拓展阅读：郑和下西洋的故事素材

郑和下西洋的意义英文作文

郑和下西洋的意义英文作文（中英文实用版）The journey of Zheng He's Treasure Voyages to the Western Seas holds profound significance in the annals of history. Not only did it exemplify the might and grandeur of the Ming Dynasty, but it also underscores the importance of maritime trade and cultural exchange in shaping the course of international relations.郑和下西洋的宝船之旅在历史长河中占有举足轻重的地位。

它不仅展示了明朝的强大与辉煌，也凸显了海洋贸易与文化交融在塑造国际关系过程中的重要性。

The7 expeditions led by Zheng He, from 1405 to 1433, covered vast distances, reaching as far as Southeast Asia, South Asia, and even the coast of East Africa. These voyages were a testament to China's advanced shipbuilding and navigational skills, surprising the world with the scale and ambition of the journeys.从1405年至1433年，郑和领导的七次远航，航程遥远，最远抵达东南亚、南亚，甚至东非沿岸。

这些航行见证了我国先进的造船和航海技术，其规模和雄心给世界带来了震撼。

Moreover, the Treasure Voyages were not merely about showcasing Chinese power; they were missions of peace and diplomacy. Zheng He's fleet didn't conquer or colonize; instead, they traded, shared knowledge, and fostered diplomatic relations, leaving a legacy of cultural interaction that endures to this day.而且，郑和下西洋的宝船之旅不仅仅是展示中国的力量；它们是和平与外交的使命。

郑和下西洋的意义英语作文

郑和下西洋的意义英语作文The Significance of Zheng He's Voyages to the WestZheng He was a Chinese admiral and explorer who led a series of voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa during the early 15th century. These voyages, known as the "Voyages of Zheng He," wereundertaken under the order of the Yongle Emperor of theMing Dynasty and had a significant impact on China'sforeign relations and global trade.One of the primary significances of Zheng He's voyages was the expansion of China's diplomatic and economic influence. Through these voyages, China established contact with numerous foreign countries and kingdoms, fosteringtrade relationships and cultural exchanges. The MingDynasty's fleet, led by Zheng He, visited over 30 countries and regions, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, the Middle East, and the east coast of Africa. This allowed China to assert its dominance as a globalpower and expand its commercial reach.Additionally, Zheng He's voyages played a crucial rolein the development of China's naval capabilities. The fleet that Zheng He commanded was the largest maritime force in the world at the time, with some of the ships measuring over 400 feet in length. The construction and operation of these massive ships required advanced shipbuilding techniques, navigation skills, and logistical coordination. The knowledge and expertise gained from these voyages helped to strengthen China's maritime power and laid the foundation for future naval expeditions.Furthermore, Zheng He's voyages had a significant cultural impact, as they facilitated the exchange of ideas, technologies, and cultural practices between China and the countries it visited. The fleet carried not only goods and diplomatic envoys but also scholars, artisans, andreligious figures, who shared Chinese culture and learned from the cultures they encountered. This exchange of knowledge and ideas contributed to the cultural enrichment of both China and the visited regions.However, it is important to note that the significanceof Zheng He's voyages has been the subject of ongoingdebate among historians. Some scholars argue that the voyages were primarily motivated by the Ming Dynasty's desire to assert its political and economic dominance, rather than a genuine interest in cultural exchange or exploration. Additionally, the abrupt end of the voyages after the Yongle Emperor's death has led to speculation about the reasons behind this decision, with somehistorians suggesting that the Ming Dynasty's isolationist policies may have contributed to the discontinuation of the voyages.Overall, Zheng He's voyages to the West had a profound impact on China's foreign relations, naval capabilities, and cultural exchange. They demonstrated China's technological and economic prowess, and their legacy continues to be studied and debated by historians and scholars.中文翻译:郑和下西洋的意义郑和是一位中国的水师提督和探险家,他在明朝永乐皇帝的命令下,于15世纪初期领导了一系列前往东南亚、南亚、中东和东非的航海之旅。

郑和七下西洋作文英语

郑和七下西洋作文英语Title: Zheng He's Seven Voyages to the West。

In the early 15th century, during the Ming Dynasty, the Chinese admiral Zheng He embarked on a series of seven maritime expeditions known as the Treasure Voyages. These voyages, which took place between 1405 and 1433, were remarkable feats of exploration and diplomacy, demonstrating China's naval power and influence in the Indian Ocean region. Zheng He's expeditions have left a lasting legacy on global history and are still studied and celebrated today.Firstly, it's crucial to understand the background of Zheng He's voyages. During the Ming Dynasty, China was under the rule of the Yongle Emperor, who was eager to assert China's dominance in the region and establish diplomatic relations with neighboring states. Zheng He, a eunuch admiral and trusted confidant of the emperor, was appointed to lead these ambitious expeditions. The primaryobjectives of the voyages were to showcase China's naval prowess, establish diplomatic ties, and expand trade networks.Zheng He's fleet was a marvel of its time, consisting of massive treasure ships, some reportedly as long as 400 feet. These ships were much larger than any other vessels of the era and were capable of carrying vast quantities of goods and supplies. Accompanying the treasure ships were hundreds of smaller vessels, including warships, supply ships, and even floating gardens to provide fresh produce for the crew.The first voyage, which set sail in 1405, took Zheng He and his fleet to various ports in Southeast Asia, India, and the Arabian Peninsula. Along the way, Zheng He distributed gifts from the Yongle Emperor, such as silk, porcelain, and other luxury goods, as a gesture of goodwill and to demonstrate China's wealth and power. In return, foreign rulers often presented valuable treasures and exotic goods to the Chinese delegation.One of the most significant achievements of Zheng He's voyages was the establishment of diplomatic relations with numerous foreign powers. Zheng He negotiated treaties, exchanged envoys, and fostered alliances with rulers from as far away as the Swahili city-states on the eastern coast of Africa. These diplomatic efforts helped to promote peace and stability in the region and facilitated the growth of maritime trade.In addition to diplomacy, Zheng He's expeditions also had a profound impact on maritime trade. Chinese merchants traded silk, tea, porcelain, and other goods for spices, precious metals, gems, and exotic animals. The voyages helped to stimulate economic growth and cultural exchange across the Indian Ocean basin, laying the groundwork for the later era of European exploration and colonization.Furthermore, Zheng He's voyages contributed to the spread of Chinese culture and technology to distant lands. Chinese astronomers, cartographers, and linguists accompanied the expeditions, exchanging knowledge and ideas with their counterparts in foreign countries. Zheng He'sfleet also carried Buddhist monks who spread the teachingsof Buddhism to Southeast Asia and beyond.Despite their significance, Zheng He's voyages were eventually discontinued due to changing political and economic priorities in China. The Ming Dynasty became increasingly inward-looking, focusing on domestic stability and defense against northern nomadic tribes. Theconstruction of the Great Wall and other defensive measures drained resources away from maritime exploration, leadingto the eventual abandonment of the Treasure Voyages.In conclusion, Zheng He's seven voyages to the Westwere a remarkable chapter in world history, showcasingChina's naval power, diplomatic skill, and cultural influence. The expeditions helped to expand China's sphereof influence, promote trade and diplomacy, and facilitate cultural exchange across the Indian Ocean basin. Zheng He's legacy continues to inspire awe and admiration, remindingus of the importance of exploration, cooperation, and understanding in the pursuit of a more interconnected world.。

郑和下西洋英语作文汉加英

郑和下西洋英语作文汉加英Title: The Maritime Expeditions of Zheng HeZheng He, a renowned admiral of the Ming Dynasty, is remembered for his extraordinary voyages that spanned across the seas, connecting China with numerous regions of Asia, Africa, and beyond. These historic journeys, known as the Zheng He voyages, not only showcased China's naval capabilities but also fostered trade and cultural exchanges among different civilizations.Born in 1371 in what is now Yunnan Province, Zheng He embarked on his first voyage in 1405. Commanding a fleet of over 300 ships and carrying around 28,000 crew members, including sailors, soldiers, interpreters, and doctors, Zheng He set out to sea from the port of Suzhou. His initial voyage reached as far as the Indian Ocean, returning with envoys from various countries who wished to establish relations with the Ming court.Over the next two decades, Zheng He led a total of seven voyages, covering vast distances and visiting many territories. His travels extended to the Arabian Peninsula, the east coast of Africa, and even into the heart of the Indian Ocean. Wherever he went, Zheng He presented Chinese goods such as silk,porcelain, and bronze coins, and brought back exotic items like spices, precious stones, and exotic animals, which were highly prized in China.The scale of Zheng He's ships was unparalleled at the time. Some of his "treasure ships" were colossal, reportedly capable of carrying several hundred people and standing several stories high, featuring intricate designs that symbolized Chinese wealth and power. These vessels were equipped with advanced navigation tools, enabling them to sail vast oceans with remarkable accuracy.However, these grand expeditions were not without controversy. Some historians argue that the voyages strained the Ming Dynasty's finances and ultimately contributed to its decline. Furthermore, following Zheng He's final voyage in 1433, China's new leadership decided to end such costly ventures, and strict maritime restrictions were enforced. This led to a reduction in China's seafaring activities and limited its engagement with the outside world.Despite their eventual cessation, Zheng He's voyages left a lasting legacy. They became a testament to China's exploration and seafaring prowess during the Ming Dynasty. Today, they continue to inspire awe and serve as a reminder ofChina's historical role in fostering global connections and its contributions to the early days of international maritime trade and diplomacy.The story of Zheng He's expeditions reflects a period when China was one of the most influential forces in the world, and his journeys remain an essential chapter in the history of globalization. As we celebrate the achievements of these ancient explorers, it invites us to consider how history's currents have shaped our interconnected modern world, and the lessons we can draw from the past to navigate our own seas of change and discovery.标题：郑和下西洋郑和，明朝著名的航海家，因其非凡的海上航行而闻名于世，这些航行跨越海洋，连接了中国与亚洲、非洲及其他地区。

郑和下西洋英文版

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The voyages helped expand foreign
interest in Chinese goods such as silk and porcelain. In addition, Zheng He brought exotic foreign items back to China, including the first giraffe ever seen there. At the same time, the fleet's obvious strength meant that the Emperor of China commanded respect and inspired fear all ovES TO THE WESTERN SEAS
Early in the 15th century, a huge fleet of ships set sail from Nanjing. It was the first of a series of voyages that would, for a brief period, establish China as the leading power of the age. The voyage was led by Zheng He, the most important Chinese adventurer of all time and one of the greatest sailors the world has ever known. In fact, some people think he was the original model for the legendary Sinbad the Sailor.

郑和下西洋英语演讲稿

郑和下西洋英语演讲稿Ladies and Gentlemen,It is an honor to stand before you today and deliver this speech on the remarkable voyages of the renowned explorer, Admiral Zheng He. As we delve into the life and achievements of this extraordinary figure, let us embark on a journey that takes us back to the 15th century, a time when exploration and discovery were at their height.Admiral Zheng He, born in the year 1371 in the hilly region of Yunnan, China, rose to become one of the most influential characters of his time. Known for his impressive fleet of treasure ships, he led a series of maritime expeditions that spanned over three decades. These voyages, collectively known as the "Treasure Voyages," set sail from China and reached as far as the eastern coast of Africa.The scale of Zheng He's expeditions was unparalleled during his era. Leading a fleet of massive ships, often described as "floating cities," he commanded over 27,000 crew members and embarked on a total of seven expeditions between 1405 and 1433. These voyages were not merely driven by a thirst for exploration, but also by the desire to establish trade networks, foster diplomatic ties, and showcase the might and power of the Ming Dynasty.One cannot overlook the importance of Zheng He's voyages in shaping the course of history. During his travels, he visited various countries and established diplomatic relations with numerous rulers. Through peaceful negotiations, Zheng He fostered trade agreements and exchanged valuablegoods such as silk, porcelain, and spices. His expeditions, which predate Columbus' first voyage by nearly a century, were instrumental in promoting cultural exchange and stimulating economic growth.The treasure ships used by Zheng He were magnificent vessels, far superior to any other ships of that time. These colossal wooden ships measured up to 400 feet in length and 160 feet in width. Their immense size allowed them to carry massive amounts of cargo, making trade between countries significantly more efficient. These ships were not only floating marketplaces but also served as floating showcases of Chinese wealth and technological advancements, impressing foreign lands with the grandeur of the Ming Dynasty.Zheng He's voyages were not solely focused on economic gains. They also carried significant diplomatic implications. Each expedition incorporated a strategy of cultural diplomacy, which aimed to forge relationships with foreign powers by showcasing the splendor and magnificence of Chinese civilization. Zheng He carried with him an extensive entourage of diplomats, scholars, and artists who presented the best of Chinese culture to the people they encountered. In return, they brought back exotic goods, knowledge, and artifacts, contributing to a richer understanding of the world beyond China's borders.The impact of Zheng He's expeditions extended far beyond the trade and diplomatic realm. Through his travels, he played a crucial role in spreading knowledge and ideas. Chinese inventions, such as the compass and gunpowder, found their way to distant lands, revolutionizing warfare and navigation. Similarly, the exchange of knowledge led to advancements invarious fields, including medicine, architecture, and agriculture. Zheng He's voyages brought the world closer together, laying the foundation for the interconnected global society we live in today.Sadly, Zheng He's expeditions came to an abrupt halt after his final voyage in 1433. The reasons for this sudden end remain unclear, with official Chinese records providing limited information. However, various theories suggest that internal political struggles, resource depletion, and changing priorities within the Ming Dynasty could have contributed to the discontinuation of further voyages.Despite their eventual end, Zheng He's expeditions left an indelible mark on the world. They were a testament to the human spirit of exploration and the pursuit of knowledge. Zheng He's achievements have inspired generations of adventurers and scholars, reminding us of the potential for greatness within each individual.In conclusion, Admiral Zheng He's expeditions were a pioneering force in maritime exploration, trade, and cultural exchange during the 15th century. His voyages, marked by the grandeur of the treasure ships and the ideals of peace and diplomacy, continue to captivate our imagination. Zheng He's legacy serves as a testament to the power of human curiosity, resilience, and the enduring quest for understanding and unity.Thank you.。

郑和下西洋作文英语

郑和下西洋作文英语In the early 15th century, a remarkable fleet of treasure ships set sail from the shores of China, embarking on a series of voyages that would leave an indelible mark on world history. At the helm of this grand enterprise was the renowned Chinese admiral Zheng He, whose explorations to the distant lands of the Indian Ocean and beyond would forever change the course of global exploration and diplomacy.Born in 1371 in the Yunnan province of China, Zheng He was born into a prominent Muslim family and was raised with a deep respect for different cultures and traditions. As a young man, he was captured and brought to the court of the Ming dynasty emperor Zhu Di, who was immediately impressed by Zheng He's intelligence, leadership qualities, and diplomatic skills. Recognizing his potential, the emperor appointed Zheng He as the admiral of a massive fleet of treasure ships, tasking him with the mission of establishing trade and diplomatic relations with the kingdoms and empires that lay beyond China's borders.Over the course of seven voyages, spanning from 1405 to 1433, Zheng He and his fleet traveled to more than 30 countries, from Southeast Asia to the east coast of Africa. These voyages were not merely commercial endeavors, but rather grand displays of Chinese power and influence. The treasure ships that Zheng He commanded were truly awe-inspiring, with some measuring up to 400 feet in length and carrying a crew of over 27,000 men. These ships were equipped with the latest navigational technology, including magnetic compasses, sounding lines, and astronomical instruments, allowing the fleet to navigate the treacherous waters of the Indian Ocean with unparalleled skill and precision.One of the most remarkable aspects of Zheng He's voyages was the diplomatic approach that he and his crew employed. Rather than engaging in military conquest or plunder, Zheng He sought to establish mutually beneficial relationships with the rulers of the lands he visited. He brought with him an array of gifts and tributes, including silk, porcelain, and other valuable goods, which he presented to local leaders in exchange for trade agreements and promises of friendship. This approach was in stark contrast to the more aggressive and exploitative tactics employed by European explorers in the centuries that followed, and it helped to establish China as a powerful and respected presence on the global stage.Zheng He's voyages also had a significant impact on the cultural andtechnological exchange between China and the rest of the world. The fleet brought back a wealth of information and artifacts from the lands they visited, including exotic spices, precious stones, and unique cultural practices. This knowledge was then disseminated throughout China, enriching the country's understanding of the world beyond its borders and inspiring further exploration and innovation.Perhaps most importantly, Zheng He's voyages demonstrated the vast and sophisticated nature of China's maritime capabilities at a time when much of the rest of the world was still struggling to master the seas. The size and technological sophistication of the treasure ships, combined with the skill and bravery of their crews, were a testament to the advanced state of Chinese civilization and its global ambitions.Despite the many successes of Zheng He's voyages, his legacy would ultimately be overshadowed by the rise of European exploration and colonization in the centuries that followed. After the death of the Ming dynasty emperor who had commissioned the voyages, China's focus shifted inward, and the country's maritime ambitions were largely abandoned. Meanwhile, European powers like Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands began to establish their own global trading empires, often at the expense of the local populations they encountered.In the modern era, however, there has been a renewed interest in Zheng He and his remarkable achievements. Scholars and historians have worked to uncover the true scope and significance of his voyages, recognizing them as a critical chapter in the history of global exploration and diplomacy. Many have also argued that Zheng He's approach to international relations, based on mutual respect and cultural exchange, offers valuable lessons for the modern world as it grapples with the challenges of globalization and geopolitical tensions.Ultimately, the story of Zheng He and his treasure fleet is a testament to the power of human curiosity, ingenuity, and cultural exchange. Through his voyages, Zheng He not only expanded the boundaries of the known world, but also demonstrated the vast potential of China's maritime capabilities and the benefits of a diplomatic approach to international relations. While his legacy may have been overshadowed in the centuries that followed, Zheng He's contributions to the global story of exploration and discovery remain a source of immense pride and inspiration for the people of China and beyond.。

郑和下西洋作文英语

郑和下西洋作文英语A Journey of Exploration and Cultural ExchangeThe voyages of Zheng He, also known as Cheng Ho or Zheng He the Navigator, are one of the most significant chapters in the history of China and the world. These expeditions, which took place during the Ming Dynasty, were not just about trade and diplomacy; they were also a testament to the spirit of exploration and cultural exchange.Led by the renowned eunuch admiral Zheng He, the voyages set out from Nanjing, China, in the early 15th century. The fleet, comprising hundreds of ships and tens of thousands of sailors, traveled vast distances, reaching as far as Africa and the Middle East. The scale and grandeur of these voyages were unprecedented, surpassing even the voyages of Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama.The primary objective of Zheng He's voyages was to showcase the might and wealth of the Ming Dynasty and to establish diplomatic ties with foreign kingdoms. However, the voyages also served as a platform for cultural exchange and mutual understanding. Merchants from various countriestraded goods, such as silk, porcelain, and spices, enriching the economies of both China and the visited countries.In addition to trade, the voyages also facilitated cultural exchanges. Chinese art, literature, and technology were introduced to foreign lands, while foreign ideas and innovations were brought back to China. This mutual exchange of ideas and knowledge fostered a spirit of openness and inclusivity, contributing to the development of both Chinese and international cultures.Moreover, the voyages demonstrated the courage, resilience, and maritime prowess of the Chinese people. The sailors faced numerous challenges during their journeys, including harsh weather, disease, and piracy. However, they persevered and persevered, overcoming these obstacles and achieving remarkable feats of navigation and exploration.In conclusion, the voyages of Zheng He were not just about trade and diplomacy; they were a journey of exploration and cultural exchange that enriched the world. The voyages fostered mutual understanding and respect between China and foreign countries, contributing to the development of international relations and cultural diversity. Today, Zheng He'svoyages continue to inspire us to explore the world, learn from different cultures, and build bridges of friendship and cooperation.。

郑和下西洋佳音英语课文

郑和下西洋佳音英语课文Early in the 15th century, a huge fleet of ships set sail from Nanjing. It was the first of a series of voyages that would, for a brief period, establish China as the leading power of the age. The voyage was led by Zheng He, the most important Chinese adventurer of all time and one of the greatest sailors the world has ever known. In fact, some people think he was the original model for the legendary Sinbad the Sailor.In 1371, Zheng He was born in what is now Yunnan Province to Muslim parents, who named him Ma Sanpao. When he was 11 years old, invading Ming armies captured Ma and took him to Nanjing. There he was castrated and made to serve as a eunuch in the imperial household.Ma befriended a prince there who later became the Yong Le Emperor, one of the Ming Dynasty's most distinguished. Brave, strong, intelligent and totally loyal, Ma won the trust of the prince who, after ascending the throne, gave him a new name and made him Grand Imperial Eunuch.Yong Le was an ambitious emperor who believed that China's greatness would be increased with an "open-door" policy regarding international trade and diplomacy. In 1405, he ordered Chinese ships to sail to the Indian Ocean, and put Zheng He in charge of the voyage. Zheng went on to lead seven expeditions in 28 years, visiting more than 40 countries.Zheng's fleet had more than 300 ships and 30,000 sailors. The largest vessels, 133-meter-long "treasure ships", had up to nine masts and could carry a thousand people. Along with a Han and Muslim crew, Zheng opened up trade routes in Africa, India, and Southeast Asia.The voyages helped expand foreign interest in Chinese goods such as silk and porcelain. In addition, Zheng He brought exotic foreign items back to China, including the first giraffe ever seen there. At the same time, the fleet's obvious strength meant that the Emperor of China commanded respect and inspired fear all over Asia.While Zheng He's main aim was to show the superiority of Ming China, he often got involved in the local politics of places he visited. In Ceylon, for instance, he helped restore the legitimate ruler to thethrone. On the island of Sumatra, now part of Indonesia, he defeated the army of a dangerous pirate and took him to China for execution.Though Zheng He died in 1433 and was probably buried at sea, a grave and small monument to him still exist in Jiangsu Province. Three years after Zheng He's death, a new emperor banned the construction of oceangoing ships, and China's brief era of naval expansion was over. Chinese policy turned inward, leaving the seas clear for the rising nations of Europe.Opinions vary on why this happened. Whatever the reason, conservative forces gained the upper hand, and China's potential for world domination was not realized. Records of Zheng He's incredible voyages were burned. Not until the early 20th century did another fleet of comparable size take to the seas.。

拌糖教育郑和下西洋英文介绍版

Thank you.
A display at the Ibn Battuta Mall in Dubai compares the size of ships used by Zheng He and by Christopher Columbus.
The voyage of Zhenghe
The influence of ZhengHe's voyage.
The influence in domestic : In NanYang ,Indian Ocean , Zhenghe developed more and more overseas markets .The overseas market trade stimulated domestic industry development. Zhenghe’s voyage also strengthened the contact of mainland and Taiwan.
Modern study of ship dimensions
• Treasure ship and List of world's largest wooden ships • According to recent research by professor of marine engineering Xin Yuanou, the length of many of the ships has been estimated at 59 m (193.6 ft),[34] but is under heavy dispute by other scholars.
to seek out the Jianwen Emperor

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Facts: 1st-6th voyages took place during Yongle emperor’s reign: Dreyer:
1st: 1045-07
2nd: 1047-09
3rd: 1049-11 4th: 1413-15 5th: 1417-19 6th: 1421-22 Yongle emperor’s death in 1424, the Ming put a halt to the expedition and Zheng He was pensioned off
– toured the temples and palaces of the Maya center of Palenque in Mexico – hunted walruses and smelted copper in Greenland
– mined for lead and saltpeter in northern Australia
– established trading posts for diamonds along the Amazon and its tributaries
Dreyer’s View
According to official historical account:
– The treasure boats going to foreign countries…were to be temporarily suspended – Reasons:

Zheng He Exhibition
• The myth of the great exploration symbolized by Zheng’s voyages
• The real purpose of Zheng He’s voyages: exploration or trade?
• Were they for ―power projection‖ only? • Why did these start and why did they end? • Are the traditional educated elite to be blamed for the termination? • How far did Zheng He’s fleets go? America? • What did Zheng He accomplish? • What was the larger meaning of his voyages?
China’s Greatest Explorer?
The 15th century admiral,
Zheng He
Menzies Views
Zheng He’s voyages of exploration began in 1405 and culminated in early 1421 As Yongle emperor’s favorite eunuch, Zheng He was ordered to take Ming’s huge armadas to the unknown world beyond China On the sixth voyage (1421-22), Zheng He’s ships reached Antarctica, the Arctic, North and South America, Pacific, Australia
Yongle emperor Zhu Di (r. 10421424)
What Chinese Mariners Did
Menzies claims that Chinese mariners:
– explored the islands of Cape Verde, the Azores, the Bahamas, and the Falklands – established colonies in Australia, New Zealand, British Columbia, California, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island – introduced horses to the Americas, rice to California, chickens to South America, coffee to Puerto Rico, South American sloths to Australia, sea otters to New Zealand, and maize to the Philippines.
another Mongolian campaign war with Vietanam The reconstruction of Beijing
Duyvendak’s argument
– The sixth voyage still took place, although Zheng He did not personally visit all places he indicated in his account – The main body reached Hormuz, the rest of the fleet sailed by squadrons to locations further west, all of which had been visited on the previous voyage – Zheng He returned home to Nanjing by September 1422, leaving his subordinates to sail on to thirty-six ports in Ceylon, India (both Bengal and the Malabar coast), the Persian Gulf, and East Africa. The last of the squadrons returned to China on 8 October 1423,having completed their journey of some 11,000 miles in the expected time, about one year and three months after departing Sumatra
Zheng He and Voyages (1405-1433)
Two views:
• Manzies:
exploration
• Dreyer: ―power
projection‖
Why Zheng He?
• As a general observer: •Resurgent interest in Zheng He, his voyages, and maritime trade • China’s effort to rebuild its sphere of influence in SE Asia, Middle East, and Africa • China’s redefinition of its foreign policy in terms of peace •As an Asian scholar: • The magnitude of the impact of China’s tributary system