翻译长句的译法 translation of long sentences
(完整版)英语中长句的翻译
Chapter 13 英汉长句的翻译Translation of English Long Sentences1. 何谓长句所谓长句，主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句，亦可指含义较多的简单句。
2、汉英长句比较英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,英语多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。
汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。
英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。
多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。
因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。
3、英语长句的分析在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语（主干/句）, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
例：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
汉译英长句的翻译方法
汉译英长句的翻译方法将汉语长句翻译成英语时，可以采用以下几种方法：1.分割句子：将长句分割成较短的句子，每个句子表达一个完整的思想，并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词或标点符号来连接这些句子。
例句：我昨天去了图书馆，借了一本关于历史的书，然后在图书馆里看了两个小时。
英文翻译：I went to the library yesterday and borrowed a book about history. Then, I spent two hours reading it in the library.2. 使用从句：将长句中的一部分转换为从句，并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词（如that, which, who, when, where等）引导从句。
例句：她告诉我她去年参加了一个很有意思的会议，这个会议是在纽约市举行的。
英文翻译：She told me that she attended an interesting conference last year, which was held in New York City.3. 使用定语从句：将长句中作为修饰的部分转换为定语从句，并在英语翻译中使用适当的关系代词（如that, which, who, whom等）引导定语从句。
例句：我喜欢那个戴眼镜的男孩，他总是很友好。
英文翻译：I like the boy who wears glasses; he is always friendly.4.利用省略：可以在英语翻译中省略一些不重要或重复的信息，使句子更清晰和简洁。
例句：我昨天和朋友一起去了看电影，然后吃了晚饭。
英文翻译：I went to watch a movie with my friends yesterday and had dinner afterwards.以上是一些常用的翻译方法，根据具体语境和句子结构的复杂程度，可以选择适合的方法进行翻译。
连淑能《英译汉教程》TranslationofLongSentences（长句译法）【圣才出品】
连淑能《英译汉教程》TranslationofLongSentences（长句译法）【圣才出品】第13章Translation of Long Sentences（长句译法）13.1 复习笔记Translating long English sentences involves not only a mixed application of various techniques but also a careful analysis of their grammatical structures and logical sequences.英语长句的翻译不仅涉及复杂的翻译技巧，还要求对其句法结构和逻辑顺序进⾏细致的分析。
⼀、Features of Long English Sentences（英语长句的特点）English speakers build up long sentences in an “architectural style”. They pay more attention to construct “spatial structure”, often regardless of temporal sequences. It seems to us Chinese that they build basic structures in five patterns, namely, S + V, S + V + P, S + V + O, S + V + o + O, and S + V + O + C as mainstays, with words, phrases, or clauses as members of sentences, then join directly or indirectly, various kinds of nexuses composed of words ,phrases, or clauses as modifiers ,to the mainstays of the basic structures. Here, among other things, English inflection and function words play important roles in connecting various parts grammatically and in showing their relations logically.英语长句是按照“楼房建筑法”组织起来的：主⼲是五种句⼦结构，即主＋谓，主＋系＋表，主＋谓＋宾，主＋谓＋宾＋宾，主＋谓＋宾＋补；枝叶是由词语、词组、从句等组成的各种各样的关系。
长句的译法
11.3 common ways to translate long sentences 长句的常用译法 • Step 1: 查明基本句型：SV, SVP, SVO, SVoO, and SVOC? • Step 2: 查明从属结构 • Step 3: 查明语义 • Step 4: 查明语法关系 • Step 5: 查明重心,时间或逻辑关系顺序 • Step 6: 按照中国人的思维表达习惯,安排或 调整语序 • Step 7: 修订,润饰初稿
• 他是一个胸怀宽广，思想高尚的人，由于其政治家风度 并真正献身于联合国组织的崇高原则，博得了人们广泛 的称赞。他曾作为大会主席和秘鲁首席代表，成绩卓越 地为联合国组织服务。多年来，他把丰富的思想献给了 联合国组织，直到结束他崇高的一生。
11.3.4 靠拢法
eg: The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story. • 原译：树的历史，开始于树林中，直到生产为木板 后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的故 事．
• 从发展中国家的观点来看,下一个十年应有一个 大力加速科学技术合作的纲领,旨在广泛传播技 术,从而满足人们诸如营养,住宅,交通,卫生保健的 基本需要.
Drills1: ① A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, ② but the majority are so large that hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare; ③ here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths
第17讲 长句的翻译
17.3 分译法
Happiness is like a visitor, a genial, exotic Aunt Tilly, who turns up when you least expect, orders an extravagant round of drinks and then disappears, trailing a lingering scent of gardenias. 幸福就像一位和蔼可亲、带有异国情调来拜 访你的蒂莉姨妈。她在你最意想不到的时 候来临，大大方方请你喝酒，然后翩然离 去，留下缕缕栀子花的清香弥漫在你周围
Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各种机器零件无论多么脏，形状多么不规则， 当它们用超声波处理后，可以被洗得非常 干净，甚至干净得像新零件一样
We depend upon the sun's rays for the light and warmth which keep us alive, but there are some kinds of rays from the sun which would burn us to death if we were not protected from them 我们靠太阳的光和热生存，但是太阳光中有 几种射线会把我们烧死，如果我们不加防 护的话。
第17讲 长句的翻译
Translation of Long Sentences
Translation of long sentences 长句翻译技巧 ppt课件
were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue
eyes had acquired a certain fullness.
如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的，花儿般的魅力， 也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁，苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色— 二十六年前这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特 --- 那么在四十三岁 的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳，而灰蓝的 眼睛也已经有点儿沧桑了。
the apple-blossom colouring which had so
swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six
years ago, she was still at forty-three, a
comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks
PPT课件
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+ 将原句中某一个或几个词从句中抽出，译成 中文之后置于句首或句尾。这些词可以是副 词、过去分词、或一句话。
+ This is a NATO matter and any comment on it should appropriately come from NATO.
+ 这是北约组织的问题，关于这个问题的任何
+ No one will deny that /what we have been able to do in the past five years is especially striking /in view of the crisis which we inherited from the previous government.
Unit 8长句的翻译
Unit 8Translating Skills Practice长句的翻译[Long Sentences]翻译长句时应从语法上分析全句，通过语法分析，弄清长句中各部分之间的语法关系，特别要弄清楚哪个是主句，主句中的主语、谓语和宾语是什么以及整个句子的时间先后顺寻和逻辑关系，然后按照汉语的特别和表达方式把句子译成若干短句，并安排好各短句之间的次序。
下面三种方法有助于我们译好长句。
1 顺译法：A partition runs down the centre of the heart, dividing it into left and right sections which work at the same time but deal with two different types of blood.一道隔膜穿过心脏中间，把心脏分成左右两个部分，两个部分同时活动，但却处理两种不同类型的血液。
2 逆译法：What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?对于护士、警察、理发师或是服务员来说，要使人们看不出他们的职业身份，还有什么比脱下制服更容易的方法呢？3 分译法：But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.但在许多人看来，穷人能不靠政府救济养活自己，而且生活得几乎和过去依靠政府救济时一样好，这本身就是一个巨大的胜利。
事实上，有些长句的翻译同时要用到两种或两种以上的方法，在翻译的过程中还须运用增词法、减词法和重复法等翻译技巧。
Lecture 14 Long Sentences
How to translate? First translate each sentence division, then reorganize each part and put them together by adding necessary connectives. 1. ① On August 1, the gunboat began her mission,
② which was, in the eyes of the defenders, a provocative act ③ (a) and seemed to be part of the overall assault (b) which had begun on July 31.
①八月一日，炮舰开始执行任务。 ②在防御 者看来，是一次挑衅行为， ③而且似乎是 七月三十一日开始的全面攻击的一个部分。
On August 1, the gunboat began her mission, which was, in the eyes of the defenders, a provocative act and seemed to be part of the overall assault which had begun on July 31. Analysis: The sentence is composed of a principal clause and a long attributive clause. （主句＋定语 从句） 1) On August 1, the gunboat began her mission, (principal clause) 2) which was, in the eyes of the defenders, a provocative act and seemed to be part of the overall assault which had begun on July 31. (attri. clause)
Translation of long sentences 长句翻译技巧 ppt课件
+ The total expenditure of the US government for the so-called Fiscal Year 1970, that is the period from July 1, 1969 to June 10, 1970, were about 195 billion dollars, of which about 80 billion was for national defense.
the apple-blossom colouring which had so
swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six
years ago, she was still at forty-three, a
comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks
长句的翻译
PPT课件
1
+ Clauses, or/ and that, who, whom, when, why, where, how, which
+ Present/ past participles, or / and -ing, -ed
+ Compound sentences, or/ and and, but, or, so…
PPT课件
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+ 将原句中某一个或几个词从句中抽出，译成 中文之后置于句首或句尾。这些词可以是副 词、过去分词、或一句话。
+ This is a NATO matter and any comment on it should appropriately come from NATO.
长句翻译(1)
Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries. 现代科技书籍, 特别是教科书 应该每隔较短的时间, 将书中的内容重新修改 要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事 实和新发现同步发展 对于现代科技书籍, 特别是教科书来说, 要是作者希望自己 书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发 展的话, 那么就应该每隔较短的时间, 将书中的内容重新修 改。
Behaviorists（行为主义者） suggest that the （行为主义者） child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli （刺激因素）which 刺激因素） develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者认为如果儿童成长在有许多有利于其 适当反应能力的发展的刺激因素的环境里，智力 就会发展到较高的水平。 行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺 激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
分句译法
有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关 系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用 短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当 增加词语。
连淑能《英译汉教程》Translation of Long Sentences(长句译法)【圣才出品】
存在并列成分，如并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语、并列定语、并列状语等。 2. Phrases or clauses used as modifiers: prepositional phrases, participial phrases, infinitival phrases, attributive clauses, and adverbial clauses, etc. 短语或从句作修饰语，如介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句、状语从句等。 3. Phrases or clauses used as members of the sentence: prepositional phrases, participial phrases, infinitival phrases, gerundial phrases, verbal phrases, subject clauses, object clauses, and predicative clauses, etc. 短语或从句作主干成分，如介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句等。 4. supplementary elements: appositives, parentheses, independent elements, and absolute constructions, etc. 存在附加成分，如同位语、插入语、独立结构等。
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
英译汉英语长句的翻译TheTranslationofLongSentence
It was the moment I ceased being a child, when I began to have an adult’s awareness of the pain and tragedy in life.
（先译主语从句，后译主句。）许多人 常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为 白领工人的社会地位，这在西方则是人 之常情。
3、分句译法
当英语长句中的各个成份——主句与从 句、主句与修饰词在意义上并不密切关 联，我们可以按照汉语多用短句的行文 方式，把英语长句中的从句或短语分别 译成独立的句子。为了语气上的连贯， 还可以加译适当的词语。
如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里逗 留一两个小时，你也会感到从密歇根湖那边吹 拂过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所以叫做 “风城”的缘故。
After walking a long way, the young man came upon a foolish man who had fasten a pair of trousers between trees and who was jumping with all his might high up in the air and trying to hit the two legs of them as he came down.
当英语长句中的各个成份主句与从句主句与修饰词在意义上并不密切关联我们可以按照汉语多用短句的行文方式把英语长句中的从句或短语分别译成独立的句子
英译汉 英语长句的翻译
The Translation of Long Sentence
13_长句的翻译
①A world Bank report… insists that…
一份世界银行的报告……坚持认为
②A world Bank report was released at the time of the
conference. 在这次会议上公布了一份世界银行的报告
③The conference ended on 10 November.
包孕
包孕就是指将英语后置修饰成分(包括各种词组或从句)在 汉译时放在中心词(即被修饰成分)之前，使修饰成分在汉 语句中形成前置包孕。修饰词前置是汉语的正常语序。因 此，只要修饰成分不要过长，汉译后没有拖沓之嫌，我们 可以尽量译成前置包孕，这样可以使句义十分紧凑，结构 上整体感强。
The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its function． 大会得设立其认为于行使职务所必需之辅助机关。
Translation of Long Sentences
英语长句的翻译
长句翻译的步骤
1. 削去枝蔓，找出主干（将英语长句的“大树”解构）
2. 条分缕析，理清关系（将长句中的各从句理清关系） 3. 确定单位，各个击破（忠实原句，准确理解各从句 的含义） 4. 调整搭配，重新组合（将各部分重构成“竹子”） 5. 核对原句，润饰原句（译成通顺的汉语）
A world Bank report released at the time of the conference, which ended on 10 November, insists that Vietnam’s overall growth will depend more on its own policies than on the volume of external financing. Complex Sentence 主干：A world Bank report… insists that… 分支： a. A world Bank report was released at the time of the conference. b. The conference ended on 10 November. c. Vietnam’s overall growth will depend more on its own policies than on the volume of external financing
长句的译法
It would take me an entire book to list（1）all of （ ） the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people（2）, but （ ） who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends（3）-- usually serving as problem-solvers, （ ） and widely respected and loved（4）. （ ） 我毕生认识了许多人， 我毕生认识了许多人，他们一生中大部分时间都是单身 ），但在朋友群中却无可非议地是个核心人物 （2），但在朋友群中却无可非议地是个核心人物（3）。 ），但在朋友群中却无可非议地是个核心人物（ ）。 他们经常帮人解决问题，广受尊敬，广受爱戴（ ）。 他们经常帮人解决问题，广受尊敬，广受爱戴（4）。 要把这些人的姓名一一列出的话， 要把这些人的姓名一一列出的话，恐怕要写一本书 （1）。 ）。
Attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom, immigrants from many other countries flocked to the United States in increasing numbers, reaching a peak in the years 1880 -1914. 分层： 分层： 1. (Immigrants from many other countries were ) attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom. 2. Immigrants from many other countries flocked to the United States. 3. in increasing numbers 4. reaching a peak in the years 1880 -1914
unit-4长句翻译
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张谷若译文
• 我爱我的所爱，因为她长的实在招人爱。 我恨我的所爱，因为她不回报我的爱。我 带着她到挂着浮荡子招牌的一家，和她谈 情说爱。我请她看一出潜逃私奔，为的是 我和她能长久你亲我爱。她的名儿叫做艾 米丽，她的家住在爱河里。
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其他译本
• 我爱我的爱人，因为她很迷人；我恨我的 爱人，因已许配他人；她在我心中是美人， 我带她私奔，以避开外人；她名叫虞美人， 是东方丽人。
A notion has taken hold in the United States to the effect
that（同位语从句） who (定语从句) who (定语从句)
【译文】在美国有一种根深蒂固的观点，就是只有那 些抚养得起子女的人，才应鼓励其生育。
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例3：Many a woman, some of the Highest in
Unit4 长句的翻译 Translation of Long Sentences
1
长句翻译赏析
• I love my love with an E, because she’s enticing; I hate her with an E, because she’s engaged. I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, her name’s Emily, and she lives in the east?
• 一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰 语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。
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在分析长句时应注意以下几个方面
(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的 结构。
翻译长句的译法 translation of long sentences
2、We were busy with the hay in a faraway field, when the girl that usually brought our breakfasts came running an hour too soon across the meadow and up the lane, calling me as she ran.
Translation skills：顺译法、逆译法、分译法、综合法。
Outline
Politics
Economics
Environment
Literature
Science
Social problem
A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United Stated has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. 政治类
译文：以阿斯旺大坝为例，它 挡住了尼罗河的洪水，但也使 埃及失去了洪水冲击的肥沃土 壤，换回来的却是一个病态的 大水库。现在水库积满泥沙， 几乎不能用于发电了。
长句的翻译(英文)
Translation of Long Sentences 作者： 田超
作者机构： 内蒙古师范大学 外国语学院 内蒙古 呼和浩特
出版物刊名： 内蒙古师范大学学报：哲学社会科学版
主题词： 信;达;雅
摘要：本文旨在从语言的三个层面即语义、语法、语用谈一谈对信、迭、雅三原则的理解和认识。
从整体上来说,这三个方面是有机统一的整体。
本文注重介绍长句的翻译并首先根据语法结构介绍了长句的定义。
理解句意可以通过选择和排除一些概念,而后找到句中近义词和反义词的对等成分来实现,之后通过对长句分析的讨论,提出翻译长句的四种方法:顺译法,逆译法,分译法,综合译法。
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练习：1、The big bang is a well-tested scientific
theory which is widely accepted within the scientific community because it is the most accurate and comprehensive explanation for the full range of phenomena astronomers observe.
in which consumers largely determine 经济类
what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.
政治类
译文 对于后来组成美国的英国殖民地的历史的一个 长久以来的观点，认为英国在1763年以前对于 这些殖民地的政策被经济利益所支配，而且认 为一种向着更大程度帝国制度的政策上的转变 ——为扩张主义的军事目标所左右——产生了 最终导致美国革命的紧张气氛 。
--Wuthering Heights,1847, Emily Bronte
译文：我们正在远处的田 里忙着耙干草，给我们送 饭的女孩比以往早来了一 个小时，她急匆匆的穿过 草地，跑向田垄，一边跑 一边喊我的名字 。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Thank you..
Bye !
What is long sentences?
复合长句即包含各种语法关系和特殊句型的句子。英语多长 句，这是因为英语可以有后置定语。扩展的后置定语可以是带 从句或长修饰语的复杂句。
Translation skills：顺译法、逆译法、分译法、综合法。
Outline
Politics Economics Environment Literature Science Social problem
译文：大爆炸是一个经过了众多检 验的科学理论，它在科学领域得到 了广泛的认可，因为它是目前对各 种天文观测现象最准确最有说服力 的解释。
2、We were busy with the hay in a faraway field, when the girl that usually brought our breakfasts came running an hour too soon across the meadow and up the lane, calling me as she ran.
Many man-made substances are replacing certain
natural materials because either quantity of the
natural product cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement ，or，more often，because the physical properties of the synthetic substances，which is the common name for man-made materials，have been chosen，and even emphasized，so that it would be of
--Wuthering Heights,Chapter2,1847, Emily Bronte
文学类
译文
她很苗条，明显还处于少女的年 龄阶段：长得极好，看着这张非常精 致的脸让我感到从未有过的荣幸。五 官，非常端正；黄色的发卷，或者说 是金色的发卷散落在她精巧的脖子旁 边；眼睛，如果它们在表达恰当，那 将宁人难以拒绝。幸运的是，对于我 易受感动的心而言，它们所表示的唯 一情感盘旋在蔑视和绝望之间，可以 发现异乎寻常的不自然。
我的首翻：一个长久以来的历史观点认为
最终组成了美国的原英国殖民地已经表示,英 国的政策趋向这些殖民地1763年以前是由商 业利益和认为一种向着更大程度帝国制度的 政策,扩张主义的军事目标所左右——产生了 最终导致的紧张关系的美国革命。
The American economic system is, organized around a basically privateenterprise, market oriented economy
the greatest use in the field in which it is to be applied.
译文：许多人造材料正在取代某些天然材
料。这是因为：一方面，天然材料不能满
足我们日益增长的需求;另一方面，（人
们）选中甚至强化了合成材料的一些物理
性质，这样，在其应用领域，它可能是最
好的（材料）。
科技类
社会类
Across all continents, nearly a billion people seek, sometimes almost desperation, for the skills and knowledge and assistance by which they may satisfy from their own resources, the material wants common to all mankind.
译文：美国的经济是以基本的私有企业 和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济 中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为 那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决 定什么应该被制造出来。
环境类
The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left –all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United Stated has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more
译文：以阿斯旺大坝为例，它 挡住了尼罗河的洪水，但也使 埃及失去了洪水冲击的肥沃土 壤，换回来的却是一个病态的 大水库。现在水库积满泥沙， 几乎不能用于发电了。
She was slender, and apparently scarcely past girlhood: an admirable form, and the most exquisite little face that I have ever had the pleasure of beholding; small features, very fair; flaxen ringlets, or rather golden, hanging loose on her delicate neck; and eyes, had they been agreeable in expression, that would have been irresistible: fortunately for my susceptible heart, the only sentiment they evinced hovered between scorn and a kind of desperation, singularly unnatural to be detected there.