汽车专业英语习题Unit8
汽车专业英语课后练习答案
ReviewsExercisesI．Translate the following into Chinese．(85)1front-mounted engine2rechargeable battery3drive shaft4torque converter5compression ignition engine6hydraulic control system7spark—ignition engine8performance parameter9compression stroke10compression chamber volume11theoretical power12electricity—powered vehicles13gasoline—powered vehicles14bore and stroke15driving road wheels16four stroke cycle17intake stroke18combustion stroke19internal combustion engine20top dead center21air—fuel mixture22V—type engine23cylinder block24intake valve25flywheel26valve lash27water pump28oil filter29clutch fork30propeller shaft31up and down movement32unsprung weight33steering system34shock absorber35occupant space36energy absorbing steering column 37ignition system38air conditioning system39MPV40SUV 1前置发动机2可再充电池3驱动轴4变矩器5压缩点火发动机6液压控制系统7火花塞点火发动机8性能参数9压缩行程10压缩腔体积11理论动力功率12电力车辆13汽油动力车辆14缸径与行程15路面驱动轮16四冲程周期17进气行程18压缩行程19内燃机20上止位21空燃混合物22V型发动机23缸体24进气阀25飞轮26阀门隙27水泵28机油过滤器29离合叉30推动轴31上下颠簸32非弹簧承载质量33转向系统34减震器35乘员空间36吸能转向柱37点火系统38空调系统39多用途车辆40运动通用车辆41mass flow meter42injection duration43electronic fuel injection44vapor lock45pressure regulator46pulsation damper47transaxle48modulator49torque converter50one-way clutch51solenoid valve52planetary gear set53valve body54brake fluid55EBCM56wheel speed sensor57hydraulic pressure58MPH59pulse frequency60dynamic test61rotating speed62in series63optional vacuum64Jack stands65speed up66accessory drive belt inspection 67vehicle lifting platform68engine air cleaner filter69diagnostic tree70ABS71ignition triggering sign72digital multimeter73engine cooling system74automotive diagnostic scanner 75CMPS76daily maintenance77repair manuals78dynamic data stream79safety belts80trouble code81Toyota82windshield washer83air cleaner filter84fuel pressure regulator 41质量流量计42喷油持续时间43电子燃油喷射44气阻45压力调节器46脉动阻尼器47变速轴48调节器49变矩器50单向离合器51电动阀52行星齿轮组53阀门体54制动油55电子制动控制模块56轮速传感器57液压58英里/小时59脉动频率60动力学试验61转速62串联63可选性真空64千斤顶座65提速66辅助驱动皮带检查67车辆升降台68发动机空气滤清器69诊断树70防抱死制动系统71点火触发信号72数字万用表73发动机冷却系统74汽车诊断扫描仪75凸轮轴位置传感器76每日维护77维修手册78动力学数据流79安全皮带80故障代码81丰田82挡风玻璃洗涤器83空气滤清器84燃油压力调节器85Audi85奥迪Ⅱ．Translate the following into English．(85)1火花塞2燃烧室温度3传动轴4离台器总成5汽车防抱死制动系统6传动比7转向系统8底盘参数9水泵10后差速器11有效功率l2整备质量13蒸汽汽车14出行方式15最小离地间隙16奥托循环发动机17燃烧室18压缩行程19排气行程20气缸盖21曲柄连杆机构22排气门23润滑系统24冷却系统25节温器26机油泵27离合器压盘28差速器29弹簧承载质量30转向系统31齿轮齿条式转向器32制动系统33制动主缸34四轮驱动35皮卡汽车36起动机37交流发电机38分电器39点火线圈40制动灯41电子控制系统1spark plug2combustion chamber temperature 3drive shaft4clutch assembly5anti-lock brake system6gear ratio7steering system8chassis parameter9water pump10rear differential11effective power12curb weight13steam-powered vehicle14transportation mode15minimum clearance16Otto cycle engine17combustion chamber18compression stroke19exhaust stroke20cylinder cover21crankshaft connecting mechanism 22exhaust valve23lubricating system24cooling system25thermostat26oil pump27clutch pressing plate28differential29sprung weight30steering system31rank and pinion steering system 32brake system33braking master cylinder34four wheel drive35pickup car36starter37alternator38distributor39ignition coil40braking lamp41electronic control system42废气再循环43燃油供给系统44燃油滤清器45电子控制燃油喷射系统46多点燃油喷射47空气进气系统48前轮驱动49驱动轮50空挡51自动变速器52制动带53液力变矩器54防抱死制动系统55报警指示器56回流泵57制动踏板58电磁阀59仪表板60主缸61轮缸62巡航控制系统63数字信号64加速踏板65变速杆66维修手册67故障码68曲轴位置传感器69诊断70征兆71点火线圈72真空表73路试74滤网75抛锚76底盘77排气系统78自动变速器79轮胎气压表80短途81点火反馈信号82电控单元83螺钉旋具84扳手85二极管42exhaust gas recirculation43fuel delivery system44fuel filter45electronic control fuel injection system 46multiple point fuel injection47air intake system48front wheel drive49driving wheel50neutral shift51automatic transmission52braking belt53hydraulic torque converter54anti-lock brake system55warning indicator56return flow pump57brake pedal58solenoid valve59instrumentation/dash/penal60master cylinder61wheel cylinder62cruise control system63digital signal64acceleration pedal65shift level66repair manual67trouble code68CKPS/crankshaft position sensor69diagnosis70symptom71ignition coil72vacuum gauge73road test74screen75breakdown76chassis77exhaust system78automatic transmission79wheel inflation gauge80short distance81ignition feedback signal82electronic control unit83screwdriver84wrench/spanner85diodeIV．Review the following questions according to the texts．(29)1Who built the first gasoline powered car?Answer：In1885,Karl Benz built the first three-wheeled gasoline-powered car in Germany.In the following year,the milestone vehicle was built by Gottlieb Daimler，another German.He perfected the two-cylinder gasoline engine and attached it to the stagecoach,thereby producing the first four-wheeled motor vehicle in the world．2Why did Henry Ford produce automobiles on a moving conveyor line?Answer：In1913,Henry Ford began making automobiles on a moving conveyor line in his factories.He realized that efficient mass production could lower ear prices,making cars affordable for the average person，thus generating a huge market．This was a smashing success.By1916 annual U S auto production reached one million units,a level not reached by any other country until about40years later in England.3What's the function of engine?Answer：The engine acts as the power unit.4What's the function of ignition plug?Answer：The ignition plug supplies the electric spark to ignite the air—fuel mixture in the cylinders.5Why do we need the cooling system on engine?Answer：The cooling system removes excessive heat from the engine.The temperature in engine combustion chambers is about2,000o F(1,094℃).Since steel melts at round2,500o F(1,354℃), this heat must be carried away to prevent engine damage.Air and coolant are used to carry away the heat.6What's the function of storage battery?Answer：The battery stores electricity.It supplies electricity for the ignition,horn,lights,heat and stater.The alternator changes the engine's mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery.7What do dimensions of all automobile include?Answer：The dimensions of an automobile can make you know the appearance of it．They contain the wheelbase,the track front and rear,the overall length,the overall width,he overall height，overhang front,overhang real,the angle of approach,the angle of departure,interior length, interior width，interior height，the ground clearance，curb weight，gross vehicle weight，number of the doors，seating capacity and trunk or cargo space．8Describe the definition of compression ratio.Answer：Compression ratio are frequently used engine pression ratio compares the total cylinder volume to compression chamber volume.9Please list the name of the four strokes，and explain the working principle of the four strokecycle.Answer：The four strokes refer to intake，compression，combustion(power)and exhaust strokes that occur during two crankshaft rotations per working cycle of the gasoline engine and diesel engine.The cycle begins at top dead center(TDC)，when the piston is farthest away from the axis of the crankshaft On the intake stroke of the piston，the piston descends from the top of the cylinder，reducing the pressure inside the cylinder．A mixture of fuel and air is forced(by atmospheric or greater pressure)into the cylinder through the intake(inlet)port.The intake(inlet) valve(or valves)then close(s)，and the compression stroke compresses the fuel-air mixture.The air-fuel mixture is then ignited near the end of the compression stroke，usually by a spark plug(for a gasoline or Otto cycle engine)or by the heat and pressure of compression(for a Diesel cycle or compression ignition engine)The resulting pressure of burning fuel gas pushes the piston through the power stroke In the exhaust stroke,the piston pushes the products of combustion from the cylinder through an exhaust valve or valves.10How many parts does the chassis consist of?Answer：In the case of a vehicle，the chassis includes four parts：transmission system，driving system，steering system and braking system.11Please write down every part function of the chassis.Answer：The function of the transmission is to transmit the power and torque from the engine to the wheels.The driving system carries the power from the transmission to the differential at the real-wheel axles，causing the rear wheels to rotate.The purpose of the steering system is guiding the car where me driver wants it to go.As we know,the brake system is used to slow down and stop a vehicle.12Please give examples of several forms and features of body.Answer：(1)4x4or4WD(“four by four”or“four wheel drive”)Vehicle：A four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously The terms are usually(but not exclusively)used in Europe to describe what is referred to in North America as a sport utility vehicle or SUV f see below).(2)Convertible Vehicle:A body style with a flexible textile folding roof or rigid retracting roof of highly variable design detail to allow driving in open or enclosed modes.(3)Crossover(or CUV)Vehicle:A loose marketing term to describe a vehicle that blends features of a SUV with features of a car especially forgoing the body on frame construction of the SUV in favor of the car’s unibody or monocoque construction.(4) MPV:Multi-purpose vehicle a large car or small bus is designed to be used on and off road and easily convertible to facilitate loading of goods from facilitating carrying people.(5)Pickup Truck:A small，medium，or large-sized truck，though smaller in every case than a Semi tractor truck.The passenger cabin is wholly separated from the cargo bed.(6)Roadster:Originally a two-seat open car with minimal weather protection——without top or side glass though possibly with optional hard or soft top and side curtains(i.e.，without roll—up glass windows).In modem usage，the term means simply a two—seat sports calf convertible，a variation of spyder.13Please write the types of car lights and the roles of the lights.Answer：The lighting system in a typical automobile includes the headlights，parking lights，direction signal lights，side marker lights，stoplights，backup lights，tail lights and the interior lights The interior lights include instrument-panel lights，various warning，indicator and courtesy lights which turn on when a car-door is opened.When the light switch is pulled out,the circuit from the battery to the headlights is completed.This switch has two positions,low beam anddriving beam.These are also called passing beam and high beam.The backup lights come on when the driver shifts into reverse.This closes a switch linked to the selector lever which connects the backup lights to the battery.Blinker lights are installed on many cars to provide a means of signaling when a car is smiled on the highway or has pulled off to the side.The blinking is much mom noticeable than a steady light and provides a warning to approaching ears.14Please list the main categories of the sensors used in the engine electronic control system. Answer：The main categories of the sensors used in the engine electronic control system include AFM，CTS，CMPS，CKPS，TPS，O2S，A／F ratio sensor and KS.15How to operate the EFI system?Answer：The EFI system uses various sensors to detect the engine conditions and automobile running conditions.And the engine ECU calculates the optimum fuel injection volume,and causes the injectors to inject the fuel.16Please list the basic types of automatic transmissions.Answer：There are two basic types of automatic transmissions based on whether the vehicle is rear wheel drive or front wheel drive.On a rear wheel drive car,the transmission is usually mounted to the back of the engine.A drive shaft connects the rear of the transmission to the final drive．which is located in the rear axle and is used to send power to the rear wheels.On a front wheel drive car, the transmission is usually combined with the final drive to from what is called a transaxle.17What are the main components that make up an automatic transmission?Answer：The main components that make up an automatic transmission1nclude:(1)Planetary gear sets which are the mechanical system provide the various forward gear ratios as well as reverse.(2)The hydraulic system uses a special transmission fluid sent under pressure by an oil Dump through the vane body to control the clutches and the bands in order to control the planetary gear sets.(3)Seals and gaskets an used to keep the oil where it is supposed to be and prevent it from leaking out．(4)The torque convener acts like a clutch to allow the vehicle to come to a stop in gear while the engine is soil running.(5)The governor and the modulator or throttle cable monitor speed and throttle position in order to determine when to shift.(6)On newer vehicles．shift points are controlled by computer which directs electrical solenoids to shift oil flow to the appropriate component at the right instant.18Please list the four steps of ABS control cycle.Answer：The four steps of ABS control cycle：(1)EBCM monitoring the wheel speed.(2)Isolating the wheel circuit if the wheel is decelerating too fast(pressure maintain).(3)Reducing wheel circuit pressure if the wheel continues to decelerate too fast.(4)Increasing the wheel circuit pressure when wheel acceleration reaches a preset level.19What is the function of ABS?Answer：An anti-lock brake system(ABS)is a computer-controlled brake system that helps prevent wheels lockup during braking.ABS can maintain control of the vehicle to stop vehicle in the shortest possible distance and in as straight a line as possible，the wheels must be prevented from locking.20Please list the functions of the cruise system.Answer：The cruise control system(CCS)allows you to maintain a set speed above40km/h without keeping your foot off the accelerator pedal.21What is ACC?Answer：Adaptive cruise control(ACC)is an automotive feature that allows a vehicle’s cruisecontrol system to adapt the vehicle's speed to the traffic environment.22Why does the automobile require regular attention and preventive maintenance?Answer：Most of the major parts and systems of the chassis body and engine have predictable use. These parts and systems require regular attention and preventive maintenance.Regular,scheduled maintenance can prevent most common problems and as sure that your car take corrective action. Preventive maintenance will reduce the chance of breakdowns and lower your overall costs.23If a Toyota saloon car’s accelerating capability at high vehicle speed was poor，what will you do?Answer：If a Toyota saloon car’s accelerating capability at high vehicle speed was poor，I shall do as follows:(1)Checking the symptom：(for example)There was a Toyota saloon car，its engine type was2JZ —GE Its accelerating capability at high vehicle speed was poor.(2)Reporting undergoing:(for example)According to what the driver said,firstly gave a drive test which confirmed the driver's description that during acceleration,the output power of the engine is insufficient，likely caused by poor fuel supply So we had a fuel pressure test for the still vehicle The pressure at idle speed was25kg／cm2，and35kg／cm2at acceleration.That was normal Then we checked the sparking timing The result was ing the hand—held tester specifically for Toyota to read trouble codes，we found no trouble codes At last we checked the dynamic data steam.The result was within the accepted range At this time．a11of us were confused，but after consulting with other staff，we were still suspicious of the fuel supply So we linked a fuel-pressure gauge to the fuel rail again and drove the car to have a road test During acceleration，we found that the gauge arm dropped a little.After coming back，we disassembled the fuel pump from the fuel tank and found that the screen was seriously clogged At last，we talked with the driver knowing that his car has run for more than200,000km without any services for the fuel tank.(3)Trouble Solving：(for example)Cleaned the screen and changed the fuel filter The vehicle’s acceleration became satisfied.24What can the screwdriver do?Answer：The screwdriver is a device specifically designed to insert and tighten，or to loosen and remove screws The screwdriver is made up of a head or tip,which engages with a screw,a mechanism to apply torque by rotating the tip,and some way to position and support the screwdriver.25For testing the mechanical side of the engine，you will need some more specialized equipment. Please take some examplesAnswer：For testing the mechanical side of the engine,we need some more specialized equipment.A vacuum gauge with several adapters can be used to test manifold vacuum and test vacuum operated circuits.A vacuum pump is handy for testing vacuum operated components such as EGR valves and heating and air conditioning systems.26How to do the effective diagnosis and troubleshooting when the car breakdown?Answer：The secret of effective diagnosis and troubleshooting is to have a logical well-ordered procedure.Following a logical step-by-step procedure will get you to the root cause of a problem quickly and efficiently.27What can the wrench do?Answer：A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide a mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn bolts,nuts or other items designed to interface with a wrench.At present，we can see thosetools，like box wrench，electronic torque wrench，combination wrench，adjustable wrench，speed handle and ratchet handle.28What can the diagnostic tree do?Answer：The diagnostic tree goes in a logical progression.It will ask a question，usually yes or no，and depending on the answer will branch off in two or more directions.The last box in the tree will have the problem and how to correct it.A more complicated procedure will have branches going into specific tests and then have two or more branches from there depending on test results. 29How to check the engine oil level?Answer：Check the oil gauge.If under the low level,add the proper oil in the engine.Or dim the dim-stick through the hole in the engine,check the dimmed line.If need,add the proper oil.。
汽车专业英语课后题答案
CHARPTE ONE ENGINEUnit 11、回答问题(1)The purpose of using a liner is that, if the cylinder is damaged, the liner can be removed and replaced rather easily.(2) It mainly consists of piston, compression rings, oil control rings, oil control rings, piston pin and connecting rod.(3) It includes crankshaft, bearings, flywheel, harmonic balancer, timing gear, and front and rear seals.(4) The piston reciprocating motion changes to the crankshaft rotary motion by connecting rod.(5) It is used to transfer the camshaft lift to the valve assembly.(6) The rotary motion of the camshaft changes to reciprocating motion by lifters.2、英译汉（1）气门弹簧座圈（2）气门传动机构（3）排气歧管垫（4）气门杆（5）往复式发动机（6）压缩比（7）排气冲程（8）连杆轴承3、汉译英（1）crankshaft main bearing（2）cylinder head bolt （3）piston ring（4）connecting rod bearing （5）cylinder head gasket （6）connecting rod bolt （7） rocker arm shaft （8）hydraulic lifter4、翻译句子（1）这个问题通常与汽缸盖内破裂或者变形有关，缸体破裂可能还会引起燃烧室冷却，导致排放白色尾气。
《汽车实用英语》第一单元到第八单元课文习题答案
《汽车实用英语》第一单元到第八单元课文习题答案课程：学年第_ _学期第周月日教学内容备注Unit 1 Development of the AutomobileSection I T alking Face to FaceThe topic area of Talking Face to Face in this unit is to recommend goods or products. The focusis therefore on the patterns that are proper in making and answering inquiries, esp. those about cars orhome appliance.Explanation of difficult expressions:1.at the 4s Store: 4s店是一种以“四位一体”为核心的汽车特许经营模式，包括整车销售（sale）、零配件销售（spare parts）、售后服务（service）、信息反馈（survey）等。
2.Is it for personal or business use? 是私用还是商用？3.With pleasure. Why not go to the showroom? I’ll show you around. We have many models displayed.很乐意。
我们到展厅去好吗？我可以带你看一看，那儿陈列有我们很多车型。
Why not do …? 表示建议某人去做某事。
show sb around 带某人参观display vt. 陈列、展览4.I think there is one type that suits you. 我想总有一款适合你。
5.Sir, how about this one? This car has excellent safety features, like the dual air bags and ABS brakes.Compared to the old types, this type has got improved in exterior design and tint. It offers high levelof comfort and eye-catching styling. And some optional equipment is also offered. 先生，这辆怎么样？这辆车的安全性能是一流的，有两个安全气囊和ABS刹车。
汽车英语Unit 8
Unit Eight课文A汽车营销中国已成为全世界发展最快的汽车市场，近几年的年平均增长率是26%。
中国汽车业的发展经历了三个阶段。
第一阶段从1953 年到1983年，特点是产量低、技术落后；第二阶段可称为“现代化”阶段，从1984 年到2000年，特点是学习国外的先进技术；第三阶段是指2001年中国加入“世贸组织”后，汽车行业进入生产、销售的快速发展期。
2002和2003年，中国汽车总产量分别增长了38.8% 和36.7%。
2004年，总产量又增长了14.2%。
2005年，中国车市从2004年的萧条状态转向繁荣。
轿车是产量增长的主要力量，而商用车的生产和销售量均有所下降。
2005年中国汽车生产、销售量(单位：百万辆)资料来源: 中国汽车制造业协会2005年，中国汽车产量稳步增长，年生产汽车达到570.8万辆，销售汽车575.8万辆、进口汽车约16万辆，当年汽车销售总量接近591.8万辆。
中国第一次超过日本成为世界第二大汽车生产国，超过德国成为世界第三大汽车消费国，销量仅次于美国和日本。
到2005年，中国无疑已成为世界性的汽车生产和消费市场。
巨大的市场为汽车业发展提供了难得的机会。
假如每年每100个中国人购买一辆汽车，汽车销售量将达到1300万辆，是2005年汽车产量的两倍多。
据预测，更多的中国人将购买家庭汽车。
因此，中国现有的汽车保有量仍然很低，未来几年，市场潜力巨大。
经济的健康发展、人口从农村向需要使用汽车的大城市流动，使生产商不断增加汽车产量。
车价不断降低、新款廉价车型的相继问世，使更多的人买得起汽车。
汽车业的快速发展促进了汽车的生产和销售，但也受到交通基础设施、石油供应和排放标准的限制。
1．交通基础设施到2005年，中国公路总里程数名列世界第二位，但每辆车所拥有的公路里数仅是美国的1/3，日本的1/5，德国的1/6。
尽管投资不少，连接农村和城市的公路依然匮乏。
交通管理也是一个需要改进的领域。
汽车专业英语(黄立新)参考答案.doc
Unit 1 World History of the AutomobileTranslate following expressions into English1.steam engines2. average speed3. electric car 4 gasoline engine5.automotive assembly line6. four-door carsTranslate following sentences into English.1.The first automobiles were developed in the late 1800's.2.Today cars are more comfortable and reliable.3.Electric vehicles can only travel about 50 miles before recharging the battery..4.The world's first auto group, GM, was founded.Unit 2 Crankshaft and Connecting Rod MechanismPhrases and words translation1.发动机2.曲轴箱3.气缸4.活塞5.连杆6.曲柄连杆机构7.机体；发动机组8.气缸体9.润滑油10.活塞环Translate the following sentences into English.1.The crank and connecting rod mechanism is mainly composed of the engine block assembly, the piston and connecting rod assembly, the crankshaft and flywheel assembly.2.The engine block assembly mainly consists of an engine block, a crankcase, an oil pan, cylinder sleeves, a cylinder head and cylinder head gasket.3.The piston and connecting rod assembly consists of pistons, piston rings, piston pins and connecting rods.4.The crankshaft and flywheel assembly mainly include a crankshaft, a flywheel, a torsional vibration damper, a pulley, a timing gear（timing chain）.5.Attached to the bottom of the engine block is the oil pan, which seals in the lubricating oil for the engine.6.In a reciprocating piston engine, the crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism is the main power mechanism. It's used to convert reciprocating linear piston motion into crankshaft rotating motion.7.The engine block is the linchpin of vehicles which run on internal combustion, providing the powerhouse for the vehicle.8.The crankshaft converts reciprocating motion of the pistons into a rotary motion in order to provide the turning motion for the wheels. The crankshaft is connected to the pistons by the connecting rods.Unit 3 Valve TrainTranslate the following sentences into Chinese1.配气机构的功用是按发动机每一气缸内所进行的工作循环或发火次序的要求，定时开启和关闭进、排气门，使新鲜可燃混合气（汽油机）或空气（柴油机）得以及时进入气缸，而废气及时从气缸排出。
汽车专业英语_8 CLUTCH
Chapter 8 CLUTCH
The positive engagement of the driving and driven members is made possible the friction between the surfaces of the members . When full spring pressure is applied , the speed of the driving and driven members should be the same . At the moment , the clutch must act as a coupling device and transmit all engine power to the transmission , without slipping . 译文：主动元件与从动元件机密结合就有可能在元件表面
The flywheel is a major part of the clutch . The flywheel mounts to the engine crankshaft and transmits engine torque to the clutch assembly . The flywheel , when coupled with the clutch disc and pressure plate makes and breaks the flow of power the engine to the transmission . 译文：飞轮是离合器的主要部件之一，安装在发动 机曲轴上，将发动机扭矩传给离合器盘。飞轮与离 合器盖，压盘相连接，就会产生或阻断传递给变速 器的引擎动力。
Chapter 8 CLUTCH
汽车专业英语教程多媒体教学课件Unit 8 section 1
Unit 8 Automotive Chassis
汽车底盘
The automotive chassis a framework used to assemble auto components on it， it is composed of power train system， running gear ， steering system and braking system．Its function is to accept motive power of engine ， and to make
2A3ssembly；上控制阀体总成 7—Control Valve Channel
Plate Assembly；控制阀体油
道盖2板4 总成
8—Control Solenoid Valve
Assembly；电磁控制阀总成
9—Manual Valve；手动阀
10—manual Shift Detent
6—Parking Brake；驻车制动器 7—Driveshaft；传动轴 8—Drive Axle；驱动桥 9—Rear Suspension；后悬架 10—Rear Wheel；后轮 11—Frame；车架 12—Steering Wheel；转向盘
Fig. 8-1
3 2 1
4 5
6
13
12
9—Hub；轮毂 10—Transfer case；分 动器
11—Transmission；变 速器
12—Driveshaft；传动轴 13—Front Drive Axle； 前驱动桥
14—Brake；制动器
Section 1 Power Train System
汽车专业英语教程多媒体教学课件Unit 8 section 2
行驶系
Automobile running gear is an assembly to bear and install various parts，
transmits and supports various loads in and below vehicle，so that guarantees normal running of vehicle．The running gear is constituted by frame （ automobile body），axle，suspension， vehicle wheel ， etc. as is shown in Figure 8-16．
4 5
6
Fig. 8-20
11，13—Side Member；纵粱 12，14—Cross Member；横梁
Ladder-Type Frame 12 11
13 14 X Frame
Platform Type Frame
Backbone-Type Frame
Fig. 8-20
There are two basic types of axle：dead axles and live axle．The dead axle does not rotate，the wheel rotates on it．Fig. 8-
14—Steering Arm；转 向节臂
15—U-Bolt； U形螺栓
5 4
3
2 1
Fig. 8-18
6
7 8 9 10
1—Stabilizer Bar；横向稳 定杆
2—Lower Arm；下横臂 3—Front Suspension；前 悬架
汽车专业英语
Figure 8-4
The pitman arm is connected to one end of the track rod. In the other end of the track rod is an idler arm. Between the idler and pitman arms, the track rod is supported in the proper position to keep the left and right wheels working together.
Unit8 Automotive Steering System
Part I Technical and Practical Reading
Passage A Types of Steering System
The steering system is a major part of the car. A good steering system makes driving much more pleasurable, comfortable and safer. The steering system, including steering wheel, steering gears, linkages and other components, is used to control the direction of a car’s motion.
Rack and Pinion Steering
Many modern cars use rack and pinion steering mechanisms. The advantage of rack and pinion steering is relatively simple and the cost is low. And it has a much better direct steering feel for the driver. By reducing the number of parts and pivot points, it can more accurately control wheel direction, making the steering more responsive. See figure 8-6.
汽车专业英语图解教程 unit8-unit13
(a)
(b)
(c)
图8.7 Head for pintle type nozzle valve轴针式喷油嘴针阀头部形状
a）inverted cone倒锥 b）cylinder圆柱 c）顺锥
图8.8 Delivery valve 出油阀偶 件
1.outtlet valve seat出油阀座;2. delivery valve出油阀;3. seal cone 密封锥面; 4.bleed ring减压环带 5.cross-shape slotting十字切槽
图8.11 SA- timing advancer SA型喷油提前器
a) advance unit提前器结构 b) initial position起 始位置 c) ultimate position 终了位置
1.shield cover防护罩; 2.advancer spring提前器 弹簧; 3.driving pin传动销; 4.actuating disc主动 盘; 5.drive pawl传动爪; 6. actuating disc flange 主动盘凸缘;7. driving pin传动销 ; 8. flyweight novikov surface飞锤圆弧面;9. flyweight飞锤; 10.injection pump camshaft喷油泵凸轮轴; 11.flyweight pin飞锤销; 12. Driven disc从动盘
1.fuel inlet 进油口; 2 pressure － regulator vavle.调压阀; 3. spped governor shaft调速器轴; 4. speed governor sleeve调速套筒; 5. fuel drain hole泄油量孔; 6. fuel control sleeve油量调节套筒; 7. pump housing泵体; 8.injection advancer piston喷油提前器活塞; 9. spring弹簧; 10. sliding vane feed pump滑片式输 油泵
汽车专业英语 PPT-Unit8
Part One Warming ups of auto repair and detect and make a match．
1．A car was hung in the repair shop, maybe there is something wrong with the chassis． ( C )
2．This is an auto emergency kit, and we can see many tools such as wench, screwdriver． ( F )
√ thousand, million) were ever made．
Part Two Listening
Task 1 :
Listen to a challenging passage and decode the message by finding out the correct choices in the brackets according to what you have heard．
wax hood injector sound decision face with broken down tip consult organization inquire resolution
v． 给……上蜡 n． 汽车发动机罩 n． 喷油器, 喷射器 adj．合理的; 可靠的; 健全的, 健康的 n． 决定, 决心; 决议
A. diagnostic tester B. program card slot C. engine performances analyzer D. auto multi-meter E. oxygen sensor F. test cable G. auto faults decoder H. four-channel oscilloscope I. auto diagnostic computer J. temperature sensor
汽车专业英语试题及答案
汽车专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a component of an internal combustion engine?A. CylinderB. PistonC. Spark plugD. AlternatorAnswer: D2. What is the primary function of a carburetor in a vehicle?A. To cool the engineB. To mix fuel and airC. To ignite the fuelD. To lubricate the engineAnswer: B3. What does the acronym ABS stand for in automotive technology?A. Anti-lock Braking SystemB. Automatic Brake SystemC. Advanced Braking SystemD. Auxiliary Braking SystemAnswer: A4. In a four-stroke engine, what is the term for the process where the piston moves down the cylinder to draw in air and fuel?A. Compression strokeB. Exhaust strokeC. Intake strokeD. Power strokeAnswer: C5. What is the purpose of a transmission in a vehicle?A. To generate electricityB. To control the speed and torqueC. To cool the engineD. To increase fuel efficiencyAnswer: B6. What is the term used to describe the ratio of the number of rotations of the drive wheels to the number of rotations of the engine?A. Gear ratioB. Speed ratioC. Drive ratioD. Torque ratioAnswer: B7. Which of the following is NOT a type of suspension system used in vehicles?A. Independent suspensionB. Dependent suspensionC. Semi-independent suspensionD. Non-suspensionAnswer: D8. What does the acronym HVAC stand for in a vehicle's climate control system?A. Heating, Ventilation, and CoolingB. High Voltage, Air ConditioningC. Hot Water, Ventilation, and CoolingD. Heavy Vehicle, Air ConditioningAnswer: A9. What is the main purpose of a catalytic converter in a vehicle's exhaust system?A. To reduce noiseB. To increase fuel efficiencyC. To reduce harmful emissionsD. To improve engine performanceAnswer: C10. What is the term for the system that helps a vehicle to stop by converting kinetic energy into thermal energy?A. Power steering systemB. Braking systemC. Suspension systemD. Engine cooling systemAnswer: B二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. The main components of an engine include the _______,_______, _______, and _______.Answer: block, head, crankshaft, camshaft2. In a vehicle, the _______ is responsible for converting the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion. Answer: crankshaft3. The _______ is a safety feature that prevents the wheels from locking up during hard braking, allowing the driver to maintain steering control.Answer: ABS4. The _______ is the system in a vehicle that provides power to the electrical components when the engine is not running. Answer: alternator5. The _______ is a type of suspension system where each wheel moves independently of the others, allowing for better handling and ride comfort.Answer: independent suspension6. The _______ is the part of the engine that controls the flow of air and fuel into the combustion chamber.Answer: intake manifold7. The _______ is the process by which a vehicle's engine converts the heat energy from combustion into mechanicalenergy.Answer: power stroke8. The _______ is the system in a vehicle that controls the temperature and quality of the air inside the cabin. Answer: HVAC9. The _______ is a device that reduces the amount of harmful gases and particulates released into the atmosphere by the vehicle's exhaust.Answer: catalytic converter10. The _______ is the system that allows a vehicle to change gears, adjusting the engine's speed and torque to match driving conditions.Answer: transmission三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the function of a radiator in a vehicle.Answer: A radiator in a vehicle is responsible for cooling the engine by dissipating the heat generated during combustion. It circulates coolant through a network of tubes and fins, allowing the coolant to absorb heat from the engine and then release it into the atmosphere, thus maintaining the engine at an optimal operating temperature.2. Describe the role of a differential in a vehicle's drivetrain.Answer: The differential is a gearbox located between the transmission and the drive wheels. Its primary role is to allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds when thevehicle is turning, as the outer wheel travels a greater distance than the inner wheel. This ensures that the wheels maintain traction and reduces wear on the tires, while also providing a smoother ride. Additionally, the differential can distribute torque between the wheels, which can be beneficial in situations where one wheel may lose traction,。
《汽车专业英语》习题答案机工版
Unit 1 Development History of AutomobileExercises1. Questions to the Text.1) How many stages have the birth of the car experienced?The birth of the car have experienced three stages.2) Who invented the internal combustion engine?In 1866, Count Nicholas Otto put forward the famous working cycle theory of internal combustion engine, namely "Otto cycle".3) Which country is the birthplace of modern cars?Germany is the birthplace of modern cars.4) What is the new direction for the development of automotive applications?New energy, especially electric energy, has become the most likely application development direction of automotive industry in recent years.2. Translate the Following Words into Chinese.1) ve hicle 汽车2) environment 环境3) standardized 标准化4) enterprise 公司5) monopoly垄断6) electric energy电能3. Translate the Following Sentences into Chinese.1) In 21 Century, human beings are facing more serious problems such as resource shortage, energy shortage, and environmental pollution and so on. Energy conservation, environmental protection and safety have become the eternal theme of the development of the automobile industry.进入21世纪，人类面临着资源短缺、能源短缺、环境污染等更为严重的问题。
《汽车实用英语》第一单元到第八单元课文习题答案
课程：学年第_ _学期第周月日教学内容备注Unit 1 Development of the AutomobileSection I T alking Face to FaceThe topic area of Talking Face to Face in this unit is to recommend goods or products. The focusis therefore on the patterns that are proper in making and answering inquiries, esp. those about cars orhome appliance.Explanation of difficult expressions:1.at the 4s Store: 4s店是一种以“四位一体”为核心的汽车特许经营模式，包括整车销售（sale）、零配件销售（spare parts）、售后服务（service）、信息反馈（survey）等。
2.Is it for personal or business use? 是私用还是商用？3.With pleasure. Why not go to the showroom? I’ll show you around. We have many models displayed.很乐意。
我们到展厅去好吗？我可以带你看一看，那儿陈列有我们很多车型。
Why not do …? 表示建议某人去做某事。
show sb around 带某人参观display vt. 陈列、展览4.I think there is one type that suits you. 我想总有一款适合你。
5.Sir, how about this one? This car has excellent safety features, like the dual air bags and ABS brakes.Compared to the old types, this type has got improved in exterior design and tint. It offers high levelof comfort and eye-catching styling. And some optional equipment is also offered. 先生，这辆怎么样？这辆车的安全性能是一流的，有两个安全气囊和ABS刹车。
汽车专业英语Unit8
电动助力转向最早应用在微型汽车上，1988年2月日本铃木公司首次在其Cervo车上 装备，目前电动助力转向系统主要应用在轿车上，并逐渐从微型轿车向更大型轿车和 商务车发展]。其优点有： 1 EPS能在各种行驶工况下提供最佳助力，减小由路面不平所引起的对转向系统 的扰动，改善汽车的转向特性，减轻汽车低速行驶时的转向操纵力，提高汽车高速行 驶时的转向稳定性，进而提高汽车的主动安全性。并且可通过设置不同的转向手力特 性来满足不同使用对象的需要。 2 EPS只在转向时电动机才提供助力(不像HPS，即使在不转向时，油泵也一直运 转)，因而能减少燃料消耗。 3 由于直接由电动机提供助力，电动机由蓄电池供电，因此EPS能否助力与发动 机是否起动无关，即使在发动机熄火或出现故障时也能提供助力。 4 EPS取消了油泵、皮带、皮带轮、液压软管、液压油及密封件等，其零件比 HPS大大减少，因而其质量更轻、结构更紧凑，在安装位置选择方面也更容易，并且 能降低噪声。 5 EPS没有液压回路，比HPS更易调整和检测，装配自动化程度更高，并且可以 通过设置不同的程序，快速与不同车型匹配，因而能缩短生产和开发周期。 6 EPS不存在渗油问题，消除了液压助力中液压油泄漏问题，可大大降低保修成 本，减小对环境的污染，改善了环保性。 7 EPS比HPS具有更好的低温工作性能。 电动助力转向目前已成为世界汽车技术发展的研究热点之一。
1.方向盘 2.转向轴 3.转向中间轴 4.转 向油管 5.转向油泵 6.转向油罐 7.转向节臂 8.转向 横拉杆 9.转向摇臂 10.整体式转向器 11.转向直拉杆 12. 转向减振器
虽然传统转向系统工作最可靠，但是也存在很多固有的缺 点，传统转向系统由于方向盘和转向车轮之间的机械连接 而产生一些自身无法避免的缺陷：①汽车的转向特性受驾 驶员驾驶技术的影响严重；②转向传动比固定，使汽车转 向响应特性随车速、侧向加速度等变化而变化，驾驶员必 须提前针对汽车转向特性幅值和相位的变化进行一定的操 作补偿，从而控制汽车按其意愿行驶。这就变相地增加了 驾驶员的操纵负担，使汽车转向行驶存在很大的不安全隐 患；③液压助力转向系统经济性差，一般轿车每行驶一百 公里要多消耗0.3~0.4升的燃料；另外，存在液压油泄漏 问题，对环境造成污染，在环保性能被日益强调的今天， 无疑是一个明显的劣势。
汽车专业英语习题答案
Unit 1EXERCISE 21.内燃机2. a reciprocating engine3. 废气排放4. fuel consumption5. 燃油经济性6. combustion chamber7. 混合动力汽车8. mass production9. 双燃料汽车 10. air-cooled engineEXERCISE 31. A diesel engine2. internal combustion engine3. diesel engines4. converts … into5. in a reciprocating engine6. engine7. four strokes cycle8. electric motorEXERCISE 51. diesel engines, in many aspects/respects/ways, work in the same way as gasoline engines2. makes the car and the truck move3. every time it was required to stop the car4. Some of parts make the car more comfortable or better looking5. if allowed to remain in the engineEXERCISE 61. years2. solve3. basically4. exhaust pipe5. without6. benefited7. based on8. in the 80’s9. runs out 10. the right side EXERCISE 81. 代用燃料汽车2. 高科技汽车3. 混合动力电动汽车4. 在节气门上方5. 发动机控制系统6. 发动机控制模块EXERCISE 91. 1）that is stopping oil from circulating 2）The engine’s valve lifters are collapsed2. 1）The engine may have mechanical problems2）The engine’s piston rings may be wornUnit 2EXERCISE 21.汽油(发动)机2. in low-speed driving conditions3. 达到各种不同的目的4. higher energy density5. 电动机6. air conditioning7. 反馈制动8. power source9.资源消耗 10. dashboard displayEXERCISE 31.co nverts…into2. shut off3. hybrid electric vehicles4. transmission5. slow down6. generator7. the most efficient operation8. current standard vehiclesEXERCISE 51. reflect the spirit of the time2. electric motors, steam engines and internal combustion engines3. a speed and power changing device4. reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhausted emissions, and reducing engine noise5. are increasingly becoming more prevalentEXERCISE 6rear wheel drive 4. at an average speed 5. currently 6. based on 7. camshafts 8. Due to1. W12 engines2. three cylinders3. 3. rear wheel driveEXERCISE 81.可变气门相位和升程电子控制装置2.上止点3.每分钟转数4.单顶置凸轮5. 双顶置凸轮6. 下止点7.前置发动机前轮驱动8. 混合动力汽车 EXERCISE 91.1） the same air pressure 2）linkage2.1）out of alignment 2）out of adjustmentUnit 3EXERCISE 21. 气门机构2. pushrod engine3. 气门弹簧4. timing chain5. 气门锥面6. steel alloy7. 气门座8. timing belt9. 挺柱 10. at high engine speed EXERCISE 31. valve2. valve train3.intake and exhaust ports4. valve face5. push rods6. rocker arm7. camshaft8. valve springEXERCISE 51. transmit the force from the camshaft to the pushrods2. the intake valves heat less during engine operation3. the valve spring provides the force necessary to close the valve4. the valve train should undergo regular maintenance5. the more power strokes produced for each revolutionEXERCISE 61. engine operation2. valve rotator3. grooves4. freely5. which6. is compressed7. causes8. against9. roll down 10. the valveEXERCISE 81. 顶置双凸轮轴2. 顶置单凸轮轴3. 顶置气门4. 电子控制装置5. 三菱新气门相位和升程电子控制装置6. 智能可变气门相位7. 智能可变气门相位和升程电子控制装置8. 可变气门升程EXERCISE 91. 1）out of alignment 2）tires2. 1）low 2） the transmissionUnit 4EXERCISE 21. 一次电路2. ignition system3. 磁力场4. spark plug wire5. 曲轴正时传感器6. distributor cap7. 点火线圈一次绕组8. control module9. 分电器触点 10. breaker pointEXERCISE 31. spark plug2. ignition system3. ignition coil4. ignition switch5. An electronic ignition system6. the secondary windings7. battery8. primary windingsEXERCISE 51. changes electron flow into light and the horn into sound2. every vehicle has its own ignition system and is started by it3. consists of these parts like spark plugs, wiring, distributor, ignition coil, andsource of electrical current4. it would soon become discharged5. The mixture comes to exploding burningEXERCISE 61. an automotive starter2. connects3. ignition switch4. simultaneously5. magnetic fields6. Immediately7. connecting plate8. So9. meanwhile 10. keep onEXERCISE 81. 传统点火系统2. 电子点火系统3. 点火4. 点火上止点5. 直接点火6. 无分电器点火EXERCISE 91. 1）wheel lug nuts 2）worn or damaged2.1）the correct pressure 2）needs to be replacedUnit 5EXERCISE 21.手动变速器2. automatic transmission3. 行星齿轮组4. transaxle assembly5. 差速器6. clutch pedal7. 变速杆8. release bearing9. 发动机制动 10. torque converterEXERCISE 3manual transmissions 2. a torque converter 3. the power train 4. the drive shaft 5. The clutch 6. the flywheel 7.the clutch pedal 8. clutch release bearing1.1.manual transmissionsEXERCISE 51. from the engine through the power train to the car2. If your car transmission needs repairs or replacement3. the gear ratio would be similar to third gear4. does not require any regular maintenance or adjustments5. depending on the type of drive usedEXERCISE 61. automatically2. depressing3. An automatic transmission4. other operating conditions5. down-shifts6. manually7. Depending on8. during9. consists of 10. reaction membersEXERCISE 81. 前轮驱动2. 后轮驱动3. 四轮驱动4. 动力输5. 传动系控制模块6. 动力分配装置EXERCISE 91. 1）an internal problem in transmission 2）out of adjustment or damaged2.1）internal transmission problems 2）the vacuum line is disconnected Unit 6EXERCISE 21. 制动系统2. the parking brake3.行车制动系统4. the disk brake5. 手制动6.the brake shoe7. 鼓式制动器8. brake pads9. 制动性能 10. brake fluid EXERCISE 31. breaking system2. Brake fluid3. the brake pedal4. slowing down5. friction6. the service brake7. The brake lining8. The brake drumEXERCISE 51. is actually a friction device to change power into heat2. the mechanical brakes and the hydraulic brakes3. the automobile brake system4. The tops of shoes are held apart by a wheel cylinder5. to prevent rust and corrosionEXERCISE 61. a valve2. chambers3. the brake pedal4. the power assist5. reliable6. however7. In order to8. shuts off9. after that 10. much pressureEXERCISE 81.制动力2. 制动调节阀3. 制动块4. 制动功率5. 平均有效制动压力6. 制动主缸EXERCISE 91. 1）in the hydraulic circuit 2）dangerously worn 3）the wrong type of fluid2. 1）lubrication badly 2）inside your rear brakesEXERCISE 21. 悬架系统2. front suspension system3. 空气压缩机4. torque tube5. 桥壳定位6. coil spring7. 下控制臂8. rebound clip9. 牵引杆 10. control armEXERCISE 31. leaf springs2. suspension3. Shock absorber4. springs5. coil springs6. pivot from side to side7. torsion bars8. rebound clips EXERCISE 51. springs are the major component2. one of the major automobile system3. the use of suspension system has increased strength and durability of components4. transmits the weight of the body and other components to the axles and wheels5. having a piston force fluid through a small openingEXERCISE 61. the rear axle2. front3. independently4. the latter5. Dependent front suspensions6. Basically7. a solid bar8. mainstream cars 9. move 10. especiallyEXERCISE 81. 悬架2. 车架高度3. 前桥4. 后桥5. 钢板弹簧6. 扭杆弹簧EXERCISE 91. 1）should be replaced with the correct type 2）the wrong type of fluid was put in your car2. 1）pump is bad 2）be lubricated or repairedUnit 8EXERCISE 21. 齿轮齿条转向2. steering shaft3. 循环球转向4. steering wheel5. 横拉杆内接头6. steering arm7. 横拉杆外接头8. steering gear9. 机械效益 10. steering systemEXERCISE 31.influence upon2. steering gear3.steering wheel4.consists of5. ball nut6. move up and down7. rack-and-pinion steering8. steering arms EXERCISE 51. steering wheel, steering gears, linkages, and other components2. causes the pitman shaft and arm to rotate3. prevent side-slip of all automobile wheels in cornering4. steering gear plays a important role5. manual steering system and power steering systemEXERCISE 61. fluid2. manual steering gear3. larger4. a high pressure5. special oil6. same7. steering arms8. includes9. the other end 10. the intermediate rodEXERCISE 81. 汽车稳定性控制2. 全球公认的杰作3. 防抱死制动系统4. 防抱死制动系统控制模块5.(防抱死制动系统)转速脉冲传感器6. 动力转向控制装置7. 动力转向8. 多用途赛车，运动型多用途车EXERCISE 91. 1）be lubricated 2）be adjusted 3）the power steering unit2. 1）bad 2）leak 3）incorrectUnit 9EXERCISE 21. 润滑系统2. moving component3. 循环机油4. compression pressure5. 集滤器6. pressure-regulator valve7. 旁通阀8. oil filter9. 循环流体10. operating temperatureEXERCISE 31. moving parts2. oil pump3. oil pan4. lubricate5. oil filter6. friction7. drain8. passagesEXERCISE 51. The engine can work effectively2. an automobile could not run itself3. contains mechanical parts such as the oil pump, the oil filter, the oil pressurerelief valve, etc.4. it absorbs and carries the heat away from the engine parts5. forms a good seal between piston rings and cylinder wallsEXERCISE 61. build up2. pumps3. camshaft4. suffer from5. replacement6. oil pressure7. filters8. However9. possibility 10. greatly EXERCISE 81. 冷却液温度控制2. 润滑油3. 润滑油泵4. 长效冷却液5. 机油润滑轴承6. 换油期限EXERCISE 91）the radiator coolant reservoir is a plastic tank near radiator2）if the level is low, remove the top of the reservoir and add coolant3）don't try to remove the radiator cap when the engine is hotUnit 10EXERCISE 21. 安全气囊模块2. gas generator3. 散热器支架4. peak load5. 固态化学气体6. trim cover7. 保护板8. airbag sensor9. 中央气囊传感器总成 10. deployment of airbagsEXERCISE 31. the air bag system2. the sensor3. The inflator4. Seatbelts5. pretensioner6. collision7. a high strength fiber8. injury EXERCISE 5automotive designs that reflect the feature of the timea center airbag sensor, safe sensors, ignition control and drive circuit, diagnosis circuit, etc.All connectors in the airbag system are colored yellowto ensure high reliabilityto be met the new SRS airbag system of the vehicleEXERCISE 61. one place2. specific model3. figuring out4. familiar with5. in the system6. the heat7. expansion valve8. adds heatEXERCISE 81. (乘员保护装置) 辅助约束系统2. 空气流量传感器3. (乘员) 安全气囊式约束装置4. 防抱死制动系统5. 电动空气调节阀6. 辅助空气调节 EXERCISE 91） bad 2）leak 3）incorrect三、段落翻译复习范围：Unit 1 Passage A: 第一段，第三段； Unit 2 Passage A: 第一段，第二段；Unit 3 Passage A: 第二段，第五段； Unit 4 Passage A: 第一段（包括后面的1,2,3），最后一段；Unit 5 Passage A: 第一段，第六段；Unit 6 Passage A: 第一、二段，最后一段； Unit 7 Passage A: 第一段，第四段；Unit 8 Passage A: 第一段，第七段（包括后面的1, 2，On most cars,……）；Unit 9 Passage A: 第一段，第五段； Unit 10 Passage A: 第一段，第二段。
汽车英语Unit 8
Unit 8 Repair and Maintenance
Hot Tip
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Presentation
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Passage 1
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Passage 2
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Writing
Speaking Translation LaEnxgtueangseioLnab
Unit 8 Repair and Maintenance
Passage 1
Hot Tip Engine Troubleshooting
When troubleshooting the cause for overheating and consequent loss of coolant, the 1st step is to make careful visual inspection to see if there is any evidence of external leakage. All surfaces of the radiator and its hose connections should be carefully inspected. Leaks generally cause corrosion, which is easily seen. The visual inspection also must include the cooling fan and its drive belt. It is not too unusual for cracks to form in the engine water jacket. When cracks occur, the condition is usually indicated by extreme overheating. The crack is often difficult to locate, because it is not always visible to the naked eye. The condition is also complicated by the fact that the crack usually will close when the engine is cold, and open only when the engine is at operating temperature.
汽车专业英语教程多媒体教学课件Unit 8 section 3
目前使用的转
向机构有以下几 种：“齿轮齿条 式”转向器是大 部分生产厂家采 用的形式；“循 环球式”是过去 最受欢迎的形式， 依靠循环球在蜗 杆和滚道间滚动； 另一种在进口车 中曾经流行的形 式是“蜗轮齿扇 式”；其他传动 机构有“曲柄指 销式”和“蜗轮 蜗杆式”。
In automobile steering system，the ste-
On most cars，it takes three to four
complete revolutions of the steering
wheel to make the wheels turn from lock to lock．The steering ratio is the
汽车转向系统
可按转向的能源 不同分为手动转 向系统和动力转 向系统两类。手 动转向系统是依 靠驾驶员操纵转 向盘的转向力来 实现车轮转向的， 主要由转向操纵 机构（包括转向 盘、转向轴等）、 转向器、转向传 动机构（包括转 向横拉杆、转向 节臂、转向节、 转向轮等）组成， 如图8-25所示。
Under the control of the driver ， the
Fig. 8-28
转向柱总成
The function of steering gear is that
converts the rotational motion of the
steering wheel into the linear motion needed to turn the wheels，and provides a gear reduction，making it easier to turn the wheels．
steering wheel gear assembly in basic of manual steering system（see Figure 8-26）．The power steering system is used in general in current automobile．