雅思 全套新东方ielts笔记 最新新东方听力笔记 ★【汉魅】
新航道雅思词汇课笔记整理
新航道雅思词汇课笔记整理第一篇：新航道雅思词汇课笔记整理body-builder 锻炼身体的人/siesta-taker 午睡的人/weight-loser 减肥的人 overweight a.超重的keep/maintain a healthy lifestyle vegetarian a./n.素食者(的)/vegetarian diet 素食/vegetarianism 素食主义have a flexible diet 不挑食/flexible 灵活的柔韧的 junk food 垃圾食品/greasy 油腻的hour-glass figure 沙漏形身材魔鬼身材/pear-shaped slim/slender 苗条的 skinny/boney 骨感的 plump 丰满的 fat/stout 肥胖的 strong/stocky 健壮的 medium-built 中等的 height/weight of medium tight 紧/loose 松formal 正式的/casual 休闲的checked/spotted/stripped shirt 格子/波点/条纹衬衫straight 直发的/crew cut 平头/bald a./v.秃头的 curly/wavy 卷发的 pony tail/pigtail 马尾辫mustache 嘴上胡子/beard 下巴胡子/side burns 络腮胡thin/thick eyebrow 淡/浓眉毛thin/full lips 薄/饱满的嘴唇/zip your lips = shut up chin 下巴/hook nose 鹰钩鼻dimple 酒窝/pimple 疙瘩/freckle 雀斑/scar 疤痕 oval 椭圆脸鹅蛋脸/square 方形的脸/heart-shaped 瓜子脸physical 身体的the physically-challenged 残疾人/the senior 老年人physician/internist 内科医生 pharmacy 药店药剂学 photographer 摄影师 pain/ache/sore throat 喉咙痛pill 药丸/tablet 药片/capsule 胶囊/syrup 糖浆口服液/herb 中药 injection n.注射infect v.感染传染/infected/disinfect v.消毒vaccine 疫苗/immune/immunity dose/dosage 剂量emergency room 急诊室/operate/operation 手术/cooperate surgeon 外科医生/practitioner 全科医生/intern 实习医生/dentist 牙医pregnant women 孕妇/pregnancy/abortion 人工流产堕胎/miscarriage 自然流产shabby 下流的衣衫褴褛的/illusion n.错觉假象/disillusion 觉醒觉悟/ambition 抱负mental 精神的/psychal 精神的心理的mental illness/task sentimental 多愁善感的detrimental 有毒有害的/poisonous/toxic/noxious fundamental 基本的基本原则 a/n distress n/v sorrow n/sorrowful a anguish n/v 悲痛加愤怒 grief n/grieve vno pain, no gain gain/get/obtain/acquire/capture/receive/accept acquired 后天的/hereditary 先天的遗传的 mergers and acquisition 并购 M&A win-win situation 双赢capture/draw/attract one's attention harvest v 收割得到/frost 霜冻 fertilizer 肥料fertile 肥沃的/barren 贫瘠的不孕的 herbicide 除草剂/pesticide 杀虫剂/suicideblues/jazz/country/light/pop/rock/hiphop melody 旋律歌曲rhythm and blues rhythmic/rhythmical pose/create 作曲/composer 作曲家/composition 作品作文villa 别墅/bungalow 平房/mansion 大厦suburban a.郊区的n.郊区居民/downtown a.闹市区的urban/suburb n./rural areas tourist's attraction 旅游景点mountainous 多山的/time-honored 历史悠久的/multicultural 多元文化的 unlicensed tourist guide 黑导raise the public awareness of/public focus 公众话题superstition 迷信迷信行为carbon emission 碳排放oxygen/hydrogen/ozone layer 臭氧层ozone hole/acid rain/greenhouse effect/global warming pollutant 污染物contaminate v./contamination n.污染photochemical smog 光化学烟雾/release 释放电影放映 waste disposal(n.)dispose of the nuclear waste disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子industrial waste 工业废物/radioactive waste 放射性废物plastic bag/plastic surgery 整形手术sewage 下水道污水/bleacher 漂白剂/detergent 清洁剂去污剂lead poisoning 铅中毒 [e] lethal [i:]/fatal [ei] 致命的cancer-causing 致癌的sick-house syndrome 建筑物综合症environment protection/preservation/conservation 环保environment watchdog 环境监察团体oil spill n/v 溢出溅出/drilling 钻探/field 油田/reserves 储备/refinery 提炼 pipeline 输油管 synthetic fuel 合成燃料petroleum 石油/diesel 柴油/gasoline 汽油/kerosene 煤油clean/renewable/alternative 新能源替代能源/solar energy nuclear 核能/hydroelectric 水力/thermal power 火力 tidal power station 潮汐能发电站 generator 发电机 generate electricity 发电promote sustainable development-ics 学科physics/economics/politics/statistics linguistics 语言学mechanics 机械学ethics 道德伦理学/work-ethic 职业道德dynamics 动力学electronics 电子学 pharmaceutics 医药学 astrophysics 天体物理学-logy 学科psychology/biology/microbiology/ecology/zoology geology 地质学 astrology 占星学 sociology/social studies anthropology 人类学archeology 考古学/fossil 化石n/a meteorology 气象学entomology 昆虫学 bio-生命生物biosphere 生物圈/biochemistry 生化-phy 学科geography/oceanography demo… people graph… to writedemography 人口统计学/demographic a.cracy...政治democracy 民主/democratic a.autocracy 专政独裁aster/astro...天体星星 astronomy 天文学disaster 灾难/disastrous 灾难性的calamity/catastrophe 大灾难/catastrophic a.botany 植物学/botanical park 植物园micro-微观/macro-宏观 microbe 微生物microscope 显微镜/telescope 望远镜/stethoscope 听诊器macroeconomics 宏观经济学semi/hemi…halfsemiautomatic 半自动的/semitransparent 半透明的 semicircle n./semicircular a.半圆形/hemisphere n.半球semiconductor 半导体multi… 多个 multimedia 多媒体 multicolored 多彩的bi… 两个bilingual a/n 双语的/biweekly a/n 双周刊半月刊 bilateral 双边的/bisexual 双性的dia/di… 两个dialogue/diagnose v.诊断检查/diagnosis n.诊断结果/diabetes 糖尿病diameter 直径/radius 半径dilemma n.处境困境进退两难dioxide 二氧化物mono… 单个carbon dioxide 二氧化碳/carbon monoxide 一氧化碳monograph 专题论文专著/monopoly 垄断/monotone v.单调/monotonous a.monochrome film 黑白电影/chromosome 染色体a-否定sympathy 同情/apathy 冷漠漠然abolish 废除/deprive 剥夺使失去/eliminate 消除/eradicate 根除 account 帐户 n.saving 储蓄/deposit 定期/current 活期 account current price/previous price account for(v.)=take/make up 占比例ab-相反离开abnormal 反常的/abuse 滥用虐待辱骂 n/v absorb/absorption 吸收 abstract/abstraction 抽象absent a./v.缺席的/-ce n./-ation n./absentee 缺席者/absenteeism 矿工旷课abundant/affluent 丰富的abundance/affluence absurd a.荒唐的可笑的/absurdity n.abrupt a.突然的唐突的/bankrupt a.破产的/-cy/ corrupt a.腐败的/-ion interrupt v.打断/disrupt v.破裂瓦解/erupt v.爆发喷发/-ion anti-相反antibody 抗体/anti-clockwise 逆时针/antipathy n.反感antibacterial 抗菌的/bacteria/germ antioxidant 抗氧化剂/antibiotic 抗生素/antiseptic 防腐剂消毒液/antidote 解药解毒剂contra-by contrast 相比之下counter-countermeasure 对策 counterfeit 赝品伪造品dis-分开discard 丢弃/get rid of ［区分］throw up 呕吐 far outweigh its disadvantage(s)/shortcoming(s)/drawback(s)远远大于它的缺点distribute v.分配分发/distinguish v.区分辨别/distinct a.清晰的明显的截然不同的de-向下变慢decelerate v./deceleration n.减速despair n.绝望/desperate a.destroy/demolish 破坏毁坏/decode 解码破译il-, ir-, in-, im-literate/illiteracy 文盲 irresponsiblemal(e)-…badmalediction 诅咒/malfunction 故障/malnutrition 营养不良/malformation 畸形 maltreat v.虐待mis-misfortune 不幸non-nonalcoholic 无酒精的/nonstop 直达的 ob-, op-object v.反对 n.对象物体宾语 opposite a.对面的/地 n.对立面un-UFO unidentified flying object unavoidable/inescapable/inevitable 不可避免的 uneven 不均等的under-underestimate/overestimateunderproduction/overproduction underpass 地下通道/overpass 过街天桥auto…自己独自graph…to writebiography 传记/autobiography 自传 autograph 亲笔签名auto/automobile [i:]/vehicle 汽车automatic 自动的/office automation [ei] autonomy 自治权/autonomous region 自治区scribe, script… t o writescript error 脚本错误/scribble v/n 涂鸦乱写describe/description 描绘 inscribe/inscription 雕刻prescribe 开处方/prescription 药方处方transcribe 抄写/transcription/transcript n.抄本成绩单subscribe 订阅/subscriber 用户订阅人postscript 附言附注＝p.s.circum… 周围circumscribe v.划定划分/circumstance 环境境遇vis, vid… to seeinvisible/vision 视觉/visual 视觉的supervise v.监督监管/supervisor 监管者/supervisory 管理的监督的 monitor 监视器班长re… again revise v./revision n.修正修改provident 有远见的/improvident 目光短浅的＝shortsighted(近视的)commend v.赞扬/recommend v.推荐/-ation n.re… back refer 提及提到/reference 参考书 recede/return 后退re… against rebel v.反叛背叛/rebellious a.spect… to seecircumspect a.小心的谨慎的 prospect 前景intro… inintrospect v.内省自省反省/introspective a.introvert n.内向/extrovert 外向retro… backretrospect v.回顾回想per… through perspective n.透视观点看法suspect 怀疑/suspicion/suspicious spectacular a.壮观的waterfall/fountain 喷泉/hot spring spectacles /glasses 明镜/contact lenses 隐形眼镜 speculate v.投机/speculator 投机商投机者view… to seepreview/review/interviewaudi, audio… to hear a udible/inaudible auditory a.听觉的/audiovisual 视听的/auditory sense 听觉audit n/v 审计 vt.旁听/auditor 审计员旁听生/auditorium 礼堂讲堂dic, dict, log, logue… to speakpredict/addict 沉迷上瘾/contradict v.反驳/contradiction n.矛盾dialogue/monologue 独白/prologue 开场白/epilogue 结束语/catalogue 目录bene-good benefit from be beneficial to society/be good for sb/put sb in a favorable position benevolent a.慈善的仁义的/benevolence n.benediction 祝福祈祷（往好了说）by-副的byproduct 副产品/byroad 辅路/byway 偏僻小路bypass/detour v.绕行passerby 路人/pedestrian 行人(在人行道上走的)/bystander 旁观者看热闹的人co-, cor-, col-, com-, con-...together coexist v.共存/coexistent a./coexistence n.cohere v.粘着(在这哪也不去)coherent a.连贯的/coherence n.coincidence/coincide v.使一致巧合 corrupt a.腐败的/-ion n.collaborate v.协作协调/collaboration n./colleague community/effective communication 有效沟通 compare with/be comparison to 和…相比较comparatively/relatively 相比较而言地/absolutely 绝对地compete/competitor 对手/competitive 有竞争力的求胜心切的/competent 有能力的能胜任的compulsory education 义务教育compulsory/required courses 必修课optional/selective/elective courses 选修课comprehension/comprehend v./comprehensive 全面的广泛的综合的compensate v.补偿赔偿/compensation plex a./complicated 复杂的 compromise n/v 妥协让步 v.危及危害Lack of sleep can compromise the immune system;muddle your thinking.打乱搅乱 concentrate(on)/conclude From what has been discussed above, we draw the conclusion that …fer… to bringconfer v.协商商讨/conference 会议prefer/preference/preferential a.有优先权的 transfer n/v 换乘转帐转学 defer/delay/postpone 延迟拖延it… to go exit/go out transit 转移/transition n.过渡/ c ur… to go con… togetheroccur/recur 再发生/concur 同时发生concurrently 同时发生地/simultaneously/at the same time excursion 远足短途旅行gress, vade, vasion… to go progress 进步/regress v.倒退aggress v.进攻侵略/aggression/-ive invade v./invasion 入侵侵犯 evade/evasion 逃避逃脱/pervade 弥漫遍及cede, ceed, cess… to goconcede v.承认让步/concession n.accede to 进入同意加入/access n./accessible 可接近的可达到的outpace/exceed v./excess n.超越超过precede v.优于优先[i:]/precedent n.先例前例/unprecedented 史无前例的succeed/success/successful/succession 延续接替继承/successive 延续的recede v.倒退衰退/recession n.萧条 depress v 压使萧条使愁苦/depression n.萧条/obsession 强迫症vene, vent… to come prevent /-ion/-ive 预防的intervene v.干涉干预[i:]/intervention n.convene v.召集[i:]/convention 集会revenue 政府税收收入/avenue 大街大道/souvenir 纪念品小礼物 circumvent v.回避sta, sti, st, sist… to stand resist v.对抗/resistant a.water-resistant 防水的/reason-resistant 不讲理的/air resistance 空气阻力consist of 由…组成consistent a.一致的自始至终的/consistency 一致性insist on doing 坚持做（尤指想法上的）insist that …(should)+ v.认为…（虚拟语气）I insist that enough money should be collected to fund this project.persist in doing 坚持（顽固地）assist sb to do sty /assistant/financial assistance/ substance n.本质物质主体/substantial a.本质的install/installation 安装/installment n.分期付款/pay by installmente, ex… outerase v.擦掉消除/export n/v 输出出口/erupt 喷发 exotic a.异国风情的外来的 erode v.腐蚀侵蚀/erosion n.extra-外curriculum 总课程/curricular/extracurricular activities 课外活动extraordinary a.卓越的extravagance n.奢侈品/extravagant a./perfume 香水inter-在之间intervene v.干涉干预[i:]/intervention n.intersection/crossroad 十字路口pre-preface 序言前言/precondition 前提先决条件 pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见pro-project n.项目v.投影/projector 投影仪prosperous/flourishing/booming a.繁荣的prosper/flourish/boom v.prosperity/blossom n.sub-次于低于subtropical a.亚热带的/subordinate a.下属的 subsidiary a.附属的 n.子公司-ure injure/injury/uninjured/wound 枪伤n/v lure 引诱，诱惑premature 早熟/immature 不成熟的pure/purify/purified water endure(stand/bear/put up with/endure/tolerate)-ound bound 跳n/v 界限n/v 被束缚的a 必定的a(be bound to 一定要)hound 猎犬/compound 化合物/mound 小山/found/abound(in/with)富于v/pound/round 绕行/sound/wound/astound 使惊吓/profound 深入的深刻的深远的第二篇：新航道雅思策划新航道雅思英语讲座一、活动主题：大型雅思英语讲二、活动意义和目的：在如今就业压力与日俱增的大环境下，掌握好一门外语，多一张证书，就好比为以后的出路多增添了一枚筹码。
雅思听力-笔记
快速阅读：1.每天读1~2篇课文；2.十遍+；3.3、180+WPM听力短时记忆：1.雅思考细节（details），所以注意单句！！2.走神：不要边听边译！3.了解题干，寻找“答案”4.听到——马上写；听不到——放弃；听力训练：1.不玩着听；2.每次不要过长——每天不间断；3.不能看着原文听；(一)题型：常考题型：1.表格题：个人信息表有横纵抽表格※表格完成句子eg. blanket+ 名词复数/集合名词，people/crew/stuff!! 此时很可能加数字2.完成句子：单句填空；提纲填空；※总结填空：这种题比较难，选择“开始”&“结束”时的题多找3.问答题：4.选择题：单选：多选；1+2+3+4类题:需要边听边写能力!次常考题型：1.地图题：选字母/写地名※方向感：如果从上方开始，那么左右相反！！！2.搭配题：几个题干、几个选项/抽象思维不常考题型：1.判断改错题；2.图画题：识图能力3.图例题：4.推理题：以选择题的形式推断，eg. Lacation; relationship;综合题型：1.表格+判断改错；2.表格+多选3.表格+搭配(二)场景1.SURVIVAL场景1)住宿：hotel/motel/youth hostel2)家乡:where are you from? Where do you come from?Location;weather;products;people3)度假:where to go? Mountains,desertHow to go?4)活动:who? when? where? what?Welcome party; farewell party; midterm party; summer/winter2.ACADEMIC1)新生入学：registration过程2)图书馆：图书馆结构structure图书馆书目※1+2主要介绍性@ section 1& section 23.Section 3涉及：1)作业：2)研究：questionaire3)选课：optional、selective、elective、non-subject4.Section 4 讲课(三)评分标准1)拼写不能出现错误；2)答案要完整，在允许字数内不能丢掉出现的内容！！；eg.$£符号3)不能重复题干中已知；4)不要超过字数；连字符。
新东方TOEFL复习笔记（第一部分：听力）2
TOEFL听⼒选项原则（适⽤于PART A）1．迅速看选项，找出其中相同、相似、相关的东西，确定场景，预测内容。
2．排除不符合TOEFL思路的选项，排除不合逻辑、常识的选项，排除读起来拗⼝的选项。
3．注意选项中的主谓及标志词。
Δ主语（题）做题法：4个选项主语不⼀致的时候，只要找对与对话中的主语⼀致的，即为正确答案。
Δ标志词：如shuold表⽰“建议”，agree表⽰“同意”等等。
4．注意意思相反的两个选项，正确选项必居其⼀。
5．注意相似的两个选项6．注意有同义词的选项。
7．注意有反义词的选项。
8．注意有同形异义词的选项。
如：A. go to the park B. park the car park在对话中的含义不⼀样。
9．注意数字及数字所修饰的名词n.10．在⼩对话题中听见什么不选什么。
TOEFL段落题题⽬特征：对话2个，passage3个，⼀般⼀段4个问题。
开头⼀条，结尾⼀条，终结两条。
开头：IC句题：开头句型，开头语⽓和原词，重复率⾼的词：原词的数/概念的重复。
场景：who what where why中段：细节题结尾题TOEFL段落题解题思路：1．确定段落的主题（找相同相似相关的东西）2．反推段落的问题如果两个选项相似，正确答案必居其⼀段落第⼀条是n./名词性短语，则是IC题段落中间是n/名词性短语，只要⽂中提到，就是正确答案。
即：听到什么选什么。
TOEFL对话段落题的题型：1．所听即所选（93、5、36）2．重复原则，重复多的就是答案（93、5、37）3．强调原则，强调多的就是答案（93、5、38）4．建议原则，有建议的就是考点。
5．对话题结构特点：开头：打招呼后，信息作为开头。
结尾：最后⼀句。
TOEFL错题原因：慢热（听时不看） Part A⾛神（延长时间）连错（学会放弃）读题（先紧后松）⽼题重要题型：中间带but转折题：1．语⽓转折： 90.1.33/96.12.A142．表单词多种含义 89.8.24/96.10.A2对⼀般疑问句的回答:1．听清第⼆句开头的短结构 89、8、322．间接回答⼀定表⽰反对 96、10、A123．听不懂没关系（第⼆句长⽽绕），选⼀个否定答案就可以 96、8、30 4．第⼀句语调特征：最后为升调5．第⼆句习语。
新东方雅思网络课堂笔记
新东⽅雅思⽹络课堂笔记阅读⼀、基本技巧1、把⽂章标题读⼀遍。
2、看⼀下题⽬在哪⾥，有些题⽬在⽂章的前⾯，所有选项式List of Headings题⽬都在⽂章的前⾯。
3、在有限的时间内根据题⽬来做题。
根据题⽬来做题时，先看各段⾸句和末句，找出题⽬所在的段落。
4、学术类⽂章段落的⾸句写重点句，末句写总结句。
5、正式考试时，所有题⽬中的单词都是四级词汇，专有名词除外。
6、对于Yes/No/Not given题型，每⼀道题都有考点词和定位词。
注意：考点词判定题⽬的正确性，定位词判断在原⽂的位置。
7、i.e.(that is)的前⾯⼀定是某个主概念，后⾯⼀定是分⽀概念。
8、对于Yes/No/Not given题型，only⼀般为考点词，其答案⼤多数是No，少部分是Notgiven。
9、阅读的速度必须加快，才能提⾼听⼒。
⼆、Summary题型1、填空式Summary，考⽂章中的3～4个⾃然段。
2、选项式Summary，考全⽂总结，其特点为：（1）句⼦短⼩，2～3个句⼦。
（2）空格在2～3个空。
（3）句意简洁明了。
3、空格概率：名词 > 数字 > 时间 > 动词 > 形容词。
如果⼀个空格，既能填动词，⼜能填形容词，⾸先考虑动词。
定冠词和不定冠词不作为词量限制之列，但必须写在空格中，并以括号括之以维持语法精确性。
填空式Summary做题步骤：1、⾸先，确定Summary⽂章在原⽂中的⽅位。
⽅法：（1）看题⽬要求；（2）根据Summary⽂章的⾸末句来判断。
2、确定每个空格的可能语法属性。
3、根据空格前后的信息回原⽂定位寻找。
（1）Summary⽂章的以下部分，在原⽂中不会改变，可作为定位的重要依据。
如：句⼦主语、专有名词、时间状语、地点、⼈名、数字、百分⽐、温度、⾦钱符号、特殊印刷体、特殊标点符号（括号，引号）。
（2）如果是动词+名词，名词是空格，则应该回原⽂定位该动词。
（3）如果是动词+介词+名词，名词是空格，应该回原⽂定位该介词。
IBT网络课堂听力讲义(整理加笔记)
新东方在线网络课程教材TOEFL-IBT听力主讲：金鑫考试时间：60或90若听力是2个section 时间小于60min，题目为34个若听力加考的话，3个section 时间小于90min，题目51个Section = 1 conversation（非学术性内容）+ 2 lecture （学术性内容）（4-6 min，每个对话）Conversation 5个题，lecture 6个题，总17个题听清对话—笔记—解题美音的语速很快，有些语音听不到，要对语音信号有反应。
句子：①连读：Ⅰ：辅音＋元音（如果前一辅音以辅音结尾，后一个以元音开头，连读）在美音的发音里面爆破音t经常被发成d，所以读音中听见是很正常的。
（water可以读成“wader”，matter可以读成“madder”）ru n^ou t^of fi t^ i t^ i n in-side out cal l^ i t ^a ^day:到此为止M: Are you ready to go jogging?W: Almost. I have to warm up first.Q: What does the woman mean?Ⅱ：元音＋元音前一个单词音以[i]或者[i:]结尾+后一个单词以元音开头，也要连读，在两个元音之间多加一个流音：/ j /，/ w /前一个单词以[i] [i:]结尾，后面加元音的话，加流音/ j /，因为当我们发/ j / （ye）时，它的前一个步骤是发[i]的音的，就可以顺利成章的连读了。
/ i / +/ j / + 元音I am / aijæm /前一个单词以[u] [u:]结尾，后面加元音的话，加流音/w /，因为当我们发/w /时，它的前一个步骤是发[u]的音的，就可以顺利成章的连读了。
/ u / + / w / + 元音you are / juwar /四组固定变音：前一个结尾d+j前一个结尾→d3 （zhi）woul d^ y ou，coul d ^y ou前一个结尾t+j前一个结尾→ch（chi）abou t^ y ou; last^ y ear前一个结尾s+j前一个结尾→sh（shi，xi）mis s^ y ou: thi s ^y ear前一个结尾z+j前一个结尾→3（ri）does your前三个一定要记住，最后一个不常见。
雅思听力复习笔记
Type of gear: 自动的：
手动的：
Color: sky blue, light blue, royal blue, metallic grey
Pay/payment by: credit card --cheque/check—cash--loan/credit –installment—bank tansfer
3 : 0 读作 three nil；
0: 2 读作： nil two
10. Address:
构成：门牌号（A），街道名（B），街道(C) [ , 城市名](D)
A：考查方式：2 种
（1）
纯数字：（辨别数字）
（2）
数字+字母：（辨别字母和数字）字母大写
B: 考查方式：2 种
1. 给出拼写：(似人名)—(辨别字母)
北京环球雅思 Nicole 听力补充材料
雅思听力必备考点：
A. Basic information:
概述：国家(country)，国籍(nationality)，城市（city），学科（faculty/major/subject______），语言(language)，人名
(name________)，地址(address:_______)，日期（date），电话号码(telephone No.)，传真号码(Fax No.)，邮编(post-code
Account number/credit card number
注意与字母混合用法:
Passport number/ driver’s license number
License plate=registration number/membership number/medical card number/ flight number/ serial number （序列号）
高分笔记 雅思听力(新东方版本)
雅思听力讲义第一讲雅思听力应注意的问题1,学习英语的基本方法2,考试与技巧3,计划4,机经1, 如何习得英语▪学习英语的5个方面:▪听,说,读,写,译.▪其中读和听是基础,而读是最基础的,是习得的主要方法2,四门考试之间的关系听,读---被动说,写---主动听,读---平均分比说,写---高半分▪SOUNDS-SYLLABLES-WORDS-PHRASES-SENTENCES-PARAGRAPHS-PASSAGES▪语音-词汇-语法-记忆-走神▪同时,听懂的过程正好是说的逆过程3,问题及解决问题方法1,语音:1)48个基本音素英语与汉语发音的不同/元音/辅音/易混音2)吞音和连读相邻辅音,前者有口型不送气/例外一般连读/辅音连读/元音连读/例外3)口音和语调英音/美音/澳音/杂音句子重音/单词重音/结构与节奏1),2),3)问题的解决方案纠音:1,学过的配有磁带的3-5篇课文2,录下自己的声音,与磁带反复对比,模仿3,同性的声音4)读音规则一个字母组合发不同的音不同的字母组合发同一个音读音规则问题的解决方案1, 找到读音规则2, 多举不同的例子2,词汇:1)内涵和外延不要只记一个意思,否则在其它地方遇到就不认识了2)用法要记住单词的语境,否则即便记住了也不会用3)同义词听说读写都需要同义词听力中有20-40%的题目需要听同义词4)派生词熟悉单词:词根/词缀3,语法:1)句子结构只有抓住句子结构才能抓住完整的含义.2)代词还原这需要我们更强的短时记忆3)动词形式的含义熟悉动词的含义以及每一种形式的含义词汇和语法问题解决方案快速阅读:1,每天1-2篇学过的课文(10+遍)2,养成抓句子结构的习惯3,180+WPM4,记忆---听写1)单句2)边听边写和听完再写3)两遍一句5,走神:1)边听边走---听着玩每一部分犯的错误都不少2)先走后不走---躺着听S1没有进入状态S2刚刚开始S3,S4比前面两部分好3)先不走后走---边听边译S1不走神S2累了,开始走神S3,S4太累了一直在走神4)自信听力考的是短时记忆听到:写,选听不到:放弃走神问题的解决方案不要:1)听着玩2)躺着听3)时间长或间断4)看着原文听5)听太难的材料(新闻)6)犹豫第二讲考题分析考试介绍I 考试题型1,常考题型1,表格题:个人信息表格/有横纵轴的表格/表格中的完成句子2,完成句子:1)单句填空2)提纲填空3)总结填空3,问答题前三种题型需要我们边听边写的能力4,选择题1)单选2)多选选择题需要我们边听边读的能力2,次常考题型1,地图题:选字母/写地名需要方向感2,搭配题需要边听边读/抽象思维3,不常考题型1,判断改错题:判断/判断改错1)肯,否定词2)专有名词3)数字2,图画题:识图能力3,图例题:工作原理4,推理题:演绎推理4,综合题型1,表格+判断改错2,表格+多选3,表格+搭配II 常考场景home run 本垒打touchtowm 触地得分birdie 小鸟球eagle 比标准杆少两杆的球curling 冰壶运动1,SURVIV AL1)住宿hotel 旅馆motel 汽车旅店youth hotel 青年旅馆b and b 供应住宿和早餐bedlinen 床上用品TV 电视refrigerator 电冰箱2)家乡location 位置weather 天气product 产品people 人3)度假where to go？how to go there？4)活动2,ACADEMIC:新生入学/图书馆---上述6个话题一般在S1和S2出现,比较简单,因为都是介绍性的话题S3 1)作业2)研究3)选课S4 讲课III 评分标准1,13-16=4.5-517-23=5.5-624-30=6.5-731-35=7.5-82, 写答案注意事项1) 拼写不能出现错误,但是英美拼写均可接受2) 答案要完整3) 不能重复题干中已知信息4) 不要超过字数要求5) 相似答案只能写一个6) 答案可以写标准缩写7) 数字、金钱可以写各种符号IV 计划1, 每天计划1)30分钟/次2)2-4次/天2, 1个月计划使用剑桥系列3,4,5册1)熟悉题型2)列出错误清单3)听写4)预测5)适应考试(考试前2周):心理(8.45听力/9.25阅读/10.30写作)生理(饮食/主场作战)3, 2个月计划▪加上雅思听力特训▪比一般考试难5题左右,能够发现更多问题,考试能够避免更多错误4, 3-6个月计划▪加上LISTEN TO THIS▪半本/月(初级:5-6.5;中级7-8.5)第三讲习题讲解PRACTICETEST 1LISTENINGPRACTICE TEST 1NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40APPROX. TIME: 30 MINUTESInstructionsYou will hear a number of conversations and talks and you must answer questions on what you hear.The conversations are recorded and you will have time to read the instructions and questions, and to check your work. The tape will be played ONCE only.The test is organised in 4 sections.You can write your answers on the question paper and at the end of the test you will be given time to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.Section 1 Questions 1 - 10Questions 1 - 3Choose the correct letters A - D.1 Sergeant Brown isA the community patrol officer.B the university security officer.C the community police adviser.D the university liaison officer.2 Sergeant BrownA lives locally and is not married.B lives on the campus and has two daughters.C has a son at the university.D doesn't live on the campus with his daughters.3 Sergeant Brown has been a police officer forA 5 years.B 10 years.C 15 years.D 20 years.Questions 4 - 6Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.4 The most dangerous place around the campus is ________ .5 The most dangerous place in town is ________ .6 It is dangerous because of ________ .Questions 7 - 8Choose TWO letters A - E.Which TWO items should a student always carry?A a personal alarmB valuablesC a passportD jewelleryE some identificationQuestions 9 - 10Choose TWO letters A - E.Which TWO things does Sergeant Brown recommend a student should do?A walk home in pairsB use public transportC drive homeD not carry a lot of cashE arrange to be home at a certain timeSection 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11 - 13Choose THREE letters A - E.What are John and Sarah discussing?A the amount of work in the second yearB the importance of medieval historyC studying material in a different languageD when their exams will finishE the level of work in the second yearQuestions 14 and 15Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.14 Why is Sarah working in the market?________________________________________________________________________ 15 How many courses must John and Sarah choose?________________________________________________________________________ Questions 16 - 20Section 3 Questions 21 - 30Questions 21 - 25Choose the correct letters A - C21 Dr Mullet was particularly impressed by Fayed'sA final year dissertation.B personal tutor.C exam results.22 After he took his exams, Fayed feltA nervous.B anxious.C happy.23 Dr Mullet accepts people for the MA course because ofA their exam results.B their ability to play games.C a variety of reasons.24 What did Fayed initially go to university to Study?A economics.B booms and crashes.C history.25 The course Fayed is applying for is concerned withA the developing world.B the development of banks.C the economics of work.Questions 26 - 30Complete Dr Mullet's notes on his interview with Fayed in NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each space.INTERVIEW WITH FAYEDWorried! Far from his country. ________ (26) ?Will go to study in ________ (27)if not accepted here.After university wants to work ________ (28).Now going to visit ________ (29).My decision - when? ________ (30)选择题的解题思路1、扫描题干，划出核心词2、听时综合扫描选项3、用核心词定位，听到什么选什么4、抄完答案之后检查①同义相斥②相反的有一个是对的③常识选择题的解题技巧1、听到词就选2、结合核心词3、生词原则Section 4 Questions 31 - 40Questions 31 - 35Complete each sentence with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.31 The public has more knowledge of vitamins than other parts ________ .32 The public doesn't always eat ________ .33 There is a widespread belief that Vitamin C can ________ .34 Vitamin A helps you see ________ .35 Many people wrongly think that taking vitamin supplements can ________ .完成句子题的注意事项：1、扫描题干，划出核心词，注意空格前后2、判断所需句子成分及词性3、注意核心词同义词替换，句子结构变化的情况用核心词定位占50%，用同义词替换的占30%，句子结构定位为0%-5%4、注意简写答案，再补全在听写的时候练习5、检查答案的词性总结起来就是：读、猜、听、写、查本套题答案：Listening Test 1You will hear a number of different recordings and you have to answer questions on what you hear. There will be time for you to read the instructions and you will have a chance to check your answers. The test is in four sections. Record all your answers in your test book and at the end of the test you will be given 10 minutes to transfer your answers to a special answer sheet.Now turn to Section 1.____________Section 1——————You will hear a policeman giving a talk to some students. First you will have some time to look at questions 1 to 6 (pause for 30 seconds).You will see that there has been an example written for you. On this occasion only the conversation relating to the example will be played first (listen to example).Sergeant Brown is going to speak about safety, so answer B has been circled on the question page.Now we will begin. You should answer the questions as you listen, as you will not hear the recording a second time. Listen to thetalk carefully and answer questions 1 to 6.[Mr Fogarty:] ... and so I'd like to hand you over now to Sergeant Brown. Thank you.[Sergeant Brown:]Thank you, Mr Fogarty. Er, yes, as you know my name is Sergeant Jeff Brown, and as Mr Fogarty has indicated, I'll be speaking to you briefly today about security (example), about how to make your time at this university safer and more comfortable.I am officially the university liaison officer (Q1), which means I have a specific brief to act as a go-between for the university and the police, if there are problems, and also to offer an official presence on or around campus and give individuals advice if they need it.Now, my job is very important to me. I take security and reducing the threat of crime on this campus very seriously because, although I don't actually live on the campus, both my daughters attended this university, and my son is still here (Q2). So I am a local policeman in every respect. I have been the university liaison officer for the last five years but I have been in the police force for 15 in all (Q3).Now, on to some advice. The first thing I want to stress is that this university is a comparatively safe place to live. We have had no serious crimes here in the five years I've been here. In fact, crime of any sort is very rare on the campus. We have good security here and although there are a lot of staff and students, the security staff, including myself, are making an effort to get to know your faces!However, as students it is of course wise for you to take precautions to protect yourselves against crime when you are off the campus. As I said, the campus itself is really very safe, but there is a large park right behind it, MacGowan Fields (Q4), and although this is a beautiful place to sit or walk during the day, at night you must be careful. One or two students have reported unpleasant incidents at night while walking in the park, although it must be said that no major incidents have been reported. Now, there are no areas in town which I advise students to avoid as a general rule, but the town centre (Q5) is more hazardous than other areas, especially in the evenings on Friday and Saturday. On these days there is often fighting after people have had too much to drink in the pubs and clubs in the area. There have also been a number of robberies and muggings (Q6).Before the talk continues you have some time to read questions 7 to 10 (pause for 20 seconds). Now listen carefully and answer questions 7 to 10.Well, that was my advice to you. Most of it is common sense but remember crime always happens when you least expect it. But there are ways to protect yourself. First of all, the university provides all students with personal alarms (Q7). If you are attacked, you can use this to put off your attacker. Secondly, don't take anything with you that cannot easily be replaced like a passport or things of sentimental value. Leave jewellery and other valuables in your room when you go out. Always make sure you take something which will identify you (Q8), perhaps your student card or your driving licence. Thirdly, when you are out late at night, come home in twos (Q9). It's much safer if you're with a friend than on your own. And obviously, don't have very much money on you (Q10). Finally, if you do know you'll be late back and can't use public transport, tell someone else when you expect to be home and if there's a problem, they can raise the alarm. So, that's about all from me and I wish you a pleasant and safe stay here. Thank you.That is the end of Section 1. You will have half a minute to check your answers (pause for 30 seconds).Now turn to Section 2.____________Section 2——————You will hear two students, Sarah and John discussing their choices of courses to study. First you have some time to look at questions 11 to 15 (pause for 30 seconds).Now listen carefully to the discussion and answer questions 11 to 15.Sarah: Hi, JohnJohn: Hello, Sarah. What are you doing in here? Haven't all you exams finished?Sarah: Well, yes, they have, but I've got to make my decisions for next year. I still haven't chosen what courses I'm going to do. John: That's why I'm here. Why don't we have a look through the brochure together?Sarah: That's a good idea. I'm not sure about some of these courses on medieval history.John: No. In fact, I'm not sure about the whole second year. I was talking to Peter Lily the other day - you know, he's just finished the second year - and he was saying that the work load is higher in (Q11) the second year because you have to read all these medieval documents in Latin (Q12). I mean, the first year's been pretty hard but next year will be worse. There are more assignments in the second year - it goes up to six a year for each course, doesn't it?Sarah: Yes But we've got the experience of the first year to build on, so it must get easier. And there isn't so much secondary material in the second year. There aren't so many books about the medieval period.John: Don't you believe it! I think this year's going to be hard work (Q13)!Sarah: Well, perhaps I'd better give up my job then.John: You're working as well?Sarah: Yeah, I've been working in the same place for over a year now. Only part-time, you know. Just Saturday mornings in the market. I mean, it doesn't pay much, but it's interesting and it gives me a bit of extra cash for my text books (Q14). Anyway, what about these courses? How many do we have to take? I remember Professor bolt saying something about four courses in the second year, is that right? Or do we have to do a certain number of credits?John: Both. We have to select four courses (Q15), but for some courses there are two parts. They count as one course. It's six in total, because everyone has to do Europe 1100-1500 and Chronicles of the Church. Anyway, when you've chosen your four courses, they should add up to 80 credits. Have you got the course brochure there?Sarah: Yes. Look ... under ... second year history ... There it is.You now have some time to read questions 16 to 20 (pause for 20 seconds).Now listen to the rest of the discussion and answer questions 16 to 20.John: Right. Yes, look. Most of these courses are 20 credits each, except for the two short courses about the Crusades (Q16). They're 10 each. Now, Medieval Society ... Hmm. What do you think?Sarah: Well, actually, I think it looks really good. Dr Smith is OK, and you don't have to buy any books except a study pack. The best thing is, there are no special requirements (Q17) - no Latin or medieval English!John: The next one is Development of Technology with Mr Mills. Ah ... this is a good one. Peter recommended it. It's all about the way printing developed, and early science. In fact, I think I could get a copy of Bouchier's 'History of Science' (Q18) from him. That means I wouldn't have to buy it.Sarah: That does look interesting. And that doesn't have any special requirements either. What's next ...? Ah, here they are. 10 credits each, the Crusades. You need French to do them. I suppose a lot of the documents are in French.John: That's strange - look. There are different teachers for each part. I expect that's why it's two modules. Dr Clare does the first part (Q19), but it's Dr Shaker and Professor Lord for the second one.Sarah: So that only leaves Peasants and Kings, with Dr Reeves. ... Oh, look, you have to know French (Q20) for this one. John: Well, I must say I don't fancy any course that asks you to have Latin, but I think my French is good enough to readoriginal sources.Sarah: Yes, mine too. Well, what shall we choose?That is the end of Section 2. You will have half a minute to check your answers (pause for 30 seconds).Now turn to Section 3.____________Section 3——————You will hear an interview between Dr Mullet, a university lecturer and a student, Fayed. First you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25 (pause for 30 seconds).Now listen carefully to the interview and answer questions 21 to 25.Dr Mullet: So, Fayed, you found my office quite easily.Fayed: Yes, thank you.Dr Mullet: Thank you for coming such a long way for the interview. I believe you are from the Middle East. Now, Fayed, I really wanted to speak to you during this interview about two things - your exam results and your final-year dissertation. Your thesis, your dissertation, that was something quite special. Your personal tutor actually sent me a copy, and I must say that for a third year undergraduate it's a very polished piece of work.Fayed: Thank you.Dr Mullet: Yes, it's very promising (Q21). Now, the thing is, you tutor tells me that you weren't all that happy with your exams ...Fayed: Well ... The results aren't out yet, as you know. The first four were fine, but in the last three I lost my nerve a bit and didn't do so well. I know I didn't do as well as I could. I was worried (Q22) when I'd handed in my exams.Dr Mullet: Right. Well, exams are a bit of a game anyway. We can't all do well on the day. But here exam results are not everything, as you know - I set great store by other factors in deciding whether we offer you a place on the Master's course (Q23). Perhaps you could tell me a little about how you became interested in economics.Fayed: Yes, of course. Well, I've always been interested in social and economic history, so from a very young age I read about the booms and crashes of the 19th and 20th centuries. I originally applied to study history at university (Q24), but when I got there I realised I had the chance to study economics at a high level, so I changed. My mother used to be an economist at the World Bank, so I had her to help me and guide me. Although she didn't help me write my final-year paper!Dr Mullet: No, quite. Now, you're applying for the Master's course in the Economics of the Developing World (Q25), taught by myself and Dr Branigan. Why this particular course?Fayed: Well, I've read some of your work on-the development of rural banks and I thought this was a good place to be. I mean, this is my first choice.Now you have some time to read questions 26 to 30 (pause for 20 seconds).Now listen to the rest of the interview and answer questions 26 to 30.Dr Mullet: And you're not worried about feeling homesick? You are still young, and Australia is a very long way from your home (Q26). I mean, your English is fine, there are no problems with language or attitude, but the distance from your family may make it hard for you at first.Fayed: I've thought about that. But it's a problem wherever I go. If I don't get in here, I'll probably take a place at a university inEngland (Q27). That's just as far from home!Dr Mullet: I see, I see. And what are your long-term ambitions, Fayed? What do you want to do ultimately with your Qualifications and your life?Fayed: I want to work in my country (Q28). You know there are some problems there, and I want to try to right some of them in the economic infrastructure.Dr Mullet: I see. And this is your last interview, I believe. That gives you four weeks before the next term starts. What will you do during your holidays?Fayed: Oh, I'm going to relax. I was going to work on my English, but in fact I've got a couple of friends in Hamburg, so I think I'll go and stay with them (Q29) instead as I've never been to Germany.Dr Mullet: I see. Well, Fayed, as you know I can't give you a decision right away. However, I can tell you that you've made quite an impression with your application, and I think you should not worry too much about the place. My decision will be made tomorrow (Q30) after I've seen the last candidate, and I'll let you know within the next two weeks.Fayed: Thank you very much.Dr Mullet: Well, thank you for attending the interview.That is the end if Section 3. You now have half a minute to check your answers (pause for 30 seconds).Now turn to Section 4.____________Section 4——————You will hear a lecturer give a talk on nutrition. First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 (pause for 40 seconds). Now listen carefully to the talk and answer questions 31 to 40.Now, the topic of today's talk is nutrition - specifically, vitamins and minerals. I'll be dealing first with some of the most common misconceptions about them. Then I'm going to talk about what vitamins there are, where they come from, and the quantities we need. We'll have some time at the end of the talk for any questions you may have.OK Well, vitamins are known to the general public - in fact, the public knows more about them than it does about certain other key aspects of nutrition (Q31). One reason for this is that vitamins have been in the public eye for quite a while - at least since the middle of the 20th century, when their importance first became widely recognised. This awareness does mean that the public knows how important vitamins are - even if it doesn't mean that we all eat a healthy diet all the time (Q32). However, a problem does arise that is associated with this, which is the number of old wives' tales about vitamins. Usually these fallacies are not dangerous, but they do lead to an unnecessarily high intake of vitamin supplements. For example, it is widely held that high doses of vitamin C will cure colds and flu (Q33). I'd like to hit this one on the head - there is no evidence that any vitamin can cure anything! No, I'm afraid you'll just have to let time sort out your cold. And of course, the body can't store vitamin C, so those tablets you take are just an expensive waste of time.Another common belief with no evidence is the idea that vitamin A helps you see in the dark (Q34). Actually, there is some truth in this one, because vitamin A is necessary for good vision. But in the dark, in real darkness, nobody can see. And of course, taking too much vitamin A can actually be bad for you. But perhaps the most misleading idea, heavily promoted by certain companies, is that vitamins will make you intelligent (Q35). Now, while a healthy diet is essential if you are to make the most of your intelligence, there is no evidence whatsoever that vitamin supplements can make the slightest bit of difference (pause for 3 seconds).So what can vitamins do? Or, perhaps more accurately, why do we need them? Well, the answer is that we need them for all sorts of reasons.Vitamin A, for example, also called retinol, is essential for good eyesight, especially at night, and to help us fight off (Q36) infection and illness. We get it from liver, butter, egg yolks and milk.Vitamin D, as is well known, is used to build strong teeth (Q37) and bones, but it also helps us absorb calcium. Vitamin D is mainly formed in the skin through the action of sunlight. How much you need depends on different factors such as age and health.Vitamin E, tocopherol, is less well-known, but is necessary in maintaining a healthy balance of fats in the body. We need 10-12 mg (Q38) every day, and although some people take supplements, you can normally get what you need from a balanced diet. The B complex includes vitamins B1, thiamine, B2, riboflavine, B6, pyridoxine and B12, cyanocobalamin. It performs many functions, including allowing our bodies to metabolise carbohydrates, forming healthy tissue, and perhaps most importantly, forming red blood cells (Q39) to prevent pernicious anaemia. We need varying amounts of the B complex, and while most of us can get enough from a well-balanced diet, vegetarians may find themselves deficient in B12, which is only found in any noticeable quantity in meat, especially liver.Finally, vitamin C is the one everyone knows. Ascorbic acid, as it's also known, helps fight infection, which perhaps accounts for the myth about preventing colds. It also helps protect against scurvy. We need 30 mg a day, and can only really get this amount from eating plenty of citrus fruit (Q40) and fresh vegetables. Now, in a moment I'll be moving on to talk about how we can plan a diet which will supply all our vitamin needs. But before that, I'd like to look at some of the recent advances in our knowledge of the ways vitamin deficiencies can affect us ...(fade)That is the end of Section 4. You will have half a minute to check your answers (pause for 30 seconds).That is the end of the Listening Test.You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the Listening answer sheet (pause for 10 minutes).Please stop writing.TEST 2LISTENINGPRACTICE TEST 1NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40APPROX. TIME: 30 MINUTESInstructionsYou will hear a number of conversations and talks and you must answer questions on what you hear.The conversations are recorded and you will have time to read the instructions and questions, and to check your work.The tape will be played only ONCE.The test is organised in 4 sections.You can write your answers on the question paper and at the end of the test you will be given time to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.本套题题型分析：Section 1 Questions 1 - 12Questions 1 - 8表格题Questions 9 - 12单选题Section 2 Questions 13 - 20Questions 13 - 16多选题Questions 17 - 20问答题Section 3 Questions 21 - 30Questions 21 - 26 搭配题Questions 27 - 30单选题Section 4 Questions 31 - 40Questions 31 - 40地图题&完成句子题Section 1 Questions 1 – 12个人信息表格题做题关键：1、信息修正：注意否定词、转折词及表示修改的词2、速度陷阱:①答案前后语速慢,答案加快②紧张导致定位失败解决办法：①速度的练习：主要是对吞音、连读等语音的练习和单位时间处理信息量的练习②预测的练习：在听之前预测缺省信息3、计算的问题：单位的换算：fortnight两周，decade十年，dozen十二，score二十要特别注意时间的计算4、地名：其他题中可能提供要写的地名①常见地名：英、澳、加、美常见地名②常用地名：Fountainroad、Spring Court、BrookstreetQuestions 1 - 8For questions 1 - 8 complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Questions 9 - 12Circle the correct letters A - C.9 When does the travel agent advise Sunil to book his ticket?A the following monthB after seven daysC straightaway10 Which airline provides the quickest route home?A English AirwaysB Air BroncoC DGB Airlines11 Which airline provides the cheapest route home?A English AirwaysB Air BroncoC Karachi Air Tours12 What is the reason for Sunil's choice?A the flight is the cheapestB the flight allows him to visit his auntC the flight is best overallSection 2Questions 13 - 20Questions 13 and 14Circle TWO thing you MUST NOT take on board with you.A cigarettesB lighter fuelC matchesD gifts wrapped by a friendE mobile phonesQuestions 15 and 16Circle TWO things you MUST take on board with you.A passportB booksC boarding passD foreign currencyE sandwichesQuestions 17 - 20Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.17When is the check-in time for the flight?...................................................................................................................................................... 18What is the best means of transport to the airport?...................................................................................................................................................... 19How much baggage can Sunil take?...................................................................................................................................................... 20Where is the best place to change money?...................................................................................................................................................... Section 3Questions 21 - 30Questions 21 - 26做好搭配题要注意：1、扫描题干注意有没有“more than once”，如有则配搭会比较混乱2、划核心词，注意题干和选项中较为复杂的3、判断展开顺序，一般将题干和选项中有具体含义的一方为依据判断Match the ideas to the lecturers in the box below.21 An abstract should describe the contents of each section.22 An abstract should immediately attract the attention of the reader.23 An abstract should be of the same written standard as the dissertation.24 An abstract should describe the methods used in the research.25 An abstract should not describe all results or no-one will read the dissertation.26 An abstract should state the main points clearly and concisely.Questions 27 - 30Circle the correct letters A - C.27 The female student will put her findings first because。
雅思7分【暑期全程班】_第1课-第14课笔记)
be at large
潜逃
cat-like
派生词 n. + -like
表示：像……似的，有……的特征
crystal-like eyes
baby-like face
steel-like muscles
home-like inn
take sth. seriously = deal with sth. seriously
Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash!
→ humorous attitude 英国式的幽默
《A famous monastery》的笔记：
doggy bag 打包的饭菜
例：一辆昂贵的大的蓝色的日本赛车
an expensive big blue Japanese sports car
表示“太…...而不能…...”
so… that + 否定句式
too… to…
Corporation公司，法人，社团
simply adv到字母 m, p, b 时，要变成 im
im-impolite
im-impossible
in-前缀碰到字母 l，则被同化为 il-
in-前缀碰到字母 r，则被同化为 ir-
《Smash-and-grab》的笔记：
blare 发出尖利、刺耳的声音
roar 咆哮，轰鸣 = make a deep prolonged
however = no matter how
注意：whatever, whoever, whichever既可以做关系副词引导让步状语从句，也可作关系代词引导定语从句，变化如下：
新东方TOEFL复习笔记（第一部分：听力）4
6．噪⾳场景 96.12.12/97.8.北美.6规律：室内：调⼩⾳量(turn down) 宿舍隔⾳(sound proof) 意识到噪⾳没有(didn’t realize)室外：⽆能为⼒ 96、5、18噪⾳来源：交通，室友/邻居 （93.10.23）影响：睡觉睡不着，学习受⼲扰I can’t heat myself think.解决：rraffic：学⽣只能忍受，或者向学校反映，或者换地⽅学习 soundproof室友/邻居：ake him to turn down the musicdorm supervise / apartment manager 宿舍管理员7．修理场景fix repair思路：什么坏了，找谁修（修理⼯及故障的表达，96、1、北美、11），修理费贵，修不如买（96、12、28）结合housing场景的：厕所，电话，洗澡。
window is stack 窗户打不开the sink will be clogged⽔池堵了pipe will be clogged管道堵了wiring电线出问题shutters→loose 百叶窗松了8．打⼯场景四个步骤及关键词 96、5、6打⼯职责、感受（段落） 96、1、国内、C2/98、5、B2⾯视者招聘员⼯：⼯作经验，学历被⾯视者（学⽣）：时间、⼯资、经验三要素 96、5、12 hour salary experience9． High-way场景常塞车（怎么办） 96、5、20 be tired up traaffic gam be backed up拐错弯 96、8、24 should have turned从哪出 get out of it考违章 98.5.23 ticket 罚单10．借钱还钱场景 98.10.22不愿借，不想还，为什么注意听语⽓，注意听第⼆句时间副词（soon later some other time）吃喝玩乐篇1．⾳乐会场景规律：永远好听 97、1、8/97、10、10喜欢古典⾳乐，不喜欢摇滚⾳乐提前买票，学⽣折扣作为好坏，是否调换去不是因为学习或考试（语⽓特征：不情愿）剧院座位：谈座位是否好坏，要不要换。
雅思课堂笔记
环球雅思高分周末班课堂笔记(学术类)Reading/Listening评分标准表：Reading/Listening5.5 19-226.0 23-266.5 27-297.0 30-317.5 32-348.0 35-368.5 37-389.0 39-40Listening注意听降调，重读，被重复注意连读：In eighteen … [ei]In nineteen … [ai]1. Note-taking题一心二意，单词拼写与发音Do not: 翻译，中文，全神贯注第4个字母是p,b,m，前面都是com, 剩下的都是con, 除了：comfortable听数字时，注意：8和9，50和15，“1+2”只听数字，忽略thousand, million…0．508：naught point five o eight$9.5 nine dollar fifty2. 地图题：找箭头，读参照物，绝对+相对，形状+大小：square, round, circle, sphere...3. 主观题：pre: 划路标词找“关系”：并列：and, 并列符号因果：for, so…路标词后，注意：语音，语调：降调，重读，被重复；空格前后的单词；下一题的路标词记录，不要拼写单词注意格式：名词：单复数，大小写Venue = place = where 一律大写，name, course课程名大写4. 表格题：路标词是时间均为间接给出有so后就有答案5. 判断题：（考点）数字（19，90；8，9；数字后名词偷换）；否定词（hardly, little, never…）; 比较，最高级；动宾搭配；绝对词（every, none, only, must）; 相对词if, sometimes; 情态动词6. 单选题：时间，城市无法AB重现选项区别大：正确答案肯定在题干后（先浏览题干），通常AB重现（语序调整意义不变，核心词，同意词<adj,n>）干扰选项：语音干扰…this means…答案已过去错误搭配Not given备注：所谓AA重现：题目与原文基本一致，照搬过来；AB重现：同义，近义，反义，上下义（从属关系）7. 多选题：AB重现+被否定并列连词后anything else?熟悉被选项，耳到眼到一连串的被选项同时被提到，第一个被提及通常是正确选项，答案跟并列词后8. 配对题Matching词性配对，题干定位Section 1 Interview Q-A, Discussion Q-A‟-A‟‟-A（最后原则，最后被确定的是答案，so后）填空，注意字数，尽量用原文，冠词，程度副词可省略S3 Q-A-SummarySo, why not, just say 后永远有答案时间安排：最先2‟30看S3，S4题干，当example的答案听到第2遍时开始回头看S1 S1听力中明辨是非，限制词性及内容ReadingSkills: SQSRC（一定要看！！！很有用的阅读步骤，平行阅读法,千万不要看完一整篇后做题）1.Skim 1-2‟大标题，段首句（1，2段必看，后面可挑看）2.Question 精读一个Q，划信号词（大写，引号，括号，数字，人名，地名，时间，专有名词，特殊名词，特殊状态名词…）3.Scan (根据信号词回原文寻)语言重现AA,AB,AC(句子内部和句子之间的关系的重现;因果,转折,比较)4.Read carefully 精读上下句5.Check and confirm 规范(审题,语法);心理概况: A类先找信号词,定位再答题3篇文章60分钟内完成词汇量要求:7000-8000题型: 重点:选择,Summary, TF/NG, Heading主旨题次重点: 图表, SAQ, SC, Matching1.Multiple Choice原则: 1) 我没选绝对词(90%): have to, never, only…2) 我没选”比较”比较级,最高级,<,>,干扰项3) 我的选项留有余地may, could, might, sometimes, perhaps4) D选项为ALL, 2条件必选ALL: A,B,C不相干; 出处有表示列举的词:and, also, another, additional, other, apart from, as well, in addition to5) 当题干短, 分析归类选项, 再验证6) D选项为NONE, 2步走: 文中划出所有A.B或其共同成分; 逐一验证其限定成分文中出现数字: 20%考点,20%信号词,60%垃圾,看大小即可2.Summary看语法,理思路短文首句要精读, 起止位置要明确,留意AB重现(包括非空格部分), 生词可照搬,有时调整顺序和主被动关系分类: 续写,有选项; 改写(几乎全文,有选项; 2,3段,无选项; 不知道几段)3.判断形式: TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN; YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 答案要写全,写准确（YES和TRUE要分清，不能混写，不能缩写Y/T）定义: T Passage 与Question吻合F PQ 矛盾,冲突NG 未提及;有提及,但不相关,既不吻合,也不矛盾,证据不充分,不足以判断,不确定,不知道原则:其他条件不变: P小,Q 大, EG. Influence > reduce, T/Y其他条件不变: P 大, Q 小NGF: PQ明显矛盾(正反词,否定)不明显矛盾,PQ不能够同时成立NG: P主观, Q客观P用主观词(predict, assume…) Q去掉主观词,且不加委婉词(can,will,may…)总量与部分无关补充: NG不占多数,一次做两题,比较时要慎重(比较双方,比较点,比较方向; 3者一致---T,前2要素一致,第3要素相反---F; Q中比较,P中不比没比---NG)注意修饰语的明显差别PQ 在数量,范围,频率,程度,可能性上存在明显差别P: SOME Q: ALL ----F4.Heading划例子,划段落精读所有选项,划信号首末句精读,第2句兼顾,中间浏览对比分析定答案注意:先细节后主旨;正确选项通常为原文主题句的AB重现若某选项与原文某些字词AA重现,一般不选不能重复选印刷体书写罗马数字5.图表题:定位3步法: 定位到某段,某句,某词6.Matching形式: TIME/EVENTS G类CAUSE/ EFFECTPEOPLE/OPPIONCONCEPT/ EXPLAINA TIONPRODUCER/ PRODUCTORGANISITION/ FUCTION G类Detail & ParagraphWhich paragraph contains the following information? 最后做注意:乱序节省时间:做题前尽可能一次性记住所有题干的关键词题干通常AA,选项通常AB可以重复选7.Short answer Question看清楚疑问词,完整句: 首字母大写,成分:小写即可8.Sentence Completion有选项:先语法后意义Writing20‟+40‟2种写法：段首顶格,段与段间隔一行(better) / 段首空4个英文字符段与段不空行Task 120分钟内写完分清什么图----找研究对象----2大审题方法Picture常考：A. Line graph / Curve chart 曲线图Bar chart / Column diagram 柱形/条形图Pie chart 饼图B. Flow chart 流程图一般分3段，尽可能用被动语态，不用第一人称A时态：Part 1 Simple Present（现在所见的）Part 2 Simple past （the changes itself in the past）Part 3 Simple present (现在所看到的趋势)Basic Pattern:连接手段必须有“如图所示”；四大要素，首段末句点题Part 1 4 major factors: pictures, objects, time, and dataPart 2 4 changes (textual level) + 6 comparisons (sentence level)Part 3 小结+趋势(上升或下降)4 changes: 升降波平6 comparisons:分比；比率；倍；分（1/3）；数值；排位place, positionBFlow chart: 一般现在时，中间多用被动语态Part 1 2-3 major factors: pictures, objects, given conditions, (materials given)Part 2 Process described: Passive被动（with connectives: step / stage）Part 3 Result indicated两大审题方法：切割分析法就明显的曲线形状进行切割分段（2条线不在一条直线上，2条线不属于同类变化）；迅速标上段号和点号，点>段（如下图，4点3段）1 2 3 4简易图示法如：3块饼图，每块有ABCD4个对象，则分别对这4个对象进行分析，看其各在1-2，2-3图中的变化趋势（上升或下降）Task 2 40分钟完成高分词汇：AA，AB重现；连字符词语: win-win situation; 名词化短语；一词多义的单词：bridge n. / vt. Brave adj. / vt. 勇敢面对六大结构：后置定语；排比句not only… but also…等；同位语；名词性从句；虚拟语气；否定兼倒装：Only in this way can we…; Not only verb + subjectFirst and Last注意首句和末句；首段和末段；每段的首句和末句五种题型：(1side一分写法，正或反面选其一；2side两分写法，正反面都要写，易拿高分)Do you agree /disagree? What is your opinion? (1/2-side)观点性辩论文To what extent do you agree or disagree? (1/2-side)Discuss both sides… (2-side)现象/说明性论述文Problem-Solution (Why-Because, Causes-Effects) (2-side)General-Particular (2-side)1 辩论文（一分法/二分法）一分法完全赞成/反对Part 1 我同/反间接或直接点题Part 2 同/反1同/反2 理由，举例Part 3 我同/反二分法7-8分1 2 3Part 1 我同/反/中立间接点题Part 2 同同反反反同Part 3 我同/我反/中立我同我反3种写法：势均力敌同=反先扬后抑同>反先抑后扬同<反第一种“同=反”比较难写，不要轻易尝试Part 1 首段末句必须中立点题Part 2 中间部分必须互反：利弊，迟早，新旧，今昔对比互反Part 3 末段首句必须明确表态（赞成/反对）2．论述文Question-Answer PatternPart 1 WhatPart 2 Why1Why2Part 3 How常考话题：新技术，电脑代替传统的工具等；教育；环境资源；家庭；交通；政府资助Speaking尽量多说复杂句，定语从句，虚拟语气等1. General topics 4-5min “warm-up” familiar topics个人情况等等强调adj. Adv. Number. negative名词动词比喻修饰2. Particular topics 说1-2min 之前1min准备3．Abstract questions 4-5min Discuss!!!万能话题：旅游a place；平凡的人；名人；书最新雅思大作文不变应万变语篇通式Mighty Writing[Given Info Analysed on the Textual and lexical Levels]:[Chinese Version]:[English Version]:Analysed and Written by Prof HAN Pinyu in Nanjing Global IELTS School, on April 2, 2007Writing 写作模板最好不要全部照搬，有能力自己做点修改，使其个性化很大程度上：to a large extent, in a great/large degree, for the most part很小程度上：to some extent, in some degree, for some part/partly/in partTask 1除流程图外：As can be seen from the picture(table/figure/diagram/ line graph/bar chart/pie chart), it illustrated (shown) explicitly (obviously) X (that X covers the years/months from … to …).According to / In accordance with the figures / data (dada无复数) given in the picture, X significantly (greatly/ dramatically/ noticeably) fell from … to … in 19.. to in 19.., whereas. Also / Moreover / Furthermore from the picture it can be seen that there was a sharp decline / increase from…, while…. Based upon / Relying on the figures / data given in the picture, it started / had its starting point at … in 19.., reached the highest point / peaked at … in 19.. and gave its finishing point / finished at …in 19..; on the contrary, …. In addition to / What is more what has previously been referred to , the remaining / rest of all the figures (the other figures) did not indicate/ display/ show a noticeable increase or decrease; on the other hand/ in contrast,…From not only what was demonstrated in the picture but also what has been mentioned/specified or described earlier in the passage, it can be seen very clearly that there is (seems/appears to be用seem/appear不能用clearly) a tendency which is on the (gradual/ remarkable) increase/ decline (of object)….流程图：As can be seen/ shown from the picture/ flow chart, it illustrates/ shows explicitly/obviously X. There are some conditions/materials given in the picture…. The general process which concerns/ involves several/some cycles will be described/ conveyed as follows.In the first stage,…Next is the second stage in which…After that we have the third stage where…Finally in Stage Four…From not only what was demonstrated/showed in the picture but also what has been mentioned earlier in the passage, it can be seen very clearly that only in this way or by this kind of process can (subject: Oil)… be made or produced.Task 2:1 - Side:There, nowadays/ at the present/ currently, exists a heated/ hotly debated discussion on …(Title).Some people maintained the idea that,…Unfortunately, other people hold the opinion that… I back/support/side with/take the side of/ do (dis)agree with the idea that…(直接)/ I share the idea with the former/latter, which is that…(间接).One (dis)advantage which can be clear/obvious/explicit to everyone is that…In fact…Let us take one example/ for example/instance… Let us have another example…. Let us give/ render/ present/ illustrate/ demonstrate/ show still another example…Explicitly/ clearly/ apparently/ indeed/ undoubtedly….Another negative/positive side which must be considered/ given consideration to is that…As a matter of fact… For example….Take the as another example… Take it as a case in point…It is self-evident that…. One /The first/ The main reason which can be clear/obvious/explicit to everyone is that… Another/ The second factor which must be given consideration to is that…. Still another/ the third rationale which we must attach importance/attention to is that….2 - Side:At present there is a hot topic which never ever fails to provoke a heated discussion on….Some are firmly in favor of the opinion or notion that…does great harm to …. Yet others/ other people are firmly assured/fully convinced that…Before my opinion is given or presented it would be better for me to discuss/have a detailed discussion on both sides as follows.We should highlight the notion that…since there are several reasons for us to say that. One reason.... Another reason… (Facts stated/ Example given可以参照前面一分法的模板斜体字部分) From what has been mentioned before/previously/initially, it can be seen explicitly that…Seemingly/ Unfortunately, we should rethink the idea that……… (Facts stated/ Examples given). So it can be seen explicitly or self-evident that…Personally I am strongly in support of the idea or the circumstance that… (Solution: It is about time that…did …. Only in this way can …)Problem – Solution Pattern:首段末段与1/2分法类似，中间两段陈述理由，举例，如：One/ the first/main reason that can be clear/obvious/explicit to everyone is …. To start/begin with …In addition …Furthermore/What is more….(Let us take one example…Let us have another example…….) It is clear/evident that ….Another/the second reason that must be considered/given consideration to is… In the first place …. In the second place/next place …. Then … Finally… From what has been mentioned previously, we can see very clearly/explicitly that….写作真题（选择一些常考题，可平时模拟练习，具体请参考雅思机井）050108IeltsA Task 2: We can get knowledge from news, but some people think we can’t trust the journalist. What‟s your opinion? And what do you think is the important qualities that a journalist should have?050122IeltsA Task 2: The recent figure of crimes committed by the young people is increasing in major cities throughout the world. Discuss what the possible reasons for this problem are and how to solve it.050219IeltsA Task 2: Leisure is a growing industry. Nowadays, more modern technology used in entertainment. This may lead people to less creative. Do you agree or disagree?050226IeltsA Task 2: Nowadays people perform the everyday task such as banking, shopping as well as business transaction, without meeting person face to face. What are the possible social effects upon the individual and society as a whole?050312IeltsA Task 2: It is generally believed that education is of vital important to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfill both these functions?050402IeltsA Task 2: The pressure upon the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to work too hard for their young age. Do you think it is positive or negative for their development?050416IeltsA Task 2: The advantages of the spread of English as a global language will continue to outweigh its disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?050709IeltsA Task 2: Some people think that the government should pay for health care and education, but other people think that it is nor government‟s responsibility. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.050806IeltsA Task 2: Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away”culture, because we are filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To what extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend reducing this problem?好词好句A. Classification of Topic Area s—社会是一个更加概括的词，表示的也许是在一个国家的人民及他们相互间的关系。
新东方雅思听力笔记要点(13)
新东方雅思听力笔记要点注意： 1. 替换的出现。
at no time = never 2. 否定说法。
at no time , never ,can’t,must not , by no means , be free of 3. 程度限定词。
单纯地让考生判断正误难度较低，于是IELTS常用一些程度限定来考查学生。
如：all , some 之类。
对于出现程度限定词的考题，所出现的限定词必定是考点，考生可不看全句，只看主语和程度限定词，有的放矢，题目便迎刃而解。
常见的两种程度限定：绝对性限定：没有余地的限定。
如：all ,must , must not , only , can , can not , at no ti me, by no means , already , have done,等。
相对性限定：part of , some , may ,can , sometimes , maybe , might , unless , except , Only…unless…,in the process of , no t yet 等。
对于绝对性限定的题目，只要注意有没有相对性限定的词或词组即可解决；而对相对性限定的题目，只须看文中是否有相关的绝对性限定词即可。
但是如果遇到绝对性限定和相对性限定相结合，同时出现在一道题目中时，应以后出现的限定词为评判标准，也可根据技巧，正确答案总是出现在同一个意群中，一系列干扰信息的最后面，解答这类问题。
比如题目为: The Macintosh computer network can only be used by seco nd and third year students. A I N The Macintosh computer network is reserved only for second year and third year st udents unless you are a first year student of the Graphic Design course. 此题最后出现的是相对性限定，故应以之为准进行判断，答案为 -------- 填表题填表题是常考题型,最常考论文关键字：。
雅思听力课程笔记分享
雅思听力课程笔记分享有关雅思听力课程笔记分享人物场景年纪：old young ___years old体形：tall high short small fat stocky slim thin slender medium built胡子：moustache beard whisk脸部：scare dimple chin hooknose发型：curly straight long hair wave cut选课场景学分：credit必修课：obligatory subject compulsory required选修课：selective course optionalfoundation major/minor period semesterassistant associate professor vice学科：anthropology archaeology cartography architecture botany chronology economics geometry algebra hygiene optics philosophystatistics报道场景enrolment family name first name= given name degreediplomacertificateadministration office register prospectus academic staff facultyacademic year flexible attendance absence drop-out rate study aids participation school department dean adviser counselor chancellor schedule hi-tech fitness center=gym function room coordinator饮食场景coffee beans black/white coffee hour coffee arabica coffee chef instant coffee real coffee espresso premium alcohol bacon buffet bun butter barbecue cabbage beverage biscuit brandy chip cider cola crab cream curry dessert dumpling flour mineral water lemonade lettuce celery menu shake mushroom mutton onion pepper pizza salad sandwich toast vegetarian vinegar soda whisky yogurt。
雅思 全套新东方ielts笔记 listening ★【汉魅】(1)
最新新东方听力笔记概述：一．雅思听力基本情况可做任何标记。
分数段：12-18：4分19-24：5分25-30：6分 31-35：7分36-38：8分39-40：9分根据难易要乘系数二．两个误区听懂核心词汇，掌握拼写。
极少考理解，多考记录信息点，所听即所得。
三．两个基本范围1． survival english （社会生活，人际交往等）2． academic english （学术类，教育类，热点话题）四．问题1．利用停顿时间抢读后面题目2．直接书写答案3．区分考试安排者声音，根据指导做题4．手眼耳并用，听看写一体五．雅思听力四大特点1. 国际口音：（英、美、澳）（英音50%，澳20%，美20%，其他10%）不利：习惯美音，不习惯英音，必须熟悉英音；有利：新口音（大西洋口音，适于中国人）；动词短语不是考试重点（掌握一般程度：第一个意思即可），去掉了很多地域性的方言。
2. 四段叙述：1、3section是对话，2、4section是陈述，一般来说难度递增。
不利：a.不知道听力磁带和题目间如何建立关系——采用顺序原则(85%)：答案顺序和问题顺序一致。
b.无法集中注意力（听力中不包含问题，无法对大脑产生刺激）——改变听力学习习惯，练习时应聚精会神，忌跑神和恐慌。
有利：不是每句话都要听懂，应试图听懂每一句包含答案的句子（先看题，再猜答案，然后做题）3. 边听边做：不利：a.阅读量大——要求快速阅读（技巧+能力）——速读b.写量大——要求手眼耳并用（加强听写能力，掌握四级单词听写）有利：a.不考推理、总结、归纳题，主要考查细节，所听即所得。
4. 题型多样：10种题型不利：不熟悉题型有利：难度较低六、听力应试策略短期目标：1.紧扣9套题，十种题型，十种场景。
2.记补充的单词和地名。
四级词汇(大学英语四级速听速记)。
3.精听六盘磁带。
中期目标：1.短期任务。
2.再做一点题。
听力强化最新指南，雅思听力课外强化教程，英语中级听力（关于hotel/resta urant，news不听）。
新东方雅思 精品笔记
谬见mistaken/wrong view 定语从句状语从句名词性从句：1．主语从句2．宾语从句3．同位语从句4．表语从句主语+ 谓语动词5大常见句型6种基本成分动词：1）Vt2）Vi3) 连系动词（be动词）remain, keep, turn4) 双宾语动词5）复合宾语动词1．主语+ 谓语（vt）+ 宾语Eg: Alan bought a computer.2. 主语+ 谓语（vi）Eg: Alan cries.The students laugh.3. 主语+谓语（系动词）+ 表语Eg：I am a teacher.Alan is a lawyer.4. 主语+谓语（双宾语动词）+宾语1+宾语2Eg: I want to tell you a secret.Alan bought her a present.Evans lent her 10,000 dollars.5. 主语+ 谓语（复合宾语动词）+ 宾语+ 宾补（即修饰宾语的成分）Eg: The students consider Alan naïve/innocent.补语：1）主语补足语= 表语2）宾语补足语长句是怎么写成的？！1．在简单句的范畴内写长。
1) 加定语（即修饰名词）I nnocent Alan is a naïve teacher.Every family with or without a computer is familiar with the powerful Internet.2）加状语（即修饰动词，整个句子）To our great surprise,innocent and impoverished Alan bought an expensive computer in the Computer City last week2. 从句简单句1，简单2。
I am Alan and I am 21 years old.1) 加连词，把句子连起来。
雅思 全套新东方ielts笔记 READING ★【汉魅】
2003年2月新东方寒假班的阅读笔记第一章介绍一、阅读的题型：有8种，主要考前5种1、标题对应：List of headings2、完形填空：Summary词数不超过55，每句话不超过15个，只考4—5个空，每个空都有选项；只考文章3个段落；1到2个形容词，其余是名词3、真假判断：TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN一般13题，要简单思维4、配对题：Matching人名和理论配对；论点和论据配对；概念与解释配对5、多项选择题：Multiple-choice只有一个答案是正确的，每个段落只有一个标题，一般限制在5个6、完成句子：Sentence completion——变形的Matching一般都给选项，根据语法手段做简单7、流程图填空：Flow charts确定范围，确定信息点在哪几个段落中概念指示词：i.e., that is, that is to say，它们前面是主概念，后面是分支概念8、图表填空题：table、diagram经典图表填空题，现在不考了二、文章类型1、欧洲及世界的社会发展、经济状况、科学动向及文化交流方面的文章（国际化、非专业化）2、地球及自然界的科学现象和地理现象方面的文章，如地球灾难3、重大事件，重要人物，重大发明三、文章出处1、***The Economist, Financial Time, Guardian (easy but profound)2、***National Geography, Science, Nature, Popular Science, New Scientist四、如何准备1、单词：4000单词+词组 7000左右2、语法：高中语法3、其它：视力、检索力五、分数段：根据考试情况可能会有些调整Academic Reading16—22：5分，19—22：5.5，23—28：6分，26—28：6.5，29—35：7分，32—35：7.5分六、一般性解题方法1、原则：（1）不要试图读懂文章（2）要随手记下有用的信息①每段主题句②对定位答案有特殊意义的词***注：专有名词：时间状语、数字、日期、地点、人名、温度、百分比、金钱符号、特殊印刷体（黑体、斜体、大写字母）、特殊标点符号（引号、冒号、画线、破折号）2、步骤：（1）扫瞄文章①文章标题，一般三种：正规标题、主标题+副标题、没有标题—一般段首句②文章的主题句和连接上下文的信号词顺承及递进：also, apart from, besides, more over, furthermore对比与转折：but, however, though, although, yet, on the other hand, nevertheless因果关系：as, because, for, since, owing to, thanks to, lead to, which in turn, as a result, result in /from, therefore举例说明：that is to say, such as, in other wards, for example, for instance③对定位答案有特殊意义的词④图表和示意图（2）分析题目①数题目②分析题目类型：结构类型：主题句细节类型：关键词③找出定位词：词与词之间的关系***注：定位词特殊性特殊词→表示概念的名词（主语、宾语）→表示状态的动词→形容词、副词避开：I, me, you, and, a, the, in, for, at, to（3）回原文定位答案：①结构主题句②细节：定位词所在句，有时还有其前后句③有时考虑同义、近义单词（4）检查答案：如果剩余5分种以下忽略此步①答题卡是否涂写正确②是否按题目要求答了，特别是是非判断题的要求第二章分题型讲解第一节标题对应：List of headings文章结构类型的题目一、总在文章之前二、答题时可能用罗马数字：ⅰ,ⅱ,ⅲ,ⅳ,ⅴ,ⅵ,ⅶ,ⅷ,ⅸ,ⅹ等三、注意：选项个数>=段落个数，每个选项一般只能用一次四、做题顺序：先看主题句，再看选项比较级的关系一般每段不会超过3个数字，除非该段对应大量数字this is, that is, it is都是定义句型，专门下定义，出现在首末句则为主题句和选项依据例子不用看假设要看全段时，先扫一下看标点读主题句时要确定范围第二节完形填空：Summary一、题型：1、纯粹填空式summary：原文3~4段的summary2、选项式summary：结合首末段的全文summary定位词：名词>数字、时间>动词>形容词二、纯粹填空式summary1、定位summary文章在原文中的位置：①根据题目要求②利用首末句定位2、分析每个空格的语法属性3、根据空格前后的信息回原文定位①Summary中的以下成分不会改变，作为定位依据A、句子主语，专有名词：时间状语、数字、日期、地点、人名、温度、百分比、金钱符号、特殊印刷体（黑体、斜体、大写字母）、特殊标点符号（引号、冒号、画线、破折号）B、单个动词+（名词）：定位动词，一般不变，与其它联用C、动词+介词+（名词）：定位介词，再定动词+介词结构D、动词+介词+（名词）+定、状、补或同位语：定位定、状、补或同位语E、（形容词）+名词：定位名词，找最近的形容词（可以是形容词、名词、分词、of+名词）F、（名词）+动词+名词：定位与空格后的谓语一致的语法结构，宾语一般不变4、注意事项：（1）题内严格按文章顺序排列（2）一般是3-4段的summary（3）答案全不来自原文，不需要自己总结名词有可能有单复数的变化动词有可能有时态、语态的变化三、选项式summary①句子短小，只有2、3个句子②只有2-3个空格③句式简单，没有复杂句（1）阅读summary文章，掌握大意，重点关注时间状语（2）分析每个空格的语法属性（3）分析每个选项词的词性（4）根据语法先行判断（5）回原文定位，重点阅读文章首尾部分***答案未必出现在原文中第三节真假判断：TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN一、基本情况1、大多数题目都是语言理解题，而非逻辑判断题2、在真实考试中不涉及任何修辞3、在真实考试中不涉及文化差异4、在真实考试中题目排列大致按原文顺序排列5、不涉及复杂的时态变换，只考同时态的动作、状态或数字精确6、如果题目中有时间、数字、百分比、温度、密度都只考数字的精确程度，不涉及范围大小的比较7、不涉及情态动词的比较：如may, must8、在真实考试中只涉及三个考点词：only, all, must。
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最新新东方听力笔记概述：一．雅思听力基本情况可做任何标记。
分数段：12-18：4分19-24：5分25-30：6分 31-35：7分36-38：8分39-40：9分根据难易要乘系数二．两个误区听懂核心词汇，掌握拼写。
极少考理解，多考记录信息点，所听即所得。
三．两个基本范围1． survival english （社会生活，人际交往等）2． academic english （学术类，教育类，热点话题）四．问题1．利用停顿时间抢读后面题目2．直接书写答案3．区分考试安排者声音，根据指导做题4．手眼耳并用，听看写一体五．雅思听力四大特点1. 国际口音：（英、美、澳）（英音50%，澳20%，美20%，其他10%）不利：习惯美音，不习惯英音，必须熟悉英音；有利：新口音（大西洋口音，适于中国人）；动词短语不是考试重点（掌握一般程度：第一个意思即可），去掉了很多地域性的方言。
2. 四段叙述：1、3section是对话，2、4section是陈述，一般来说难度递增。
不利：a.不知道听力磁带和题目间如何建立关系——采用顺序原则(85%)：答案顺序和问题顺序一致。
b.无法集中注意力（听力中不包含问题，无法对大脑产生刺激）——改变听力学习习惯，练习时应聚精会神，忌跑神和恐慌。
有利：不是每句话都要听懂，应试图听懂每一句包含答案的句子（先看题，再猜答案，然后做题）3. 边听边做：不利：a.阅读量大——要求快速阅读（技巧+能力）——速读b.写量大——要求手眼耳并用（加强听写能力，掌握四级单词听写）有利：a.不考推理、总结、归纳题，主要考查细节，所听即所得。
4. 题型多样：10种题型不利：不熟悉题型有利：难度较低六、听力应试策略短期目标：1.紧扣9套题，十种题型，十种场景。
2.记补充的单词和地名。
四级词汇(大学英语四级速听速记)。
3.精听六盘磁带。
中期目标：1.短期任务。
2.再做一点题。
听力强化最新指南，雅思听力课外强化教程，英语中级听力（关于hotel/resta urant，news不听）。
3.背单词。
长期目标：1.加强发音以及听音的训练。
2.再做一些题目。
3.精听英语中级听力。
七、听力学习方法错误：一心多用，太过放松；边听录音边看原文；听太难的材料；正确：1.专心致志2.复读3.听写八、正确的做题思路：分析题目，有的放听；抓住细节。
有效高效读完题目九、基本要求: 背听力单词（听力、地名），做到四会：听说读写。
重要场景听10遍以上，最好背过。
基本题型一、地图题（方位题，路线题）1.看地图，先抓图例、指向标、说明文字、起始点（实质：从某一点走向另外一点，标志词entrance gate、exit、door、where he’s speaking）2.扫描图中其他信息：街名、过道名、街区名、建筑物名3.读题4.听力开始后，按照听力磁带的叙述，用笔在图中随之画出路线(路线题)5.图中方向以说话人前进方向为左右，不能用自己的主观视角地图题: 1.看例子2.地图中常识原则（成比例）二、一般表格题：1.看表格的标题、图例、说明文字2.扫描表格横纵轴（先横轴，再纵轴），从中获取有用信息，重点扫描出题格3.只看出题空格（上看下看左看右看）4.观察题号排列，确定论述顺序（表格中如题号排列不规则，则100%符合顺序原则）*一般表格+多项选择：1.扫描横纵轴。
横轴抓核心词，纵轴抓内在顺序。
2.做题时小心经典陷阱——给超过需要答案的组数——抓住核心词3.注意给的信息套数和答案配套，并注意补充选项问：how + adj.，可用 very + adj. 回答三、判断正误并改错1. 扫描题目要求，看正确情况下的表达方式，划对勾还是true/yes/t/y (看好题目要求)2.只看出题的题干并划出核心词3.注意旧信息和新信息的差别，旧信息指画圈的词，听其前后有无否定词（hardly、few、bare、little）。
新信息是改错的答案。
4.改错的答案在形式上应与题干完全一致。
5.重要在读题阶段，看到有效信息四、问答题（和填空题是两大种难题）1.扫描问句中的疑问代词/副词，确定“问什么”。
（多是特殊疑问句wh——不能用yes/no回答）2.why——抓because,since,as,for……3.划出问句中的核心词（建议划圈）。
4. 注意问答题出现在1、3section 和2、4section的区别1、3section（对话）——试卷问题与磁带中说话人的发问的是否一致2、4section（陈述）——试卷问题与说话人反问、设问的是否一致5. 还原句子结构，变疑问句为陈述句6．出现否定词要划下来；出现says 答案一定出现在某人说的话中；问：how + adj.，可用 very + adj. 回答五、选择题㈠单项选择题1. 快速扫描题干，不看选项，画出题干中核心词2. 磁带开始后，再扫描题干（核心词），并依次扫描选项，比较四个选项之间的相同与不同（纵向扫描）3. 所听即所得原则4.一些常见做题原则：a. 顺序原则：磁带上出现好几个选项，最后一个提到的是正确答案b.最近答案原则：选项中没有和原文完全重合的，找离原文最近的选项c.陌生词原则：答案中有极陌生的词，一般不予考虑d.同质相斥原则e.何时核对答案：每个section结尾有30秒，根据印象对没有做出的选项做出判断（10-15s），剩下时间看下一个section。
听力结束后，有10m抄写答案，用4m, 其它时间推敲答案。
f.一般不要检查，如检查只检查是否符合常识g.不要选择太绝对性的判断㈡多项选择题：（选项在5个以上）（常和表格合在一起出）1.基本解题思路和单选一致，先扫描问题划出核心词（遇到生词：a.猜测发音b.划出作为核心词）2.多选题会明确告知正确答案数量3.注意答案写法（一个空写一个，唯一性）4.小心经典陷阱六、填空题㈠单句填空题(所给仅仅是一个句子，要求填空)1．看题：a.划核心词（否定形式要划，一定重读）b.划空前后处2．听题：a.注意核心词或其同义词的出现b.抓住空前后处的出现。
㈡summary （总结填空题）出题频率高、密度大（远高于一般的35~40s/题），难度大（听到和看到不完全一致，考同义词的转换）1.只读出题句子，并划出核心词和空前后。
2.抓出现空格句子的基本结构。
3.听写时抓核心词的同义词的出现；句子结构的替换；若未听到同义词和同意句则抓反复出现的核心词4.可以适当割肉。
5.写答案时，可以使用简写形式gym,dorm,fridge,u.s.,u.k，或开头字母，补全在每个section结尾做。
6.填空关键：能不能抓住句子的基本句型结构；能不能把听到的信息记下来。
（听写练习）㈢ outline (提纲填空题)信息量比较大,但出题量不大（考验阅读水平）1.第一遍读题时，当作阅读题来读。
寻找醒目处：标题，副标题，黑体字，斜体字，下划线……2.第二遍只看出题句子，并划出句子中核心词和空前后3.听题：注意核心词或其同义词的出现；抓住空前后处的出现。
4.其他同summary经典陷阱——如果看到填空题左右有一个用英文字母表示的数字，则空中一定填阿拉伯数字小技巧：单词拼写不会可尝试到题目中去找七、图画题：1.先看问题，后看图（带着问题看图）熟悉描述人物外表特征的词2.看图看出差别来八、搭配题(解决两组概念的联系)1.迅速浏览题目要求，看是否可以进行一一搭配2.迅速浏览题干和选项，确定可能的搭配关系（如果题目和选项数目一致，则是一一搭配；选项少于题干，少一个则有一个选项用两次，但每个选项都会用到；选项大于题干，则每个选项最多用一次，还有没用到的选项。
）3.迅速浏览题目和选项，并划出核心词。
4.当听力磁带开始时，确定听力磁带是以题干顺序还是以选项顺序展开。
如果磁带以选项顺序展开，眼睛来回扫描题干；如果以题干顺序展开，眼睛扫描选项。
5.实在听不懂，则当阅读题做。
找题干和选项之间的同义关系。
九、个人信息表格：考察写人名、地名、数字、专有名词的能力1.熟悉常考的项目写法：姓名、性别、电话号码、日期。
注意数字和字母的混合编码（邮政编码、车牌号）2.扫描题干，画核心词。
3.注意信息修正和非直接信息4.分辨十几和几十：抓最后的音，确定不了猜几十十、图例题1.扫描题目要求，确定图例性质，看图中有无暗示说话人说话顺序的图例2.迅速扫描图形扫描图中说明性信息，并特别关注图形中的特殊符号3.图例题符合顺序原则，所填内容具有相同性质4.抓依次出现的专有名词，或一些并列的动词短语十一、其他：次序混乱 :1.常出现在表格题和搭配题中（summary，问答题，选择题一般不会出现）2.看次序混乱是否发生，主要看example的位置——一般在后边做题信息前出现3.如果次序混乱出现，顺序原则失效。
这时做题抓横纵轴交叉点。
高级解题思路：试图理解说话人的说话逻辑、内在逻辑数字计算题：1、最好的方法是写出演算过程2、如听了一堆数字则最后一个为答案3、男女同学争执不下时，听女同学的推理归纳题：（少见，较难）1、听完磁带后凭整体印象猜2、割肉3、回头运用技巧做题常考场景1、租房场景（首先辨别是租房还是买房。
租房的规律为：离市中心越近，房价越高，位置稍偏，价钱会比较有吸引力，但便宜的房子一般有不理想的地方；另外电话询问看房子时：意为配备家具。
）2、课外研究场景.（主要是在课外研究一些小的项目，小的调查研究，包括对学校里各个地方，食品(咖啡、小吃)等价格的比较。
对这些东西不可不屑一顾，这也是与文化背景有关，外国人注重从小培养人的实践能力，看《成长的烦恼》中那个小男孩本，研究毛毛虫那么用心就可理解了。
这部分主要注意听力，特别关注的是人名，并注意先判断男女。
）3、图书馆场景考点为：使用须知、作品名称、哪年出版、作者姓名、借出费用、几时到期、欠款多少等。
4、地理场景 ( 城市基本概况：name, population, climate, language, main industry, main attract ions,advantage/disadvantage) 一般是司机、导游5、计算机房场景（计算机基本软硬件术语，网络术语）6、选课场景course shopping（课程名称、课程安排、对语言的选择、选择级别、选课的时间和日期以及申请人）7、新生报到会orientation talk（一般向新生介绍学校的设施，选课情况，注意事项、学校的历史，如何注册，应该做什么，不应该做什么。
）8、度假场景（度假地的选择、交通工具的选择和住处的选择，订机票、房间（细节）9、日程活动介绍场景（包括会议、节日、组织旅游等。
要避免经典陷阱，即听力原文出现的并不是所需要的答案。
另外常考的是会议地点，一般是在国家的首都。