动词不定式用法经典例句总结知识分享

动词不定式用法例句总结

定义

（语态）动词和参与此动作的主语之间关系的一个术语。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语

态；

如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party. （不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited 是被邀请）It was impossible for lost time to be made up. （不定式作主语）

I wish to be sent to work in the country. （不定式作宾语）

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired? （不定式作定语）

He went to the hospital to be exam in ed. （不定式作状语）

My work is to clea n the room every day. （不定式作表语）

在There be 结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of （to be taken care of）. 但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：There is noth ing to do now.（ We have nothi ng to

do no w.） There is nothing to be done no w.（We can do nothing no w.）

形式

1）现在式：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之

后。一般为：动词+ to do sth

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you aga in. = I hope that r II see you aga in. 我希望再见至M尔。

2）完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

rm sorry to have give n you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3）进行式：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eat ing someth ing.

4）完成进行式：

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在表示情绪的动词后加to do也表将来

疑问词

疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how

语等。如：

①W hen to leave for London has not bee n decided yet.

② Mr. Smith did n't know whether to leave or stay there.

③ I asked Professor Xu how to lear n En glish well.

④The questi on was where to get the medici ne n eeded.

以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的

could lear n ......... 后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表

（不定式在句子中做主语）

（不定式在句子中做宾语）

（不定式在句子中做直接宾语）

（不定式在句子中表语）

从句形式。如：①When we shall leave …③• -how I

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out,forget,hear,k no w,lea 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find

rn, observe ,un dersta nd,w on der 等。

作主语

It's so nice to hear your voice. 听至 M 尔的声音真高兴。

It's necessary for you to lock the car whe n you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用 单数，其位置有以下两种:

⑴把不定式置于句首。如:

To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。 To make up for lost time is not possible. 要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。 To lea n out of the win dow is dan gerous. 身子探出窗外很危险。 To save money now seems impossible.

现在好像不可能存钱。

(2)用it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如: ① lt+be+ 名词 +to do

It's our duty to take good care of the old. 照顾老人是我们的责任。 It is an offence to drop litter in the street. 在马路上乱丢废物是违章的。

② It takes sb+some time+to do

How long did it take you to finish the work? 你花了多少时间来完成这项工作? ③ It+be+ 形容词 +for sb+to do

It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 我们难以在四分之一小时内完成这

篇作文。

It is stupid of you to write dow n everyth ing (that) the teacher says. 你把老师说的所有东西都记下来的行为是

很愚蠢的。

④ It seems(appears)+ 形容词 +to do It seemed impossible to save mon ey.

在句型 ③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：

difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary

等；在句

型④中，常用 careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise 等 表示赞扬或批评的词。

在不定式前的 sb ，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于

Sb is+形容词+to do 句式，如：It's kind of you to

help me with my En glish.=You are kind to help me with my En glish.

⑤ It + 不定式结构可位于 believe/consider/discover/expect/find/think 禾口 wonder 之后

He thought it would be safer to go by trai n. 他认为乘火车比较安全。

He will find it is hard to make frie nds. 他会感觉到交朋友困难。

⑥ 不定式的完成式也可作句子的主语

To have made the same mistake twice was un forgivable.

两次犯同样的错误是不可原谅的。

It is better to have loved and lost tha n never to have loved at all. 爱过而后失去了爱，比从未爱过要好。

(3)举例

(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.

我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, importa nt, possible, impossible, comfortable, n ecessary, better;

the first, the n ext, the last, the best, too much, too little, not eno ugh

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