TheDanglingModifier悬垂修饰专题培训课件
悬垂修饰语
4. To appreciate the English language,
主语是人
reading must be done. (谁欣赏英语语言？)
主语是“阅读”
---- To appreciate the English language, you must read ( a lot).
Exercise: revise the sentences
1.
2. Swimming at the lake, a rock cut Jim’s foot. ---- Swimming at the lake, Jim cut his foot on a rock. ---- When Jim was swimming at the lake, he cut his foot on a rock.
Examples: 介词短语引起的错误：
1.
After three hours of practice, a large
主语是人
mug(大杯) of beer was what the thirsty
主语是“啤酒”
players wanted. (谁锻炼？) ----After practicing for three hours, a large mug(大杯) of beer was what the thirsty players wanted.
托福语法悬垂修饰语讲解
DANGLING MODIFIERSThe subject of the main clause must be the same as the understood subject of the introductory phrase.In other words,the introductory phrase modifies the subject of the main clause.INTRODUCTORY PHRASEMAIN CLAUSELooking at his watch,Mr .Jones SUBJECTgot up and left.Who looked at his watch?Mr .Jones Who got up and left?Mr .JonesINTRODUCTORY PHRASEMAIN CLAUSECompared to his father ,John SUBJECTis a tall man.Who is compared to his father?John Who is a tall man?JohnINTRODUCTORY PHRASEMAIN CLAUSETo make a collect phone call,Mary SUBJECTmust speak to the operator .Who is making a collect phone call?Mary Who must speak to the operator?MaryINTRODUCTORY PHRASEMAIN CLAUSEWhile a dancer in New Y ork,Kathy SUBJECTinjured her leg.Who was a dancer in New York?Kathy Who injured her leg?Kathy...........................................................................................................................................................Error ExamplesWRONG:Running home from school,a dog bit me.RIGHT:Running home from school ,I was bitten by a dog.WRONG:When only a child,my father took me to the circus.RIGHT:When only a child ,I was taken to the circus by my father.WRONG:Hidden in his pocket,George left the room with the key.RIGHT:Having hidden the key in his pocket ,George left the room.WRONG:To understand the directions,they must be read carefully.RIGHT:To understand the directions,one must read them carefully.Skill Builder: Dangling ModifiersDirections:Write a “C”on the line if the sentence is correct.Write an “X”on the line if there is a dangling-modifier error.1.Playing in the street,the truck hit the child.2.By painting and repairing as needed,your home can be kept in good condition.3.Before leaving,Jane kissed me goodbye.4.Addressed and stamped,I dropped the letter in the slot.5.While a student at college,my mother met my father.6.Walking toward the church,the stained-glass windows looked beautiful.7.To understand the subject,a great deal of studying must be done.8.Skiing down the steep hill,my heart beat crazily.9.Watching her daughter play,Mary thought about life as a mother.10.Once learned,a language cannot easily be forgotten.11.When only a child,my father taught me how to play soccer.12.Studying and reading,the day passed quickly.13.To make a good cup of coffee,one must begin with high-quality coffee beans.14.Sitting alone in his room,the strange noise frightened him.15.Wrapped in pretty,green paper,Phyllis put the package on the table............................................................................................................................................................。
垂悬修饰语
Dangling Modifier垂悬修饰语Dangling modifiers are verbal phrases (participial, gerund, infinitive), or prepositional phrases, or elliptical clauses that do not refer clearly and logically to any word in the sentence. Because of the use of a dangling modifier, such a sentence is not coherent and may be hard to understand.To eliminate dangling modifiers, we can firstly name the proper or logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause; secondly change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause; thirdly combine the phrase and the main clause into one.A. Dangling participle phrase[Use the logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.][Change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause.]B. Dangling gerund phrase[Use the logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.][Change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause.]C. Dangling infinitive phrase[Use the logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.][Combine the phrase and the main clause into one sentence.]D. Dangling prepositional phrase[Change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause.]E. Dangling elliptical clause[Name the logical doer of the action as the subject of the clause.]Each of the following sentences contains a dangling modifier. Correct them.1. To take good pictures, a good camera must be used. (Dangling infinitive phrase)Revised1: A good camera must be used to take good pictures.[Combine the phrase and the main clause into one sentence.]Revised2: To take good pictures, you must use a good camera must be used.[Use the logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.]2. By doing right all the time, your conscience will not trouble you. (Dangling gerund phrase) Revised: If you do right all the time, your conscience will not trouble you.[Change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause.]3. Having submitted the conference registration form after the deadline, special permission by the chairperson was needed before she could give her presentation. (Dangling participle phrase)Revised: Having submitted the conference registration form after the deadline, she needed special permission from the chairperson before she could give her presentation.[Use the logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.]4. When purchasing a cellular phone, the wide variety of calling plans and features overwhelms many people.Revised 1: When purchasing a cellular phone, many people become overwhelmed by the wide variety of calling plans and features.Revised 2: When many people purchase a cellular phone, the wide variety of calling plans and features overwhelms them.5. When in diapers, my mother remarried. (Dangling elliptical clause)Revised: When I was in diapers, my mother remarried.[Use the doer of the action as the subject of the elliptical clause.]6. The evening passed very pleasantly, drinking coffee and singing karaoke.We passed the evening passed very pleasantly, drinking coffee and singing karaoke.7. At the age of five, my mother taught me how to play the piano. (Dangling prepositional phrase) Revised: When I was five, my mother taught me how to play the piano.[Change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause.]8. Cooked in a sweet and sour sauce, he baked a delicious ham.He baked a delicious ham in a sweet and sour sauce.9. After releasing the suspect, new evidence was given to the police. After releasing the suspect, the police were given new evidence. 10. If lost, we shall have to pay compensation for the room key.If the room key is lost, we shall have to pay compensation for it.。
English Writing Course误置修饰语垂悬修饰语
Misplaced prepositional phrases 误置介词短语
----Since prepositional phrases can function as either adjectives or adverbs, they will cause confusion when misplaced. Faulty: The Alps attract climbers with sheer stone faces. ----The Alps with sheer stone faces attract climbers.
5. As a rule, my father usually worked late into the night. Revised: As a rule, my father worked late into the night. 6. We wish to improve our work better. Revised: We wish to improve our work. 7. Slowly and sluggishly, the river flows through the delta. Revised: Sluggishly, the river flows through the delta.
Misplaced and dangling modifiers
11.垂悬修饰语
34. To learn Chinese cooking, a lot of practice is necessary.
35. Before gaining admittance to the house, a bell must be rung.
To be frank, I don't think he is the right person for the job.
Generally speaking, girls at this age are more mature than boys.
To sum up, our vacation was a disaster from start to finish.
10. After graduation, they assigned me to teach at a middle school in the suburbs.
11. To be admitted to a college, the entrance examination must be passed.
3．不定式短语
误：To play tennis well, the racket must be held properly.
正：To play tennis well, one must hold the racket properly.
正：If one wishes to play tennis well, he must hold the racket properly.
英语悬垂修饰2003
Having finished the assignment, the TV was turned on. "Having finished" is a participle expressing action, but the doer is not the TV set (the subject of the main clause): TV sets don't finish assignments. Since the doer of the action expressed in the participle has not been clearly stated, the participial phrase is said to be a dangling modifier.
Having arrived late for practice, a written excuse was needed.
Having arrived late for practice, the team captain needed a written excuse.
2.
Change the phrase that dangles into a complete introductory clause by naming the doer of the action in that clause:
revision: To succeed we should do a lot of works.
大学四级英语写作解析PPT课件
四级作文2分样卷
I saw the Traffic Accident in Tianjin Road. The Traffic Accident has been at the morning, May 1 Two children by bike went to school. A car is so fast, the streel. And the car touched two children by bike, and the Traffic Accident has happened. One is touched so far way and the other is put down. Mary people come here, and they sent to two children who go to Hospiton.
第14页/共44页
四级作文8分样卷
I think the accident mostly attributed to such
reasons: Firstly and the foremost, it was the
carelessness of both of the drivers that mostly
第6页/共44页
四级作文题目
• Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witn ess account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
垂悬修饰语
Dangling Modifier垂悬修饰语Dangling modifiers are verbal phrases (participial, gerund, infinitive), or prepositional phrases, or elliptical clauses that do not refer clearly and logically to any word in the sentence. Because of the use of a dangling modifier, such a sentence is not coherent and may be hard to understand.To eliminate dangling modifiers, we can firstly name the proper or logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause; secondly change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause; thirdly combine the phrase and the main clause into one.A. Dangling participle phrase[Use the logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.][Change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause.]B. Dangling gerund phrase[Use the logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.][Change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause.]C. Dangling infinitive phrase[Use the logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.][Combine the phrase and the main clause into one sentence.]D. Dangling prepositional phrase[Change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause.]E. Dangling elliptical clause[Name the logical doer of the action as the subject of the clause.]Each of the following sentences contains a dangling modifier. Correct them.1. To take good pictures, a good camera must be used. (Dangling infinitive phrase)Revised1: A good camera must be used to take good pictures.[Combine the phrase and the main clause into one sentence.]Revised2: To take good pictures, you must use a good camera must be used.[Use the logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.]2. By doing right all the time, your conscience will not trouble you. (Dangling gerund phrase) Revised: If you do right all the time, your conscience will not trouble you.[Change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause.]3. Having submitted the conference registration form after the deadline, special permission by the chairperson was needed before she could give her presentation. (Dangling participle phrase)Revised: Having submitted the conference registration form after the deadline, she needed special permission from the chairperson before she could give her presentation.[Use the logical doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.]4. When purchasing a cellular phone, the wide variety of calling plans and features overwhelms many people.Revised 1: When purchasing a cellular phone, many people become overwhelmed by the wide variety of calling plans and features.Revised 2: When many people purchase a cellular phone, the wide variety of calling plans and features overwhelms them.5. When in diapers, my mother remarried. (Dangling elliptical clause)Revised: When I was in diapers, my mother remarried.[Use the doer of the action as the subject of the elliptical clause.]6. The evening passed very pleasantly, drinking coffee and singing karaoke.We passed the evening passed very pleasantly, drinking coffee and singing karaoke.7. At the age of five, my mother taught me how to play the piano. (Dangling prepositional phrase) Revised: When I was five, my mother taught me how to play the piano.[Change the phrase into a complete clause by naming the doer of the action in the clause.]8. Cooked in a sweet and sour sauce, he baked a delicious ham.He baked a delicious ham in a sweet and sour sauce.9. After releasing the suspect, new evidence was given to the police. After releasing the suspect, the police were given new evidence. 10. If lost, we shall have to pay compensation for the room key.If the room key is lost, we shall have to pay compensation for it.。
dangling modifier
谢谢聆听
三种要注意的特殊情况
3. •当状语对整个句子进行修饰时，此时状语已经不再是垂悬修饰 语，我们可以讲该部分看做句子的独立状语部分或插入语。比 如： • To be frank, I really hate your green coat. It is lame. • Generally speaking，women are more sensitive than men.
垂悬不定式短语
•To appreciate the English language, reading must be done. •To welcome the president, the classroom was swept thoroughly. •To join the team, a C average or better is necessary. •由此可以看出，在这三个句子中，前后主语并不一致，因此， 都犯了悬垂修饰语的错误。 •可以改为： •To appreciate the English language, we must do some reading. •To welcome the president, we swept the classroom thoroughly. •To join the team, we must have a C average or better.
Dangling Modifier
目录
一
定义
垂悬修饰语是指一个句子中同其他词没有明显修饰 关系的成分。一般都出现在句子的句首，用作状语。 判断该词组是否为垂悬修饰语的基本原则是看它逻 辑意义上的主语是否与所在句子的主语相一致，如 不一致，该状语就成了垂悬修饰语。
目录
二、dangling modifier 的分类及举例
英语语法关于悬垂分词 PPT
problems about the acceptability of “dangling participles”
• Only “dangling” constructions are objectionable or unacceptable that cause ambiguity or suggest aburd interpretations、 Form pedagogical point of view, however, beginners in English should not be encouraged to use “dangling” constructions unless in scientific writing、
C、 be
• 答案B、 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动 的含义。spoken,在句中作定语,修饰主语 language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。 该句能够理解为:What's the language (which
is) spoken in German?
Conclusion on participle
• 分词作状语,能够表示时间,原因,理由,条件,让步,连续 等,相当于一个状语从句。例如:
• Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call、 由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了个电话。
• As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call、
Conclusion on participle
• 分词作插入语 • 分词作插入语的结构是固定的,意思上的主
关于悬垂结构的认知解析和应用
关于悬垂结构的认知解析和应用摘要：在学习英语写作的阶段中，我们发现了英语语法中一种特殊的语言现象——悬垂结构，这种语法特别之处在于语言的错误使用，但是在现代英语中，这种结构有其可接受性以及不可接受性，所以我们在平时写作时使用悬垂结构时要根据具体情况具体分析。
关键词：悬垂结构，独立主格结构，特殊的语言现象一、垂悬结构（Dangling modifier）的定义和垂悬结构分类垂悬结构, 常常被认为是一种语法错误, 指的是一个句子成分，一般出现在句首做状语时，找不到要修饰的词语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑，因而使其看起来与句子其他部分没有关系，这个句子成分便处于悬浮状态，一般称其为悬垂结构。
垂悬结构可以被分为不可接受的垂悬结构和可接受的垂悬结构。
二、不可接受的垂悬结构可以被分为五种类型：（一）悬垂分词（Dangling Participle）：例句: Looking out of the window, the grassland stretches as far as the eye can reach.（二）垂悬动名词和介词短语（dangling gerunds& Prepositional Phrase）：例句：On entering the classroom, the students stood up and said:” Good morning!”（三）垂悬不定式（Dangling Infinitives）:例句: To get ready for the trip, all the things she needed wereput into a suitcase.（四）垂悬省略从句（Dangling Elliptical Clause）：例句: When a baby, my grandfather gave me a silver cup.三、不可接受垂悬结构的修改方法。
垂悬修饰对象必须紧跟其后，否则修饰语就失去了被修饰的对象，很容易产生歧义。
Dangling_modifiers
Here's an example:
Having finished the assignment, the TV was turned on.
Analysis:
“Having finished” is a participle expressing action, but the doer(行为者) is not the TV set (the subject of the main clause): TV set doesn‘t finish assignment. Since the doer of the action which expressed in the participle has not been clearly stated, the participial phrase is said to be a dangling modifier. So the correct one should be:” Having finished the assignment, Kevin turned on the TV.”
Having arrived late for practice, the team captain needed a written excuse.(√)
2. Change the phrase that dangles into a complete introductory clause by naming the doer of the action in that clause .
– the infinitive must take the sentence subject as its logical subject.
I have a question
句子平行结构ppt课件
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用句号分隔；用分号分隔；用并列连词连 接；用连接副词连接；使用从句。
• The girls scored higher in math. The boys scored higher in verbal skills.
• The girls scored higher in math; the boys scored higher in verbal skills.
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句子的基本特点：在语法和逻辑上是一个完 整的意义表达单位。有完整的主谓结构（至 少有一个主语和谓语）
• 1. Since there is a lack of interest. There is a great lack of information.
• 2. I look forward to holidays. For example, Thanksgiving and Christmas.
• 3. Jane is young, enthusiastic and she has talent.
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Sentence Structure Problems
• 1. Sentence Fragments 残缺句 • 2. Run-On Sentence 接排句 • 3. Misplaced Modifiers 误置修饰语 • 4. Dangling Modifiers 悬垂修饰语
• He only suggested them, he didn’t insist on
them.
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Dangling Modifiers 悬垂修饰语
要注意悬垂修饰语要与主语有逻辑关系
• Looking up at the sky, the sun went under a cloud.
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Dangling Gerund(悬垂动名词)
The dangling gerund phenomenon is limited, but we should make a distinction between it and dangling participle. The dangling gerund show a state, and the dangling participle show an action. Use the dangling gerund, please pay attention to the confused logic. 悬垂动名词作状语的现象不太多，但要分清它和悬垂现在 分词的区别。悬垂动名词多表示一种状态,而悬垂现在分词 多表示一种动作。使用悬垂动名词时，请注意逻辑关系的 混乱。
一般而言，修饰语都必须有被修饰的对象 ,倘若 某个从句或短语在句中找不到自己要修饰的词语 , 或者与任何词语都没有逻辑上的联系 , 初看好像修 饰某个词语，但实际上什么也没有修饰，而是处于
悬浮状态，无处着落。那么这种修饰语就被称为悬 垂修饰语 。
二、The types of Dangling Modifier
Dangling Present Participle ：
Arriving at Beijing , my friend was waiting for me at the station.
revised：
One is to increase participle logic subject, and the second is to change participial phrase into clauses 一是增加分词的逻辑主语， 二是把分词短语变成从 句。 ① Arriving at Beijing ,I found my friend was waiting for me at the station. ② When I arrived at Beijing , my friend was waiting for me at the station.
Dangling Past Participle ：
1.Flattened by the impact, Jane surveyed her wrecked bike. revised： Jane surveyed her wrecked bike, which was flattened by the impact.
Dangling Participle (悬垂分词) Dangling Gerund(悬垂动名词) Dangling Infinitive(悬垂不定式) Dangling Elliptical Clause(悬垂省略从句) Dangling Prepositional Phrase (悬垂介
The dangling infinitive is hard to be accepted generally. Because we can't tell the logical relationship between them.
词短语)
Dangling Participle (悬垂分词)
It is very common for a sentence to begin with a participle phrase that modifies the subject of the main clause ,but problem arise if the subject is a word to which the participle cannot logically apply. 一般来说。分词结构如果出现在句首，通常是以句 子的主语作为自己的主语的。但有时分词的主语与 其所在句中的主语并不一致。如果一种分词结构无 法确定其逻辑主语，就会引起悬垂修饰语。
2. In talking with my students, they told me of their suggestions. ×
When I was talking with my students, they told me of their suggestions. √
Dangling Infinitive(悬垂eam members： 胡丽萍 马飞
孙文 杨庆
Content
一、What’s the Dangling Modifier 二、The types of Dangling Modifier 三、How to revise the Dangling Modifier 四、The application of Dangling Modifier
例如：
1. Approaching the guard rail on Lookout Mountain,
a vast expanse of farmland could be seen. ×
When we approached the guard rail on Lookout Mountain, a vast expanse of farmland could be seen. √
一、What’s the Dangling Modifier
Example:
Hearing the bad news, her heart broke.
听到这个坏消息，她的心碎了。
hearing the bad news的逻辑主语 she，而句子的主语为 her heart 。即 句子的逻辑主语与主语不一致。