动词不定式的用法
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动词不定式的用法
概念:
动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to
是不定式标志,没有词义。不定式具有名词、
形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的
时态和语态的特点及作用。可以做主语、宾
语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。
一、作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语
动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1) 把不定式置于句首。如:
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2) 用it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定
式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
① It + be + 名词+ to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old. ② It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
③ It + be + 形谷词+ b + to do
It is difficult for us to finish for swriting the composition in a quarter of an hour. 在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词, 如:
easy, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary, better;
the first, the next,
too much, too little, not enough
④ It + be +形容词+ of sb + to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
在句型④中,常用
careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,la zy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude, clever, important, comfortable, the last, the best
foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless (欠考虑的;
不考虑的), brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等表示赞扬或批评的词。
在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一
句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+ to do 句
式,如:It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my
English.
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+ to do It
seemed impossible to save money.
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
注意:1)其他系动词如,look ,appear 等也可用于此句型
2)不定式作为句子主语时,动词用单数
形式。
3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to的句
对应性:To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
二、作宾语
1)以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语
afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim (力求做到),appear (显得),arrange (安排), ask (要求),attempt (试
图),care (想要),choose (决定),claim (声称),condescen(d 屈尊),consen(t 准许),decide
(决定),demand (要求),determine
(决心) , endeavor (竭力),expect (期待), fail (未履行),help (帮助),hesitate (犹豫), hope (希
望),lear n (学会),man age
(设法),neglect (疏忽),offer (主动提出),plan (计戈U),prepare (准备),
pretend (假装),proceed (接着做),promise (答应),prove (证明),refuse (拒绝),
resolve (解决),seem (觉得好像),swear (发誓),tend (往往会),threaten (威胁),undertake (承诺),volunteer (自愿做),vow (发誓),want (想要),wish (希望)
举例:
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案
2) 动词+疑问词+ 不定式
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
、
[亠、J、
$-------- A.
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy. 有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。