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（1）Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolved round criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.Most television crime drama is about finding th e criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminal is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks, little effort is spent on searching.Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force, they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants, they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-minded — as he see it— of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detective feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical(愤世嫉俗的).（2）Scientists have developed a water treatment system that they say is a powerful but simple way to save lives．Four grams of chemicals can treat ten liters of dirty water for a low cost, about ten cents．Experts say infections from dirty water kill several thousand children in developing countries every day．The Procter and Gamble company has been developing the “PUR Purifier of Water” system since nineteen ninety-five．The company hasbeen working with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention． tested it in Pakistan and Kenya．Procter and Gamble researcher Greg Allgood says cases of diarrhea(腹泻)in those studies fell by about fifty percent．Researchers from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland tested the system at a refugee camp in Liberia．Mister Allgood says that study found a reduction of more than ninety percent．Use of the system is being expanded worldwide．Findings were described last week at an American Chemical Society meeting．Mister Allgood heads the Children's Safe Drinking Water program at Procter and Gamble．He says about forty million packets of the treatment have been given to countries for free．They have been used in emergencies and in areas with limited supplies of clean water．Clean water is a limited resource in many parts of the world．Delegates from about one hundred and thirty nations attended the Fourth World Water Forum in Mexico City．Scientists, policy experts and others discussed ways to provide clean water to the world's poor．Organizers say more than twenty percent of the world population lack clean drinking water．He final declaration did not go so far as to declare water a human right．But it did say that governments，not private companies，must take the lead in improving the public's ability to have clean Water．Title: A Small Packet of 1 a big Effect on Water（3）The modern Olympic Games were founded with the intention of improving health and education, promoting world peace and encouraging fair and equal competition. But over the years, “Faster, higher, stronger” has pushed scientists as well as athletes to do everything possible to reach new levels.Doctors, engineers and coaches all use everything science can offer to achieve that little bit extra in competition. The reason modern technology has become part of sport is very simple: winning is just as important as it was 2,500 years ago at the Olympics of ancient Greece.Development in technology has often been reflected in the methods of training and performance used at the Olympics through history. This technology falls into two main groups: improving an athlete’s performance in competition, and allowing results to be measured more accurately.One of the creations that have drawn the most attention is the new high-tech swimsuit from Speedo, which was used by most US swimmers in Athens. Until Sydney 2000, it was thought that the smaller the swimsuit, the faster the swimmer would travel.“However, the fact that at the Sydney Olympics, 28 of the 33 gold medalists were wearing the body covering Fastskin suit proved the theory was out of date,” said Andy Thomas, vice-president of Speedo.The company’s full body suit is supposed to make swimmers 3 to 4 percent faster, particularly when turning or diving into the water. It is believed that the suit creates less water resistance as it moves, behaving more like a shark skin than a human skin.The introduction of high-tech equipment means that athletes in all sports, from the 100-metre sprint (短跑) to the pole vault (撑杆跳高), can now train more effectively and nourish (给…以营养) their bodies better.Meanwhile, scientific development also means performances can be measured and studied far more accurately. Not only are winning times more accurately recorded, but cheating athletes are also easier to catch out. According to International Olympic Committee (IOC) requirements, two independent measuring systems should be used at all venues (比赛地点). Athens 2004 organizers used only the very latest equipment to measure distance and speed.（4）Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to push an elderly woman aside to take the last remaining seat on the underway or bus.This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with politeness and that those who go out to work should take their turns in the rat race like anyone else. But women have never claimed to be physically strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, the fact remains that courtesy(礼节) should be shown to the old and the sick. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently(冷漠地) reading the paper or a book, saying to oursel ves, “First come, first served” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple(残障者) stands Yet this is all too often seen.Older people, tired and impatient from a day’s work, are not always considerate either — far from it. Many arguments break out as the older people push and squeeze(挤)each other to get on buses. One cannot approve this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.It seems urgent, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite.Shop assistants won’t bother to assist; taxi drivers shout at each other as they dash dangerously around corners; bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have time to get on or off the bus, and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young to do their small part to stop such lowering of moral standards.Title：Manners in Metropolitan Cities（5）Leonardo DicaprioIt’s not only his 2007 feature –length documentary on global warning, The 11th Hour, that cast Leo to the near –top spot of this but it’s his decade – long ongoing commitment to the cause. For one thing, he’s been living in an eco –friendly apartment since the late 90’s. Besides, he also created a state – of –art green hotel on an island he owns off the coast of Belize.Cameron DiazDespite her toothy grin and party –girl reputation, this Charlie’s Angel is serious about the Earth, which is pretty cool considering how much the kids look up her. She has taken a leadership position in the Environmental Media Association (EMA), an organization that uses the influence of media personalities to advance conservation and sustainable living, and she regularly chats about how to live greener to magazines and late – night talk show hosts. Her knowledge and passion for the environment so impressed Al Gore that Diaz was selected as a presenter for his documentary, An Inconvenient Truth.Greenest Gesture: Hosting “Trippin” on MTV, a show on how to be eco –friendly when you travel.Natalie PortmanThe actress has been a vegetarian since the ago of 9 and an active animal rights activist for several years. In 2008, she designed a line of high – fashion shoes that use no animal products, which have been a hot success. She has brought the concept of green fashion design to the forefront.Greenest Gesture: All profits from the her footwear line are donated to environmental preservation organizations.Edward NortonPlaying the Incredible Hulk wasn’t Edward’s first time going green. He has been championing energy preservation for y ears. He hosted Planet Earth’s “Strange Days” series and was the celebrity face of the “Earth Hour” champion in March 2009, making multiple publicity appearances for the event.Greenest Gesture: Starting up Solar Neighbors, an organization that offers free solar power energy system to low – income families in L.A.Brad PitBrad Pit is helping to rebuild Katrina – stricken New Orleans and donating $ 5 million of his own money to Make. It Right, an adopt –a –green –home campaign that he hopes will help restore the still storm –stricken Lower 9th Ward. For every $ 150,000 that comes in, a family will get a home. And not just any house – these will be so eco – friendly and disaster –proof, they’ll even float!Greenest Gesture: The 150 houses built with green technology in the Lower 9th Ward.Ed Begley, Jr.The former star of St. Lesewhere has been “green” since 1970. That year he started driving an electric vehicle and making intensive recycling efforts. He has a house completely powered by solar and wind power, and the guy may be the only L.A. resident biking in to meetings, events, and awards shows.Greenest Gesture: The show he hosts on Planet Green, “Living with Ed”, andhis own chemical – free house cleaning product available on his website.(6)Are you a procrastinatorFollowing a schedule and doing things on time is extremely important in today’s busy world.Unfortunately, not everyone is good at doing this. Many people are procrastinators;they put offdoing things that they need to until it’s too late.We all put off doing things at times. Statistics show that 90% of university students will often put off studying for a test or writing an important paper the night before, 25% of university students put off almost everything all the time. This more serious form of procrastination can result in a student dropping out of school. Students who put off doing their assignments once in a while get further and further behind in their studies. Before long, they feel completely helpless. For the chronic（长期的）procrastinator, often the only way to solve this problem is to quit school.According to recent studies, there are three main reasons that students put off doing things. First, many have poor time-management skills and often try to do too much in too little time. In the end, these students often feel helpless and will put off doing many things they need to. Another reason why students put off doing things is that they feel a subject is boring and have something because they don’t like it. a third reason why many students put off doing things is that they oftenworry that their work will never be as good as it should be and fear failure of any kind, which, unfortunately , can often cause these students to put off doing any work at all.Do you recognize any of these signs in yourself If so, you may want to do something about your tendency towards procrastination. The following five tips may be helpful.First, list the things in life that are important to you, and then list the reasons why you are at school or university. Look at the two lists and see where they match. Is there something you need to do in order to achieve a life goal Second, chose realistic goals for yourself; don’t try to do more than you can.Third, once you have identified our goals, list them and ask yourself “Which should I do first” As you become more aware of what you need to do and when you need to do it, you will feel more in control and will be able to complete tasks on time.Fourth, manage your time wisely. Create a schedule that allows adequate time for accomplishing a goal; for example, your schedule should give you enough time to study for and pass a test, as well as time to relax.Finally, when you accomplish a goal, do something good for yourself as a reward.If you believe that you are a chronic procrastinator, you should try to get help before it is too late. Talk to a professional, and discuss the problem. If you are a mild procrastinator, make sure to keep yourself motivated, but don’t worry too much. Remember-we all put off doing things at times.Title: Are you a procrastinator(7)Some days you wake up and right when you are going to begin your work, you feel a presence within you that stops you from doing so. You don’t want to work today and you don’t feel motivated to do anything but just escape. Without this motivation, you feel a little hopeless, lost, and stuck. But sometimes even if there is no motivation, you can still feel inspired.Connect the DotsSteve Jobs has never finished college. After studying in college for 6 months, he couldn’t see the value in it and dropped o ut. Not knowing where to go in life, he decided to take a class in calligraphy (书法). Ten years later, he designed something that has affected the different types of typography (排版) that we use today. If he hadn’t dropped out in college, he would never have taken that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography.Sometimes when you’re trying to reach a goal, it’s impossible to connect the dots where you currently are. Somehow you just have to trust yourself, and have faith that you will reach your dreams, despite not having the slightest clue or perfectly laid-out road to where you are going. Nobody can connect the dots looking forward; you only can connect them when you’re looking backwards. You have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in the future; you have to trust in something, whether it’s destiny (天数，命运) or not, but trusting yourself is the first step towards feeling inspired and having the motivation to move forward.Perfect Your EnvironmentLook around your room right now or your workspace. Does it inspire you Does it give you motivation Is it noisy or quiet Sometimes the hardest thing we do to ourselves is try to force ourselves to work in an area that is subconsciously telling us, “I can’t work here.”And when you are constantly trying to discipline yourself, you will feel worse andbe less productive. Instead try to build your ideal workplace and ideal time. Perhaps add a piece of artwork or a quote of your favorite person nearby you on the wall. Maybe add a beautiful plant in the corner to give you inspiration. If you feel more energy and enthusiasm during the night, schedule your day to work at midnight if you can. If you can realize the power of having a productive environment, you will naturally feel inspired and motivated to get work done.Don’t Work So HardIf you’re trying to force your way into taking action, it could be a sign that you are working too hard. Most people won’t wake up and waste an hour imagining, thinking further, or confirming, and the first thing they think about is asking “what do I need to do today” And when they get the answer, they feel miserable, as if their work suddenly weighs them down. But if you spend time focusing on your goals, you’ll receive good feelings—feelings that help you feel inspired and motivated to take real action.Don’t try to paddle upstream. That just basically equals saying to yourself that you need to force yourself to work hard every day. Instead, paddle along the stream of the river. Trust yourself, let your environment work in your favor, and spend some a little bit of time putting yourself in a state before you work. Inspiration will come to you from different ways—inside and outside—and give you the motivation to guide yourself towards reaching your dreams.(8)You probably already know that you can lose weight by limiting those foods that add pounds as well as to cut back on portion sizes. But if you’re an emotional eater, you’ll still turn to food if you don’t deal with your feelings.What is Emotional EatingBasically, emotional eating is eating for reasons other than hunger. In other words, rather than reaching for food because your body tells you it needs food, you are addicted because your emotions need to be satisfied. Instead of the gradual urge you get when you’re physically hungry, emotional eating strikes you suddenly. While you can usually wait to eat because you’re physically hungry, you feel an immediacy to fill an emotional emptiness. Instead of filling the empty space with healthy choices, emotional eaters use food for comfort. For women, it’s usually ice cream or chocolate, while men reach for steak and French fries.Emotional Eating Leaves You Feeling GuiltyBesides blow up your stomach, emotional eating does harm to your mind. When you eat for physical reasons you don’t feel guilty. But when you grab for food when you’re not even hungry, just because you’re feeding your emotions, you feel guilty afterward.Rec ognizing the “Red Lights” with “HALT”A good rule of thumb when you’re lured（诱惑）into emotional eating is to remember to HALT. Besides being reminded to halt before you do any damage, remember what HALT represents.“H” is for hungry---Sometimes you can feel physical hunger when you’re on the point of an emotional eating. But rather than reaching for those comfort foods loaded with fats, and sugar, make better choices such as proteins, fruits and vegetables.“A”is for anxious---It’s easy to fall into emotional eating when you’re worried and tense. Rather than turning to food, do whatever works to calm your nerves. Call a friend, pray, or keep a record of your feelings. Just don’t reach into the fridge.“L”is for lonely---Too often emotional eaters use food for companionship. Instead of comforting yourself with food, join a group of caring people who understand your problem. Twelve-step groups such as Overeaters Anonymous are excellent for connecting with others who struggle with your the same food addictions as you do. Not only will you receive tools for recovery, but you’ll also realize you’re not alone.“T” is for tired---When exhausted, either physically or emotionally, emotional eaters turn to food. Instead, get some rest or eat something good for you. Breaking the AddictionOften emotional eaters aren’t even aware that they’re overeating because something is troubling them. What’s more, when they realize they’re eating because their emotions are running wild, sometimes they don’t even know why they’re ups et. Whenever you feel the temptation to eat out of your emotions, replace it with constructive activities such as calling a friend, walking your dog, gardening or exercising...Most importantly, find out the reason(s) why you overeat. It’s not so much wha t you eat, but what’s eating you. Unless you get to the root of why you overeat you won’t conquer your food addiction.Emotional Eating(9)Middle School in Union, Maine, a blue-berry farming town where the summer fair finds kids competing in pig scrambles and pie-eating contests.Gaul, with about 170 seventh-and eighth-graders, has its own history of lower level academic achievement. One likely reason: education beyond the basic requirements hasn't always been a top priority for families who've worked the same land for generations. Here, few adults have college degrees, and outsiders(teachers included) are often kept at a respectful distance.Since 2002, Gaul's students have been divided into four classes, each of them was taught almost every subject by two teachers. The goal: to find common threads across disciplines to help students create a big picture that gives fresh meaning and context to their classwork and sparks motivation for leaning.Working within state guidelines, each team makes its individual schedules and lesson plans, incorporating non-textbook literature, hands-on lab work and fields trips. If students are covering the Civil War in social studies, they're reading The Read Badge of Courage or some other period literature in English class. In science, they study the viruses and bacteria that caused many deaths in the war.Team teaching isn't unusual. About 77 percent middle schools now employ some form of it, says John Lounsbury, consulting editor for the National Middle School Association. But most schools use four-or five-person teams, which Gaul tried before considering two-person teams more effective. Gual supports the team concept by "looping" classes (跟班）so that the same two teachers stick with the same teens through seventh and eighth grades. Combining teams and looping creates an extremely strong bond between teacher and student. It also, says teacher Beth Ahlholm, "allows us to build an excellent relationship with parents."Ahlholm and teammate Madelon Kelly are fully aware how many glazed looks they see in the classroom, but they know 72 percent of their eighth-graders met Maine's reading standard last year--double the statewide average. Only 31 percent met the Maths standard, still better than the state average(21 percent). Their students also beat the state average in writing and science. And in 2006, Gual was one of 47 schools in the state to see testing gains of at least 20 percent in four of the previous five years, coinciding roughly with team teaching’ arrival.(10)Some days you wake up and right when you are going to begin your work, you feel a presence within you that stops you from doing so. You don’t want to work today and you don’t feel motivated to do anything but just escape. Without this motivation, you feel a little hopeless, lost, and stuck. But sometimes even if there is no motivation, you can still feel inspired.Connect the DotsSteve Jobs has never finished college. After studying in college for 6 months, he couldn’t see the value in it and dropped out. Not knowing where to go in life, he decided to take a class in calligraphy (书法). Ten years later, he designed something that has affected the different types of typography (排版) that we use today. If he hadn’t dropped out in college, he would never have taken that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography.Sometimes when you’re trying to reach a goal, it’s impossible to connect the dots where you currently are. Somehow you just have to trust yourself, and have faith that you will reach your dreams, despite not having the slightest clue or perfectly laid-out road to where you are going. Nobody can connect the dots looking forward; you only can connect them when you’re looking backwards. You have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in the future; you have to trust in something, whether it’s destiny (天数，命运) or not, but trusting yourself is the first step towards feeling inspired and having the motivation to move forward.Perfect Your EnvironmentLook around your room right now or your workspace. Does it inspire you Does it giveyou motivation Is it noisy or quiet Sometimes the hardest thing we do to ourselves is try to force ourselves to work in an area that is subconsciously telling us, “I can’t work here.”And when you are constantly trying to discipline yourself, you will feel worse and be less productive. Instead try to build your ideal workplace and ideal time. Perhaps add a piece of artwork or a quote of your favorite person nearby you on the wall. Maybe add a beautiful plant in the corner to give you inspiration. If you feel more energy and enthusiasm during the night, schedule your day to work at midnight if you can. If you can realize the power of having a productive environment, you will naturally feel inspired and motivated to get work done.Don’t Work So HardIf you’re trying to force your way into taking action, it could be a sign that you are working too hard. Most people won’t wake up and waste an hour imagining, thinking further, or confirming, and the first thing they think about is asking “what do I need to do today” And when they get the answer, they feel miserable, as if their work suddenly weighs them down. But if you spend time focusing on your goals, you’ll receive good feelings—feelings that help you feel inspired and motivated to take real action.Don’t try to paddle upstream. That just basically equals saying to yourself that you need to force yourself to work hard every day. Instead, paddle along the stream of the river. Trust yourself, let your environment work in your favor, and spend some a little bit of time putting yourself in a state before you work. Inspiration will come to you from different ways—inside and outside—and give you the motivation to guide yourself towards reaching your dreams.(11)To tweet, or not to tweetA guide to the social networking/ microblogging service TewitterSINCE its creation in 2006, Twitter, the social networking service, has taken cyber space by storm. At first glance it might seem like Facebook, but Twitter is in a league of its own, connecting people with fast-paced updates. It has become a place for activities, celebrities, businesses and everyday people to let others know about videos, opinions, interesting news, advertisements-and, yes what they are eating for lunch.The phenomenon includes a host of new vocabulary terms and concepts that every self-respecting Twitter-er should know. Here’s a quick course on Twitter.So you’ve finally been swept up by the techno -tide and gotten a Twitter account. But what to write Who knew 140 characters could be so overwhelmingDarren Rowse of the TwiTip blog recommends a two- step tweeting process: figure out what your follows want, and then give it to them. Some combination of cool links, conversation- starting quotes or questions , retweets and photos works well, Rowse writes.Keep in mind that Twitter doesn’t directly offer photo hosting. You will need to use a third-party site like TwitPic to upload your photos. Other sites, like TwitVid beta) can be used to post videos.If you th ink the Twitter Web Site too complicated, try a Twiiter client —Tweetdeck(tweetdeck. Com/beta) andthe Mac-only Tweetie( stebits. com)arepopular, and both also are available as iPhone apps(应用程序).Even without an iphone, you can update you Twitter on the go. After adding your phone number to your Twitter account, you can text updates to 40404(check Twitter’s Web site for numbers to use outside the United States)But no matter how you tweet, remember that people can see what you post, and Twitter might not be the best place to complain about your boss, even if you make your Twitter private, your followers may not share your sense of discretion.Twitter is crowded with celebrith accounts. The famous , who once avoided the media in theirprivate lives, are posting everything on Twitter for all the cyber world to see, gathering followers in the millions. Who’s leading the celebrity pack TwitterCounter a site that tracks the most popular Twitter users, lists Ashton Kuntcher and former fashion model, as the nost popular Twitter-er with, as of our publication date, 2,691,112 followers.Title: To tweet, or not to tweet。