8 全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介William Cullen Bryant
美国文学部分作家及其作品
美国文学部分作家及其作品1. Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林,1706-1790,著有:A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书The Way to Wealth致富之道The Autobiography自传2. Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩1737-1809,著有:The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题Common Sense常识American Crisis美国危机Rights of Man人的权利Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃The Age of Reason理性时代3. Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺,1752-1832,著有:The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲The British Prison Ship英国囚船To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地4. Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文,1783-1859,著有:A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄Talks of Travellers 旅客谈The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉。
十九世纪美国作家作品一览表
19.论自然1836小品文
20.《康科德赞歌》1837诗歌
21.神学院演说1838讲演
22.《随笔》1841散文
23.论文集1841-1844演讲汇编
24.《哀歌》1842诗歌
25.诗集1846诗歌
26.代表人物1850散文
27.英国人的特征1856散文
28.生活的准则1860散文
美国诗人、散文家、新闻工作者及人文主义者。
73.富兰克林·埃文斯1842小说
74.草叶集1855-1891诗集
75.《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》1859抒情诗
76.我听见美洲在歌唱1860诗歌
77.小院丁香花开时1865诗歌
78.船长啊,我的船长1865诗歌
79.典型日子1882散文集
13.Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819.8-1891
168.凡陀弗与兽性1914短篇小说
169.第三圈1909短篇小说集
170.小麦交易所及其他故事1903短篇小说集
29.Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871.8-1945
美国现代小说的先驱、现实主义作家之一,他还是一个自然主义者
171.嘉莉妹妹1900短篇小说
172.珍妮姑娘1911短篇小说
46.自由的声音1846诗集
47.《玛格利特·史密斯日记片段》1849散文
48.劳工之歌1850诗歌
49.包罗万象1856诗集
50.家乡民谣1860诗集
51.大雪封门1866长诗
8.Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849
美国作家、诗人、编者与文学评论家,被尊崇是美国浪漫主义运动要角之一,以悬疑、惊悚小说最负盛名。
美国文学史中的各时期作家及代表作品
美国文学史中的各时期作家及代表作品早期的美国文学是从欧洲文学的样式和风格中衍生出来的。
例如,维兰德和查尔斯·布罗克登·布朗的小说创作就是对英格兰哥特小说的模仿。
就连华盛顿·欧文的杰作《李伯大梦》和《沉睡谷传奇》也是十足的欧洲风格,只是故事发生的场景改为美国而已。
美国文学的诞生美国第一位在小说和诗歌创作领域取得显著成就的作家是艾德加·爱伦·坡(1809-1849),他于1835年开始短篇小说的创作,其作品包括《红死病》、《陷坑与钟摆》、《颓败之屋》和《莫尔格街凶杀案》。
他的创作触及了前人很少涉及的心理学领域,并且将神秘、幻想等元素融入小说创作之中。
1837年,年轻的作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑(1804-1864)将他的一些短篇小说集结成册出版,名为《重讲一遍的故事》。
这是一部包含了丰富的象征主义及神秘主义元素的作品。
后来,霍桑又开始写作长篇的传奇小说、类寓言小说,他的本土小说《新英格兰》以人类的内疚、荣耀和情感上的压抑为主题。
霍桑的代表作是《红字》,讲述一个因通奸行为而被驱逐出社区的女人的故事。
霍桑的小说创作对他的朋友,作家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔(1819年-1891年)产生了深远的影响。
赫尔曼·梅尔维尔以自己早期的水手经历为蓝本创作了许多富有异国情调的小说。
在霍桑的影响下,麦尔维尔的小说中也融入了很多哲学上的思索。
在其代表作《白鲸》中,作家通过对一场惊心动魄的捕鲸历程的描述,表达了对人类痴迷状态、人性中罪恶成分以及人类如何战胜这些天性的思索。
在他的另一部短篇杰作《比利·巴德》中,梅尔维尔则戏剧性的描写了战争时期一艘船上人们责任和同情心的主题。
梅尔维尔的那些涵义深远的杰作销量少得可怜,而梅尔维尔本人在有生之年也没有获得应有的声誉。
直到20世纪初期他的作品才重新被人发掘并被给予公正的评价。
1836年,曾经做过联邦政府部长的拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(1803年-1882年)出版了一部散文作品《自然》,主张人类可以通过学习和研究自然世界来代替笃信宗教或试图达到某种玄妙的精神境界。
美国文学作家对应的生平与作品总结
本文适合于英语专业《美国文学》课程作家期末考试作家总结1.Emily Dickinson(December 10, 1830 –May 15, 1886) was an American poet. Born in Amherst, Massachusetts, to a successful family with strong community ties, she lived a mostly introverted and reclusive life. After she studied at the Amherst Academy for seven years in her youth, she spent a short time at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary before returning to her family‘s house in Amherst. Thought of as an eccentric by the locals, she became known for her penchant for white clothing and her reluctance to greet guests or, later in life, even leave her room. Most of her friendships were therefore carried out by correspondence.Although Dickinson was a prolific private poet, fewer than a dozen of her nearly eighteen hundred poems were published during her lifetime. The work that was published during her lifetime was usually altered significantly by the publishers to fit the conventional poetic rules of the time. Dickinson‘s poems are unique for the era in which she wrote; they contain short lines, typically lack titles, and often use slant rhyme as well as unconventional capitalization and punctuation. Many of her poems deal with themes of death and immortality, two recurring topics in letters to her friends.Although most of her acquaintances were probably aware of Dickinson‘s writing, it was not until after her death in 1886—when Lavinia, Emily‘s younger sister, discovered her cache of poems—that the breadth of Dickinson‘s work became apparent. Her first collection of poetry was published in 1890 by personal acquaintances Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Mabel Loomis Todd, both of whom heavily edited the content. A complete and mostly unaltered collection of her poetry became available for the first time in 1955 when The Poems of Emily Dickinson was published by scholar Thomas H. Johnson. Despite unfavorable reviews and skepticism of her literary prowess during the late 19th and early 20th century, critics now consider Dickinson to be a major American poet.To Make a Prairie…Dickinson‘s tiny poem makes a huge statement about the nature of musing, day-dreaming, or as she puts it, ―revery.‖This little poem expresses Dickinson‘s continuing love affair with the spiritual level of being. She begins by claiming that to make a physically large item, ―a prairie,‖ all one need is two small physical items, ―a clover and one bee.‖Then she qualifies that by saying ,‖One clover, and a bee/And revery ,‖then she qualifies that claim further, by saying if you don‘t have one of those physical components,‖bees,‖(and by implication, the clover as well), then you can still make the prairie by revery alone.―Revery‖ means dream, thought, extended concentration on any subject, or even day-dreaming wherein the mind is allowed to roam free over the landscape of unlimited expansion, but to the speaker in the poem,‖ revery‖ is more like meditation which results in a true vision.The speaker‘s power of revery demonstrates an advanced achievement, far beyond ordinary day-dreaming or cogitation. Ultimately, this speaker is claiming that whitout any physical objects at all, the mind of one advanced in the art of revery can produce any object that mind desires. Success Is Counted SweetestThe speaker says that ―those who ne‘er succeed‖ place the highest v alue on success. (They ―count‖ it ―sweetest‖.) To understand the value of a nectar, the speaker says, one must feel ―sorest need.‖ She says that the members of the victorious army (―the purple Host / Who took the flagtoday‖) are not able to define victory as well as the defeated, dying man who hears from a distance the music of the victors.A common idea in Dickinson's poems is that not having increases our appreciation or enjoyment of what we lack; the person who lacks (or does not have) understands whatever is lacking better than the person who possesses it. In this poem, the loser knows the meaning '"definition" of victory better than the winners. The implication is that he has "won" this knowledge by paying so high a price, with the anguish of defeat and with his death.FormThe three stanzas of this poem take the form of iambic trimeter—with the exception of the first two lines of the second stanza, which add a fourth stress at the end of the line. (Virtually all of Dickinson‘s poems are written in an iambic meter that fluctuates fluidly between three and four stresses.) As in most of Dickinson‘s poems, the stanzas here rhyme according to an ABCB scheme, so that the second and fourth lines in each stanza constitute the stanza‘s only rhyme.I’m No BodyThe poem's first stanza tells how the speaker meets a fellow "nobody" — a friend. Together, the two nobodies can enjoy each other's company and their shared anonymity.As a pair, they aren't really nobodies anymore. That's why the speaker says, "Don't tell! / They'd banish us, you know." She understands that once you have another "nobody" at your side, you aren't really a "nobody" anymore. And she doesn't want to be banished or kicked out from what she sees as a society of nobodies.She's comfortable there.In the second stanza, the tone of the poem changes. The speaker sounds confident. Perhaps it is her discovery that there are other people like her —other "nobodies"-- that makes her feels strongly that being a "somebody" isn't such a great idea.She realizes that having a friend who understands you and accepts you as you are is more important than being admired by a lot of people or being in the "in" crowd.2.William Faulkner (1897-1962), American novelist, is known for his epic portrayal, in some 20 novels, of the tragic conflict between the old and the new South. Although Faulkner's intricate plots and complex narrative style alienated many readers of his early writings, he was a literary genius whose powerful works and creative vision earned him the 1949 Nobel Prize in literature.Faulkner was a towering figure in American literature during the first half of the 20th century. With Ernest Hemingway, he is usually considered one of the two greatest American novelists of his era. Faulkner was particularly noted for the eloquent richness of his prose style and for the unique blend of tragedy and humor in his works. His novels have a stunning emotional impact and his characters are highly memorable. The dramatic force and vividness of Faulkner‘s best work is unsurpassed in modern fiction.Using the decay and corruption of the South after the American Civil War (1861-1865) as a background, Faulkner portrayed the tragedy that occurs when the traditional values of a society disintegrate. Some of his chief concerns were the nature of evil and guilt and the relationship between the past and the present. Despite his preoccupation with depravity and violence, however, Faulkner also wrote of people‘s capacity to perform acts of nobility and goodness.Among Faulkner‘s most remarkable short stories is ―A Rose for Emily‖ (1931), which contains elements of the author‘s common theme of the decline of the old South.In 1998, the Modern Library ranked his 1929 novel The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century; also on the list were 1930‘s As I Lay Dying(《我弥留之际》)and Light in August(《八月之光》)(1932).A Rose for Emily发表于1930年,在题材的选取、主题的表达以及写作手法等方面堪称Faulkner最具代表性的短篇小说。
考研专用美国文学整理
美国文学作家作品美国文学作家作品一、一、 the Colonial Period: 殖民地时期殖民地时期殖民地时期 1、Captain John Smith 约翰约翰史密斯船长斯船长 A Map of Virginia 《弗吉尼亚的地图《弗吉尼亚的地图 》 Description of New England 《新英格兰记》《新英格兰记》 2、Anne Anne Bradstreet Bradstreet 安妮.布拉兹特里特特里特 The Tenth Muse Lately sprung up in America Contemplation 《沉思》《沉思》Upon the Burning of our House 《火烧房子》《火烧房子》3、Edward Taylor 爱德华.泰勒泰勒 Huswifery 4、Roger Williams 罗杰.威廉威廉The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience 5、John Woolman 约翰.乌尔曼乌尔曼 Some considerations on the Keeping of Negroes A Plea for the Poor 6、Philip Freneau 菲利普.弗瑞诺弗瑞诺 The Rising Glory of America 《美洲光辉的升起》《美洲光辉的升起》The Wild Honey Suckle 《野金银花》《野金银花》二、二、 American Revolution :美国革命时期美国革命时期1、 Jonathan Edwards 爱德华兹爱德华兹 The Freedom of the Will 《自由意志》《自由意志》The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended 《大原罪的教义辩护》教义辩护》Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 《愤怒的上帝手中的罪人》的罪人》2、 Benjamin Franklin 本杰明.富兰克林富兰克林The Poor Richard ’s Almanac 《格言历书》《格言历书》 Autography 《自传》《自传》 The Way to Wealth 致富之道;致富之道; 3、Thomas Paine 托马斯•潘恩托马斯•潘恩 Common Sense 《常识》《常识》American Crisis 《美国危机》《美国危机》The age of reason 《理性时代》《理性时代》The rights of man 《人的权利》《人的权利》The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题;税务员问题;Downfall of Despotism 专制体制的崩溃;专制体制的崩溃;三、三、 American Romanticism 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学 1、 Washington Irving 华盛顿.欧文欧文 A history of New York 《纽约外史》《纽约外史》美国人写的第一部美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;诙谐文学杰作;The Sketch Book 《见闻札记》《见闻札记》Rip V an Winkle 《瑞普.凡.温克尔》温克尔》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷的传奇》使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄;布雷斯布里奇田庄; Talks of Travellers 旅客谈;旅客谈;The Alhambra 阿尔罕伯拉阿尔罕伯拉2、 James James Fennimore Fennimore Fennimore Cooper Cooper 詹姆士.芬尼莫尔.库珀库珀The Spy 《间谍》《间谍》The Pilot 领航者; The Littlepage Manuscripts 利特佩奇的手稿利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales 《皮袜子系列》《皮袜子系列》包括包括 Deerslayer 《杀鹿者》《杀鹿者》Pathfinder 《探索者》《探索者》The Last of the Mohigan 《最后的马西坎》《最后的马西坎》Prairie 《大草原》《大草原》The Pioneers 《开拓者》《开拓者》3、 Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生夫•瓦尔多•爱默生 Essays 散文集:Nature 论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书; The American Scholar 论美国学者; Divinity;神学神学The Oversoul 论超灵; Self-reliance 论自立; The Transcendentalist 超验主义者; Representative Men 代表人物; English Traits 英国人的特征; School Address 神学院演说神学院演说Concord Hymn 康考德颂; The Rhodo 杜鹃花; The Humble Bee 野蜂; Days 日子-首开自由诗之先河首开自由诗之先河4、 Henry Henry David David David Thoreau Thoreau 亨利•大卫•梭罗大卫•梭罗A week on the Concord and Merrimack River 《康科德和梅里马克河上一周》《康科德和梅里马克河上一周》Civil Disobedience 《论公民的不服从》《论公民的不服从》Walden 《瓦尔登湖》《瓦尔登湖》 5、 Nathaniel Nathaniel Hawthorn Hawthorn 纳撒尼尔•霍桑尔•霍桑 Twice-Told Tales 《重讲一遍的故事a collection of short stories 》Mosses From an Old Manse 《古屋青苔》《古屋青苔》The Blithedale Romance 《福谷传奇》《福谷传奇》《福谷传奇》 Yong Goodman Brown 《年轻的小伙子布朗》《年轻的小伙子布朗》The Minister ’s Black V eil 《教长的黑面纱》《教长的黑面纱》Dr.Rappaccini ’s Daughter 《拉普奇尼博士的女儿》《拉普奇尼博士的女儿》House of Seven Gables 《七个尖角阁的房子》《七个尖角阁的房子》The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》《玉石雕像》《玉石雕像》 6、 Herman Herman Melville Melville 赫尔曼•麦尔维尔尔维尔Typee 《泰比》《泰比》Omoo 《奥穆》《奥穆》Mardi 《玛地》《玛地》Redburn 《莱德伯恩》《莱德伯恩》White Jacket 《白外套》《白外套》The Confidence Man 《邪盗魅影》《邪盗魅影》《邪盗魅影》 Billy budd 《比利•巴德》《比利•巴德》Bartleby 《老板是空气》《老板是空气》Benito Cereno 《班尼托.西兰诺》西兰诺》Moby Dick 《大白鲸》《大白鲸》Pierre 皮尔埃; Piazza 广场故事; 7、Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加埃德加.爱伦.坡(A poet of first rank) (以诗为诗;永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝)叶芝) Sonnet —to science 《十四行诗—致科学》《十四行诗—致科学》 Israfel 《伊兹拉菲尔》《伊兹拉菲尔》To Helen 《献给海伦》《献给海伦》 The city in the sea The Raven 《乌鸦》《乌鸦》Fiction: The Fall of the House of Usher 《厄舍古屋的倒塌》《厄舍古屋的倒塌》Black Cat 《黑猫》《黑猫》The Masque of the Red Death 《红色死亡的化妆舞会》《红色死亡的化妆舞会》The Cask of Amontillado Foe 《一桶酒的故事》《一桶酒的故事》 Ligeie 《利盖娅》《利盖娅》The Purloined Letter 《被窃的信件》《被窃的信件》《被窃的信件》 The Gold Bud 《金甲虫》《金甲虫》《金甲虫》 The Murders in the Rue Morque 《莫格街凶杀案》《莫格街凶杀案》Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 《怪诞和阿拉伯风格的故事》《怪诞和阿拉伯风格的故事》8、 Harriet Harriet Beecher Beecher Beecher Stowe Stowe 哈里特.比彻.斯托夫人斯托夫人 Uncle Tom ’s Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 9、 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 朗费罗朗费罗 V oices of the Night 《夜之声》《夜之声》Hiawatha 《海华沙之歌》《海华沙之歌》Evangeline 《伊凡吉林姑娘》《伊凡吉林姑娘》The Courtship of Miles Standish 《斯坦迪什求婚记》《斯坦迪什求婚记》A Psalm of Life 《人生颂》《人生颂》10、 Walt Whitman 沃尔特惠特曼 Leaves of Grass 《草叶集》《草叶集》《草叶集》 Song of Myself 《自我之歌》《自我之歌》《自我之歌》 I hear America singing 《我听见美国在歌唱》《我听见美国在歌唱》Out of Cradle Endlessly Rocking 《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》的摇篮里》When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d 《当紫丁香最近在庭园开放的时候》《当紫丁香最近在庭园开放的时候》11、 E mily Dickinson 艾米丽.狄金森狄金森At last to pray is left 《至少还可以做祈祷》《至少还可以做祈祷》Because I could not stop for death 《因为我没有静等死》《因为我没有静等死》I heard a fly buzz —when I dead 《我死时听到了苍蝇的嗡嗡声》声》Wild nights —wild nights 《暴风雨夜,暴风雨夜》暴风雨夜》I’ll tell you how sun riseThese are the days when birds come back Apparently with no surprise To fight aloud A triumph may be The beggar lad dies early 《讨饭的小伙子夭折了》《讨饭的小伙子夭折了》If I can stop one heart from breaking I died for beauty 《我为美丽而死》《我为美丽而死》 四、四、 the age of realism 现实主义时期现实主义时期1、 Mark Twain 马克吐温吐温The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》The Gilded Age 《镀金时代》《镀金时代》《镀金时代》 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆.索亚历险记》索亚历险记》The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克.费恩历险记》费恩历险记》Head Wilson 《傻瓜威尔逊》《傻瓜威尔逊》Life on the Mississippi 《在密西西比河上》《在密西西比河上》 The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》The Mysterious Stranger 《神秘的陌生人》《神秘的陌生人》《神秘的陌生人》 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court 《在亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州美国人》The Prince and the Pauper 《主子与贫儿》《主子与贫儿》The Treaty With China 《与中国的条约》《与中国的条约》 To the Person sitting in Darkness 《给坐在黑暗中的人》《给坐在黑暗中的人》 2、 William William Dean Dean Dean Howells Howells 威廉.迪恩.豪威尔斯豪威尔斯 The Rise of Silas Laphum 《赛拉斯.拉帕姆的发迹》拉帕姆的发迹》 A Modern Instance 《现代婚姻》《现代婚姻》《现代婚姻》 3、 Henry James 亨利.詹姆斯詹姆斯 Daisy Miller 《黛西.米勒》米勒》The Portrait of a Lady 《一位女士的肖像》《一位女士的肖像》The American 《美国人》《美国人》 The Ambassadors 《专使》《专使》The Golden Bowl 《金碗》《金碗》《金碗》 The Wings of the Dove 《鸽翼》《鸽翼》五、五、 American Naturalism 美国自然主义文学美国自然主义文学1、 Stephen Stephen Crane Crane 斯蒂芬.克莱恩莱恩Maggie : A Girl of the Street 《街头女郎梅季》《街头女郎梅季》The Red Badge of Courage 《红色英勇勋章》《红色英勇勋章》Open Boat 《海上扁舟》《海上扁舟》Blue Hotel 《蓝色旅馆》《蓝色旅馆》The Experiment in Misery 2、 Frank Frank Norris Norris 弗兰克.莫里斯MC Teague 《麦克提格》《麦克提格》 The Octopus 《鲸鱼》《鲸鱼》 The pit 《深渊》《深渊》 3、 Theodore Dreiser 西奥多德莱赛德莱赛 Cowperwood trilogy 《欲望三部曲》《欲望三部曲》 1) The Financier 《金融家》《金融家》2) The Titan 《巨人》《巨人》3) The stoic 《斯多葛》《斯多葛》Autobiography : The Genius 《天才》《天才》An American Tragedy 《美国悲剧》《美国悲剧》《美国悲剧》 Masterpiece : Sister Carrie 《嘉丽妹妹》《嘉丽妹妹》Second novel : Jennie Gerhardt 《珍妮姑娘》《珍妮姑娘》4、 Jack London 杰克.伦敦伦敦 The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》《野性的呼唤》White Fang 《白牙》《白牙》The Sea Wolf 《海狼》《海狼》 Martin Eden 《马丁.伊登》伊登》5、 O Henry 欧.亨利亨利 The Gift of Magi 《麦琪的礼物》《麦琪的礼物》The Cop and the Anthem 《警察和赞美诗》《警察和赞美诗》6、 Uptown Sinclair 辛克莱辛克莱The Jungle 《丛林》《丛林》7、 Edwin Edwin Arlington Arlington Arlington Robinson Robinson 埃德温阿林顿罗宾逊罗宾逊 Man against the Sky 《天边人影》《天边人影》 六、六、 modernism in the early 20th century 现代主义时期现代主义时期1、 Ezra Ezra Pound Pound 埃兹拉.庞德庞德Hugh Selwyn Mauberly 《休《休.希尔文.毛伯莱》毛伯莱》 Cantos 《诗章》《诗章》 2、 Hilda Doolittle 希尔达.杜丽特尔杜丽特尔 Sea Garden Collected Poems (Dread ;Pear Tree ;Orchard) The Walls Do Not Fall 《战争诗三部曲》《战争诗三部曲》 Tribute to the Angels The Flowering of the Rod Tribute to Freud Ellen in Egypt 3、 Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马托马斯.斯蒂恩斯.艾略特艾略特 The Love song of J.Alfred Prufrock 《杰.阿尔福瑞德.普鲁弗洛克的情诗》普鲁弗洛克的情诗》The Waste Land 《荒原》《荒原》Poems: The Waste Land Hollow Man 《透明人》《透明人》Ash Wednesday 《圣灰星期三》《圣灰星期三》Four Quarters 《四个四重奏》《四个四重奏》Plays: Murder in the Cathedral 《大教堂谋杀案》《大教堂谋杀案》Sweeney Agonistes The Cocktail Party 《鸡尾酒会》《鸡尾酒会》《鸡尾酒会》 The Confident Clerk Critical essays 《评论集》《评论集》The Scared Wood Essays on Style and Order 《风格与秩序论文集》《风格与秩序论文集》Elizabethan Essays The Use of Poetry and The Use of Criticisms After Strange Gods 《拜异教神》《拜异教神》《拜异教神》 4、 Wallace Stevens 华莱士.斯蒂文斯斯蒂文斯 Anecdote of the Jar 《罐子的传说》《罐子的传说》Sunday Morning 《星期天的早晨》《星期天的早晨》The Emperor of Ice-Cream 《冰淇淋皇帝》《冰淇淋皇帝》5、 Williams Carlos Williams Paterson 《帕特生》《帕特生》卡洛斯.威廉斯威廉斯The Red Wheelbarrow 《红色手推车》《红色手推车》《红色手推车》 Spring and All 《春天和全部》《春天和全部》《春天和全部》 6、 Robert Robert Frost Frost 罗伯特弗罗斯特斯特 Stopping by Wood on a Snowy Evening 《雪夜林边驻脚》《雪夜林边驻脚》A Boy ’s Will 《少年意志》《少年意志》West —Running Brook 《西去的溪流》《西去的溪流》A Further Range 《又一片牧场》《又一片牧场》《又一片牧场》 After Apple —Picking 《摘苹果之后》《摘苹果之后》The Birches 《白桦树》《白桦树》Mending Wall 《修墙》《修墙》 Nothing Good Can Stay The Road Not Taken 《未选择的路》《未选择的路》Fire and Ice 《火与冰》《火与冰》《火与冰》 Once by the Pacific 7、 Carl Carl Sandburg Sandburg 卡尔.桑德堡 Cornhuskers 《剥玉米机》《剥玉米机》 Smoke and Steel 《烟与钢》《烟与钢》《烟与钢》 Good Morning, America 《早安,美国》《早安,美国》《早安,美国》 The People, yes Fog Lost 《失落》《失落》Chicago 《芝加哥》《芝加哥》8、 E.E.Cummings 肯明斯肯明斯 Tulips and Chimney 《郁金香和烟囱》《郁金香和烟囱》《郁金香和烟囱》 The Enormous Room 《大房间》《大房间》《大房间》 Chanson Innocenter O Sweet Spontaneous 9、 Hart Crane 哈特.克兰克兰 V oyage The Bridge 10、 F . Scott Fitzgerald 菲兹杰拉德菲兹杰拉德 This Side of Paradise 《人间天堂》《人间天堂》 Tender Is the Night 《夜色温柔》《夜色温柔》The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》《了不起的盖茨比》《了不起的盖茨比》 The Beautiful and Damned 《美丽的与遭诅咒的》《美丽的与遭诅咒的》All the Sad Young Men 《所有悲伤的年轻人》《所有悲伤的年轻人》Taps at Reveille The Last Tycoon 《最后的巨头》《最后的巨头》The Crack-up 11、 E rnest Hemingway 欧内斯特.海明威海明威 The Sun Also Rise 《太阳照常升起》《太阳照常升起》 Farewell to Arms 《永别了,武器》《永别了,武器》《永别了,武器》 For Whom the Bell Tolls 《丧钟为谁而鸣》《丧钟为谁而鸣》 The Torrents of Spring 《春天的急流》《春天的急流》 The Old Man and the Sea 《老人与海》《老人与海》 In Our Time 《在我们的时代里》《在我们的时代里》《在我们的时代里》 Men Without Women 《没有女人的男人》《没有女人的男人》 Winner Take Nothing 《胜者无所得》《胜者无所得》 12、 Sherwood Anderson Winesburg, Ohio 《小城畸人》《小城畸人》舍伍德.安德森安德森 The Triumph of the Eggs 《鸡蛋的胜利》《鸡蛋的胜利》Death in the Woods 《林中之死》《林中之死》I Want to Know Why 《我想要知道为什么》《我想要知道为什么》 Poor White 《穷白人》《穷白人》13、 Sinclair Lewis 辛克莱. 路易斯路易斯Main Street 《大街》《大街》Babbit 《巴比特》《巴比特》 14、Willa Cather 薇拉. 凯瑟凯瑟 My Antonia 《我的安东尼亚》《我的安东尼亚》 The Song of Lark 《自由鸟之歌》《自由鸟之歌》A Lost Lady 《迷途的女性》《迷途的女性》《迷途的女性》 The Professor ’s House 《教授的住宅》《教授的住宅》 O Pioneers! 《哦,拓荒者们》《哦,拓荒者们》15、 Katherine Anne Porter 凯瑟琳.安.波特波特 Ship of Fools 《愚人船》《愚人船》《愚人船》 Leaning Tower and Other Stories Flowering Judas 《开花的紫荆树》《开花的紫荆树》The Jilting of Granny Weatherall Pale Horse, Pale Rider The Never Ending Wrong 16、 William William Faulkner Faulkner 威廉.福克纳福克纳 The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》《喧哗与骚动》 As I lay Dying 《在我弥留之际》《在我弥留之际》Light in August 《八月之光》《八月之光》《八月之光》 Absalom, Absalom 《押沙龙,押沙龙》《押沙龙,押沙龙》Go Down, Moses 《去吧,摩西》《去吧,摩西》The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》《玉石雕像》Soldier’s Pay Mosquitoes 《蚊子》《蚊子》Barn Burning 《烧牲口棚》《烧牲口棚》17、 Thomas Wolf 托马斯.沃尔夫沃尔夫 Look Homeward, Angel 《天使望故乡》《天使望故乡》《天使望故乡》 Of Time and the River 《时间与河流》《时间与河流》The Web and the Rock 《网与石》《网与石》You Can’t Go Home Again18、 Margaret Mitchell 玛格丽特.米切尔米切尔Gone with the Wind 《飘》《飘》 七、七、 the 1930s Novels 1、 James James T. T. Farrell 法内尔法内尔 a naturalist writer Studs Lonigan Trilogy 斯塔兹朗尼根三部曲斯塔兹朗尼根三部曲斯塔兹朗尼根三部曲 1)Yong Lonigan 《少年朗尼根》《少年朗尼根》2)The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan 《斯塔兹朗尼根的青年时代》《斯塔兹朗尼根的青年时代》3)Judgment Day 《审判日》《审判日》2、 John O ’Hara 约翰.欧哈拉欧哈拉 Appointment in Samara 《约会沙马拉》《约会沙马拉》《约会沙马拉》3、 John Dos Passos 约翰约翰.多.帕索斯帕索斯 Two trilogies: 1) District of Columbia 《哥伦比亚特区》《哥伦比亚特区》《哥伦比亚特区》 2) Manhattan Transfer 《曼哈顿中转站》《曼哈顿中转站》3) U.S.A. 《美国》《美国》A. The 42nd Parallel 《北纬四十二度》《北纬四十二度》《北纬四十二度》B. 1919 《一九一九》《一九一九》C. The Big Money 《赚大钱》《赚大钱》《赚大钱》 4、 John John Steinbeck Steinbeck 约翰斯坦贝克贝克 Of Mice and Man 《人与鼠》《人与鼠》 The Grapes of Wrath 《愤怒的葡萄》《愤怒的葡萄》Cup of Gold 《金杯》《金杯》《金杯》 Tortilla Flat 《煎饼坪》《煎饼坪》In Dubious Battle 《胜负未决的战斗》《胜负未决的战斗》《胜负未决的战斗》 Travels with Charley 《》《》《》 The Red Pony, The Pearl 《》《》八、八、 Postwar American Literature 1、 Saul Bellow 索.贝娄贝娄 Dangling Man 《晃来晃去的人》《晃来晃去的人》The Adventures of Augie March 《奥吉•玛其历险记》《奥吉•玛其历险记》Henderson, the Rain King 《雨王汉德逊》《雨王汉德逊》Herzog 《赫索格》《赫索格》2、 Norman Mailer 诺曼.梅勒梅勒 The Naked and th Dead e 《裸者与死者》《裸者与死者》The Armies of the Night 《夜间军队》《夜间军队》3、 J. D. Salinger 塞琳杰塞琳杰塞琳杰 The Catcher in the Rye 《麦田里的守望者》《麦田里的守望者》4、 Bernard Bernard Malamud Malamud 博纳德.马拉穆德拉穆德 The Assistant 《店员》《店员》 The Fixer 《装配工》《装配工》The Magic Barrel 《神奇的磨桶》《神奇的磨桶》《神奇的磨桶》 The Tenant 《房客》《房客》5、 Joseph Heller 约瑟夫.海勒海勒 Catch —22 《第二十二条军规》《第二十二条军规》Something Happened 《烦恼无穷》《烦恼无穷》God Knows 《上帝知道》《上帝知道》 Good as Gold 《象黄金一样好》《象黄金一样好》《象黄金一样好》 Picture This 《描写这个吧》《描写这个吧》Closing Time 《最后时光》《最后时光》Portrait of an artist, as an Old Man 《老年艺术家的画像》像》6、 Kurt V onnegut 库特·冯尼格特冯尼格特 Slaughterhouse-Five 《第五屠宰场》《第五屠宰场》The Sirens of Titan 《泰坦星的海妖》《泰坦星的海妖》 Cat ’s Cradle 《猫的摇篮》《猫的摇篮》Breakfast of Champions 《冠军的早餐》《冠军的早餐》《冠军的早餐》 7、 Ken Kesey 肯•克西肯•克西 One Flew Over the Cuckoo ’s Nest 《飞越布谷鸟巢》《飞越布谷鸟巢》8、 John Barth 约翰.巴斯巴斯The Literature of Exhaustion 《枯竭的文学》《枯竭的文学》The Sot-Weed Factor 《烟草经纪人》《烟草经纪人》The Floating Opera 《漂浮的歌剧》《漂浮的歌剧》《漂浮的歌剧》 Giles Goat-Boy 《羊童子贾尔斯》《羊童子贾尔斯》 Lost in the Funhouse 《迷失在游乐场》《迷失在游乐场》9、 Donald Donald Barthelme Barthelme 唐纳德•巴塞尔姆塞尔姆 Snow White 《白雪公主》《白雪公主》At the End of the Mechanical Age 《机械时代结束时》The School 《学校》《学校》10、 Thomas Pynchon 托马斯.品钦品钦 V 《》《》The Crying of Lot 49 《叫卖第49组》组》Gravity ’s Rainbow 《万有引力之虹》《万有引力之虹》11、 V ladimir Nabokov 弗拉基米尔•纳博科夫基米尔•纳博科夫Lolita 《洛丽塔》《洛丽塔》 Pale Fire 《苍白的火》《苍白的火》 Transparent Things 《梦锁危情》《梦锁危情》 12、 William Burroughs 威廉.巴勒斯廉.巴勒斯The Naked Lunch 《裸体午餐》《裸体午餐》《裸体午餐》 13、Jack Jack Kerouac Kerouac 杰克.凯鲁亚克亚克On the Road 《在路上》《在路上》《在路上》 14、John Updike 约翰.厄普代克 Rabbit Pentalogy 兔子五部曲兔子五部曲 1) Rabbit Run 《兔子之跑》《兔子之跑》2) Rabbit Redux 《兔子归来》《兔子归来》3) Rabbit Is Rich 《兔子富了》《兔子富了》《兔子富了》 4) Rabbit at Rest 《兔子安眠》《兔子安眠》《兔子安眠》 5) Licks of Love 《爱的插曲》《爱的插曲》《爱的插曲》 15、 William William Styron Styron 威廉•斯泰隆泰隆 Lie Down in Darkness 《躺在黑暗中》《躺在黑暗中》The Confessions of Nat Turner 《纳克‧透纳的自白》透纳的自白》 Sophie ’s Choice 《苏菲的选择》《苏菲的选择》16、 Truman Capote 杜鲁门•卡波特卡波特 Breakfast at Tiffany ’s 《第凡内早餐》《第凡内早餐》 In Cold Blood 《冷血》《冷血》《冷血》 17、 Philip Roth 菲利普.罗斯罗斯 Goodbye , Columbus 《再见吧,哥伦布》《再见吧,哥伦布》Portnoy ’s Complaint 《波特诺伊的抱怨》《波特诺伊的抱怨》Zuckerman Unbound 《解放了的朱克曼》《解放了的朱克曼》The Anatomy Lesson 《解剖学课》《解剖学课》《解剖学课》 The Ghost Writer 《鬼作家》《鬼作家》《鬼作家》 18、 Joyce Carol Oates 乔伊斯乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨•卡罗尔•欧茨Them 《他们》《他们》 Wonderland 《人间乐园》《人间乐园》 Do With Me What You Will 19、Flannery Flannery O O ’Connor 奥.康纳康纳 A Good Man Is Hard to Find 《好人难寻》《好人难寻》 Wise Blood 《慧血/好血统》好血统》The Violent Bear It Away 《暴力夺取》《暴力夺取》Everything That Rises Must Converge 《上升的一切必将汇合》将汇合》20、 Elizabeth Elizabeth Bishop Bishop 伊丽莎白•毕肖普白•毕肖普 Filling Station 《汽车加油站》《汽车加油站》 Over 2000 Illustrations and a Complete Concordance 《两千多幅图解》《两千多幅图解》21、 Richard Richard Wilbur Wilbur 理查德•威尔伯威尔伯 Things of This World 《这个世界上的事情》《这个世界上的事情》 New and Collected Poems 《新作与诗集》《新作与诗集》 22、John Berryman 约翰.贝里曼贝里曼 The Dream Songs 《梦之歌》《梦之歌》《梦之歌》 23、 Randall Jarrell 蓝道•杰瑞蓝道•杰瑞 The Lost World 《失落的世界》《失落的世界》 24、James Merrill 梅利尔梅利尔 The Changing Light at Sandover 《桑多弗变幻着的光》 25、Robert Lowell 罗伯特.洛威尔洛威尔 Lord Weary ’s Castle 《威尔利老爷的城堡》《威尔利老爷的城堡》 Life Studies 《人生写照》《人生写照》Skunk Hour 《臭鼬时刻》《臭鼬时刻》For the Union Dead 《为联邦而死难者》《为联邦而死难者》26、 Sylvia Sylvia Plath Plath 西尔维娅普拉斯拉斯Daddy 《爹地》《爹地》 Lady Lazarus 《拉扎勒斯女士》《拉扎勒斯女士》 27、Anne Anne Sexton Sexton 安妮.塞克斯顿斯顿Her Kind 《她那一类》《她那一类》 Housewife 《家庭主妇》《家庭主妇》 Y oung 28、Allen Ginsberg 艾伦.金斯堡Howl 《嚎叫》《嚎叫》29、Gary Snyder 盖端·史耐德史耐德 August on Sourdough 《八月在苏尔都山上》 A Visit from Dick Brewer 《迪克·布鲁尔来探访》《迪克·布鲁尔来探访》 30、 W.S. Merwin 欧文欧文 The Asians Dying 《临死的亚洲人》《临死的亚洲人》《临死的亚洲人》 For A Coming Extinction 《给将要到来的一次灭绝》《给将要到来的一次灭绝》 The Last One 《最后一个》《最后一个》《最后一个》 31、Robert Bly 罗伯特·布莱布莱 Silence in the Snow Fields 《沉默的雪领域》《沉默的雪领域》 The Night around the body 《黑夜围绕身体》《黑夜围绕身体》 32、 James Wright 詹姆斯·赖特 Minnesota 《明尼苏达州》《明尼苏达州》 Lying Lying in in in a a a Hammock Hammock Hammock at at at William William William Duffy’s Duffy’s Duffy’s Farm Farm Farm in in in Pine Pine Island 《在明尼苏达州的松树岛,躺在威廉·达菲农场的吊床上》场的吊床上》33、 Frank O ’Hara 弗兰克.奥哈拉哈拉 The Day Lady Died 《黛女士死的那天》《黛女士死的那天》 34、 John John Ashbery Ashbery 约翰.阿什贝里贝里 An Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror 《凸镜中的自画像》 Grand Gallop 35、 A .R. Ammons 埃蒙斯埃蒙斯埃蒙斯 Corsons Inlet 《卡尔逊海湾》《卡尔逊海湾》Mountain Talk 《山地语言》《山地语言》36、 Charles Charles Olson Olson 查尔斯.奥尔逊尔逊 Projective V erse 《投射诗》《投射诗》In Cold Hell, in Thicket 《在冰冷的地狱,在丛林》《在冰冷的地狱,在丛林》 The Distances 《我可以去的距离》《我可以去的距离》 The Maximus Poems 九、九、 American Drama 1、 Eugene O ’Neil 尤金奥尼尔 The Hairy Ape 《毛猿》《毛猿》《毛猿》 Long Day’s Journey into Night 《长夜路漫漫》《长夜路漫漫》The Iceman Cometh 《送冰的人来了》《送冰的人来了》《送冰的人来了》 Desire Under the Elm Tree 《榆树下的欲望》《榆树下的欲望》 Bound East for Cardiff 《驶向东方的卡笛夫》《驶向东方的卡笛夫》 Beyond the Horizon 《天边外》《天边外》《天边外》 The Emperor Jones 《穷死皇帝》《穷死皇帝》《穷死皇帝》 Anne Christie 《安妮.克里斯蒂》克里斯蒂》2、 Elmer Rice 埃尔默.赖斯赖斯 The Adding Machine 《加算器》《加算器》《加算器》 3、 Clifford Clifford Odets Odets 克里福德.奥德兹奥德兹 Waiting For Lefty 《等待老左》《等待老左》Till the Day Die 《直到死亡的那一天》《直到死亡的那一天》 Paradise Lost 《失乐园》《失乐园》Awake and Sing!《醒来歌唱》《醒来歌唱》《醒来歌唱》Golden Boy 《黄金男孩》《黄金男孩》The Big Knife 《大刀》《大刀》《大刀》 The Country Girl 《乡下姑娘》《乡下姑娘》 The Flowering Peach 《碧桃》《碧桃》《碧桃》 4、 Tennessee Williams 田纳西.威廉斯威廉斯 The Glass Menagerie 《玻璃动物园》《玻璃动物园》《玻璃动物园》 A Streetcar Named Desire 《欲望号街车》《欲望号街车》Battles of Angels 《天使之战》《天使之战》《天使之战》 Cat on a Hot Tin Roof 《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》Summer and Smoke 《夏日烟云》《夏日烟云》《夏日烟云》 Sweet Bird of Youth 《浓爱痴情》《浓爱痴情》 5、 Arthur Miller 阿瑟.米勒米勒 Death of a Salesman 《推销员之死》《推销员之死》The Man Who Had All Luck 《那个非常走运的人》《那个非常走运的人》All My Sons 《全是我儿子》《全是我儿子》《全是我儿子》 A View from the Bridge 《桥上一瞥》《桥上一瞥》A Memory of Two Mondays 《两个星期一的回忆》《两个星期一的回忆》The Archbishop’s Ceiling The American Clock 《美国时钟》《美国时钟》《美国时钟》 6、 Edward Edward Albee Albee 爱德华.阿尔比尔比 Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?《灵欲春宵、谁害怕弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫》亚·沃尔夫》十、十、 Multiethnic Literature 1、 Frederick Frederick Douglass Douglass 弗雷德里克里克 道格拉斯道格拉斯 My Bondage and My Freedom 《我的奴役与我的自由》《我的奴役与我的自由》The life and Time of Frederick Douglass 2、 Booker T. Washington 布汤匙华盛顿匙华盛顿 Up from Slavery 自传《超越奴役》自传《超越奴役》3、 W. E. Dubois 杜波依斯杜波依斯The Souls of Black Folks: Essays and Sketches 《黑人们的灵魂:散文和素描》魂:散文和素描》 4、 Jean Toomer 吉恩·图玛吉恩·图玛 Cane 《手杖》《手杖》5、 Countee Cullen 康提.卡伦卡伦 Shroud of Color 《色罩》《色罩》《色罩》 The Ballad of the Brown Girl 《宗法女孩的歌谣》《宗法女孩的歌谣》Yet Do I Marvel 《但是我感到惊奇》《但是我感到惊奇》6、 Langston Langston Hughes Hughes 朗斯顿休斯休斯 The Weary Blues 《萎靡的布鲁斯》《萎靡的布鲁斯》 Jesse B. Simple 《笨蛋杰西》《笨蛋杰西》《笨蛋杰西》 Montage of a Dream Deferred 《缓梦蒙太奇》《缓梦蒙太奇》The Negro Speakers of Rivers 《黑人的河流》《黑人的河流》As I Grew Older 《随着我渐渐长大》《随着我渐渐长大》7、 Richard Wright 理查德·怀特 Uncle Tom’s Children 《汤姆叔叔的儿女》《汤姆叔叔的儿女》Significance Black Boy 《黑孩子》《黑孩子》 Native Son 《土生子》《土生子》The Outsider 《局外人》《局外人》Black Power 《黑人权利》《黑人权利》8、 Ralph Ellison 拉尔夫.艾利逊利逊 Invisible Man 《看不见的人》《看不见的人》Shadow and Act 《影子和动作》《影子和动作》《影子和动作》 9、 James James Baldwin Baldwin 詹姆斯.鲍Go Tell It on the Mountain 《》《》尔温尔温 Giovanni ’s Room 《桥内瓦的房间》《桥内瓦的房间》Another Country 《同窗之爱》《同窗之爱》Tell Me How Long the Train ’s Been Gone 《》《》《》 If Beale Street Could Talk 《假如比尔街会说话》《假如比尔街会说话》Just Above My Head 《》《》The Amen Corner 《阿门角》《阿门角》《阿门角》 Blues for Mister Charley 《》《》One Day When I was Lost 《当我迷失的那一天》《当我迷失的那一天》10、Toni Morrison 托尼.莫里森莫里森 Song of Solomon 《所罗门之歌》《所罗门之歌》《所罗门之歌》 The Bluest Eye 《最蓝的眼睛》《最蓝的眼睛》《最蓝的眼睛》 Beloved 《宠儿》《宠儿》Jazz 《爵士乐》《爵士乐》Paradise 《天堂》《天堂》Tar Baby 《柏油孩子》《柏油孩子》11、 A lice Walker 爱丽丝.沃克沃克 The Color Purple 《紫色姊妹花》《紫色姊妹花》《紫色姊妹花》 12、Maya Maya Angelou Angelou 玛雅.安格鲁安格鲁 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings 《我知道笼中鸟为何歌唱》唱》 Gather Together in My Name 《聚集在我的名字》《聚集在我的名字》Singin ’ and Swingin ’ and Getting ’ Merry Like Christmas 《》《》The Heart of a Woman 《女人心》《女人心》All God ’s Children Need Traveling Shoe 《所有上帝的孩子需要旅行擦鞋》子需要旅行擦鞋》13、 Gloria Gloria Naylor Naylor 葛罗利娅•奈勒娅•奈勒 The Women of Brewster Place 《酿酒场的女人》《酿酒场的女人》14、 Toni Cade Abmbara Blues Ain ’ T No Mockin Bird 《》《》15、 Rita Dove 16、 D ’Arcy McNikle The surrounded 《》《》17、 Scott Scott Momaday Momaday 斯科特•莫马迪特•莫马迪House Made of Dawn 《黎明之屋》《黎明之屋》 18、 James James Welch Welch 詹姆斯•韦尔奇韦尔奇Fools Crow 《》《》 19、 Leslie Marmon Marmon Silko Silko莱丝丽·M ·西尔·西尔Ceremony 《典礼》《典礼》 The Man Who Send the Rain Clouds 《》《》 20、 Louise Erdrich 路易斯•厄德里克•厄德里克Love Medicine 《爱之药》《爱之药》 21、 Maxine Hong Kingston 汤亭亭汤亭亭 The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Childhood among Ghosts 《女勇士:》China Men 《中国佬》《中国佬》Trimester Monkey 《孙行者》《孙行者》22、 Amy Tan 谭恩美谭恩美The Joy Luck Club 《喜福会》《喜福会》The Kitchen God ’s Wife 《灶神之妻》《灶神之妻》The Hundred Secret Senses 《灵感女孩》《灵感女孩》The Bonesetter ’s Daughter 《接骨师的女儿》《接骨师的女儿》。
1. 全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介A General Introduction to American Literature
Oversea American poets
Ezra Pound, Cantos T. S. Eliot, The Waste Land
New England poets
Robert Frost, “The Road Not Taken”, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” Edwin Arlington Robinson, “Miniver Cheevy” “Richard Cory”
Literature of Modernism— Drama
History
Though started very late, American drama developed fast in this period
Theme
With social problems as main subject targeted to criticize and expose the dark sides of the society
American Romanticism
Time
The first half of the 19th century
Dominant Thoughts
Domestic Factors Foreign influences
Literary Forms
Essays, poems, short stories and novels
American Enlightenment
Literary Forms
Political pamphlets and state papers
Major Writers:
Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine Philip Freneau, “The Wild Honey Suckle”
专业英语8级人文知识之美国文学
专业英语八级人文知识之美国文学第一阶段独立革命之前(十七世纪中期之前)概述1、美国本土文学(美国印第安传统文学)早在欧洲人闯入北美大陆之前,那里世世代代居住的原始人是印第安人,他们的文化早已在这片土地上流传、存在了几千年之久。
他们创造出了并仍然在创造这优秀的印第安口头文学。
在各种典礼上咏诵的祝词,在劳作中吟唱的歌曲,世世代代交口相传的部落神话故事和英雄故事,刻写在山间岩壁上的象形史诗,都是印第安传统文学的只要内容和形式,也是人类文明的宝贵遗产之一。
后来,随着殖民地的开拓,移民人数的剧增,印第安文化不断遭受重创,从而在17世纪出现断裂。
18世界末又开始以书面文学的形式开始了新的发展。
Three stages of development:1)traditional literature 2)transitional literature 3)modern literature2、北美殖民时期文学(十六世纪末—十七世纪中期)北美殖民文学的开端,以1607年英国在今佛吉尼亚的詹姆斯顿建立第一个永久性殖民点为标志。
从那时起直到1776年美利坚合众国成立,这半个世纪的北美英语文学的发展是外来文学移植、扎根并本土化的一个准备过程。
这一时期的文学作品主要是一些英国的殖民地官员或传道士、冒险家们以日记或游记随笔等形式记录的新大陆的风土人情、自然景色和民间生活等。
John Smith was considered to be the first author in the history of American literature。
3、清教思想的表述最初从欧洲来到美国的定居者被成为“清教徒”,因为他们迁徙的主要目的之一是为了“净化”教堂中的宗教行为。
他们的作品主要以传布清教主义思想的布道文为主。
第二阶段独立革命时期(17世纪中期—18世纪末)概述独立革命前后的美国文学,标志着北美文学产生后的第一次大转折,其主要内容和形式与殖民时期文学截然不同:如果说殖民时期文学主要反映的是清教精神,独立革命时期的文学则充满了浓烈的政治性和思辨性。
专八人文知识:美国文学各个时期作家作品
美国文学Part 1. Colonial AmericaThomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题;Common Sense常识;American Crisis美国危机;Rights of Man人的权利:Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason理性时代Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲;The British Prison Ship英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地Jonathan EdwardsThe Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True VirtueBenjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth致富之道;The Autobiography自传Part 2. American RomanticismWashington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859A History of New Y ork纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家;Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄;Talks of Travellers旅客谈;The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者;The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者Part 3.New England TranscendentalismRalf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先Henry David Threau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack RiversHenry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;V oices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事---诗集:An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life 人生礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗;Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Y oung Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-1891Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸;Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn 雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利·巴德Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic V istas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌Emily Dickinson埃米莉·迪金森1830-1886The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的,玄学的Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849(以诗为诗;永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝)Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风格;首开近代侦探小说先河,又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫,帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们Part 4. The age of RealismWilliam Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读23、Henry James享利·詹姆斯1843-1916小说:Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐;The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像;The Bostonians波士顿人;The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事;The Wings of the Dove鸽翼;The Ambassadors大使;The Golden Bowl金碗评论集:French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术Part 5. Local ColorismMark Twain马克·吐温(Samuel Longhorne Clemens)---美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Y ankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结Part 6. American NaturalismStephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬(美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运);The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章;The Open Boat小划子;The Bride Comes to Y ellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇Frank Norri s弗兰克·诺里斯1870-1902Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰(romantic);Mc-Teague麦克提格(naturalistic);The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus章鱼,The Pit小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧(被称为美国最伟大的小说);Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体小说;The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人;A von’s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集40、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life热爱生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck A wings在甲板的天蓬下Upton Sinclair厄普顿·辛克莱尔1878-1968Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场(揭发黑幕运动的代表作家);King Coal煤炭大王;Oil石油;Boston波士顿;Dragon’s Teeth龙齿Part 7. The 1920sImagism Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏(英译中国诗);Literary Essays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don’ts by Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章(109首及8首未完成稿)Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·艾略特1888-1965Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克(荒原意识);The Waste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言);名诗:Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧:Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-1955Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集William Carlos Williams威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-1963收入Des Imagistes意像派(意像派的第一部诗选)诗集:Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson佩特森(5卷长诗);Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光兰(长诗)名诗:Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车;The Widow’s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像(from An Early Martyr先驱);The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography自传Robert Frest罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963A Boy’s Wish少年心愿;North of Boston波士顿之北(Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking 摘苹果之后);Mountain Interval山间(成熟阶段)(The Road Not taken没有选择的道路);West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树Carl Sandburg卡尔·桑德堡1878-1967Always the Y oung Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Y ears草原的年代一、二;The War Y ears战争的年代(林肯传记);The American Songbag 美国歌袋;The People,Y es人民,好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗米机(Fog雾);Smoke and Steel烟与钢E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No,Thanks不,谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱米(访苏游记)F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(迷惘的一代)The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头短篇小说:Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace冰宫;May Days五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家子弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦The Crack-up崩溃(自传体文集)Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961(“迷惘的一代”的代表人物)In Our Time在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了,武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说:Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论:To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录:A Moveable Feast到处逍遥William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-1962The Marble Faun云石林神(诗集);Soldiers’Pay兵饷(小说)短篇小说:Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙,押沙龙(家世小说)Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森1876-1941Windy McPherson’s Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么Sinclair Lewis辛克莱·刘易斯1885-1951(美国第一个获诺贝尔奖)Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生;The Job求职;The Main Street大先进;Babbitt巴比特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry艾尔默·甘特里;Dodsworth多兹沃斯;It can’t Happen Here事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal王孙梦Villa Sibert Cather维拉·凯塞1873-1947O,Pioneers啊,先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor’s House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死Thomas Wolfe托马斯·沃尔夫1900-1938Look Homeward,Angel天使,望乡→(续)Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock蛛网与岩石;Y ou Can’t Go Home Again有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远山(未完成)短篇小说:From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨Part 8. The 1930sJohn Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区(The Adventures of a Y oung Man一个年轻人的冒险;Number One第一号;The Grand Design伟大的计划);Orient Express东方特别快车(游记)John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902-1966Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头厂街;The Pearl珍珠短篇小说:The Red Pony小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise许诺,The Leader of the People人们的领袖)Part 9. Black American LiteratureFrederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克·道格拉斯,一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代Booker T. WashingtonWilliam E·B Dubois威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-1963Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂(Of Booker T Washington and Others);The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame黑色的火焰(三部曲)James Langston Hughes詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-1969Mulatto混血儿(剧本);The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃利林1914-长篇小说:Invisible Man看不见的人散文集:Shadow and Act影子与行动;Going to the Territory步入文学界James Baldwin詹姆斯·鲍德温1924-1987散文集:Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time下一次烈火;No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作小说:Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁;Giovanni’s Room乔万尼的房间;Another Country 另一个国度;Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone告诉我火车已开多久;If Beale Street Could Talk假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head就在我头上短篇小说集:Going to Meet the Man去见这个人剧本:The Amen Corner阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后Gwendolyn BrooksPart 10. American DramaEugene Oneil尤金·奥尼尔1888-1953独幕剧:Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long V oyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月多幕剧:Beyond the Horizon天边外(其成名作);Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉Clifford OdetsJ D Salinger杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格1919-短篇小说:The Y oung Folks年轻人短篇小说集:Nine Stories故事九篇中篇小说:Franny弗兰尼;Zooey卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠们,把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人长篇小说:The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者Tennessee William田纳西·威廉斯1911-1983American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Y out 可爱的青春鸟Arthur Miller阿瑟·米勒1915-Situation Normal情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人;All My Sons都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman推销员;The Crucible严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall堕落之后;Incident at Vichy维希事件;The Price代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop’s Ceiling大主教的天花板;The American Clock美国时钟Edward Albee爱德华·阿尔比1928-The Zoo Story动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith贝西·史密斯之死;The Sandbox沙箱;The American Dream美国梦;Who’s Afraid of V irginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫;Tiny Alice小爱丽丝;A Delicate Balance脆弱的羊群;Seascape海景;The Lady from Dubuque来自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms在臂人Part 11. The Post-War Scene: The Novel . PoetrySaul Bellow索尔·贝娄1915-长篇小说:Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The V ictim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March奥基·马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Summlar’s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt’s Gift洪堡的礼物中篇小说:Seize the Day且乐今朝Norman Mailer诺曼·米勒1923- (垮掉的一代;文学恐怖主义者/亡命之徒)裸者与死者;Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park廘苑;An American Dream一场美国梦;The White Negro白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself为自己做广告;Why Are We in V ietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner’s Song刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night夜色幕下的大军(History as a Novel/The Novel as History)—非虚构小说;New Journalism新新闻报道Joseph Heller约瑟夫·海勒1923-长篇小说:Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened出了毛病;As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好剧本:We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger’s Trial克莱文杰受审(据Catch-22第八章)John Barth约翰·巴思1930-长篇小说:The Floating Opera漂浮的歌剧;The End of the Road穷途末路;The Sot-weed Factor 烟草代理商;Letters书信集;Giles Goat-boy山羊孩子贾尔斯;Lost in the Funhouse迷失在开心馆里(Title题目);Chimera客迈拉;Sabbatical学院的轮休假;The Friday Book:Essays and Other Nonfictions星期五的书:论文及其他非小说Thomas Pynchon托马斯·品钦1937- (后现代主义)Geography of a Horse Dreamer马塞梦测者的地理;Angel City天使城;The Tooth of Crime罪恶的牙齿;Family家庭(Curse of the Starving Class饥饿阶级的诅咒;Buried Child被埋葬的孩子;True West真正的西部);Fool for Love情痴;A Lie of the Mind心灵的谎言;Paris/Texas德州的巴黎Poetry: Stanley KunitzRichard WilburElizabeth BishopHoward Nemerov专八人文知识英国文学主要作家、作品表英美者 英语专业网站来源:沪江论坛英语专业作者:我爱火拼俄罗斯[编辑]导言:英国文学各个时期主要作家、代表作品名录。
美国文学笔记整理完整版专八人文知识
美国文学笔记整理完整版1607-1776北美殖民时期Colonial Settlements约翰·史密斯美国文学史上第一个作家John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》(美国文学第一本书)乔纳森·爱德华兹清教徒主义作家(Puritanism)Jonathan Edwards1776-1783独立革命时期Revolution of Independence (启蒙运动)本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almana c穷查理历书;Benjamin Franklin The Way to Wealth致富之道;1706-1790 The Autobiography自传(记录作者从穷到成功的经历,“美国梦”反映,体现启蒙倡导的理性主义和有序、教育的观点)托马斯·潘恩美国独立之父the father of American revolutionThomas Paine Common Sense常识(独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets)1737-1809American Crisis美国危机(鼓励人民抵抗英军,共16小册)Rights of Man人的权利(支持法国革命)The Age of Reason理性时代(基督给他名誉带来的影响)菲利普·弗伦诺独立诗人a poet of the American Revolution,美国诗歌之父Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲1752-1832 The British Prison Ship英国囚船The Wild Honey suckle野生的金银花The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士--同类诗中最佳托马斯·杰斐逊独立宣言Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson18世纪末-19世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism1. 早期浪漫主义华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉) Washington Irving 以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名,humor1783-1859 The Sketch Book见闻札记(标志浪漫主义开始)A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第1个获国际声誉作家-----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔(李伯大梦)The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀frontier novel边疆传奇小说sea novelJames Fenimore Cooper The Spy间谍(独立战争间谍对抗英国)1789-1851 The Pilot领航者(sea novel)Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五步曲(frontier novel)The Pioneer拓荒者(the first true romance of the frontier in American literatureThe Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人(主角:Natty Bumppo纳蒂班波)The Prairie大草原The Pathfinder探路者The Deerslayer杀鹿者2. 超验主义New England Transcendentalism拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书manifestoRalf Waldo Emerson The American Scholar论美国学者;1803-1882 Self-reliance论自立The Transcendentalist超验主义者Representative Men代表人物School Address神学院演说Days日子-首开自由诗之先河free verse亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden瓦尔登湖Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一周1817-1862 Civil Disobedience论公民之不服从纳撒尼尔·霍桑subject: human soul first great American writer of fiction 象征主义大师Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter红字1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子The Marble Faun玉石雕像The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇Young Goodman Brown年轻的布朗The Birthmark胎记赫尔曼·迈尔维尔擅长航海奇遇和异域风情Herman Melville Moby Dick/The White Whale白鲸(first American prose epic史诗)1819-1891 Typee泰比Omoo奥穆Mardi玛地White Jacket白外衣Pierre皮尔埃; Billy Budd比利·巴德沃尔特·惠特曼Father of free verse自由诗之父Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass草叶集(the birth of truly American poetry and the end ofromanticism)(共和圣经Democratic Bible美国史诗American Epic)1819-1892 Song of Myself自我之歌Democratic Vistas民主的前景埃米莉·迪金森她的诗大量破折号dash,主题love, nature, death, immortality; 语言plain, brevity, directEmily Dickinson This is My Letter to the World这是我给世界的一封信1830-1886I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died我死时听到一只苍蝇叫Because I could not Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神I’m Nobody. Who Are You?我是无名小卒。
全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne
By 张慧
hzhang8311@
Contents
• • • • • • Nathaniel Hawthorne Biographical Introduction Major Works Hawthorn’s Aesthetic Thinking Appreciating The Scarlet Letter Features of Hawthorne’s Writing
• William Hathorne(1606-1681): A colonial magistrate notorious in the persecution of Quakers • John Hathorne(1641-1717): a Judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692
• Hester
– a goddess in Greek Mythology – friendly, amiable and generous
• Dimmsdale
– Dim, not bright; – dale, valley
• Chillingworth
– Chill, make one feel cold
• Attack on the cruelty and dogmatism of Puritanism • …
Symbolism
• It refers to the writing technique of using symbols. • A symbol is something that conveys two kinds of meaning; it is simply itself, and it stands for something other than itself. • In other words, a symbol is both literal and figurative.
全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介 PPT
• Died On Mar 24, 1882 in Cambridge city, Massachusetts • The only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s corner of Westminster Abbey.
Longfellow's bust in the Poet's Corner
Appreciating “A Form and Rhythm • Writing Technique
Theme
• Life is short, but real and earnest. • We should be active and optimistic towards life. • Act positively and leave footprints on the sand of time to inspire and encourage the following descendants. • …
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Lecture 9
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Contents
• • • • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Biographical Introduction Major Works Analysis of
– “A Psalm of Life” – “The Slave’s Dream” – The Song of Hiawatha
– – – – received degrees from Oxford and Cambridge Given a private audience by Queen Victoria called by request upon the Prince of Wales chosen as a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and of the Spanish Academy
(完整版)美国作家作品总结
Chapter1William Bradford (1590–1657) 布拉德福德Plymouth Plantation《普利茅斯种植园史》.Anne Bradstreet (1617-1672) 布莱德斯特The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America《新近在美洲出现的第十位缪斯女神》.Jonathan Edwards (1702-1758) 爱德华兹The Freedom of the Will 《意志的自由》The Nature of True Virtue《真正德行的本质》Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God《愤怒上帝手中的罪民》.Thomas Pain (培恩1737–1809)prose writerborn in Englandarrived in Philadelphia in 1774 (37 yrs)Common Sense《常识》(1776)The Age of Reason 《理性年代》The Rights of Man 《人的权利》American Crisis 《美国危机》Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790)Pennsylvania Gazette 《宾夕法尼亚报》.The Autobiography 《自传》Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷理查德历书》The only American who signed 4 important documentsBeing one of those who drafted articles leading to the Declaration of Independence. 《独立宣言》Served on the convention to draft the Constitution《宪法》, which was finally adopted in 1789.Treaty of ParisTreaty of Peace with EnglandPhilip Freneau (弗瑞诺1752–1832)WorksBookletThe Rising Glory of America 《兴起的美洲光荣》Poems“The Wild Honey Suckle”“野忍冬花”“To the Memory of the Brave Americans”“纪念美国勇士”“The Indian Burying Ground”“印第安人的埋葬地”Chapter2Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783 - 1859A History of New York by Diedrich Knickerbocker 《纽约外史》The Tales of a Traveler 《游者谈》Charles the Second 《查理二世》The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus 《哥伦布的生平和航行史》The Alhambra 《阿尔罕伯拉》Biographies:Life of Washington《华盛顿传》Life of Oliver Goldsmith《哥德斯密斯传》Masterpiece: won him international recognitionThe Sketch Book《见闻札记》including“Rip Van Winkle”“瑞普·凡·温克尔”“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”“睡谷传说”James F. Cooper 库柏1789–1851Novels1. the first novel (challenged by his wife)Precaution 《戒备》2. about the American RevolutionThe Spy 《间谍》3. about adventures at seaPilot《领水员》4. about the frontier and the wild WestLeathers tocking Tales《皮袜子故事集》(a series of 5 novels):The Pioneers《拓荒者》作为自由和大自然的化身同法律秩序的代表Judge TempleThe Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫西干人》The Prairie 《大草原》栖身印第安部落离开人世The Pathfinder《探路者》身处情网边缘The Deerslayer《杀鹿者》年轻力壮Nathaniel Hawthorne霍桑1804-1864Collection of Short StoriesTwice-Told Tales 《重述的故事》Mosses from an Old Manse 《古屋青苔》including “Young Goodman Brown”《好小伙布朗》“The Celestial Railroad”《通天铁路》Other WorksThe House of the Seven Gables《七个带尖顶阁的房子》The Blithedale Romance 《福谷传说》The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》The Life of Franklin Pierce《富兰克林•皮尔斯传》Our Old Home《我们的老家》MasterpieceThe Scarlet Letter 《红字》Edgar Allen Poe 埃·加·爱伦坡1809–1849PoemsTamerlane and Other Poems 《帖木耳和其他》“Israel”《以色拉非》“To Helen”《致海伦》(Allusion 用典)“The Raven”《乌鸦》“Annabel Lee”《安娜贝尔妮》Two Collections of Short StoriesTales of the Grotesque and Arabesque《奇异怪诞故事集》Tales《故事集》Including:“The Fall of the House of Usher”《厄舍屋的倒塌》“The Masque of the Red Death”《红色死亡的假面具》Henry David Thoreau梭罗1817-1862“Civil Disobedience”《论公民之不服从》Walden, or Life in the Woods 《瓦尔登湖》Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生1803-1882Moby-Dick 《白鲸》(masterpiece)Typee 《泰比》Omoo 《欧穆》Mardi 《玛地》White Jacket 《白外套》Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1902his lifetime achievement:Leaves of Grass 《草叶集》masterpiece:“Song of Myself”“自我之歌”Harriet Beecher Stowe哈里叶特·比彻·斯托(1811-1896)Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》Chapter3Mark Twain马克·吐温1835-1910Three stages in Mark Twain’s literary career:1. The early stage: the major tone is humor and memory.The Celebrated Jumping Fog of Calaveras County《卡拉维拉县的著名跳蛙》1st short storyThe Innocents Abroad 《傻瓜国外旅行记》Roughing It《艰苦岁月》The Gilded Age《镀金年代》his 1st novel Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆·索亚历险记》Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝利·芬历险记》Life on the Mississippi 《密西西比河上的生活》2. The middle stage: the major tone is satire and criticismA Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court《亚瑟王朝庭的康涅狄格州美国人》The Tragedy of Pudd’n-head Wilson《傻瓜威尔逊的悲剧》The Prince and Pauper《王子与贫儿》3. The late stage: the major tone is satire and depressionThe Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》Henry James亨利·詹姆士1843-1916Three Periods of James’literary Career:1.Early period (1865-1882): “international theme”The American (1877) 《一个美国人》Daisy Miller (1878) 《黛西·米勒》The Europeans (1878) 《欧洲人》The Portrait of a Lady (1881)《贵妇人画像》(masterpiece)2. Middle period (1865-1895): experiments with different themes and forms (subtle studies ofinter-personal relationship)The Bostonians (1886) 《波士顿人》The Private Life (1893)《私人生活》3. Late Period (1895-1916): a revival of the theme of innocence in a corrupted world and “theinternational theme”.The Turn of the Screw (1898)《螺丝在拧紧》The Ambassadors (1903)《大使们》The Wings of the Dove (1902) 《鸽翼》The Golden Bowl (1904) 《金碗》O. Henry (欧·亨利1862–1910)a short story writersome of his best stories:The Man Higher Up《黄雀在后》The Gift of the Magi《麦琪的礼物》The Last Leaf《最后的叶子》The Cop and the Anthem《警察与赞美诗》Theodore Dreiser (德莱赛1871-1945)Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》(1900)Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》(1911)Dreiser’s “Trilogy of Desire”欲望三步曲:The Financier《金融家》(1912)The Titan《巨头》(1914)The Stoic《斯尔葛》(1947)The Genius《天才》(1915)An American Tragedy《美国的悲剧》(1925)(masterpiece)Dreiser Looks at Russia《德莱赛对俄罗斯的观感》(1928)The Bulwark《堡垒》(1946)Jack London (杰克·伦敦1876–1916)Love of Life 《热爱生命》White Fang《白獠牙》The Sea Wolf《海狼》The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》(a novel with the color of autobiography)Stephen Crane (克莱恩1871-1900)Maggie, a Girl of the Street《街头女郎麦琪》The Red Badge of the Courage《红色英勇勋章》Chapter4Robert Frost 罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874 -1963Early Poem:“Home Burial”《家葬》Collections of Poems:A Boy’s Will 《少年的意志》North of Boston 《波士顿以北》Mountain Interval 《山间》West-Running Brook 《向西流去的小溪》A Further Range 《又一片牧场》A Masque of Reason 《理智的假面具》In the Clearing 《林间空地》Lyric Poems:“Mending Wall”《修墙》“The Road Not Taken”《没有走的路》“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”《雪夜林畔》“Death of the Hired Man”《雇工之死》“The Gift Outright”《全心的奉献》Ezra Pound 埃兹拉·庞德(1885-1972)Collected Poems of Ezra PoundThe Cantos 《诗章》Hugh Selwyn Mauberly 《休·塞尔温·莫伯利》Two translations:The Seafarer 《水手》Cathay 《华夏》T.S. Eliot 艾略特(1888—1965)As a PoetThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock普鲁弗洛克的情歌The Waste Land荒原(masterpiece)Hollow Man 空心人Ash Wednesday 圣灰星期三Four Quartets 四个四重奏As a DramatistMurder in the Cathedral 《大教堂凶杀案》The Cocktail Party 《鸡尾酒会》The Confidential Clerk 《机要秘书》The Family Reunion 《全家团聚》CriticThe Sacred Wood 《神木》Essays on Style and Order 《风格及秩序论文集》After Strange Gods 《拜异教之神》F. Scott Fitzgerald菲茨杰拉德(1896-1940)Four BooksFlappers and Philosophers《轻佻女郎与哲学家》Tales of the Jazz Age 《爵士乐时代的故事》All the Sad Young Men 《一代悲哀的年轻人》Taps at Reveille 《拍打在起床号上》NovelsThis Side of Paradise 《人间天堂》The Beautiful and the Damned 《美丽与毁灭又名漂亮冤家》The Great Gatsby (masterpiece) 《了不起的盖茨比》Tender is the Night 《夜色温柔》The Last Tycoon (unfinished novel)《最后大亨》William Faulkner福克纳(1897-1962)1st Stage:The Marble Faun 《大理石雕像》-- poems Soldier’s Pay 《士兵的报酬》-- his first novel2nd Stage:The Sound and Fury《喧哗与骚动》As I Lay Dying 《我弥留之际》Light in August 《八月之光》Absalom, Absalom! 《押沙龙,押沙龙!》3rd Stage:Go Down, Moses 《去吧,摩西》A Rose for Emily 《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》-- a short storyErnest Hemingway海明威( 1898-1961)1. About warThe Sun Also Rises 《太阳照样升起》A Farewell to Arms 《永别了,武器》For Whom the Bell Tolls 《丧钟为谁而鸣》2. About hunting, fishing and bull-fightingabout bull-fightingDeath in the Afternoon 《午后之死》about fishingThe Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》2. About hunting, fishing and bull-fightingabout huntingGreen Hills in Africa 《非洲的青山》The Snow of Kilimanjaro ['dʒɑ:]《乞力马扎罗山上的雪》John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克(1902-1968)Cup of Gold《金杯》(his first novel)The Pastures of Heaven《天国牧场》To a God Unknown 《致一位未知的神》Tortilla Flat 《煎饼坪》Of Mice and Man 《鼠与人》The Grapes of Wrath 《愤怒的葡萄》(masterpiece) The Pearl 《珍珠》Margaret Mitchell 玛格丽特·米切尔(1900-1949) Gone with the Wind《飘》《乱世佳人》Chapter5W. E. B. Du Bois 杜波依斯(1868–1963)The Souls of Black Folk《黑人的灵魂》(masterpiece) Black Reconstruction in America 《美国的黑人重建》Dusk of Dawn 《黎明的尘埃》James Mercer Langston Hughes兰斯顿·休斯(1902 –1967)Poems“The Weary Blues”疲惫的蓝调“Fine Clothes to the Jew”漂亮衣服的犹太人“Dreams”梦想“The Negro Speaks of Rivers”黑人谈河“Let America Be America Again”让美国再次成为美国“Shakespeare in Harlem”莎士比亚在哈姆雷“Border Line”界限Ralph Waldo Ellison 埃里森(1913–1994)Invisible Man《看不见的人》Shadow and Act《影子与行动》Going to the Territory《去领域》James Arthur Baldwin 鲍德温(1924 –1987)Go Tell it on the Mountain《向苍天呼吁》his first best-known novel“Notes of a Native Son”(土生子札记) essay, explore intricacies of racial, sexual, and class distinctions in Western societies.The Fire Next Time《下次便是火焰》essayToni Morrison 托尼·莫里森(1931---)The Bluest Eye 《最蓝的眼睛》Beloved 《宠儿》Tar Baby 《柏油孩子》Song of Solomon 《所罗门之歌》Sula 《秀拉》Jazz 《爵士乐》Paradise 《天堂》Love 《爱》A Mercy 《恩惠》Alice Walker 艾里斯·沃克(1944 —)The Color Purple 《紫色》the Pulitzer Prizethe National Book AwardEpistolary novel书信体小说Chapter6Eugene O’Neill尤金·奥尼尔(1888-1953)The Hairy Ape 《毛猿》Anna Christie 《安娜·克里斯蒂》Desire Under the Elms 《榆树下的欲望》Long Day’s Journey into Night (masterpiece)《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》Tennessee Williams田纳西·威廉姆斯(1911—1983) The Glass Menagerie 《玻璃动物园》won the New York Drama Critics’Circle Award.A Streetcar Named Desire 《欲望号街车》Pulitzer PrizeCat on a Hot Tin Roof 《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》Pulitzer PrizeArthur Miller阿瑟·米勒(1915—2005)All My Sons 《我的儿子们》Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》masterpiece The Crucible 《炼狱》/《萨勒姆的女巫》A View from the Bridge 《桥头眺望》The Price 《代价》The American Clock 《美国大钟》Everybody Wins 《人人是赢家》Chapter 7Saul Bellow 贝娄(1915—2005)Dangling Man 《晃来晃去的人》The Victim 《受害者》The Adventure of Augie March 《奥基·马奇历险记》Henderson the Rain King 《雨王汉德逊》Herzog 《赫索格》Mr Sammler’s Planet 《塞姆勒先生的行星》Humboldt’s Gift 《洪堡的礼物》Seize the Day 《且乐今朝》(masterpiece)J.D. Salinger 塞林杰(1919-2010)The Catcher in the Rye《麦田守望者》Joseph Heller 约瑟夫·海勒(1923 - 1999)His first novel, Catch-22《第二十二条军规》Amy Tan 谭恩美(1952 —)The Joy Luck Club 《喜福会》(1989)The Kitchen God’s Wife 《灶王之妻》(1991)The Hundred Secret Senses 《百种神秘感觉》(1995) The Bonesetter's Daughter 《接骨师之女》(2001) Saving Fish from Drowning 《沉没之鱼》(2005)。
美国浪漫主义时期文学家及其作品
美国浪漫主义时期文学家及其作品华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving,1783年-1859年),19世纪美国最著名的作家,号称美国文学之父。
出生在纽约一个富商家庭,从少年时代起就喜爱阅读英国作家司各特、拜仑和彭斯等人的作品。
第一部重要作品是《纽约外史》。
1820年,欧文的《见闻札记》出版,引起欧洲和美国文学界的重视,这部作品奠定了欧文在美国文学史上的地位。
此外还有作品《瑞普·凡·温克尔》《睡谷的传说》等。
詹姆斯·库珀(James Cooper,l789年-1851年) 美国小说家,早期写有《间谍》《拓荒者》《舵手》,还写了反映欧洲生活的三部曲:《刺客》《黑衣教士》和《刽子手》,表现教权和封建势力在资本主义兴起之前已日趋腐朽和衰落。
在《归途》和《家乡面貌》中不仅讽刺了美国社会,还讽刺了家乡库珀斯敦的一些人物的伪善和愚意,因此而受到舆论攻击。
他最有成就的作品,如《皮袜子故事集》五部曲,对美国的西部小说产生很大影响,至今仍拥有不少读者。
威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特(William Cullen Bryant,1794年-1878年),美国诗人和新闻记者。
美国最早期的自然主义诗人之一。
他的作品包括:《诗集》《泉水与其他》《白足鹿及其他诗》《诗三十首》《自然之声》《似水流年》《游历者的信札》等。
纳撒尼尔·霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne,1804年-1864年),19世纪前半期美国伟大的小说家。
其代表作品有:短篇小说集《古宅青苔》、《重讲一遍的故事》等,长篇小说《红字》、《带七个尖顶的阁楼》、《福谷传奇》、《玉石人像》等。
这些都是世界文学史上不可多得的经典名著。
埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe,1809年-1849年),十九世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家,在世时长期担任报刊编辑工作。
8 全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介William Cullen Bryant
Theme?
Live and enjoy life fully before arriving at the final destination Calmly accept and embrace death (sweet dreams) ...
Form?
Blank verse Iambic pentameter
“To a Waterfowl” -- Background Information
Composed by Bryant after a walk from Cummington to Plainfield, (Massachusetts) at the close of a day of self-doubt and despair in Dec,1815. Two burdens in Bryant’s mind
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威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特williamcullenbryant主要作品收集
威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特williamcullenbryant主要作品收集威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特william cullen bryant主要作品收集Thanatopsis(死亡随想曲)by William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)TO HIM who in the love of Nature holdsCommunion with her visible forms, she speaksA various language; for his gayer hoursShe has a voice of gladness, and a smileAnd eloquence of beauty, and she glides 5Into his darker musings, with a mildAnd healing sympathy, that steals awayTheir sharpness, ere he is aware. When thoughtsOf the last bitter hour come like a blightOver thy spirit, and sad images 10Of the stern agony, and shroud, and pall,And breathless darkness, and the narrow house,Make thee to shudder, and grow sick at heart;—Go forth under the open sky, and listTo Nature's teachings, while from all around—15 Earth and her waters, and the depths of air—Comes a still voice—Yet a few days, and theeThe all-beholding sun shall see no moreIn all his course; nor yet in the cold ground, Where thy pale form was laid, with many tears, 20Nor in the embrace of ocean, shall existThy image. Earth, that nourished thee, shall claimThy growth, to be resolved to earth again,And, lost each human trace, surrendering upThine individual being, shalt thou go 25To mix forever with the elements;To be a brother to the insensible rock, And to the sluggish clod, which the rude swainTurns with his share, and treads upon. The oak Shall send his roots abroad, and pierce thy mould. 30 Yet not to thine eternal resting-place Shalt thou retire alone, nor couldst thou wish Couch more magnificent. Thou shalt lie downWith patriarchs of the infant world,—with kings, The powerful of the earth,—the wise, the good, 35 Fair forms, and hoary seers of ages past,All in one mighty sepulchre. The hills Rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun; the valesStretching in pensive quietness between;The venerable woods—rivers that move 40In majesty, and the complaining brooksThat make the meadows green; and, poured round all, Old Ocean's gray and melancholy waste,—Are but the solemn decorations allOf the great tomb of man! The golden sun, 45The planets, all the infinite host of heaven,Are shining on the sad abodes of death,Through the still lapse of ages. All that treadThe globe are but a handful to the tribes That slumber in its bosom.—Take the wings 50 Of morning, pierce the Barcan wilderness,Or lose thyself in the continuous woods Where rolls the Oregon, and hears no sound,Save his own dashings,—yet the dead are there:And millions in those solitudes, since first 55The flight of years began, have laid them downIn their last sleep—the dead reign there alone.So shalt thou rest; and what if thou withdrawIn silence from the living, and no friendTake note of thy departure? All that breathe 60Will share thy destiny. The gay will laughWhen thou art gone, the solemn brood of carePlod on, and each one as before will chaseHis favorite phantom; yet all these shall leave Their mirth and their employments, and shall come 65 And make their bed with thee. As the long trainOf ages glide away, the sons of men,The youth in life's green spring, and he who goesIn the full strength of years, matron and maid, The speechless babe, and the gray-headed man—70 Shall one by one be gathered to thy sideBy those, who in their turn shall follow them.So live, that when thy summons comes to joinThe innumerable caravan which moves To that mysterious realm, where each shall take 75 His chamber in the silent halls of death,Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night, Scourged to his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed By an unfaltering trust, approach thy graveLike one who wraps the drapery of his couch 80About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. THANATOPSIS 《死亡冥想》死亡冥想威廉·卡伦·布赖恩特对他,她说着各种语言,他爱自然,与她的种种可见形式进行交流;为他欢快的时光她表达着快乐,微笑着,并大加赞美,她悄悄溜进他的隐秘的冥想,带着温和的治愈一切的同情,在他明白之前偷走他的痛苦。
美国各文学时期重要作家及其主要作品
美国各文学时期重要作家及其主要作品美国文学的发展历史虽然只有200多年,但是它在这段时间里所取得的成就却是十分辉煌的。
美国文学业已形成的民族性、时代性和社会性,使它成为世界文学的重要组成部分。
美国文学的发展和美国历史的发展几乎是平行的。
美国殖民主义时期三个代表诗人1.安妮·布雷兹特里特Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672)美国第一位作品得以发表的女诗人。
她出生于英格兰,1630年时随父亲和丈夫来到北美马萨诸塞湾殖民地。
诗的风格与同时代的英国诗人John Donne、Edward Taylor有相似之处。
她最著名的诗集是《第十位缪斯》(The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America,1650),这也是她生前出版的唯一诗集。
一般认为,她最优秀的诗作,主要收录于她去世后由罗杰斯选编的《布雷兹特里特诗集》(Several Poems 1678)。
《写在我家失火之际》On the Burning of Our House)反映出殖民时期生活的侧面,《灵与肉》(The Flesh and the Spirit)向读者展示了作为一名虔诚的清教徒,在面临新大陆恶劣的生存环境时,诗人内心深处肉体与灵魂、世俗与信仰之间的斗争。
2.爱德华·泰勒(Edward Taylor,1644?-1729年)美国清教派牧师和诗人。
他被公认为美国19世纪前最重要的诗人。
在他有生之年仅发表过两首诗歌,直到1937年人们研究他的手稿时才认识到他那虔诚的诗歌的优美绝伦。
像约翰·多恩和乔治·赫伯特以及其他英国玄学派诗人一样,泰勒擅长运用精心选择的暗喻和丰富而唯美的比喻,也采用日常生活中的寻常措辞和比喻。
《爱德华·泰勒诗集》(1939年)收录了他的杰作,包括写于约1685年的《上帝对其选民有影响的决定》,和写于1682-1726年的《内省录》(Preparatory Meditation)中的部分。
美国著名作家及其主要作品
美国著名作家及其主要作品1、殖民地时期(1607-1765)William BradfordJohn WinthropCaptain John SmithAnne BradstreetEdward Taylor2、启蒙时期与独立战争时期(1765-18世纪末)Jonathan Edwards(乔纳森·爱德华兹)The Freedom of the Will(《意志的自由》)1754The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended(《原罪说辩》)1758 Images or Shadows of Divine Things(《神灵的行影》)1758 Benjamin Franklin(本杰明·富兰克林)The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin(《本杰明·富兰克林自传》)1748Poor Richard’s Almanac(《理查德历书》)17583、浪漫主义时期(1800-1865)Washington Irving(华盛顿·欧文)A History of New York From the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty(《纽约外史》)1809The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent(《见闻札记》)1819-1820James Fenimore Cooper(詹姆士·费尼莫·库柏)Leather-stocking Tales(《皮裹腿故事集》)The Spy(《间谍》)1821The Pioneers(《拓荒者》)1823The Last of the Mohicans(《最后的莫西干人》)1826The Prairie(《草原》)1827The Pathfinder(《探路者》)1840The Deerslayer(《杀鹿者》)1841Ralph Waldo Emerson (拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生)Nature(《大自然》)1836Henry David Thoreau(亨利·大卫·梭罗)A Week on the Concord and Merrimark Rivers(《康科德和美利马克河上的一周》)1849Walden(《华尔登湖畔》)1854Nathaniel Hawthorne(纳撒尼尔·霍桑)The Scarlet letter(《红字》)1850The House of the Seven Gables(《带有七个尖角阁的房子》)1851 The Marble Faun(《玉石雕像》)1860Herman Melville(赫尔曼·梅尔维尔)Clarel(《克拉勒尔》)1876Moby Dick(《大白鲸》)1851Typee(《泰皮》)1846Omoo(《欧穆》)1847Mardi(《玛地》)1849Redburn(《莱德勃恩》)1849White Jacket(《白夹克》)1850Pierre(《皮埃尔》)1852Walt Whitman(沃尔特·惠特曼)Leaves of Grass(《草叶集》)1855Edgar Allan Poe(埃德加·爱伦·坡)The Murders in the Rue Morgue(《莫格街凶杀案》)1841 The Raven(《乌鸦》)18444、现实主义时期(1865-1918)William Dean Howells(威廉·狄威·豪威尔斯)A Modern Instance(《现代婚姻》)1881The Rise of Silas Lapham(《塞拉斯·帕拉姆的发迹》)1885 Henry James(亨利·詹姆士)The American(《美国人》)1877Daisy Miller(《戴茜·密勒》)1879Washington Square(《华盛顿广场》)1881The Portrait of a Lady(《贵妇的画像》)1881The Aspern Papers(《阿斯本文件》)1888The Wings of the Dove(《鸽翼》)The Ambassadors(《奉使记》)1903Harriet Beecher Stowe(哈利特·比彻·斯托夫人)The Cabin of Uncle Tom(《汤姆叔叔的小屋》)1851Mark Twain(马克·吐温)The Gilded Age(《镀金时代》)1870The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(《汤姆·索耶历险记》)1876 Life on the Mississippi(《在密西西比河的生活》)1883The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》)1884A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court(《在亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州美国人》)1889The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg(《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》)1900The Mysterious Stranger(《神秘的陌生人》)1916Stephen Crane(斯蒂芬·克兰)Maggie: A Girl of the Streets(《街头女郎梅吉》)1893The Black Riders (《黑骑士》)1895The Red Badge of Courage(《红色英勇勋章》)1895Frank Norris(弗兰克·诺里斯)McTeague(《麦克提格》)1894-1895The Octopus(《章鱼》)1901The Pit(《粮食交易所》)1903Theodore Dreiser(西奥多·德莱塞)Sister Carrie(《嘉莉妹妹》)1900Jannie Gerhardt (《珍妮姑娘》)1911The Financier (《金融家》)1912The Titan (《巨人》)1914The Genius (《天才》)1915An American Tragedy (《美国悲剧》)1925Edwin Arlington Robinson (埃德温·阿灵顿·罗宾逊)The Town Down the River (《急流与昨夜》)1910Man Against the Sky(《天边人影》)1916Jack London(杰克·伦敦)The Call of the Wild (《荒野的呼唤》)1903Martin Eden (《马丁·伊登》)1909Upton Sinclair (阿普顿·辛克莱尔)The Jungle (《屠场》)19065、现代主义时期(1918-1945)T·S·Eliot (艾略特)The Waste Land (《荒原》)1922Ezra Pound (埃兹拉·庞德)Homage to Sextus Propertius (《向塞克斯特斯·普罗波蒂斯致敬》)1917Hugh Selwyn Mauberley (《休·塞耳温·莫伯利》)1920 Wallace Stevens (华莱尔·史蒂文斯)Ideas of Order (《关于秩序的思想》)1935The Man With the Blue Guitar (《持蓝吉他的人》)1937Parts of a world (《一个世界的某些部分》)1942Transport to Summer (《转入夏季》)1947The Auroras of Autumn (《秋天的晨曦》)1950The Necessary Angel (《必不可少的安琪儿》)1951Opus Posthumous (《遗作集》)1957William Carlos Williams (威廉·卡洛斯·威廉姆》)Kora in Hell (《卡洛在地狱中》)1920Spring and All (《春天及一切》)1923Paterson (《佩特森》)1946Robert Frost (罗伯特·弗洛斯特)A Boy’s Will (《少年的意志》)1912North of Boston (《波士顿以北》)1914Mountain Interval (《山间》)1916Carl Sanburg (卡尔·塞堡)Chicago Poems (《芝加哥诗集》)1916Cornhuskers (《剥玉米机》)1918Smoke and Steel (《烟与钢》)1920Good morning, America (《早晨好,美国》)1928 The people, Yes (《人民,是的》)1936 E·E·Cummings (E·E·卡明斯)The Enormous Room (《大屋》)1922F·Scott Fitzgerald (F·斯各特·菲茨杰拉德)The Great Gatsby(《了不起的盖茨比》)1925 Tender is the Night (《夜色温柔》)1934The Last Tycoon (《最后的大亨》)1940Ernest Hemingway(厄尼斯特·海明威)The Sun Also Rise(《太阳照样升起》)1926A Farewell to Arms(《永别了,武器》)1928 Death in Afternoon(《在午后死去》)1932Green Hills of Africa(《非洲的青山》)1935To Have and to Have Not(《富有与贫穷》)1937 The Fifth Column(《第五纵队》)1937For Whom The Bell Tolls(《丧钟为谁而鸣》)1940 The Old Man and the Sea(《老人与海》)1952 William Faulkner(威廉·福克纳)Sartoris(《沙特里斯》)1929The Sound and the Fury(《尘嚣与骚动》)1929As I Lay Dying(《当我躺着死去》)1930Sanctuary(《圣坛》)1931Light in August(《八月之光》)1932Absalom, Absalom(《押沙龙,押沙龙》)1936Go Down, Moses(《去吧,摩西》)1942Sherwood Anderson(舍伍德·安德森)Winesburg, Ohio(《小城畸人》)1919Sinclair Lewis(辛克莱·刘易斯)Main Street(《大街》)1920Babbitt(《巴比特》)1922Arrowsmith(《阿罗史密斯》)1925Dodsworth(《多兹沃斯》)1929Willa Cather(威拉·凯瑟)My Antonia (《我的安东尼亚》)1918The Song of the Lark(《欢乐之歌》)1915A Lost Lady(《一位失踪的女士》)1923The Professor’s House(《教授的屋子》)1925Death Comes for the Archibishop (《大教主之死》)1927 Shadows on the Rock(《盘石上的阴影》)1931 Thomas Wolfe(托玛斯·沃尔夫)Look Homeward, Angel(《天使望故乡》)1929Of Time and the River(《时间与河流》)1935The Web and the Rock(《网与石》)1939You Can’t Go Home Again(《你不能再回去》)1940Eugene O’Neill(尤金·奥尼尔)Beyond the Horizon(《海平线上》)1920Anna Christie(《安娜·克里斯汀》)1922The Iceman Comes(《冰人来了》)1946Long Day’s Journey into Night(《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》)1956 John Dos Passos(约翰·多斯·帕索斯)The 42nd Parallel(《第四十二条平行线》)19301919(《一九一九年》)1932The Big Money(《赚大钱》)1936Adventures of a Young Man(《一位年轻人的冒险》)1939 John Steinbeck(约翰·斯坦贝克)Tortilla Flat(《托蒂拉平地》)1935Of Mice and Man(《鼠与人》)1937The Grapes of Wrath(《愤怒的葡萄》)1939East of Eden(《伊甸园以东》)1952Travels with Charley(《与查理一起旅游》)1962Margaret Mitchell(玛格丽特·米切尔)Gone With the Wind(《飘》)1936Richard Wright(理查德·赖特)Black Boy(《黑小孩》)1945Native Son(《土生子》)1940The Man Who Lived Underground(《住在地下的人》)1942 Clifford Odets(克里福特·奥迪斯特)Golden Boy(《金童》)19376、当代文学(1945- )William IngeCome Back, Little Sheba (《回来吧,小希巴》)Picnic(《野餐》)Tennessee Williams(田纳西·威廉)The Glass Menagerie(《玻璃动物园》)1945A Streetcar Named Desire(《欲望号街车》)1947The Rose Tatoo(《玫瑰刺花》)1951Cat on a Hot Tin Roof(《热锡顶屋上的猫》)1955Arthur Miller(阿瑟·米勒)All My Sons(《我的儿子们》)1947The Crucible(《炼狱》)1953A View from the Bridge(《桥头眺望》)1955After the Fall(《堕落之后》)1964Incident at Vichy(《维西事件》)1964The Price(《代价》)1968The Creation of the World and Other Business(《创世纪及其他》)1972The Archbishop’s Ceiling(《大主教的天花板》)1977 Edward Albee(爱德华·阿尔比)Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf(《谁怕维吉尼亚·沃尔夫》)1962 Saul Bellow(索尔·贝娄)The Victim(《牺牲者》)1945The Adventures of Augie March(《奥吉·玛琪历险记》)1953 Seize the Day (《只争朝夕》)1956Henderson the Rain King (《雨王汉德逊》) 1959Herzog (《赫尔索格》)1964Mr·Sammler’s Planet (《塞姆勒先生的行星》) 1970 Humboldt’s Gifts (《洪堡特的礼物》)1975The Dean’s December (《院长的十二月》)1982Norman Mailer (诺尔曼·梅勒)The Naked and the Dead (《裸者与死者》) 1948The Armies of the Night (《夜之军队》)1968The Executioner’s Song (《刽子手之歌》)1979Ancient Evening (《古老黄昏》)1983J·D·Salinger (J·D·塞林格)The Catcher in the Rye (《麦田守望者》)1951Joseph Heller (约瑟夫·海勒)Catch-22 (《第22条军规》) 1961Kurt V onnegut Jr·(小库尔特·冯纳古特)Slaughterhouse Five (《第五号屠场》)1969Ken Kesey (肯·凯西)One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest (《飞越疯人院》)1961 Robert Lowell (罗伯特·洛威尔)Land of Unlikeness (《异地》)1944Life Studies (《人生写照》)1959Allen Ginsberg (艾伦·金斯伯格)Howl (《嚎》)1956Charles Olson (查尔斯·奥森)The Distances (《距离》)1961Langston Hughes (兰斯顿·休斯)Simples Speaks His Mind (《辛普尔倾吐衷情》)1950 Ralph Ellison (拉尔夫·艾里森)Invisible Man (隐形人)1952Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone (《告诉我,火车走了多久》)1968Katherine Anne Porter (凯瑟琳·安·波特)Pale Horse , Pale Rider (《灰色骑士,灰色马》) 1939The Leaning Tower (《斜塔》)1945Ship of Fools (《愚人船》)1962Bernard Malamud (伯纳德·玛拉穆德)The Assistant (《助手》)1957A New Life (《新的生活》) 1961Dubin’s Lives (《杜宾的生活》)1979John Barth (约翰·巴思)The End of the Road (《路的尽头》)1958Lost in the Funhouse (《迷失在娱乐场》)1968 John Updike (约翰·厄普代克)Rabbit , Run (《兔子,快跑》)1960Sylvia Plath (西尔维亚·普拉斯)The Colossus (《巨人》)1960Lady Lazarus (《拉撒路女士》)1963Joyce Caral Oates (乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨)Them (《他们》)1969Wonderland (《奇境》)1970Toni MorrisonThe Bluest Eyes (《最蓝的眼睛》)1970Sula (《秀拉》)1973Song of Solomon (《所罗门之歌》)1969Tar Baby(《柏油娃娃》)1981Beloved (《爱娃》)1987Jazz (《爵士乐》) 1992Paradise (《天堂》)1998。
10 全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
Poet
Short story writer Literary critic
Biographical Introduction
Born in Boston In 1809 Parents: traveling actors; died When Poe was a child Adopted by John Allan, a merchant of Virginia Education entered the University of Virginia in 1826, but left a short time later Career got an appointment to West Point in 1831 but was dismissed within a year because of misbehavior For most time in his short life, worked as an editor A great poet, literary critic, and writer of fiction
Contents
Edgar Allan Poe Biographical Introduction Major Works Poe’s Poetic theories Appreciating “The Raven” Poe’s theories of short story Appreciating The Fall of the House of Usher Evaluation of Edgar Allan Poe
Theory of Short Story
美国文学中所有作品!个人整理!强烈推荐!
一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America1.船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”《弗吉尼亚地图,附:一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”2.威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3.约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”4.罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”5.安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution1。
本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”2。
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Main Idea (Structure)
Three parts
Line 1-17 nature’s purifying role in human beings’ life Line 18-73 (Nature’s tone) meaning of death Line 74-82 the right attitude that human beings should take towards death
Biographical Introduction (2)
Education and working experience
Spent two years in Williams College Began to study law and was admitted to the bar in 1815 Turned to journalism in 1825 and became an editor for New York Evening Post (1827-1877) Developed an interest in poetry early in life, starting to write poems at 14 During his late years, he translated Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey
Theme?
Live and enjoy life fully before arriving at the final destination Calmly accept and embrace death (sweet dreams) ...
Form?
Blank verse Iambic pentameter
“To a waterfowl” (1821)
The peak of his work, best lyric poem Called by Matthew Arnold as the “most perfect brief poem in poets
A number of pre-Romantic English poets of the 18th century characterized by their gloomy meditations on mortality. Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Oliver Goldsmith, The Deserted Village
Form?
Clean and tidy Iambic trimeter and pentameter Eight alternating rhymed quatrains each with an “abab” rhythm
Appreciating “Thanatopsis”
Background Information Main Idea Theme Form
William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)
American romantic poet Journalist editor
Biographical Introduction (1)
Family Background
Born on November 3, 1794 in Cummington, 州立法委员 Massachusetts Father: a doctor and later a state legislator Maternal ancestry traces back to passengers on the Mayflower Paternal ancestry traces back to the early colonists
Williams College
a private liberal arts college located in Williamstown, Massachusetts
Major Works
“Thanatopsis” (1811-1812)
Most famous poem Influenced by the Graveyard School poets in England
Health Career: lawyer or writer (poet)?
Have you ever seen a waterfowl?
Appreciating “To a Waterfowl”
Image Theme Form
Image?
Only one image The waterfowl Definite, clear and highly unified Moral analogy
Background Information
“Thanatopsis”
Comes from Greek Means “view/meditation of death”
Question
Have you ever thought about “death”? What’s your opinion of it?
Evaluation of Bryant
The first American to gain the stature of a major poet
Serene and noble imaginative power Brief and concise language
“To a Waterfowl” -- Background Information
Composed by Bryant after a walk from Cummington to Plainfield, (Massachusetts) at the close of a day of self-doubt and despair in Dec,1815. Two burdens in Bryant’s mind
Theme?
Grateful view of the waterfowl Sense of a divine power that guides and protects everything in nature Determination in finding his own path under the guide of God …
Lecture 8
William Cullen Bryant
By 张慧
hzhang8311@
Contents
William Cullen Bryant Biographical Introduction Major Works Appreciating “To a Waterfowl” Appreciating “Thanatopsis” Evaluation of Bryant