国际生物多样性计划研究进展与案例

Ecology was originally a branch of biological disciplines, in the 20th century, the human face of a series of challenges in the 1960s, the leap became the world's attention to the interdisciplinary multidisciplinary disciplines.On the one hand, the relationship between biology and environment is explored on the macroscopic level, such as individual, population, community, ecosystem and so on. On the other hand, on the microscopic level of molecule, cell and so on, the modern ecology develops to macroscopic and microcosmic. And to explore the interrelationship between biology and environment. Ecology also ranges from molecules, genes, organs, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, landscapes, to the world. Modern ecology has spread to all areas of social life and science and technology, the formation of the various specific disciplines and fields of ecological theory shape.


3 The focus of research shifted from individuals to populations and communities, and then to ecosystem-based research. The early ecology of the main development is the natural history, the beginning of this century to the fifties of animal ecology is the number of population changes as the center of the problem, and plant ecology is focused on the development of community structure, succession of vegetation analysis, 10 years of comprehensive multi-disciplinary research has developed rapidly. 4 Since the natural ecosystem has been more or less disturbed and destroyed since the time of mankind, the natural ecosystem can be said to be almost non-existent in the era of population explosion, so the study of the semi-natural ecosystem and human's social ecosystem, Has become a popular research in modern ecology. 5 From theory to application, biodiversity research has drawn wide attention.

Natural Ecosystem Studies

The focus of the study Explore the interactions between the components of the ecosystem and the biosphere, understand the effects (or impacts) of the environment (inorganic and organic) on the organism and the reactions (or transformations),and their relationship and the role of law, which has been the focus of ecological research. Secondly, the study on the formation and development of biological populations in different environments, the changes of population numbers in time and space, the interspecific relationships and their adjustment processes, the adaptation strategies of the populations to specific environments and their basic characteristics. Thirdly, study the composition and characteristics of community, structure, function and dynamics of community, distribution of biological community, material circulation, energy flow and information transmission in ecosystem, development and evolution of ecosystem, and Evolution of Ecosystems and Human Relationships.


Characteristics of Modern Ecology

1 From the field to the room, the traditional ecology of natural biological systems are the object of study, revealing the natural state of the relationship between the environment and the environment and its laws.In recent years, with the development of science and technology, such as controlled ecosystems, micro-universe, artificial simulation of ecological laboratories, etc., can not destroy the organism and the environment for research and analysis, and biological conditions in the ideal equipment for growth Developmental laws and corresponding countermeasures. Further revealing the relationship between biological and natural environment, so that ecology has entered the experimental research period. 2 From qualitative to quantitative, ecology has long been considered a descriptive science, only individual ecology can be quantitative analysis, while the group is difficult to quantify part. In recent years, due to the introduction of new technologies such as electronic technology and remote control technology, and the interpenetration of mathematics, physics, chemistry, systematics and engineering, the research of group ecology has been greatly quantified, such as mathematical ecology, Ecological and other new areas of ecology continue to emerge.
现代生态学——常熟市生态 镇参观汇报
王维 161302122
指导老师：刘金娥
Introduction

百度文库
Ecology originated from human use and transformation of nature, some simple ecological ideas and ideas throughout the ancient people's production practice.Since Heckel proposed the concept of ecology in 1869,ecology has experienced three major stages of emergence, formation and development.With the concept of biomass, food chain, niche and ecosystem as the symbol, ecology has become a specific subject, research methods and theoretical system of independent disciplines With the development of human society, global climate change and environmental pollution to the ecology put forward new demands, until today, ecology is not only the theoretical basis for sustainable development ideas, and ecological planning, ecological engineering theory and methods to build high-yield, efficient and sustainable ecological management model, it is possible to achieve regional economic and social and sustainable development of resources.