2018上海各区高三英语一模——11选10(包含答案)

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上海市长宁、嘉定区2018届高三一模英语试题含答案

上海市嘉定区2018学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2018.12.27I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Fascinating. B. Useful. C. Difficult. D. Boring.2. A. In a restaurant. B. In a factory.C. In a department store.D. In an office.3.A. A librarian. B. A psychologist. C. A Publisher. D. A teacher.4. A. He prefers to join the woman later. B. He intends to eat out tonight.C. He wants to watch the basketball game.D. He hates to lose the championship.5. A. It was quite delightful. B. It was not well organized.C. Careful preparations had been done.D. People made a mess on the ground.6. A. He is quite unhappy with the woman. B. He is eager to know the woman's reply.C. The woman should make full use of her time.D. The woman doesn't have to be in a hurry.7. A. Go on smoking B. Cry out his heart.C. Talk with the doctor.D. Carry on with exercise.8. A. Boss and shop assistant. B. House agent and client,C. Interviewer and job hunter.D. Manager and customer.9. A. She had better stay up late tonight. B. She has to get more sleep at night.C. She should avoid distractions in class.D. She must improve her grades gradually.10. A.The man only filled his tank half full. B. The man can't read the instrument.C. The car is breaking down on the wayD. The car has run out of gasoline.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. purchasing less expensive objects available.B. Buying only essentials and a treat on occasion.C. Learning to cook for yourself at home.D. Living on less money than you earn.12. A. To have a better health B. To keep their promises.C. To avoid being hurt easily.D. To gain a desired friendship.13. A. Life skills needed to be learnt at an early age.B. Great ways of saving money in the early years.C. Practical skills to cook nutritious food at home.D. Methods of gathering wisdom instead of bitterness.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14. A. To work on the rented land peacefully. B.To get used to the terribly cold weather.C. To tell his kids stories every night.D. To break the poverty cycle of his family.15. A.He worked in the dairy with his mother. B.He learned to mend his own clothes.C. He had a strong passion for words.D.He got well educated at school.16. A. 25. B. 27. C. 28. D. 37.17. A. He was considerably influenced by his mother.B. Farm work turned out to be quite easy for him.C. He had already become famous before his father passed away.D. people in Scotland regarded him as a successful farmer singer.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18. A. Harbin is her favorite city. B. She doesn't like places in the south.C. Russia is a beautiful country.D. She can't stand the heat in summer.19. A. Driving a car by themselves in the local country.B. Getting a group of ten people traveling together.C. Flying at the weekend with special fare tickets.D. Inviting more friends to share the happiness.20. A. Not knowing any local people. B. Unable to find a fellow traveller.C. unable to speak Russian.D. Not having any interpreter ·II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is sport always fun ?One afternoon in the last week of term, I saw three children form my son’s school in tears being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year -old had stomach pains and (21) ______(throw ) up several times when I noticed his sickness. Talking to other mothers, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much suffering ? Sports day ---- not sports day at a highly competitive independent school, but at a large village primary. (22) ______ it causes no problem to the children who can fly (23) _____ the wind, for those who are poorly coordinated (动作协调), overweight or just not good at sport, it is terrible. Even for those who enjoy (24) ______(run ) but who fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.As for the reason (25) ______ we put our children through this annual suffering, some May say that competition is character-buliding or it is a tradition of school life; some may assume (26) ______ really matters is taking part not winning. I just felt pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of the “sport” were fun (27) ______ (watch) because they produced some close races, enormous enthusiasm and lots of shouting. More importantly , (28) ______(hide ) a little form everyone’s gaze, the children who were not so fast or so quick atpassing the ball had the excitement of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could (29)________(abandon) and replaced with some other summer event. perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be (30) ________(stressful )for the children and a lot more fun for the spectators.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.This invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of planes. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead he succeeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spite of these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was 33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for 34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still w asn’t without35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coat ing for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they 37 just that. Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than sticky notes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later that 3M bosses finally decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more sticky notes. This went beyond anybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.About five years ago, when the first generation of wearable fitness trackers became popular,they were announced as the dawn of a revolution. Health experts and busniesspeople alike said that giving people access to real-time calorie (卡路里)- burning and step-count data would inspire them to lose weight, eat better and -most important- ____41____ more. But even as the U.S. market for ___42____ devices hits $7 billion this year, there’s evidence that their promise isn’t quite paying off.The U.S. has an exercise problem, with 28% of Americans ages 50 and over considered wholly ___43____. That means 31 million adults move no more than is necessary to perform the most basic functions of daily life. Wearables, experts ___44___, were going to change that.But limited academic research has been done to figure out whether wearables ____45____ people’s behavior in the long term. The little research that does exist isn’t ____46____. For a recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers wanted to see whether activity trackers would help overweight people lose more weight over two years than if they just did a weight-loss intervention(干预) alone. They didn’t. “We found that just giving people a device doesn’t mean it’s going to ____47____ something you think it’s going to lead to,” says John Jakicic, the author of the study, from the University of Pittsburgh. “These activity trackers don’t engage people in strategies that make a ___48___ in terms of long-term change”Another new study highlighted a different challenge: user ____49___. By the end of a yearlong study of 800 people, just 10% of participants were still wearing the trackers, according to, Eric Finkelstein, a professor at the Duke- NUS Medical School in Singap ore. “We didn’t find that Fitbits really have much of an effect,” he says. This may well be because people expect trackers to do something they’re not designed to do-- ____50____, force them to change their behavior. “There’s ____51____ among people about their function, a measurement too l and an intervention,” Finkelstein says. A scale counts pounds, ____52____, but won’t teach you how to eat less. “When people put these devices on, they might interact with the app(应用程序) for the first few weeks, maybe the first few months, but there comes a point where that starts to fall off,” says Finkelstein.To be ____53___, some of the costlier add higher-tech wearables have features baked into them that encourage users to move more, says Shelten Yuen, Fitbit’s vice president of research. Among them: shaking sensors, movement reminders and social- media combination, all designed to ____54____ users to make better health choices every day. But more research will be needed to determine whether or not these ____55____ -- or others like them--measurably improve people’s health and fitness levels.41. A. learn B. purchase C. exercise D. perform42. A. wearable B. electronic C. hi-tech D. built-in43. A. misunderstood B. inactive C. discourage D. unchangeable44. A. announced B. determined C. hoped D. noticed45. A. limit B. understand C. interpret D. change46. A. encouraging B. interesting C. pioneering D. challenging47. A. benefit from B. result in C. add to D. look for48. A. design B. movement C. profit D. difference49. A. reduction B. participation C. creation D. expectation50. A. namely B. therefore C. however D. shortly51. A. argument B. popularity C. confusion D. interaction52. A. by the way B. in other words C. of course D. for example53. A. fair B. cute C. accessible D. technical54. A. persuade B. motivate C. follow D. teach55. A. concepts B. sensors C. scales D. featuresSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)In Michael Morpurgo’s novel War Horse, the horse is not only the principal character,he is the teller of his own story.Set in England and France 100 years ago War Horse tells the story of Joey, a handsome young horse who strikes up a close relationship with Albert, the teenage son of Joey’s owner.But war breaks out and they are separated and plunged into the horrors of the war in France.Both survive and are finally reunited after a remarkable series of events seen through the eyes of the splendid war horse, Joey.The following cutting comes from near the beginning of the book after Albert, much to his father’s surprise, has succeeded in training Joey to pull the plough.56. What amazed Albert’s father was that Joey could_______.A. help turn the soilB. survive the horrible warC. tell his own storiesD. make friends with people57. As for the coming war,Mother said that________.A. their village would get involved very soon.B. both Albert and Joey could be tough fightersC. the old duke’s death maybe meant nothing to themD. Albert was not grown up enough to join the army58. Which of the following best describes Albert according to Joey’s account in war horse?A. Imaginative but timidB. Innocent but braveC. Quiet but thoughtfulD. Ambitious but cold(B)Clare College CambridgeClare is the second oldest college in Cambridge University, having initially been founded in 1326 and refounded by Elizabath de Clare in 1338. Today, we uphold her educational and social goals and College is a booming community of over 100 Fellows, 450 undergraduate students, 200 graduate students and 100 staff.The College welcomes visitors, but please remember it is a working environment supporting academic scholarship. We hope you will enjoy the beauty of the gardens and buildings, but it is essential that visitors:●conduct themselves quietly around the College;●avoid blocking paths or doorways;●do not enter areas marked “Private” or “Closed”Historic buildings have steep steps and some rough surfaces. So please mind your steps. Please help to maintain the appearance of the College grounds by:●not picnicking or dropping litter;●keeping to the pathways in Old Court;●not smoking while on the College grounds.The Porters cabins provide first aid facilities. Unfortunately, Clare College does not have public toilets.PhotographyVisitors may use hand held cameras. Photography for commercial purposes requires prior permission in writing from the Head Porter.Preservation and DonationsClare College receives no state funding for the preservation of these historic buildings and gardens, but relies instead on donations. If you would like to support the work of the College, its buildings or gardens. Please contact the Development Office (http: www. ). We welcome inquires.59.From the writing we can learn that Clare College_________.A. only opens part of her buildings and gardens to the publicB. mainly gets the money from donators and the governmentC. enjoys a growing reputation as the second largest in Cambridge UniversityD. welcomes cameramen to take photos on campus for different purposes60. Suppose you are a tour guide with a group at Clare College, which of the following might trulyput you to trouble?A.A couple insist enjoying their lunch on the lawn.B.A child needs to go to the bathroom all of a sudden.C.An elderly woman falls off the steps and hurts herself.D.Some tourists keep exchanging ideas in a loud voice.61.We can most probably get this piece of writing from_________.A. the academic website of Cambridge UniversityB. the Development Office of Clare CollegeC. the Head Porter of Cambridge UniversityD. the main entrance of Clare College(C)Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments in favour of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of the following:homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom;students and parents expect homework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have are often overlooked.There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework os not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outside school before it ope ns. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homework requires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parents play a crucial role in a child’s education, but they cann’t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organize a son or daughter’s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are unsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea of home can be problematic, so too can the concept of work.Again, this will depend enormously on the context but , very often there is a lot of work put in. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions mean homework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercises completed as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing and strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacher at bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, evenWhen work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything theyhave seen in class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.62. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.63. Speaking of the significant impact of homework upon children’s success in class, some are justinferior to others because_______.A. their tutors are not always available to support themB. they are born without the ability to deal with conceptsC. their family circumstances limit their learning abilityD. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress64.“Keep the teacher at bay”(paragragh3) means the way homework is done____.A. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachersB. blocks teachers from knowing more about their studentsC. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachersD. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Homework is hardly functioning as is naturally expected.B. Parents need to stand away from their children’s homewo rk.C. Students prefer doing homework elsewhere instead of at home.D. The quality of homework is usually teachers’first concern.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A. Are you ready for homework yet?B. Is there a way out for homework?C. Home and Work: it’s hard to combine.D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than youZoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals form foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animals species and the education of the public. __67___Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephant in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animals rights activists. Elephant in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. ___68____. Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory(象牙)，leather and meat illegally. To protect the species form the wild due to injury or abandonment.___69___. The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact in the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.____70___. They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be able to catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.Keep up-to-date,however,doesn’t have to be restricted to friends and acquaintances(相识的人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their band or theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artists’ work and to interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or where they live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a football match, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sites offer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite each other to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 保持身体健康是硬道理。

上海市青浦区2018届高考一模英语试卷含答案

2018届上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷(考试时间120分钟，满分140分）I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short ConversationsDirections. In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.2. A. In a clinic. B. In a cinema.C. In an electronics store.D. In a bookstore.3. A. A salesperson. B. A pilot. C. A waitress. D. A firefighter.4. A. To work in July. B. To print a form.C. To go back to school.D. To take a vocation.5. A. He dropped his phone. B. He hates long-distance calls.C. His call got cut off.D. His mobile is too long.6. A. He is consulting. B. He is arguing with the woman.C. He is complaining.D. He is giving advice.7. A. People are waiting at the automatic ticket machine.B. The man will not stay in line for the tickets.C. The woman will exchange tickets at the machine.D. They are waiting in line buying tickets for a movie.8. A. She has confidence in her job. B. She has just got a job promotion.C. She is excited to see the man.D. She will make greater efforts.9. A. Find a paper in the copy machine.B. Fill out an application form.C. Show her library card.D. Sit at the table next to her.10. A. The posters are not as good as the stalls.B. The stall could have been more amazing.C. The charity event was a copy of the past.D. She was having hearing problems.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To show one’s love. B. To comfort someone.C. To identify an old friend.D. To congratulate someone.12. A. France. B. America. C. China. D. Britain.13. A. A comparison between the west and the east.B. People hug each other for many reasons.C. The French is a nation fond of hugging.D. A study on IQ and hugs.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.12. A. To save time for laws to take effect.B. To weaken the government’s check.C. To give himself more power.D. To change the country’s political system.13. A. A category. B. A measurement.B. An activity. D. An airport.14. A. The major industrial growth. B. The number of people at the airport.C. The side effect of an emergency.D. The unhealthy level of pollution.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.15. A. Aging process. B. A talk show.C. Job hunting.D. Work pressure.16. A. He will be in a talk show in the afternoon.B. He used to be an actor but now a manager.C. He noticed the woman was under stress long ago.D. He suggests the woman do something different.17. A. Hungry. B. Exhausted. C. Energetic. D. Relaxed.18. A. The woman feels stressed because she is aging.B. The woman feels sick, so she doesn,t want to have lunch.C. Payday makes the woman feel better despite the great pressure.D. The man was happy that he was not given the job he applied for II. Grammar and vocabulary II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students ____21____ (seat) and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text____22_____ (face) down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.Students’ were confused to see there was not a question ____23_____just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the students’ face expression and told them, “I want you to write about what you see there.”The students were even __24__ (confused) but started the test by then. At the end of the class,. the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot, ___25______ position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.The professor explained, "Don't worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here ___26______ focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life. ___27___ our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like healthissues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small compared with___28___ we have in our lives.”So there is the moral lesson: we ___29______ try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life _____30____ (give) us. Be happy and live the life positively.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.approachedB. generousC. financiallyD. effortE. datesF. victimG. closed H. substituting I .boosts J.visible K.seeminglyHave you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you’ve fallen ___31______to bad product placement (产植入）.Clever marketing folks want their products to be __32_ within a scene, but not the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement ___33______ from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser (布景人员）might think of something that _34— the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been —35— about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a(n)___36______supply of the company's products.Sometimes, a gift of the product isn’t an appropriate form of compensation, and then the deal, ____37___with money, works well. Someone from a manufacturer's marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a(n) _38_ attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of 39— casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much a do-it-yourself ___40___. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows ——even games and music.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Traditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense — those for the military, forexample, were originally____41_____to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in ____42_____ chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing____43_____ on their role in mirroring the image of an organiza tion and in uniting the workforce, particularly in “customer facing” industries. From uniforms and workwear has emerged “___44______ clothing”. “The people you employ are your ambassadors (大使），’’ says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance.” From being a simple means of ___45___ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.Truly effective marketing through____46_____ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colors give a sense of ____47_____ while lighter color shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism (守旧），while others a sense of___48______ to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear ____49____, everybody can’t look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of color, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always ____50_____. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 ____51_____for 85% of total sales 一£380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to___52______two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniform will work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is ___53______ if the look doesn't express the business's marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When it comes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will____54_____ their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to____55_____ years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.41. A. intended B. tended C. extended D. attended42. A. statue B. stability C. status D. statistics43. A. preference B. argument C. compliment D. emphasis44. A. cooperate B. political C. corporate D. academic45. A. exposing B. identifying C. qualifying D. requesting46. A. studio B. audio C. visual D. casual47. A. clarity B. authority C. availability D. accessibility48. A. exposure B. rejection C. reluctance D. openness49. A. stable B. uniform C. innovative D. similar50. A. smooth B. disagreeable C. objective D. complex51. A. exchange B. call C. stand D. account52. A. establish B. balance C. neglect D. desert53. A. pointless B. significant C. useful D. careless54. A. maintain B.shape C. draw D. value55. A. commit B. command C. dedicate D. investSection CDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)St Kilda is a tiny archipelago (群岛）of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among the most spectacular, but the greatest fascination is that, for over a thousand years, people lived there and possessed a sense of community. Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.Isolation also had a big effect upon St kildans attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the whole community worked together.In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism all attempted to throw the St Kildans5 way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance.In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20th century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots believe in. For instance, the islanders found it difficult to' base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other.The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds. Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and warm.The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation (撤离），of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a tragedy.56. According to Paragraph 3, the following factors lead to St kildans seeking help from outside EXCEPT______________.A. unbearable windB. insufficient food supplyC. contact with BritainD. worsening health57. After the St Kildans inhabited Scotland, they .A. soon learned how to buy goods and services from othersB. had trouble adapting to the value of dominant society.C. exhibited willingness to carry out their given jobs.D. had the opportunity to show their skills of killing seabirds.58. Which of the following is NOT about how people used to live on St Kilda?A. The major source of food was found locally.B. It was essential for people to help each other.C. Very few people had visited mainland Scotland.D. Money played an insignificant role in life.59. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. The role of money in modem communities.B. How a community adapted to a different form of life.C. The destruction of an old-fashioned community.D. How a small community fight against opposite conditions.(B)The following safety risks may result in serious injury or death to the user of the MINI Cooper S: •This product contains small parts that arc for adult assembly (组装）only. Keep small children away when assembling. Remove all protective materials before assembly. Be sure to remove all packaging materials and parts from underneath the car body.•Battery posts contain lead known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Never open the battery.•Body parts such as hands, legs, hair and clothing can get caught in moving parts. Never place a body part near a moving part or wear loose clothingwhile using the vehicle. Always wear shoes when using the vehicle.•Using the vehicle near streets, motor vehicles, drop-offs such as steps, water (swimming pools) or other bodies of water, hills, wet areas, in small lanes, at night or in the dark could result in an unexpected accident. Instead, use the vehicle on the highway. Always use the vehicle in a safe, secure environment.•Using the vehicle in unsafe conditions such as snow, rain, loose dirt, mud, or sand may result in unexpected action, for example tip over.•Using the vehicle in an unsafe manner. Examples include but are not limited to:•Pulling the vehicle with another vehicle or similar device •Allowing more than two riders •Pushing the user from the back •Traveling at an unsafe speed•Always use common sense and safe practices when using the vehicle.•Store the vehicle indoors or cover it to protect it from weather. Water will damage the motor, electric system, and battery.60. When assembling, you should______________________.A. open the battery on the spotB. ignore the packaging materialsC. make sure kids are not presentD. start from underneath the car61. According to the text, it is safer to______________________.A. use batteries containing leadB. drive in small lanes at midnightC. drive on the highway instead of on hillsD. wear loose clothes while driving61. Where can you probably find the text?A. In an official report.B. In a medical journal.C. In a physics textbook.D. In a product handbook.(C)In a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes，how have Japan’s tallest and seemingly most breakable old buildings 一500 or so wooden pagodas, tower-shaped buildings — remained standing for centuries? Japanese scholars have been confused for ages about their stability.For centuries，many attributed the resilience (抗震’性）of pagodas to the massive trunk-like central columns known as shinbashira, which bends and swings during a typhoon or earthquake, just like a tall tree. But the amazing thing is that the shinbashira actually does not carry any load at all but is suspended from the top of the pagoda —hanging loosely down。

2018黄浦高三英语一模参考答案

黄浦区2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷参考答案I. Listening Comprehension1-5 CDCBA 6-10 DCCAC11-13 CDC 14-16 BDA 17-20 DCCBII. Grammar and VocabularySection A21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. thatSection B31. G 32. J 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. E 38. I 39. H 40. FIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A41. B 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. DSection B56-59 CDBB 60-62 ADD 63-66 CBADSection C67-70 FDAEIV. Summary Writing71.The tourism industry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/physical activities and consists of/includes three main categories. The first is watching sporting events/games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related attractions/places and meeting well-known/famous sports people/personalities. And the third is active participation. (52words)V. Translation72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents).73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline.74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries./Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship.75. The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions.VI. Guided WritingOmitted.高三年级英语第1页共1页。

上海市奉贤区2018年高考一模英语试题含答案解析

2017年奉贤区高考英语一模卷I.ListeningComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At tire end of each conversation, a question will be asked about whatwas said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers onyour paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. About 5:30. B. About 6:30. C. About 7:30. D. About 8:30.2. A. A new professor. B. A department head. C. A general manager. D. An engineer.3. A. Find a place. B. Buy a map. C. Get an address. D. Show the way.4. A. Weather. B. Clothes. C. News. D. Radio.5. A. Saying something wrong. B. Missing the interview.C. Having an accident.D. Doing something silly.6. A. She wants her son to use a new key.B. She feels very sorry for her son.C. She disbelieves her son.D. She forgives her son.7. A. She will take the man’s suggestion.B. Her invitation will be refused by all ihe students.C. She will not send out the invitation.D. She plans to send out all the invitations.8. A. He didn't know which hospital Bill was in. B. He took Bill to the hospital.C. He forgot to call the woman.D. He slipped on the way to hospital.9. A. Quite difficult. B. Very interesting. C. Too simple. D. Too heavy.10. A. She hasn't heard from the professor in a week.B.The class has extra time to complete the assignment.C.The woman only just found out about the economics paper.D.It is impossible for the man to turn in the economics paper on time.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passagesand conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Serious and diligent. B. Honest and happy.C. Friendly and optimistic.D. Talented and confident.12. A. She was cheered up by the shirt man’s story.B.She was impressed by the shirt man’s friendliness.C.She regretted that she did not ask the shirt man's name.D.She felt she was much luckier than the shirt man.13. A. She hates midterms and job interviews.B.She has realized her dream with the help of her professors and classmates.C.She is thankful for the valuable lessons she has learned from others.D.She remembers moments when people worked to solve a problemtogether best.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They want to learn how to speak in others’ dialects.B.They never notice them.C.They are ashamed of them.D.They show pride in them.15. A. The number of people who speak in dialects is getting smaller and smaller.B.There won’t be any dialects any more in the near future,C.There are more dialects in some parts of Britain than there are in others.D. There were more dialects 100 years ago than there were 200 years ago.16. A. It has caused people more problems in understanding each other.B.It has reduced the attractiveness of British culture.C.It has played its part in helping English become a world language.D.It has created more opportunities for communication.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.]7. A. H e’s got addicted to technology. B. He is not very good at socializing.C. He is crazy about text-messaging.D. He does not talk long onthe phone.18. A. Talk big. B. Talk at Iength.C. Gossip a lot.D. Forget herself19. A. lie thought it was cool. B. lie needed the practice.C. He wanted to stay connected themD. lie had an urgent message tosend20.A. It is a challenge to seniors . B. It saves both time and money.C. It is childish and unprofessionalD. It is cool and convenient.II. Grammar amiVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks lo make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankPrepare to SucceedPeople are always thinking about success. It is usually in their brains as they go about theirdaily routines (21)_______(look) for something better. This thought isn't one (22)brings youcloser, however, because thinking, dreaming or wishing just doesn't get it done.One of the most important parts of personal or professional success is preparation. You may ask, “Why is preparation necessary?"The easiest answer to this question is to say that (23) _ you are not ready to moveforward, then you may just as well keep doing what you have always done.Success doesn’t come easy. There are no shortcuts. Success requires you to be prepared to sacrifice leisure time, or time spent watching television or going out with your friends, at every opportunity.Success means you are prepared to do (24) it takes to constantly move the yardsticksforward clay after day.Here is just one quote, from Calvin Coolidge, the 30th president of the United States, thatexpresses what preparation is (25) __ : "Our real problem is not our strength today.It is ratherthe vital necessity of action today to ensure our strength tomorrow.” This quote can (26). ________________________________________________________________________ (interpret) lo mean that you may have strength or confidence to start on your way right now to movetoward your final goal. However, it is also critical that committed action each day (27) _____________________________________________________________________________ (build) to help you keep going when obstacles arise or when you just don't feel like you have the interest or energy to stay (28)_ (locus).Preparation also means that you have u plan or a goal it shows you what steps or actions to take, when to lake them and what to do if issues, obstacles or(29)________life issues gel in the way.(30) ______ b ottom line is actually quite clear: You arc either willing, able andcommitted toachieve what you want, or you arc simply dreaming or wishing that success find you.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from (he box. luich word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. ____The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be __31____, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts'-may be made lo 1111 every 32 with conversation. Persons in other culturalgroups value silence and view it. as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of 33 among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be 34 is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these culture, silence is a call for 35_______.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with 36 among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show 37_______ between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an cider or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the 38 meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patien t’s silence is not 39 too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing 40 of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.I.ReadingComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.MultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products 41 at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding 42 sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to 43 .A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be 44 but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ 45 to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands 46 as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very 47_____ experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the ___48_____for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’ ____49___ attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the 50 of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. Bui while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店）can offer a full experience from the minute customers 51 through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a(n) 52_________. And scent is just one way to53______ this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder 54_______ through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, 55________their perfect scent.41. A. engaged B. delivered C. displayed D. located42. A. connected with B. compared with C. combined with D. came up with43. A. purchase B. wander C. appreciate D. identify44. A. instructive B.attractive C. expensive D. informative45. A. expression B.demand C. intention D. attention46. A. profession B. project C. relation D. successSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThey say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and Pm not even a cat. My father died when T was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. And my mother, who was seriously ill in her last years, died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year.This was when I began to enjoy my first life. T was very happy, in excellent health. I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. Life was a pleasant dream. Then the dream ended. I became afflicted（使苦恼）with a slowly progressive disease of the motornerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life....In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps. Crazy? Not at all. Our home was an affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a standard measure of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it ---repeating the process 14times, I would be through---1 could then admit defeat and lie down and die.Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; strong winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. Suddenly the steering wheel jerked（猝然一动） . In the same instant I heard thebang of a blowout. It was impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible!I started the engine and thumped slowly along until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in and where I found lighted windows welcomed me to a house and pulled into the driveway and blared the horn.The door opened and a little girl stood there. When she knew what happened to me, she went into the house and a moment later came out, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm.About an hour later, the man's voice was heard, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you're all set now. ” “Thanks，” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head, “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple. Glad to be of help. 1 know you'd do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar b川，“No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it. ”56.'"A cat has nine lives'1 here means ____ .A. a cat can live nine times longer than any other animalB. a cat can die ninthC. a lucky man cannot die easilyD.the writer will live nine times57.What do you think of the man who helped change the tire? .A.Warm-hearted but pitiableB.Warm-hearted and happyC. A blind old man that has nothing to do every dayD. A poor old man that is always ready to help others58.How will the story be ended? _______A.The writer paid the little girl but the old man did not accept.B.The writer drove away with tears running down his cheek.C.The writer stayed there, without knowing what to do and how to do.D.In the next few frozen seconds the writer felt the shame and astonishmenthe had never felt before.59.The best title for this passage perhaps will be ___ .A.The Old Man and His DaughterB. Heart Leaping UpC. Never Lose HeartD. Good Will Be Rewarded GoodBWhat we doI PEFP Courses provide courses in English languageand British culture. Our courses are aimed at studentsaged between 12 and 17 who are atpre-intermediate level or above in English. The courses are held in Guildford, a historic town near London.Typical structure of a one-week course> up to 25 hours of English run by native speakers, qualified in teaching English as a foreign language and specialist drama teachers 2 full-day sightseeing trips to London and Oxford (at weekends)FULL BOARD(全食宿）with local, English-speaking familiesWhen we run the coursesEFP courses can be organized only during British state school terms. For this academic year, courses can be booked between now and 23 May and between 30 May and 30 June. We welcome you to book from 3 September 2016 to 25 October 2016 and from 31 October to 20 December 2016. Why choose EFP courses>in addition to our standard English classes, wc also run drama and expression English classes, taught by specialist drama teachers>we expose our students to British culture for the entire length of the course>we tailor courses to each group's needs, creating a unique experience for our students. Note that any changes to our courses are made within reason and only if all participants from a group share the same language level. Please see further details on our website.Length of a courseEFP courses run for cither one or two weeks depending on the specific requirements for your group. How to applyPlease register your interest by sending an email to info@. By contacting us before you make any travel arrangements you ensure that we can put your group up on the dates that you require. For more details, please visit efpcourses.co uk.See you in Guildford soon!60.What does the leaflet tell us about EFP courses?A.Their target students are teenagers of all English levels.B.They are available on the school campuses in London and Oxford.C.Every individual participant is supplied with tailored language support.D.They involve students in British culture activities during the whole course.61.Suppose you arc to take EFP courses this academic year, you can .A.make a reservation from October 31 to December 20B.enjoy a special series of lessons for a whole school termC.experience English dramas with English-speaking familiesD.hand in an application by visiting their website62.The purpose of this writing is to _______ .A.attract qualified teachers to EFP coursesB.offer group students access to BFP coursesC.demonstrate the popularity of EFP courses ’D.illustrate the importance of EFP courses.CHere amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree(山楂树)standsin new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its “urban heat islands”, said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment.Heat islands-dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops---soak up heat. The retention(滞留）canbake a building, making it hard to cool down.The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that,,, t4said the city officials, will save the city dollars on those hot summer days.55The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.The stretching open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on amulti-tiered(多展的）bed ofspecial soil, polystyrene（聚苯乙烯）,egg-carton-shaped cones and “waterproof membrane(薄膜)’’ mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, min and plant life.The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of soil is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills.“The primary focus of what we want.to do is to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall to get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment ;and how the little things can make an impact on the quality of life,,9 Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help to clear the air.Rooftop gardens, in places where concrete jungles have erased plants and trees, are not new, not even in Chicago. Arms of greenery hanging over terraces or growing from rooftops, common in Europe, are becoming more so in the United States as people become increasingly conscious about the environment.Richard M. Daley, who urged the environmental department to look into the project after noticing rooftop gardens in Hamburg, Germany a few years ago, has praised the garden as the first of its kind on a public building in the country.It will hold thousands of plants in more than 150 species-wild onion and butterfly weed, sky-blue aster and buffalo grass----to provide data on what( species adapt best. Small plants requiring shallow soil depths were chiefly selected.63.The rooftop garden project___________A.is common and popular in the countryB.is a demonstration project and costs the city government 1.5 milliondollarsC.will make the ordinary cooling down of the city in summer unnecessaryD.aims at getting people involved and understanding their impact on the environment64.What can we learn about the City Hall?A.It was built ninety years ago and is the most outstanding feature in the center of the city.B.It is originally proper to build a garden on the top of the City Hall.C.The temperature on its top is a little bit lower than that on the street below.D.It is the first building in America to have a garden on it.65.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Every year, Chicago spends about $ 4,000 on cooling the city.B.The design of the garden on the C'ily Hall specially takes intoconsideration the weight the roof can stand.C.The Mayor urged the environmental department to look into rooftopgardens in Hamburg and build similar ones in America.D.Heat islands mainly refer to those dark-colored rooftops which receiveand retain heat and will not easily release the heat.66.The word “substantially ”（Line 2, Para. 5) most likely means .A. a little bitB. in factC. materiallyD. considerably Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. ___________________________________________________ A.DSPS sufferers have internal clocks that run at least two hours slower than normal.B.Businesses that don’t force their employees to live by the dawn-to-duskschedule would allow those with DSPS to make good use of their mostproductive hours.C.DSPS would be unfortunate but unavoidable if our society had to chooseone timetable for everyone to live by.D.Employers willing to let their employees work flexible hours will enjoyaccess to a greater number of quality employees, higher productivity andlower office space costs.E.DSPS sufferers are perhaps a small population that's benefiting greatlyfrom the growth of flexible work in our economy.F.People with DSPS sleep perfectly fine during the hours their bodies tell them to.No matter how early she went to bed, Maggie couldn't fall asleep until the early hours. Though constantly exhausted, Maggie got good grades in school, but she often got in trouble for napping during her morning classes.After graduating from college, Maggie realized her dream of becoming a teacher. However, waking up for her 8:30 a.m. classes turned her into a zombie (无生气的人) , and she lost her jobbecause she lacked enthusiasm.Maggie isn’t lazy. She suffers from delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS，睡眠相位后移症候群)---a disorder that affects one in 750 adults that causes them tobe somewhat nocturnal （夜间活动的）. DSPS is often confused with insomnia(失眠），perhaps because sufferers seem tired duringthe day. However, the two disorders are very different. Insomniacs have troublewith the process offalling asleep. ___ 67 ____ They just can’t fall asleep early even if they want to.Essentially, DSPS means a person's internal clock is set differently. ______ 68 Asa result,they're out of sync (同步）with the rest of society. People with DSPS struggle to keep their eyes open during morning meetings because their bodies are convinced it*sthe middle of the night. They seem less efficient and creative at the office, and make more workplace accidents. DSPS also damages their health, causing depression, anxiety, heart disease and many other illnesses due to sleep deprivation.______69 ______ . Fortunately, that’s not the case. Flexible work schedulesare already verycommon. Traditionally, managers tend to think more people in the office equals more output, but new research shows that people who work flexible hours are more productive and more likely to stay with their company because they are happier and healthier. Thanks to these findings, many European countries have passed laws giving every worker the right to apply for a flexible work arrangement. According to Cary Cooper, a psychologist at Lancaster University, most U.K. employees will be working half from home in five years.This is great news not just for DSPS sufferers but also for their companies. ________ 70 Consequently, they will be able to save a large sum of money.II.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity alter an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successfulin aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies withthe music and stamp along to the beat.Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music provokes（激发）the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies dueto complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stressand anxiety.Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing therelease endorphin(内啡肽）.Endorphins arc the body’s natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother’s womb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate. Al present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, day cares and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. S o next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.III.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 环保组织呼叮公众投票反对这个项目。

上海2018年高三一模11选10汇总

The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial (1) _________ helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face's ability to send emotional (2) _________, whether through a(n) (3) _________ blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial ecognition is used by churches to (4) _________ worshippers' attendance: in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) (5) _________ outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, (6) _________ tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple's new iPhone is expected to use it to (7) _________ the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs. such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are (8) _________ to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, (9)_________ and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast (10)_________ promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.The Black Swan, a rural pub in England has been named "the world's best restaurant" by TripAdvisor. After scoring up positive feedback, the review website (1) _________ the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its (2) _________ Travelers' Choice awardsSo what's it got going for it?Firstly, this is isn't some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance. Tommy Banks, a(n) (3) _________ young cook, is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in 2013 at the age of 24. Secondly, it’s not really a pub any more. Like many rural UK pubs, the Black Swan had been in (4) _________ for many years before 2006, when Banks' family took over. After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled, they decided to make it a dining (5) _________.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable (6) _________, offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly (7) _________ location. It's usually booked up well in advance with (8) _________ coming from near and far. During CNN's visit, neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids. Another (9) _________ two of the Banks brothers' old school teachers, on a trip up from York---(10) _________ the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor gloryExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988. the State Council released (1) _________ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent (2) _________ activities such as money laundering(洗钱). Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden. Denmark and Singapore are also (3) _________ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development does not mean there are no challenges and (4) _________.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can't purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply (5) _________ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation's two major third-party mobile payment tools, also (6) _________campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a "cashless society" which caused (7) _________ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong (8) _________that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. "As the economy grows, the (9) _________ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.Also, it's important to remember that nearly half of China's population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy (10) _________ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. "And when it comes to China's senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our (1) _________, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid (2) _________ problems in the futureMaking ethical (伦理的) decisions is a(n) (3) _________ part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we’re taking, we can't make responsible choices. To (4) _________ risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as (5) _________. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a (6) _________.Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it. ""I’m not hurting anyone, or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very complex: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though l'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not (7) _________ because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and (8) _________ excuses. If we fool ourselves into (9) _________ we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we’re making---and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or (10) _________of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourselfScientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures (钉合或缝合).It's called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical (1) _________. The glue is made from a modified (改良的) human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel- like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural (2) _________ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it's applied to. Wounds (3) __________ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that (4) _________ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The (5) _________applications are powerful--- from treating serious (6) _________ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural (7) _________ to heal a wound. What's more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are (8) _________ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly (9) _________. If the MeTro can be further developed into a (10) _________product, it could become an essential part of a first responder's toolkit.The din (喧嚣) of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone---but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing (1) _________ with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem---the slower (2) _________ speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible (可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians. And a new study of auditory training with a (3) _________ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills. The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science's "Brain Fitness" were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their (4) _________ after the same amount of time. The authors received no funding from the makers of the program: the study was (5) _________ by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63. The auditory training came in the form of (6) _________ hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and (7) _________ between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories.Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings. All of the participants showed improvement in these three (8) _________, but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was (9) _________ by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to (10) _________to the sound---bringing it to more “youthful” levels.7. 长宁/嘉定高三一模卷（2018）What is leadership? Its qualities are difficult to define, but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that (1) _________ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders don’t work alone. They recognize that an organization’s strategies for success require the (2) _________ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst (催化剂) for transforming those talents into (3) _________.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an) (4) _________ to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not (5) _________ with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as (6) _________ of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are (7) _________ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people (8) _________ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re (9) _________ to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is (10) _________. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night. In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a (1) _________ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and (2) _________ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers ” acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical (3) _________. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive”.This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be (4) _________ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum (5) _________ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has (6) _________ 495 signposts and 1400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) (7) _________ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It (8) _________ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its (9) _________ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular (10) _________ among foreign leaders. For example, US President Donald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.How to Stick to Good Habits by Using the "2-Minute Rule"Most of the tasks that you procrastinate on (that is to say, you postpone doing what you should be doing.) aren't actually difficult to do --- you have the talent and skills to (1) _________ them---you just avoid starting them for one reason or another. The 2-Minute Rule (2) _________ procrastination and laziness by making it so easy to start taking action that you can't say no. It might sound like this strategy is too basic for your (3) _________ life goals, but I beg to differ. It works for any goal because of one simple reason: the (4) _________ of real life.As Sir Isaac Newton taught us a long time ago, objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion. This is just as true for humans as it is for falling apples. Once you start doing something, it's easier to (5) _________doing it. I love the 2-Minute Rule because it takes up the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started.The most important part of any new habit is getting started- not just the first time, but each time. It's not about performance, it's about (6) _________ taking action. In many ways, getting started is more important than succeeding. This is (7) _________ true in the beginning because there will be plenty of time to improve your performance later on. The 2-Minute Rule isn't about the results you achieve, but rather about the (8) _________ of actually doing the work. I can't guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you. But, I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it.The problem with most articles you read, podcasts you listen to, or videos you watch is that you (9) _________ the information but never put it into practice. I want this article to be different. I want you to actually use this information, right now. What’s something you can do that will take you less than two minutes? Do it right now. Anyone can (10) _________ the next 120 seconds. Use this time to get one thing done. Go.Company Builds World' s First Automobile Vending Machine(自动贩卖机) Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world's first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville. Tennessee. It's quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their (1) _________ car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. "Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi- story structure that delivers our customers' cars by merely (2) _________ a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) (3) _________ point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling (4) _________ pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get (5) _________ tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the (6) _________ of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win (7) _________ that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead(间接费用), and save customers about $2.000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great (8) _________experience --- placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.Carvana's (9) _________ is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, (10) _________ just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look (1) _________ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a (2) _________ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals (3) _________ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to behave like young cells.The discovery has the (4) _________ to lead to therapies which could help people age better, without experiencing some of the backward effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of constant illness, and as people get older they are more likely to suffer from heart disease and cancerProfessor Harries said: "This is a first step in trying to make people live (5) _________ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to (6) _________ function to old cells.”Dr. Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the (7) _________ and rapidity of the changes in the cells."When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish (8) _________ I couldn't believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic." she said. "I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells refreshed. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.As we age, our tissues gather aging cells which are alive but do not grow or (9) _________ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become exposed to disease as we age. When stimulated, genes make a message that gives the (10) _________ for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.There's nothing more annoy ing than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is "I need to get rid of this insect immediately", but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) (1) _________creature.A team of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in (2) _________ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world's most (3) _________insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects (4) _________in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, (5) _________wing-beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can (6) _________ the view of their wings, " Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a(n) (7) _________, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the royal Veterinary College, the study's leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects."We predicted they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings (8) _________ their direction at the end of each half-stroke, "he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito's special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvements to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be (9) _________ to new developments in more human-focused use. “The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their fight behavior, how they carry disease and (10) _________how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.How many times have parents had to argue with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It’s completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safety, but is their (1) _________ to social media really harming them?Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it far more accessible than it (2) _________ was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to (3) _________ with their families, which they sometimes view as “annoying”. So, what do these kids use as a solution or a(n) "(4) _________” ? The answer is simple: social media.However, when we use social media for a large amount of time, parents tend to show concern for their child and blame social media for (5) _________ their attention.The word, "social" was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they are using it to get away from real world (6) _________. The truth, however, is that they are using it to connect with their close friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modern world.Children and teens are (7) ________accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure everyone who uses social media enjoys< contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but how come children receive all of the (8) _________for abusing it? Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another (9) _________.Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the (10) _________ from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Puppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of Humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University's Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the (1) _________is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most (2) _________ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites (3) _________ and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr. Juliane Kaminski: "We can now be (4) _________ that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food (5) _________ did not have the same effect.”The findings appear to support evidence that dogs are (6) _________ to humans attention and that expressions are (7) _________active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays. "The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a meter away from a person, and the dogs' faces were (8) _________ throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted, with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they (9) _________ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs' expressions have evolved as they were (10) _________. “Domestic dogs have a unique history --- they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs' ability to communicate with us,” she said.。

2018届上海市徐汇区高考英语一模(含答案)

2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟）2017.12考生注意：1.考试时刻 120 分钟，试卷总分值 140 分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部份。

所有答題必需涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一概不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将查对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question youhave heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B.The film is not worth seeing at all.C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D.The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C.The family members always eat a lot.第 1 页 / 共 17 页微信公众号：上海试卷D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B.She worked as a doctor in her early life.C.She spent her whole life in London.D.She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B.Because she was sent to a settlement house.C.Because of her health problem.D.Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B.She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C.She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D.She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B.They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C.They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D.They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B.He is a huge fan of international stories.C.He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D.He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B.By interviewing people who have stories.C.By analyzing the current social problems.第 2 页 / 共 17 页D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh Paintingconservators(治理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Vincent van Gogh’s OliveTrees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields.What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art:The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第3页/共17页A. concernsB. illegalC. circulationD. recommendedE. launchedF. conductingG. witnessing H. innovation I. emphasized J. regulations K. criticismsExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could“reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay a nd WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to sa ve and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, We ndy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept asmall sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food__(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining u p for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover? After90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,“Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58.What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A.The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B.The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C.The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D.The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59.By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that __________.A.he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB.he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC.he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD.he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)The truth of our modern times is that you probably won’t find a student who does not us e mobile applications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needs most, but there are still some mobile “helpers” no student should live without.Raise —Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raise mobile app.Before you buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see if there are any discounted gift cards you can buy to make your dollar go farther. Once you purchase a card, you can instantly use it online or in stores by showing the barcode on your phone —no need to worry about forgetting your gift cards at home.iStudiez Pro —For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a full schedule, iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help you organize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best app for students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightful user experience.—College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! They always need to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood with the world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControl application has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract you from studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture is finished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!—It’s an easy-to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates on how much you’ve been spending. It also lets you know what you’ve been spending your money on by organizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after using the app for a while).LifeSite Vault —Parents struggle to make sure their college students have access to key personal documents and accounts, like Social Security numbers and bank account information.That’s where LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents “safe but accessible.” For example, wi th LifeSite Vault, users can upload everything from their SocialSecurity cards to passports and birth certificates or upload a picture of a medical insurance card.60.The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61.If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he willprobably need _________.A. iStudiez ProB.C.D. LifeSite Vault62.What is the main purpose of this passage?A.To help college students increase learning efficiency.B.To recommend some helpful applications to students.C.To compare different types of online learning tools.D.To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the (plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Althoug h modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s origina l groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63.The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.A.demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB.introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC.criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD.illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B.Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C.Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D.Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65.Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A.They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B.They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C.They are limited to single-cell organisms.D.They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Father of Modern TaxonomyB.Classifying OrganismsC.Development in Life FormsD.Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many say collecting toys creates a sense of accomplishment.B.This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.C.But scientists are probably just worrying too much.D.But this “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world anymor e.E.At one point in our life, we all had and loved our own toys.F.Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.” (67)________________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, thr ee times the pace of the children’s toy market itself.These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.” So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers.We’d like to help if we could, but w e hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干与)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, an d that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚的音乐会门票已全数售罄。

2018届静安区英语高考一模试卷和答案

考生注意: 静安区2017 学年第一学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷2018.011.考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。

2.所有答题必须涂（选择题）或者写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在答题纸上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a questions will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1.A. Air conditioner B. Stove C. Suitcase D. Mobile phone2.A. A nurse B. A manager C.A flight attendant D. A secretary3.A. On the day of Black Friday, he has nothing to do.B.He will buy nothing during the coming shopping day.C.His salary will be increased before Black Friday.D.He prefers to save money rather than spend.4. A. 6 B. 8 C. 12 D. 165.A. People should carefully study information they get from various experts.B.There’s no need to turn to experts for health suggestions.C.Ordinary people should be invited on TV to talk about healthy life.D.Experts help a lot in promoting healthy life style.6.A. The professor failed everyone at the term end.B.The professor criticized him for failing the exam.C.The professor thought highly of himD.The man failed the science course for the term7.A. Jenny has graduation ceremony.B.They go for a movie.C.They have family dinner.D.Nothing happens8.A. Medicine B. Math C. History D. Chinese9.A. It’s wonderful in all aspects.B.It’s good on the whole with one shortcoming.C.It’s totally disappointingD.It’s of average quality10.A. Buying the expensive cake is foolishB.The cake is worth the price.C.The taste of the cake is misleading.D.Eating the cake hurts people’s intelligence.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passage and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Children looking for future husband and wife for their parents.B.Children trying to earn wedding fund for their parents.C.Children making plans for their parents’ wedding dayD.Children taking part in their parent’s wedding ceremony.12.A. Wedding dress B. Wedding styleC. Food for weddingD. Honeymoon destination13.A. The difficulties modern marriage meets.B.The good relationship between British children and parents.C.The unconventional weddings in modern Britain.D.The new marriage concepts combined with traditions.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. For how long the event will last.B.The site address to purchase the event ticket.C.The past achievements the lecture had madeD.The location where the lecture is to happen15.A. Stand out and hold a poster for the event.B.Cover other event ads with your event ad.C.Rent school channel to introduce the event.e modern communication media to spread the event16.A. Tips on advertising campus events.B.Food work wonders to attract campus event attendees.C.The rise of modern social media on campusD.Challenges to prepare for a high-quality campus eventQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation17. A. Academic and professional prospectsB.life conditions on campusC.Tuition and geographic advantages.D.Ranks among all the universities18. A. Strong program background.B.Low living expenses.C.Circle of contacts on campusD.Agreeable weather19. A. Because they can hire talents from UCLA.B.Because foreign talents can be employedC.Because their companies are near beachesD.Because their bosses are from UCLA20. A. Moving to live with his parents.B.Pursuing graduate study at UCLA.C.Accepting the offer from Chicago UniversityD.Keeping comparing the two UniversitiesII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today, Mandatory(强制的) recycling is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs largely along free market lines and the current landfilling waste remains inexpensive and efficient.Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most place. This fact, (21) (couple) with the disappearance of the so-called” landfill crisis” of the mid-1990s, means that recycling has not caught on , which runs (22) some environmentalists’ wishes.However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by automating sorting and processing. They’re also found profitable markets for the recyclables(可回收物) (23) cast-off items are acceptable or even welcome. Increased efforts by green groups(24) (educate) the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped.(25) uneconomical recycling seems to some people, some cities, such as Pittsburgh, San Diego and Seattle, have made recycling mandatory. In these cities, recyclables are banned from both household and business garbage. Families (26)recycle all basic recyclables, such as paper , cardboard , glass and plastic. To business with garbage containers ‘polluted’ with more than 10 recyclables, warning (27) (issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.New York, a national leader on recycling, decided to stop its least cost-effective recycling programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. But rising landfill costs ate up the $ 39 million saving expected.As a result, the city brought back plastic and glass recycling and committed to a 20-year contract with a recycling firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which built the (28) (advanced)recycling facility in the country.The company focuses on (29) could cut costs. Automation has streamlined the sorting process, and easy access to rail has cut both the environmental and transportation costs. The new deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents (30) (show ) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money ,landfill space and the environment.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.William Shakespeare came from a modest start, but finished life living in a(n) 31house in Stratford-upon-Avon, with a coat of arms and series of business investments to his name.So was William Shakespeare a businessman, as well as a writer?Researchers have uncovered information from historical documents that point to Shakespeare being a greedy businessman, anxious to grab every penny whose practices caused 32 in his lifetime.The academics believe that many of Shakespeare’s doubtful business dealings have been33 by people’s romantic view of him as a creative g enius who made his money through acting and writing plays. The idea that Shakespeare gave the world such wonderful narratives, language and entertainment makes it uncomfortable to even 34 that he was simply motivated by his own thirst for financial interest.Shakespeare was a grain businessman almost for his life time. He bought and stored grain and then sold it on to his neighbors at high prices.In the late 16the and early 17th Century a bad weather gripped England. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and 35 severe lack of food. Referred to as the “ Little Ice Age”, the period was the time when thousands of people 36 for survival. At that time, Shakespeare was under investigation for tax evasion( 逃避) and later charged with storing grain when food was 37 .One could argue that he did not do this without a conscience and that perhaps this is demonstrated in the way he portrayed one of his famous character Shylock in his play the Mechantof Venice. Many people claim Shylock personifies Shakespeare’s own self-hatred, who is eventually 38 for his greed as a money lender and all that he owns is seized from him. Perhaps with the 39 pursuing Shakespeare for his evil dealings during Little Ice Age, Shylock’s tragic fate was a real fear for Shakespeare.Shakespeare’s 40 funeral monument at Holy Trinity Church was a bag of gram which implied that he prided himself on his role as a grain businessman as well as on his writing.It was not until the 18th century that the bag of grain was replaced by a pillow.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The sights, sounds, and smells of the modern marketplace are rarely accidental. More likely they are tools of an evolving strategy of psychological marketing called “sensory marketing’to create an emotional association to a(n) 41 product or brand.By relating to people in a far more 42 way through everyone’s own senses, sensory marketing is able to affect people in a way that traditional mass marketing cannot.Traditional marketing believes that consumers will systematically consider 43 product factors like price, features, and utility. Sensory marketing, by contrast, seeks to resort to the consumer’s life experiences and feelings. Sensory marketing believes that people, the consumers, will act according to their emotional urge more than to their 44 reasoning. By this way, an effective sensory marketing effort can result in consumers choosing to buy a lovely but expensive product, rather than a plain but cheap 45 .In the past, communications with customers were mainly monologues-----companies just “talked at” consumers. Then they evolved into dialogues, with customers providing 46 . Now they’re becoming multidimensional conversations, with products finding their won voices and consumers responding 47 to them.Based on the implied messages received through five sense, consumers, without noticing the trend to apply human-like personalities to brands, leading to intimate relationship and, hopeful for the brands, persistent 48 . And that’s the very thing brands are dying to fos tering customers rather than instant trend or profits. And that’s the very thing brands are dying to foster customers rather than instant trend or profits. Most brands are considered to have either “sincere” or “exciting” personalities.“ Sincere” brands like IBM and Boeing tend to be regarded as conservative and relative while “exciting” brands like Apple, and Ferrari are imaginative and 49 . In general, the consumers tend to form 50 relationships with sincere brands than with exciting ones, this explains the relatively enduring history of the “Sincere Brands”.Certainly, with the eyes containing two-thirds of all the 51 cells in a person’s body, sight is considered the most important of all human senses. Sensory marketing uses sight to create a memorable “ sight experience” of the product for consumers which extends to packaging, store interiors, and printed advertising to form a (n) 52 image for the brand.In other words, no aspects of a product design is left to 53 anymore, especially color. Brand acceptance is linked closely with the appropriateness of the colors on the brand doesthe color 54 the product at all? If not, customers, though not realizing it themselves, will 55 the brands in all possible ways-sales, reputations, etc. Therefore, brands, isn’t it time now to study the new field of marketing?41. A. specific B. qualified C. average D. adequate42. A. economic B. personal C. artificial D. mechanic43. A. obvious B. potential C. accessible D. concrete44. A. imaginable B. objective C. psychological D. gradual45. A. alternative B. reward C. sample D. exhibit46. A. compliment B. fund C. prospect D. feedback47. A. temporarily B. subconsciously C. occasionally D. attentively48. A. loyalty B. philosophy C. endurance D. regulation49. A. mild B. daring C. steady D. classic50. A. far-fetched B. hard-won C. long-lasting D. easy-going51. A. individual B. sensory C. present D. general52. A. overall B. ambitious C. dramatic D. additional53. A. chance B. maintenance C. progress D. leadership54. A. accept B. overlook C. fit D. treat55. A. shape B. punish C. signify D. exploitSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Overcoming extreme cold, cruel ice and people dismissing him as mad, Slovenian Davo Kamicar became the first person to ski non-stop down Mount Everest.After a dramatic fall over almost sheer cliffs of snow, stones and ice, 38-year-old Kamicar emerged in his base camp after five hours of skiing. “I feel only absolute happiness and absolute tiredness,” he said.At one stage he had to speed over stretches of ice that collapsed and broke underneath him and could have sent him falling into the deep crevasses (裂缝) that dot the mountain.The descent ( 下落) had been by many as insanely dangerous. The Darwin Awards website, which documents deaths which are foolhardy, urged people to log on to Internet broadcasts of the attempt. “Keep your eyes peeled for a live Darwin Award, “it said.However, the only body to make the news was the corpse(尸体) of an known mountaineer which Kamicar zipped past as he descended, one of an estimated 120 corpses, thought to litter the slopes.“This mountain is always full of surprise. Seeing a dead man out there was a really shocking experience,” he said.Thanks to strategically placed cameras on the mountain and one attached to his safetyhelmet, hundreds of thousands of people witnessed his descent on the Internet, which was one of the record highs ever. During the run more than 650,000 hits were registered on his expedition website jamming it for a time as others tried to access the site.Weather conditions were so severe that Kamicar had to abandon plans to rest on the summit before attempting to descend. Instead, suffering from fatigue, as soon as he reached the top he put on his skis and flung himself back down the mountain.Dealing with the mountain had already cost Kamicar two fingers when a previous failed attempt saw him get frostbite as a fierce storm lashed the peak.Kamicar comes from a skiing family and took part in his first Himalayan skiing expedition in 1989. Since then, he has been tireless in raising funds and sponsorship for more expeditions, with Everest as the permanent goal.56.Davo Kamicar made history by .A.skiing down Mount Everest without rest.B.descending Mount Everest within the shortest time everC.attracting largest number of audience online for his descent.D.becoming the first to film his descent down Mount Everest57.The underlined word foolhardy in the passage is closest in meaning to .A.sudden and hard to acceptB.taking unnecessary risksC.attracting public attentionD.working hard to fool others58.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE/A.Kamicar saw about 120 dead bodies littering the slope.B.The broadcast of his descent online was cancelled because of the website jam.C.Kamicar’s family had a tra dition to conquer Mount Everest.D.This was not Kamicar’s first attempt on Mount Everest.59.The best title for the passage is .A.Mad man skis down EverestB.Darwin Award for Davo KamicarC.Extreme sports hero slides to a recordD.Body of mountaineer found on Everest( B )Here are the top summer vacation lodges in the nation!Out of Lake Wobegon; Fair Hills ResortWith sandcastle contests, Swedish buffet night, and family bingo, this classic northern Minnesota lodge is right out of Garrison Keillor’s Lake Wobegon. Families can choose from a collection of activities suitable for both adults and kids volleyball, tennis, sailing, swimming-laze by the lake,or rehearse for their star turn at the weekly talent show. The family –run resort is proud of its myriad “lifers”, guests who’ve been vacationing here since they were kids. This year, ten of themwill celebrate their 50th yearly visit.Northern California, Unplugged; Gray Eagle LodgeOnce they find Gray Eagle Lodge off a two-lane road, most guests have no use for their cars. Days here are spent on foot, hiking to alpine lakes in the Sierras or going for a dip in the swimming hole fed by a 15-foot waterfall. “ There are no officially planned activities,” explains Tracy Morris, who has taken her children here for year,” unless you count the get-togethers specifically arranged for kids who have never met before but have become fast friends and enjoy fun together.” Authentic Adirondacks; The HedgesFor recent years improvements have been made—including upgrading the plumbing to accommodate more guest, answering to the main complaints in the past about its poor capacity. The current owners have restored the camp to its original Adirondack-style glory. Though tasteless to the younger age groups, the style earned the lodge a spot on the National Register of Historic PlacesGreat Lake Lodge; The Inn at WatervaleBuilt as a boarding school in 1892, this lodge became a summer retreat in 1971. Today, the owner of the lodge proudly promotes the resort’s lack of TV, Wi-Fi, and decent cell phone coverage, which makes it perfect for recluses(隐士). Instead of sticking with their smartphones, parents and children both find their relationship greatly improved through hiking the 300-foot-high Old Baldy dune, combing the beach for fossils, and savoring the sunsets over the lake together.60.Which lodge is not very attractive for kids?A. Fair Hills ResortB. Gray Eagle LodgeC. The HedgesD. The Inn at Watervale61.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Fair Hills Resort specializes in serving young vacationers with varieties of activities.B.The Hedge used to be criticized for failing to serve large number of customers.ke of modern communication tools at The Inn at Watervale was due to poor facility conditionsD.Cars are banned from Gray Eagle Lodge62.The passage will most probably appear .A.on a wedding magazine about finding a permanent residence.B.in a UN’s report about family relationshipC.on a financial magazine analyzing the prospects of tourist industryD.on a website selling package tours(C)It’s not an urban legend: crime rates do in fact in the summer in the U.S. A study found that, with the exception of robbery and auto theft, rates of all violent and property crimes are higher during the summer than during other months. The study examined data collected during 8 years, which included violent and property crimes that did not result in death, both reported and notreported to the police.The data show that, though the national crime rate dropped by 70 percent during recent years, seasonal spikes in summer remain. In some cases those spikes are 12 percent higher than rates during seasons in which the lows occur. The phenomenon confuses many criminologists, and they wonder why.Some reason that increased temperatures, which drive many out of doors and leave windows open in their homes, raise the amount of time when homes are left empty. Others point to the effect of students on summer vacation who are otherwise occupied with schooling during other season, while some argue that suffering heat-induced discomfort simply makes people more aggressive and likely to act out.Although these elements possess certain persuasive power, their rationality is called into question when cases in winter are put on the map. Why aren’t the rates i n winter falling if heat related factors are to blame for the summer spike? Contrarily, the matter should be viewed from social and economic angles rather than on solar terms.Numerous studies have shown that rates of criminal behavior among young adults drop when their communities provide them with other ways to spend their time and earn money. This was found to be true in Los Angeles, where gang activity was reduced when community centers for teens were thriving and active. And generally speaking, the connection between economic inequality and crime is robustly documented for the U.S. And why summer sees a worse situation? It’s probably because it’s even harder for youngster to land jobs that provide for life necessities.So if officials want to address the summer spike in crime, they may act differently instead of aiming straight at crimes. Simply upgrading security and severely punishing offences almost produce void effects. Instead, be open to various options and they will find that development of job hunting agencies or community professional training centers are accompanying the drop of crime rate without seasonal exceptions .After all, bread always comes first for everyone.63.What puzzles scholars studying crimes?A.The rates of robbery and auto theft are lower than other violent and property crimes in summer.B.The rates of crimes resulting in death are about the same in all seasons.C.The crime rates not reported to the police are much higher during summer.D.Crime rates in summer are higher than those of other seasons.64.According to the author, what is the key reason for the seasonal spike of crime rates?A.Increased temperature left houses easier for attacks.B.The hot environment makes people more likely to be angered.C.Youngsters find it hard to release energies at school.D.People’s economic needs are not satisfied by the society.65.What can be done to fight seasonal rise of crimes?A.Lengthen the school time to hold students in school during summer.B.Enhance the safety mechanism during the summer.C.Take measure to encourage youth employment.D.Frighten would-be criminals through harsh punishments.66.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Solar terms are responsible for the summer crime spike.B.Crime rates in summer fall by 58 percent in the U.S criminal activities fall because of positive community programs.D.The crimes rates in winter are low due to low mobility in the season.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The influence is witnessed for the opposite gender as well.B.Awareness for health is given due attention among different age groups.C.Africa has greatly increased ways of broadcasting.D.But solid academic research was lacking for quite a long time.E.Yet trying to influence the locals can be debatable.F.But other organizations have increasingly followed suit.In the radio drams “ Nau em Taim ” aired in Papua New Guinea, a windowed father takes up dynamite( 炸药) fishing ---profitable but disastrous for the reef. Then he meets a dashing marine scientist who warns him off. The idea is that by the end of the drama, both he ---and the listeners---will give up dynamite for sustainable fishing.The show’s producer, the Population Media Center(PMC) in Vermont, has been a pioneer of programmes with the goal of fostering development. 67 In Vietnam Khat Vong Song uses radio drama to teach its listeners about domestic violence. In Kenya Mediae promote civil rights with a television soap called “ Makutano Junction”.Evidence that radio and television soaps can change behavior was first spotted in the 1970s.68 About twenty years later, economists at the Inter-American Development Bank, found that Brazilians receiving Globo, a television network promoting modern family concept, had fewer children. Another follow—up study discovered that, as cable television spread, the birth rate in certain rural area dropped.Some argue that the influence was because couch potatoes were less likely to make babies. But research in Ethiopia showed that dramas can have a direct effect. Inquiries about ways to reduce birth rates rose by 157% among married women who listened to the soap operas “Yeken Kignet” and “Dhimbibba”. 69 Male listeners sought tests for HIV/AIDS four times as much as male non-listeners.“ The results are the best when people identify with characters,” says Betty Oala of the PMC. This is why the organization does extensive research, takes on local writers and uses native languages.Not only are soaps effective, but they are also cheap. Radio programmes can coast as littleas three cents to reach a listener in Africa. 70 . Although producers do not hide their purposes many scholar think that there could be a fight over morals and the armful results of soap dramas. A drop in birth rates may seem like good news to a woman activist, but had to a religious worker.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 language including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit( 赤字) , many commented that the deal sang song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to Trip Advisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually grow uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a com pelling, touchable interaction.第II 卷（共40 分）V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.遵循自然规律，你最终会得到回报。

上海市2018届高三英语一模考试汇编解答题新人教版精品

2018届（2018学年）上海市高三英语一模——简答（长宁）“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Although this might be excellent advice in matters concerning family and friends, borrowing and lending are frequently the foundation of a booming economy.A loan is a sum of money borrowed for a limited period. A loan may be obtained from an individual or from an institution such as a bank and is generally granted at a specific rate of interest. Interest is the fee that the borrower pays to use the money. An extremely high rate of interest --- and certainly any amount more than law permits --- is called usury. Lending money can be a risky business, for there is always the possibility that the borrower may not be able to pay the loan. For this reason, a lender generally requires the borrower to register something valuable of his or hers, known as collateral (抵押), as a part of the loan agreement. A house or an automobile, investments in the stock market, even the value of a business, are all examples of collateral that a lender may be willing to accept in the event that the borrower fails to pay the loan.There are two major sorts of loans: consumer loans and commercial loans. A consumer loan is one that is made to an individual, and it may be to buy a house or an automobile or to finance an education. A commercial loan may be used to start a new business, pay for new equipment and staff, or expand an office or factory. The business of making loans also contributes to a healthy economy by enhancing the employment market. Loans allow consumers to buy and improve homes, creating jobs for carpenters, architects and etc. Loans enable businesses to expand, and when these businesses open a branch office or a new store, they also increase their consumption of office supplies, furnishings, and computers.In a booming economy, money circulates quickly, and each deal represents earnings for someone. It may be reasonable to say that a certain level of debt is normal, even necessary, to a healthy economy as long as the individual borrower or business is careful and try not to take on more than a manageable amount of debt.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.”is excellent advice for keeping good familyand friends while it is __________.82.What is the purpose of collateral in a loan agreement?83.Different from commercial loans, consumer loans may be used to __________.84.How can the individual borrower or business profit from a booming economy?81. not for building / developing a booming / fast-growing economy82. To prevent the borrower from not paying the loan. / …83. fulfill / achieve the purpose of personal development / …84. By being careful and avoiding being in too much debt / …（闸北）A son in many developing countries means insurance, who will inherit his father's property and help support the family. However, to parents, a daughter is just another expense. Her place is in the home, not in the world of men. A girl can't help but feel inferior when everything around her tells her that she is worth less than a boy. Her future is, to some extent, shaped as soon as her family limits her opportunities and treat her as second-rater, which explain why women in developing countries perform much worse than men both in study and career.Deep discrimination (歧视)against women creates a firm force that keeps girls from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them victims to severe physical and emotional harm. These “servants of the household" come to accept that li fe will never be any different. What's most harmful, it results not only in millions of individual tragedies, but also in the lost potential for the entire country. Studies show there is a direct link between a country's attitude toward women and its social and economic progress. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole.To deal with the situation, many women turn to education. Educated women are essential to ending sex discrimination, starting by reducing the poverty The most basic skills in literacy and Maths open up opportunities for better-paying jobs for women. Uneducated women in rural areas of Zambia, for instance, are twice as likely to live in poverty as those who have had eight or more years of education.Women who have had some schooling are more likely to get married later, survive childbirth, have fewer and healthier children, and make sure their own children complete school. Understanding the importance of hygiene (卫生）and nutrition, they are more likely to stay in physical wellness.Nevertheless, the comprehensive change for a society speaks for the more far-reaching meaning of women education. As women get the opportunity to go to school and obtain higher-level jobs, they gain status in their communities, which translates into the power to influence their families and societies. Such power may, together with other forces of outside interference, make even bigger changes possible and gradually lighten up women's fates in these countries.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What two facts make a woman achieve less than men in developing countries?82. The most severe result of discrimination against women is ________________________.83. Why are educated women in developing countries more likely to remain healthy?84. High social position at home helps women to have the ability to ________________________.81. Her family limiting her opportunities and treating her as second-rater.82. the lost potential for the entire country83. Because they understand the importance of hygiene and nutrition.84. influence their families and societies（杨浦）Pizza Hut lovers, you can now smell just like your favorite food. Pizza Hut launches its own perfume that smells like a fresh pizza pie. This is not a joke —although it started as one! While it might seem like an unusual venture for the brand famous for pizza, the company’s perfume is already available as a limited edition product. fuck myselfAccording to the Globe and Mail, the project started out as a joke by Grip Limited, an advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut in Canada, who asked the chain’s Facebook fans to imagine the pleasant smell of a fresh-delivered pie as a perfume — and to name it. Fans responded to the idea so enthusiastically that Grip Limited decided to take the joke a step further and make the perfume a reality.A month and a half later, to celebrate that Pizza Hut Canada had gotten 100,000 fans, the chain’s community managers an nounced that the first 100 people to message them would actually get a bottle of Pizza Hut perfume. And sure enough, the bottles were shipped to those 100 lucky fans before Christmas.Grip Limited isn’t the only company to attract attention with odd aroma s (芳香). Four years ago, Burger King offered a $4 meat-scented body spray for men. Before that in 2018, Stilton created a perfume meant to mimic (模拟) the scent of blue cheese.Pizza Hut Canada has not announced any plans to make more of the perfume in the future. But the chain also said in the release that it’s possible the perfume could appear in stores in the future.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Some people consider the perfume a joke because they think Pizza Hut is a_______________.82. _______________________________ pushed Grip Limited to turn the joke into reality.83. Who are the lucky birds to get the perfume?84. Why did Pizza Hut follow Burger King’s steps to release a perfume?81. famous brand for pizza82. The fans’ enthusiastic response to the project / idea / activity83. The first 100 people to message the Pizza Hut Canada84. To attract public attention（徐汇）If you need another reason to give thanks at the dinner table on Thanksgiving Day, how’s this: people who maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be happier and healthier than those who don’t, according to an instructive article this week in the Wall Street Journal.The WSJ’s Melinda Beck reports that adults who feel grateful have “more energy, more optimism, more social connections and more happiness than those who do not, according to studies conducted over the past decade. Now a new study conducted by researchers at Hofstra University — the results of which are set to be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies — finds similar benefits of gratitude for adolescents as well.Dr. Jeffrey J. Froh, assistant professor of psychology and lead researcher of the new study, surveyed 1,185 students aged from 14 to 19 and found that grateful students reported higher grades, more life satisfaction, better social integration and less envy and depression than their peers who were less thankful and more materialistic. Additionally, feelings of gratitude had a more powerful impact on the students’ lives overall than materialism.What the majority of the research suggests is that gratitude should be chronic （长期的）in order to make a lasting difference in well-being. Dr. Robert Emmons, professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and a pioneer in gratitude research, told the WSJ that in order to reap（收获）all of its benefits, feeling gratitude must be rooted into your personality, and you must frequently acknowledge and be thankful for the role other people play in your happiness: “The key is not to leave it on the Thanksgiving table,” he said.For older children and adults, one simple way to cultivate gratitude is to literally count your blessings. Keep a journal and regularly record whatever you are grateful for that day. Be specific. Listing “my friends, my school, my dog” day after day means that “gratitude tiredness” has set in, Dr. Froh says. Writing “my dog licked my face when I was sad” keeps it fresher. The real benefit comes in chan ging how you experience the world. Look for things to be grateful for, and you’ll start seeing them.Studies show that using negative, insulting words —even as you talk to yourself —can darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the article i n the Wall Street Journal, people who don’t maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be ______________.82. What are the major findings of the new study at Hofstra University about?83. According to the passage, how can people probably avoid “grat itude tiredness”?84. In order not to darken our moods, we’d better stop ________________.81. less happy and healthy82. Benefits of gratitude for adolescents. / Adolescents benefit from feeling gratitude.83. By regularly recording specific things they are grateful for.84. using negative, insulting words（松江）My wife and I recently completed a trip to China with China Highlights. It was a very memorable vacation. From start to finish, China Highlights was very helpful and supportive. The start of our trip began with an Internet search for a tour agency that would meet our needs and expectations. After reviewing and submitting questions to websites of many companies, we selected China Highlights. Our decision was based on the speed and content of their responses, along with the significant amount of support information provided both on their websites and in their emailed attachments. In addition, the proposed journey and price for a private tour including plane fares between cities and first class seats on a high speed train were strong incentives (激励) to select China Highlights. Their assistance and flexibility in finalizing the itinerary, with favorable payment terms, further convinced us that we made a good choice. We relied on his recommendations for several pre-departure and planning issues Up to the time of departure, Michael was always available to quickly response to our ongoing questions and ensured that we left fully prepared.From the time that we first arrived in Beijing and at every destination of the trip, the guide and the driver were at the airport / train station with signs for us. Conversely, as we left each city, they took care in getting us to the proper check-in area on time, with enough instructions for us to easily continue boarding THE transportation despite obvious communication issues since we did not speak Chinese. In hindsight, our concerns about travelling between locations were unnecessary. Similarly, travelling throughout the cities, as we visited each attraction, was very comfortable. The guides kept us informed of historical and local information. One suggestion would be to pre-identify any sites to visit and have them included in the final journey rather than try to change during the visit.The sights that we visited were most impressive. Obviously, the Great Wall, Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, and the Terra Cotta Soldiers were everything we expected. The guides were very knowledgeable, and helped us understand many aspects of these areas.After we returned home, China Highlights followed up to make sure that we were satisfied with our trip, and to get any feedback that we wanted to provide. They evenaddressed some minor issues that we cited. Overall, China Highlights went over and above our expectations.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What made the couple choose China Highlights during their visit to China?82. The overseas visitors were satisfied with China Highlights services except ___________________.83. During their visit, not only the sights but also ________________ made a great impression on them.84. How did China Highlights improve its quality of service after the visitors finished their journey?25.That China Highlights was very helpful and supportive.25.changing final journey during the visit.25.the knowledgeable and helpful guides and the driver25.It followed up to get any feedback / It addressed some minor issues that visitors cited（青浦）Oscar-winning director Ang Lee’s new epic “Life of Pi” r eveals the relationship between a teenage Indian boy and a Bengal tiger. But in reality, the predators（食肉动物）are under increasing threat from humans. Animal rights group PETA is hoping to use the popularity of the film to focus people’s attention on the re al life of Bengal tigers.With the rising demand for tiger parts from East Asia, illegal hunting remains a tremendous danger for the remaining cat population. Back in 1947, there were 40,000 tigers in India, but the number is experiencing a sharp decline to 1,718 despite campaigns to protect the animal.Rising man-animal conflict is also one of the leading causes of decline in tiger numbers. In one of numerous reported attacks on the endangered big cats, villagers near the Bangladesh-India border, armed with sticks and boat oars, set upon the animal suspected to have attacked a local fisherman and beat it to death earlier this month. So far this year, 58 tiger deaths have been reported in the country.“The first instinct when a tiger is spotted is to just kill it,” grieved Gurmeet Sapal, a wildlife filmmaker. “The feeling of fear and revenge is so strong that it shuts out any other emotion. What we don’t realize is that the tiger never attacks humans until it is forced to.”India has been struggling to stop the tiger's decline in the face of the loss of habitat as well that encourages the animals to leave the forest for food. “The tiger’s rapidly exhausted prey base causes the predator to go all out to get its food. Consequently, livestock and human beings become easy prey, which leads inevitably to conflict,” says a wildlife conservationist.Filmmaker Sapal says it is only normal for people to think of the tiger as a dangerous animal, but its image as a human killer bears some injustice. “Tigers never kill fo r sport nor store meat. They kill their prey only in case of hunger. ”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words)81. PETA hopes “Life of Pi” can __________________________________.82. Why did the villagers beat the tiger to death?83. As a result of the loss of habitat, __________________________________ are morelikely to be the big cat’s victims.84. When will tigers attack and kill people according to the article?81. focus people’s attention on the real li fe of Bengaltigers.82. Because it was suspected to have attacked a local fisherman83. livestock and human beings84. When (they are) hungry or attacked.（普陀）A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.The 968-page "final risk assessment," not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risks.But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of（谨慎的）food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.The report also acknowledges that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based assessmen t.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those issues.In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk. Instead, the expensive animals’replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born — will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.81. What conclusion has FDA drawn after the public waited for a long time?82. Foods from clones won’t be available soon partly because _________________.83. With the appearance of cloned farm animals, people care more about_________________ problems.84. How will foods from ordinary animals be labeled?81. FDA concluded foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are safe .82. the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk.83. human health, moral, religious and ethical84. They will be allowed to be labeled as not from clones.（浦东）We delight in the stories passed down to us by oldergenerations. Tales from the past reveal our loved ones’ truepersonalities that we didn’t know before and can unite familymembers. But they are still just small pieces from a lifetimeof experience, leaving a wealth of personal memories and stories that can go untold.A growing company, LifeBook, is helping people to ensure that the rich, personal histories of our loved ones can be captured in detail in elegant, well-crafted books that can be handed down through the generations. These individual autobiographies, professionally written and illustrated with photographs, hold a lifetime of memories and can form an everlasting family legacy.Linden, who commissioned(委托写) a book on her father from LifeBook, said, ‘It has been a wonderful thing, both for myself and my father. He was quite worried about it at first, but once it got going he established a very good relationship with Will, his interviewer, and I know they had lots of fun and laughs. He started looking forward to the meetings very much, someone showing interest in him outside the family.’Now, LifeBook is becoming increasingly popular as a gift, requested by sons and daughters who wish to preserve the memories of their older loved ones for future generations. The process of creating a LifeBook brings family members closer together as they learn more about the family’s past. And for the authors, LifeBook gives them a project to focus on. It also gives them the benefits of face-to-face companionship in the weekly interviews.For Linden, it was a highly positive experience, ‘I feel very happy because I have given my father this huge gift. It has made him happier and he’s got a newfound interest in life. He’s got more things to talk ab out and,I think, a sense of great pride.’‘Also it’s something he can hand down to futuregenerations. We’re all thrilled with the book, delighted—and I’m sure he’ll want to do volume two very soon.’(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. Tales from the past generations can not only ___________________.82. What does the company, LifeBook, do in those special books?83. Linden’s father started to look forward to the meetings with the interviewerbecause _________.84. Besides a project to focus on, what else can creating a LifeBook bring its author?81. reveal our loved ones’ true personalities but also unite family members82. It helps capture the rich, personal histories of our loved ones.83. someone was showing interest in him outside the family84. The benefits of face-to-face companionship.（闵行）At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in additionto money—the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.Unruly (不守规矩的) students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, excellent candidates for the teaching profession declined.Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s at titudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What are many teachers in the public schools of America complaining about?82. What is the consequence of the public school teachers’ leaving the profession?83. The changing status of women in the United States is one of the causes forwomen to ________________________.84. According to the last paragraph, the status of the teachers in the UnitedSates will _____________________ within years.81. low pay / being under-paid / not being well-paid82. causing some best students not to choose teaching profession / some best studentsdon’t choose teaching profession83. choose careers other than teaching / choose other careers instead of teaching84. not be changed / remain unchanged（静安）All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian (昼夜节奏的) rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud (提不起精神的状态) when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see. But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because ________________________________________.82. Children before puberty tend to __________________________________than adolescents.83. The author wants to tell the reader that_____________________________________.84. What did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?81. it has a cycle of 24 hours82. fall asleep earlier at night83. staying up late affects teenagers' ability to think and learn.84. The human eye had one light-sensing system.（金山）Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank which was helped to build by a UK organization because of the lack of clean drinking water. The tank has made a big difference; it gives water to over 800 People. But lately, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there will not be enough clean water to go round.There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400 km railway link, and about 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies? How will the workers be fed?The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment, Laos still falls well behind its neighbours. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are Available to those with satellite dishes.The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN's least-developed category by 2180.(Note: Answer the quesTlOns or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water?82. ____________________________ is the most serious limitation on Laos' economic growth.。

2018年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷和参考答案及听力原文

2018年上海宝⼭区⾼考英语⼀模试卷和参考答案及听⼒原⽂2018 年上海宝⼭区⾼考英语⼀模试卷II.Grammar and VocabularyWhy My Best Friend Is a BookWriting about beliefs is hard. It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there. It requires time and effort, and then hits you in the face and someone in the bac kground says ―Oh, why didn’t you think of that before?‖ Beliefs change, they mature and grow just (21)a child. The best beliefs are the ones that (22) ( cherish) throughout a lifetime. One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can be for fun and that learning is (23) (easy) when you’re having fun. Being able to relate to the characters, imagine the conflicts in your head,and feel the characters’ sadness, as well as their joy, is the most amazing thing about reading. A chance to live another life for a short time, to be another person, Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24) (escape). I would much rather pick up a good luck than watch a television show.Reading can teach us. Wh ether it’s a fantasy novel or a historical account, you learn when you read. It provides grammar and (25) (write) language skills. Reading teaches us about emotion. Reading gives you new words and expands your vocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself. In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters. (26)you read, I believe you will learn, mind and soul.Reading can bring people together. I cannot count the number of new friends and people that have entered my life because of books. My stepmother, grandmother, and I all rad the same books.(27) is better than being able to share the tense moments, near misses, and happy endings while (28) (drink) a steaming cup of coffee together with someone. Reading allows you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains. Plus people (29)read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion. Always with a book in my purse, I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side. Books (30) (help) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always make me smile. That’s the biggest reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A.extentB.substanceC.normalD. potentialE.refreshingF.instructionsG. function H.caused I.physical J.restore K. mentallyThe discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors canbe switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look 31 younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a 32 naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals 33 splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to beswitched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate,behaving like young cells.The discovery has the 34 to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, ―This is a first step in trying to make people live35 lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to 36 to old cells.‖Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the 37 and rapidity of the changes in the cells.―When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish 38 I couldn’t believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic,‖ she said. ―I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rej uvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.‖As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or39 as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the 40for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts. Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cameron Buckner, assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston, argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called ― executive control‖when it comes to making decisions,41 considering their goals and ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is 42 for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking, or thinking about thinking. But supported by a review of previously published research, Buckner 43 that a wide variety of animals -- -elephants, chimpanzees( ⿊猩猩), ravens( ⼤乌鸦) and lions, among others ---44 reasonable decision-making.― These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the 45 they are evaluating for their goal, they possess a subjective, internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options,‖ he wrote.The question has been 46 since the days of the ancient philosophers, as people considered what means to be human is. One way to address that, Buckner said, is to 47 exactly what sets humans apart from other animals. Language remains a key difference between animals and humans, and Buckner notes that serious 48 in the 1970s and 80s to teach animal’s human language—teaching chimpanzees to use sign language, 49 ----found that although they were able to express simple ideas, they did not engage in 50 thought and language structures. Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable 51 to study the issue, but today’s researcher conduct complicated controlled experiments. Buckner, working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A. Reber, mental biologist at the University of Vienna, last year 52 the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds, 53 their behavior by attaching their own observations to others. In his latest paper, Buckner offers several examples to support his 54 . His goal, Buckner said, was to organize experimental research, ―to see that we’re gathered enough evide nce to say that animals really are 55 in a unique way.‖t45. A. option B. scheme C. regulation D. random46. A. dismissed B. ignored C. debated D. answered47. A. evaluate B. determine C. overlook D. initiate48. A. results B. successes C. achievements D. attempts49. A. for example B. this is to say C. on the contrary D. as a result50. A. obvious B. feasible C. private D. complex51. A. mystery B. tradition C. evidence D. fiction52. A. substituted B. published C. reflected D. maintained53. A. adapting B. symbolizing C. investigating D. revenging54. A. agreement B. implement C. requirement D. argument55. A. passionate B. reasonable C. confused D. ridiculousSection A(A)We see them everywhere. ―There are some things that money can’t buy… for everything else, there’s MasterCard.‖ We hear them everywhere. ―Make life rewarding… American Express.‖ Whether watching television, driving down the highw ay, or even appearing on our Facebook page, the appeal of money is inescapable.Growing up, my parents always emphasized the importance of family and faith over material possessions. Yet, money and all the new, interesting things it could buy did not escape me. As I entered my freshman year, my debit card and I engaged in quite the dates. Between game-day dresses, steak dinners and wonderful downtown Athens, I quickly drained 17 years worth of savings.41. A. secretly B. unintentionally C. scarcely D. consciously 42. A. required B. qualified C. acquired D. prepared 43. A. concerns B. complains C. conclude D. convinces44. A. turn down B. engage in C. refer to D. argue abouBy the time summer rolled around, I didn’t consider how much cash I had spent, or how much stuff I had acquired… I was focused on how much more money I would need for next fall. When I wasn’t working, I was checking my bank account, try to figure out if m y next paycheck would cover those pillows that would look so cute in my new apartment. My bank account balance was becoming a major source of stress in my life, creating tension with my financially smart parents and causing me constant concern. Finally, after a very heated argument with my Dad, I accepted the truth: I simply could not afford money anymore.I realized that I was much happier (and I sensed my blood pressure was much lower) when money was just something in the bank. While the clothes are pretty and those pillows are comfy, they lost their appeal right around the second a new item caught my eye. Towards the end of the summer, I let go of my financial issues –a fter all, I can’t buy more time with my friends and family before going back to Athens.I still check my bank account. I still go shopping occasionally. But now, those aren’t priorities. My money sufferings taught me that I shouldn’t seek out wealth as a m eans of satisfaction and happiness. Instead, my happiness should come from the moments and people that cannot be bought, exchanged, or returned. I now re-word those credit card slogans to reflect the value I place on finding wealth in the love shared betwe en my family and friends: ―There are some things that money can’t buy… Seek them.‖ Unlike cash, this form of wealth grows the more I give.56.A ccording to the passage, the author feels happy now mainly because .A.the appeal of money is inescapableB.he values the love between his family and friendsC.his wealth grows by working hard every dayD.he has paid off his debt in cash57.T he author mentions the heated argument with Dad in paragraph 3 in order to .A.show how to settle problems with othersB.prove how selfish his Dad isC.explain material possessions get him into troubleD.display generation gap between Dad and Son58.T he word ―comfy‖ (paragraph 4) probably means .A.realisticB.individualC.gracious/doc/1542ed47670e52ea551810a6f524ccbff121ca0a.html fortable59.W hich of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Seeking a different kind of wealthB.Letting go of different sufferingsC.Wealth as a means of satisfactionD.Happiness grows out of hardships(B)Americans are more stressed than ever, according to an American Psychological Association survey, and nearly one-third say stress impacts their physical or mental health. If you have any of these symptoms, your stress might be making you sick. Here’s how t o battle against them.If you’ve never suffered from headaches bu t suddenly your head is constantly striking, you might be too stressed. Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and blood vessels(⾎管) in the brain, which brings on a headache. Stress can cause them or make them worse. It’s also common fo r your muscles to tense up when you’re stressed, which can also cause a headache.WHAT TO DO:If you don’t want to take medicine, try spreading lavender (薰⾐草)oil on your temples(太阳⽳)when a headache starts. Or try one of thesehome remedies for headaches.Stress can make you mentally sick, too. Too much of the stress hormonecortisol (⽪质醇)can make it harder to concentrate, causingmemory problems as well as anxiety or depression, says Dr. Levine.WHAT TO DO:Relax until you regain your concentration. Practice closing your eyes and breathing in and out slowly, concentrating only on your breath.Losing a few strands of hair is normal (old hair follicles (囊)arereplaced by new ones over time), but stress can disturb that cycle.Significant stress p ushes a large number of hair follicles into what’scalled a resting stage and then a few months later those hairs fall out,according to /doc/1542ed47670e52ea551810a6f524ccbff121ca0a.html . Stress can als o cause the body’s resistantsystem to attack your hair follicles, resulting in hair loss.WHAT TO DO:Be patient. Once your stress level returns to normal, your hair should start growing back.60.If you’re stressed, you might have one of the following sympto ms EXCEPT that .A.you keep getting headachesB.you always have a coldC.your hair is falling outD.your brain feels confused61.W hich of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?A.Breathing slowly with your eyes closed.B.Waiting until your brain returns to normal.C.Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D.Relaxing and attacking your brain softly.62.W hat will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?A.Our hair starts falling out and then grows back.B.Ou r body’s resistant system attacks your hair folliclesC.Our hair starts growing again.D.A serious headache starts.(C)For many in the general public and the engineering community alike, the potential implications of additive manufacturing (AM) have excited the imagination. Popularly known as 3-D printing, the emerging class of technologies has been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advance.Yet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively, a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.A new special issue of Yale’s Journal of Industrial Ecology presents the cutting-edge research on this emerging field, providing important insights into its environmental, energy, and health impacts.Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects, additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies. What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than, as in traditional manufacturing, removing materials –thus the label ―additive.‖―The research in this issue shows that it is too early to label 3-D printing as the path to sustainable manufacturing,‖ said Reid Lifset, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Industrial Ecology and co-author of the lead editorial. ―We need to know much more about the material footprints, energy consumption in production, process emissions, a nd especially the linking devices and adjustments between the various stages in the production process.‖Additive manufacturing is sometimes seen as inherently environmentally preferable to traditional manufacturing because of its potential for local production – by consumers, merchants and hobbyists – and because it is thought to allow zero-waste manufacturing. Research in this issue, however, indicates that the environmental performance is very sensitive to the pattern of usage and composition of the machinery and the materials used.―This special issue demonstrates the capability of industrial ecology to reveal important and often overlooked aspects of new technologies,‖ said Indy Burke, Dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Enviro nmental Studies. ―If we are to realize the environmental potential of 3-D printing, we need to know where the challenges and the advantages lie.‖The special issue contains:life cycle assessments (LCA) of AM processes and productsinvestigations of the process energy consumption of AM technologiesstudies of operator exposure to printer emissions and dangerous materialsexamination of the sustainability benefits derived from the complex figure of parts enabled by the technologyanalysis of supply-chain issues arising from the use of the technology63.The word ―additive‖ in the passage refers to .A.the substance added in small amounts for a special purposeB.the additional technological capabilities of manufacturing processesC.the digital way to produce products by adding serial layers of materialsD.t he traditional way to produce products by removing materials64.The contents listed in the special issue mentioned at the end of this passage focus on.A.the studies of additive manufacturing and sustainabilityB.a diverse set of technologies of additive manufacturingC.the comparison between additive and traditional manufacturingD.the experiments conducted by Journal of Industrial Ecology65.Which of the follo wing can be inferred about the researchers’ viewpoint from the p assage?A.3-D printing is viewed as a revolution in production.B.3-D printing is regarded as a kind of sustainable manufacturing.C.AM makes a harmful impact on environment, energy, and health.D.The challenges and advantages of AM need further studies.66.The passage mainly discusses .A.investigations of the 3-D printing processB.the environmental implications of 3-D printingC. studies of 3-D printing emissions and materialsD.assessments of additive manufacturing processesSection CA.The findings show that they also apply criticism to nontraditional women’s husbands.B.He is also regarded as having less power in the relationship.C.These include having a higher status, yielding more power, being more self-focused, ambitious and self-confident.D.The married surname tradition is more than just a tradition.E.Up to now, researchers have not yet examined how a woman’s married surname cho ice influences howothers look at her husband.F.W omen’s rightist scholars understand why the surname tradition remains widely supported.What does it mean for the husband when his wife keeps her own surname?The tradition of women adopting their husbands’ s urname after marriage is arguably one of the most widespread gender-role standards in Western cultures despite marked changes in the role that women play in society and in the labor force. According to previous studies, women who violate the married surname tradition are viewed differently from others. They are described in terms of instrumental characteristics that in a gendered society are typically assigned to men. 67 These characteristics contrast with the expressive characteristics that are typically assigned to women, such as being more caring,kind and having less influence and power.68 For this purpose, Robnett and her colleagues carried out three studies in the US and UK. The first two studies showed that husbands whose wives keep their own surnames are often described through terms that are opposed to the gender-typical personality characteristics and power framework used for men. They are described in more expressive than instrumental terms, and are seen to hold less power in a marriage. Their findings indicate that people conclude from married surname choices to make more general in ferences about a couple’s g ender-typed personality characteristics.Results from the third study conducted by Robnett’s team suggest that people hold different opinions in how they think about such cases. People who firmly hold on to traditional gender roles react particularly strongly to a man whose wife keeps her surname because they see him as an incapable person. ―We know from previous research that people high in unfriendly sexism(蔑视⼥性)respond negatively to women who violate traditional g ender roles,‖ says Robnett. ― 69 ‖―This study joins several others in implying a link between traditions in men and women’s romantic relationships and power structures favoring men,‖ says Robnett. ― 70 It reflects slight gender-role standards and ideas that often remain unquestioned despit e privileging men.‖Secure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the ―Signaling Code and Security‖ working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an ―electronic purse‖ that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The ―black-box addition plus‖ (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account.―Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers dur ing offline operation as well,‖ Andy Rupp says.―This is needed for ensuring the payment system’s suitability for daily use. Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge. There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow.‖ Also its high efficiency makes the code system suited for everyday use: During first test runs, researchers completed payments within about one second.V.Translation72.他仍难以⽤英语表达⾃⼰的想法。

2018年上海市松江区高三英语一模卷和参考答案

2018年上海市松江区高三英语一模卷(满分140分,完卷时间120分钟)2017.12I.Listening ComprehensionSection A(10分)Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.At a concert.B.In a restaurant.C.In a flower shop.D.In a supermarket.2.A.15.B.50.C.85.D.100.3.A.Excited.B.Interested.C.Entertained.D.Disappointed.4.A.Because her boss will return her the money after seeing the receipt.B.Because her boss asks her to buy a lot of things.C.Because she wants to establish a standard procedure in her company.D.Because she wants to check everything she has bought.5.A.Go on with the chat.B.Review his lessons.C.Connect with his friends.D.Talk with his friends face to face.6.A.He is always in a good mood.B.He has spent more money than expected.C.He is good at playing the piano.D.He’s pleased with his purchase.7.A.Mr.White’s new appointment.B.Mr.White’s vacation.C.An important vacant position.D.How to apply for a job.8.A.Her shoes will be in stock next month.B.She is longing for the shoes that are currently unavailable.C.She is unwilling to wait for a long time.D.She ca n’t bear waiting.9.A.Policeman and car driver. B.Librarian and student.C.Doctor and patient.D.Post clerk and customer.10.A.John will deliver a presentation tomorrow about a new electronic device.B.The clients are very nervous about the quality of the new car.C.Tracy’s presentation is about a type of new electric car.D.Tracy is nervous because this electric car hasn’t received positive feedback before.Section B(15分)Directions:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following news.11.A.Because man makes us of only20%of the brain’s capacity.B.Because the other80%of man’s brain will grow in due time.C.Because man’brain has grown larger over the past centuries.D.Because man will use his brain more and more as time goes on.12.A.He thinks and feels in different ways.B.He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.C.He has no hair because it is no longer useful.D.His fingers grow weaker because he doesn’t use them.13.A.M an’s life will be different in the future.B.Future man will look different from us.C.Man is growing taller and uglier as time goes by.D.The fun ctions of man’s organs will function as well as today.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Reading magazine articles. B.Preparing book reports.C.Writing research papers.D.Selecting information sources.15.A.Gathering nonrelevant information. B.Stealing another person’s ideas.C.Sharing notes with someone else.D.Handing in assignments late.16.A.In the student’s own words.B.In direct quotations.C.In short phrases.D.In shorthand.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.Checking the room. B.Arranging a large conference.C.Running a hotel.D.Handling a complaint.18.A.There is no lavatory paper.B.The toilet doesn’t flush properly.C.The water doesn’t run away in the shower.D.There is no pillow in the room.19.A.Busy. B.Unhappy. C.Excited. D.Hot.20.A.Adjust the regulator. B.fix the toilet and shower.C.Send the lavatory paper.D.Send a cake and fruit.II.Grammar and VocabularySection A(10分)Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.One of my(21)________(memorable)vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy,my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life.We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm,(22) ________(join)in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family.We got up early to see the cows as they(23)________(milk).I even tried my hand at milking one,and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different(24)________my own.It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day,I wonder(25)________that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own.There is never a day when the animals don’t need to be fed.But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids.Vacations are a time for resting and connecting.As a bank manager,I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money.One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year.In our busy lives,family is what we(26)________be saving our money and time for.For my family,our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip.We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time.Among the things we discuss:Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel?Would it be better(27) ________(buy)groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28)________(involve)the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they havea great vacation too.I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim.So I build in some relaxation time for us all(29)________________the vacation can work for everyone.Each year,setting aside vacation time to spend together is especiallyimportant to us.This is th e one week a year I don’t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes.(30)________matters that week is that everyone is having a great time.Each year,setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is th e one week a year I don’t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes.(30)________matters that week is that everyone is having a great time.Section B(10分)Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.The human face is a remarkable piece of work.The astonishing variety of facial31 helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.So is the face’s ability to send emotional32,whether through a(n)33blush or a false smile.People spend much of their waking lives,in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom,reading faces,for signs of attraction,hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.In America facial recognition is used by churches to34worshippers’attendance;in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters.This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n)35 outside a football game.In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers,36 tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile.Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to37the homescreen.Set against human skills,such applications might seem gradual.Some breakthroughs,such as flight or the Internet,obviously transform human abilities;facial recognition seems merely to encode them.Although faces are38to individuals, they are also public,so technology does not,at first sight,intrude on something that is private.And yet the ability to record,39and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast40promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy,fairness and trust.III.Reading ComprehensionSection A(15分)Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally changed the definition of“a good cup of coffee”.For Starbucks,the brand had three elements:coffee41and stores.Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans42that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality.Outstanding store personnel were employed and trained in coffee knowledge and 43service.Store design,atmosphere and aroma(浓香)all44the“Starbucks Experience”.Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled.Starbucks prided itself on the―Starbucks Experience‖,45coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.46those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provides you with more than coffee.You get great people,first-rate music,a comfortable and upbeat meeting place,and47advice on brewing excellent coffee at home.At home you’re part of a family.At work you’re part of a company.And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself.That’s what a Starbucks store has been48to creating for its customers—a kind of―third place‖where they can49,reflect,read,chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea.It was designed by Terry Heckler,who got the50from the wooden statue of the sea.Mermaid logo also51original and modern meanings:her face is very simple,but with modern abstract forms of packaging;the middle is black and white, the only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of52:the visual warmth,hearing the way,smelling the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think,through the huge glass windows,watching the crowded streets,53 sipping a coffee flavor,which is in line with the―Yapi‖,the feeling of experience in the54life.But the55of Starbuc ks is not about the coffee,although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier.Coffee consumption,to a great extent,is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.41.A.people B.managers C.customers D.clients42.A.assured B.promised C.ensured D.predicted43.A.emergency B.environment C.employment D.customer44.A.consisted of B.benefited from C.contributed to D.headed for45.A.going beyond ing across C.making up D.depending on46.A.With regard to B.In addition to pared with D.In terms of47.A.general B.reasonable C.legal D.fascinatingmitted B.alerted C.subjected D.required49.A.negotiate B.perform C.conceal D.escape50.A.imagination B.inspiration C.patent D.philosophy51.A.creates B.cultivates C.credits D.conveys52.A.brand B.logo C.possession D.experience53.A.greedily B.gently C.persistently D.indifferently54.A.busy B.easy C.miserable D.energetic55.A.product B.vision C.essence D.importanceSection B(22分)Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Men are as likely as women to suffer from postnatal(产后的)depression,a study shows.One in ten fathers—the same ratios as mothers—are found to suffer before or after birth.By the time their child reaches12weeks,as many as one in four are feeling down.The symptoms observed in the American study are not thought to be hormonal—as they are in women—and are instead probably a response to the pressures of fatherhood. These include the expense of having children,changed relationship with partners and fear of paternal(父亲的)responsibility.In the early weeks,the lack of sleep and extra domestic chores also take the toll.The study put the overall rate of depression among new fathers at10.4percent—double the estimated4.8percent for all men in any12-month period.Around8percent were affected in the12weeks before and after birth,according to the Eastern Virginia Medical School Research.The study found parents were more likely to be down if their partner was too.It is estimated that around one in ten women suffers postnatal depression,even if they have never had mental health problems.Without treatment the condition can last for months.Although most women have a few days of―Baby Blues‖shortly after birth, postnatal depression can kick in up to six months later.Experts say that paternal depression is serious because it can have―substantial emotional,behavioural and developmental‖effects on children.56.The―Baby Blues‖effect among fathers may be caused by the following except __________.A.domestic choresB.fatherhood pressureC.paternal responsibilityD.hormone imbalance57.What does the underlined phrase“take the toll”in paragraph2mean?A.Cost a lot of money.B.Take the lead.C.Have a bad effect.D.Have no links.58.Which could be the best title for the passage?A.Therapy for DepressionB.Father Getting Baby BluesC.Effects of Father BluesD.Postnatal Recovery59.Which way is most suitable for Mary,who can just spare one day to travel around Singapore?A.Night Safari.B.DUCK.C.City Sightseeing.D.Flyer.60.If David and his9-year-old son are both animal lovers,they had better dial___________formore information before their tour.A.6338-6877B.6338-6859C.6338-3311D.6338-682661.Mr.Smith is going to take his wife,his13-year-old daughter and his1-year-old son to visitSingapore at their own leisurely pace,he should get at least___________ready.A.$89B.$99C.$91D.$10162.Which organization in Singapore is most likely to issue the information above?cation Commission.B.Health Department.C.Transportation Bureau.D.Tourism Bureau.(C)Antibiotics,vaccines,organ transplant and HIV/AIDS treatments are all medical milestones that have indisputably made life better and saved millions of lives.But all these advances and countless others were developed using animals.The latest eye shadow and other cosmetics and industrial chemicals are also developed with animal testing.The lab animal issue has received attention in China in recent years as more people are concerned about animals’rights.China has no animal welfare laws prohibiting cruelty to animals,but there are standards(1986and2006)for humane treatment of lab animals, though these are difficult to enforce.World Day for Laboratory Animals was established in1979by the British National Anti-Vivisection Society,memorializing millions of animals that contributed to pure science,medicine,industry,fashion and the cosmetics industry.It’s also a day of action to protest the use of live animals for experiments from lab rats and dogs to cattle and primates(灵长类动物).Thousands of activists worldwide are campaigning to raise awareness and demand an end to experimentation with animals,though there are few effective alternatives.The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection estimates that100million vertebrates(脊椎动物)are used in experiments every year,10to11million in the European Union.This doesn’t include mice,rats,frogs and animals not yet weaned.There are no reliable figures for China where specially bred animals are used extensively for research.Some date indicate around16million vertebrates were used in2006.Three Rs principle Thousands of activists worldwide are campaigning to raise awareness and demand an end to experimentation with animals,though there are few effective alternatives.The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection estimates that100million vertebrates(脊椎动物)are used in experiments every year,10to11million in the European Union.This doesn’t include mice,rats,frogs and animals not yet weaned.There are no reliable figures for China where specially bred animals are used extensively for research.Some date indicate around16million vertebrates were used in2006.Three Rs principleThe three Rs are principles for lab animal welfare proposed by microbiologist RL Burch and zo ologist W.M.S.Russel in1959.They are―reduction,refinement and replacement‖and scientists are encouraged to follow them.*Reduce the number of animals by improving experimental techniques and increasing information sharing among researchers.*Refine experiments and treatment to reduce suffering;use less invasive techniques, improve care and living conditions.*Replace experiments on live animals with alternative testing where possible.―But the three Rs suggests general acquiescence(默许)in animal experimentation,‖says astatement by Animal Rights in Chine(ARC),set up in2006by over3000campaigners who have been urging the use of alternatives.The alternatives activists advocate include using cell cultures instead of whole animals,using phototoxicity tests on chemicals to predict their effects on humans,using computer models,studying human volunteers and working on isolated tissues.These approaches can be useful but they can’t provide the answers that animal research can.―Animal experiment ation is a basic,very important method in life science study and biomedical research and in some specific fields,so it is irreplaceable,‖says Yang Fei, deputy director of the Animal Experimentation Department of Fudan University.Yang has worked on regulating and standardizing animal testing for over15years.He says testing on primates is still necessary because their immune system is very similar to that of humans.They are needed to develop drugs for malaria,HIV/AIDS and infections such as SARS,he says,though admitting the approach is not perfect.63.According to the passage,___________may not be related to animal testing.A.Cough mixturesB.Genetically modified riceC.Dior LipsticksD.Artificial livers64.World Day for Laboratory animals was set up for the following reasons except ___________.A.to call for better experimental techniques to reduce sufferingsB.to memorialize the animals sacrificed in the labsC.to raise awareness of animal rightD.to offer the activists a chance to raise their objections to the use of animals’forexperiments65.Why W.M.S Russel advocated researchers to share more information?A.Because researchers can better cooperate with each other to eliminate animal testing.B.Because researchers can turn to alternatives to replace animal testing.C.Because researchers can avoid repeating similar testing on animals.D.Because researchers can make the animal testing more effective.66.___________is the biggest obstacle to cancelling animal testing.ck of enough fundck of human awarenessck of supportive statisticsck of effective alternativesSection C(8分)Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Overnight,eating fried chicken in the People’s Square is OUT;instead,people started to drink HEEKCAA and eat Bao Master.This year,the qu eues in front of the doors of―Wanghong delicacies‖were so dense that a cup of tea has been hyped to over80 Yuan by scalpers(黄牛)and local bloggers even customized a one-day tour to eat in Shanghai.To a great extent,W anghong phenomenon depends on merchants’business strategy.______67______.Business also works on publicity.Before HEEKCAA’s arrival in Shanghai,it has advertised through microblog,local life service and other self-media, which has generated a certain amount of heat among the public.Once people make the purchase,the―sense of accomplishment‖will urge some of them to show off at their Wechat moments,which is good for brand image.Also,when a product is quickly recognized by consumers,capitals will come in great numbers.The boost of capitals undoubtedly helps the subsequent publicity of the brand.______68______.In the Internet era,the spread of information is so fast that it doesn’t matter whether the tea tastes good or bad;it’s just a matter of whether you ever drink it.There is a word for this behavior—―fomo‖,which means fear of missing out. Oxford University professor said this is not new.As social animals,humans have a strong desire to be part of a group,to be accepted,recognized,valued and remembered.A little baby cries for a hug and a child makes small trouble to get noticed.These behaviors are, in the eyes of sociologists,anxious for existence.It’s just that social media today that make it easier for people to perceive other pe ople’s lives,and have a sense of loss not to join them when they know what others are doing.10-20Yuan is the exchange value of milk tea,but it’s the symbol va lue of the goods that encourages people to―pull the grass‖.Just like the lipstick,mailbox a nd graffiti wall that have been on the list of Wanghong,people want to use relatively controllable spending to gain satisfaction from a moments’thumb up.______69______.With the development of society,consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life,so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable.However,―Wanghong economy‖is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection.Consumers who co me by―physical attractiveness‖will quickly vanis h if there is no implicit value or connotation to support.______70______. Besides,consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.With the development of society,consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life,so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable. However,―Wanghong economy‖is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection.Consumers who co me by―physical attractiveness‖will quickly vanis h if there is no implicit value or connotation to support.______70______.Besides, consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.IV.Summary Writing(10分)Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty,poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins,do you hurry on,not knowing what to do,or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money?What should our attitude to beggars be?There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories.It must be terrible to have noidea where our next meal is going to come from.It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly,most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves.But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days,when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help,is no longer the best idea.Quite a few people will not give to beggars.Let us look at their arguments.First,some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging.Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil.Secondly,there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer,wine or drugs.Thirdly,there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging.One might be poor,but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people.Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion;there are various cases and we must deal with them differently.A few coins can save a life in some situations,and even if the money is wasted,that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.V.Translation(15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.我们在国外旅游时,应当遵循当地的风俗。

2018届上海市徐汇区高考英语一模（含答案）

2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟）考生注意：1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyouhave heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party.B. She doesn’t like the gift.grow old.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B.The film is not worth seeing at all.C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D.The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C.The family members always eat a lot.第 1 页 / 共 17 页微信公众号：上海试卷D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B.She worked as a doctor in her early life.C.She spent her whole life in London.D.She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B.Because she was sent to a settlement house.C.Because of her health problem.D.Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B.She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C.She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D.She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B.They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C.They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D.They can help the students with their language learning.15.A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16.A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B.He is a huge fan of international stories.C.He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D.He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B.By interviewing people who have stories.C.By analyzing the current social problems.第 2 页 / 共 17 页D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said theydiscovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s OliveTrees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French paintingcollection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work，I came across the tinylower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscopebody of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint backin 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements,dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields.What’s fun is that we can co me up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in thepaint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far)to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine)the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was n sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ itsomehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin,(29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off hisown ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking pointfor museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the deadinsect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第 3 页 / 共 17 页A. concernsB. illegalC. circulationD. recommendedE. launchedF. conductingG. witnessing H. innovation I. emphasized J. regulations K. criticismsExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the countryare using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and toreduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could“reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activitiesDong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financialsuch as money laundering(洗钱),”　Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmarkand Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery f r om their mobilephones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purc with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply__(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’scampaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods.caused __(37)__ over whether cash willBoth called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, whichsoon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, in undeveloped western regions, and theref ore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,”　，most of them prefer to use cash in their dailyDong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizenslife,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s soquickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on__(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found thatthe mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’swillingness to save and led them to preferimmediate __(47)__ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interes t.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King,KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminaleffect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincaretreatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept asmall sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ rewar after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food__(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-efficient whenone is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at thisincredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most i nspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference be successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessfulpeople.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding r ight after my first book was published.Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them.I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was putinto a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibitingimages of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I becameincreasingly anxious.Do they not like the title I wondered. Do they not like the book cover After 90minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in mylife. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began eachwriting session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,“Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’tse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managedthat moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worto hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the wayle turnedthey were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The coupto each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the b began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.our son committed suicide two years ago.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is becauseMaybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it hadserved its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and soldwell, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks tothem, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverancedistraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.57. The word “A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58.What can be inferred from paragraph 5A.The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B.The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C.The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D.The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59.By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that__________.A.he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB.he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC.he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD.he had found someone who appreciated his writing60.The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61.If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he willprobably need _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62.What is the main purpose of this passageA.To help college students increase learning efficiency.B.To recommend some helpful applications to students.C.To compare different types of online learning tools.D.To explain how to use some modern applications.The truth of our mod ern times is that you probably won ’t find a student who does not use mobile applications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needs most, but there are still some mobile“helpers ” no student should live without.Raise —Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raise mobile app.Beforeyou buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see if there are any discounted gift cardsyou can buy to make your dollar go farther. Once you purchase a card, you can instantly use it online or in stores by showing the barcode on your phone — no need to worry about forgettingyour gift cards at home.iStudiez Pro —For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a fullschedule,iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help you organize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best app for students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightful user experience.SelfControl —College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! Theyalwaysneed to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood with the world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControl application has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract you from studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture is finished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!Mint —It ’s an easy -to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates on howmuch you ’ve been spending. It also lets you know what you ’ve been spending your money on byorganizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dish out onStarbucks after using the app for a while).LifeSite Vault —Parents struggle to make sure their college students have access to key personaldocuments and accounts, like Social Security numbers and bank account information.That ’s where LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents “safe but accessible.” For example, with LifeSite Vault, users can upload everything from their SocialSecurity cards to passports and birth certificates or upload a picture of a medical insurance card.More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years,humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedishprofessor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming andclassifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for asingle species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species namesshould be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group thatincludes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, thespecific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name.The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used byitself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris,we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms.These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes,classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organismsaccording to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classificat well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is nowa domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms.Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists,and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms.They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive inmany environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is madeup of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common.They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi donot produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digestingcarbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63.The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.A.demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB.introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC.criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD.illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64.Which of the following can be learned from the passageA.The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B.Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.day with little modifications.C.Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used toD.Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65.Which of the following is TRUE about protistsA.They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B.They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C.They are limited to single-cell organisms.D.They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passageA.The Father of Modern TaxonomyB.Classifying OrganismsC.Development in Life FormsD.Linnaeus ’s Classification System Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Eachsentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie ’s 1911 book—said:“All children, except one, grow up.” (67)________________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children ’s toy marketThese toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more thanhalf of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” comKoreaboo. (68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today ’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It remplayful si de of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talkingabout his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nabout it anymore”, he told The New York Times.“That ’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It ’s just pop culture stuff. Ita little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News.“It ’s no big deal.”A.Many say collecting toys creates a sense of accomplishment.B.This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults ”．C.But scientists are probably just worrying too much.D.But this “fact ” doesn ’t seem to apply to today ’s world anymore.E.At one point in our life, we all had and loved our own toys.F.Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing.have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the taglmandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old isIV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage inno more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers.We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉) And if we do, will weembarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child Isn’t it w past without comment After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a publicplace is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference betweenhurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that”) and helpful intervention done in a cari (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are toohelpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outwardscars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatmenthave an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, butwhich I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, andfeelings of anger and frustration werehow much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’srecognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives andgave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a childV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。

杨浦区2018届高三一模英语卷(含答案)

杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三模拟质调研英语学科试卷2017.12本试卷分为第I卷（第1-11页）和第II卷（第12页）两部分。

全卷共12页。

满分140分。

考试时间120分钟。

考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将条形码粘贴在答题纸的指定区域内。

2.第I卷（1-20小题，31---70小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I卷中的第21-30小题，IV.Summary Writing部分和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸的规定区域内，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上则无效。

第I卷（共100分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.In a professor's office. B.In a second-hand book shop.C.In a library.D.In a hospital.2. A.10yuan. B.20yuan.C.30yuan.D.50yuan.3. A.House agent and customer. B.Shop assistant and customer.C.Car mechanic and car owner.D.Employer and employee.4. A.The man doesn't believe what the woman says.B.The weather report spoils the man's good mood.C.They will cancel the hiking due to the bad weather.D.The man thinks it unnecessary to give up the adventure.5. A.She always talks bad about her colleagues.B.She has a good reputation among her colleagues.C.She is good at handling complicated relationships.D.She has good relations with her colleagues and boss.6. A.Harmony in a community. B.Safety in the neighborhood.C.Preparation for Christmas.D.Ways to save electricity.7. A.Watching advertisements may help ease eyestrain（眼疲劳）.B.It's a great chance to break the habit of watching TV.C.The advertisements are long enough for her to have a nap.D.Focusing eyes on the screen for a long time is harmful to eyes.8. A.The man decides to go home by rail.B.Most people travel by car during the festival.C.Most people arrive beyond the scheduled time.D.The man will have a sound sleep on the bus.9. A.He is not a bit overweight.B.He likes his fitness instructor.C.She has set too many rules for him.D.She should talk with his personal trainer.10.A.Greeks are not allowed to get married before18.B.Greek kids are not as independent as American kids.C.American parents don’t pay for children's wedding.D.Greek parents will take care of children until they are18.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear several longer conversation(s)and short passage(s),and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s)and the passage(s).The conversation(s)and passage(s) will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.The burn is20millimeters across.B.The burn is small but very painful.C.The burn takes away the victim's feeling.D.The burn is small but the skin is damaged.e a clean plastic bag to keep warm.B.Bind up the burn with bandage or cloth.C.Treat the burned area with cold running water.D.Flush（冲洗）the burn with ice water for several minutes.13.A.To avoid infection. B.To ease pain.C.To speed recovery.D.To reduce stickiness.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.A cell phone. B.A leather wallet.C.A mini camera.D.An alarm clock.15.A.The wallet will sound an alarm.B.It will track the thief with GPS system.C.It will contact the bank to block balance.D.Its owner will receive a picture of the thief.16.A.It's out-dated in this digital age.B.It can text messages automatically.C.It is a multifunctional wallet.D.It is unique in appearance and function.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.The concert is beyond her curfew(宵禁).B.She can’t go out on school night.C.Her mother is not available.D.She doesn’t like the band.18.A.His parents set a strict rule for him.B.His parents don’t care when he is back.C.He is self-disciplined and trustworthy.D.He envies those who have curfews.19.A.Promoting maturity. B.Giving sense of security.C.Improving sense of responsibility.D.Discouraging independence.20.A.It’s a severe punishment. B.It’s for her good.C.It’s a ridiculous practice.D.It’s an exceptional case.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation(21)______appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners,and yet when it comes to eating noodles,Japanese people can be(22)______ (loud)in the world.According to lifestyle website grapee.jp,slurping(发出"哧溜"声)when eating noodles(23)______ (encourage)in Japanese culture.It’s believed that taking air into your mouth(24)______enhance the flavor of the noodles,and that it helps cool down the noodles.It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish.Sometimes,just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.It wasn’t until a new expression–“noodle harassment（骚扰）”--came out last year on social media(25) ______Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.(26)______a response,Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month.The fork,which looks like an electric toothbrush,is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp,the fork sends a signal to the person’s phone,(27)______ (make)it play a sound to mask the slurping noise.But is it really necessary?Dining traditions do vary.(28)______is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another.In India,people eat with their hands(29) ______they think in this way they build a connection with the food.However,people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands(30)______(cover)in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of Indian's culture,just like Japan's slurping is part of its own.“So,if your are eating noodles,whether that’s ramen,uudon,or soba,please slurp,”wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku.“If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that,pay them no mind because they're missing the point entirely.”Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.MeTro is simple to apply,can be easily stored,and works closely with natural__37__to heal a wound. What’s more,it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are__38__to animal models.But human trials are in the works,and the results to date are incredibly__39__.If the MeTro can be further developed into a__40__product,it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Competition is good for businesses.In the world of navigation（导航）systems,however,competition is also a necessity---it may not be wise to rely on foreign systems for positioning and tracking services. Now,___41___remarkable accuracy and reliability,China’s BeiDou system has made its presence felt.The BeiDou project was set up in1994.The first BeiDou satellite was not launched until2000.Now, ___42___,there are already more than20BeiDou satellites in orbit(轨道).They form a___43___network that provides positioning,navigation and timing services for China and several other Asian countries.This“home-grown"system is now___44___a major upgrade.Earlier this month,two BeiDou-3 satellites,the first of China’s most powerful___45___of navigation satellites,were launched into space.The launch marks the beginning of the global___46___of the BeiDou navigation system.Over the next three years,China plans to send up30more BeiDou-3satellites;The expanded navigation system will___47___ create a network that is able to support military and civilian applications around the world.Scientists involved in the project said the new system would give civilian users an accuracy of2.5 meters to five meters,overtaking that of the___48___positioning technologies.BeiDou’s chief designer said the new satellites would be able to__49___which lane a car is using on a motorway and__50___the swing of a building in high winds.It will also be able to guide fire trucks to the nearest water hydrant(消防栓).The Chinese military,meanwhile,will be able to use coded signals for millimeter（毫米）___51___.China is only the third country in the world to develop a navigation system on its own,after the United States(GPS)and Russia(GLONASS).Developing BeiDou is a necessity.The system__52___national security by ending a reliance on foreign systems.Moreover,it enhances China’s international reputation for technological___53___.For most of us,the benefits of the new satellite system will be felt in a couple of years when more phones are___54___with BeiDou chips(芯片).Many smartphones today still use GPS and GLONASS. That’ll soon change with the development of BeiDou.One product manager___55___most smartphones to be able to receive BeiDou signals.He says:“In three years’time,people may still say‘I’m using GPS’,but in fact,their phone is tune in to BeiDou.”41.A.dominating B.boasting C.shifting D.inputting42.A.however B.afterwards C.moreover D.therefore43.A.continental B.local C.domestic D.regional44.A.enduring B.encountering C.undergoing D.processing45.A.generation rmation C.examination D.revolution46.A.extension B.expansion C.interaction D.invasion47.A.objectively B.eventually C.sufficiently D.essentially48.A.existing B.progressing C.upcoming D.everlasting49.A.explore B.investigate C.spot D.remind50.A.detect B.prevent C.protect D.adjust51.A.privacy B.accuracy C.fluency D.currency52.A.convinces B.insures C.highlights D.strengthens53.A.innovation B.consumption C.emission D.exhibition54.A.decorated B.furnished C.equipped D.connected55.A.respects B.instructs C.inspects D.expectsSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal,Bloomberg reports.Retail giant Hennes&Mauritz,more commonly known as H&M,is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy(发霉的)or otherwise unsalable clothing.The multi-fuel power and heating station in Västerås,central Sweden,is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by2020.It’s the largest station of its kind and Sweden claims it’s one of Europe’s cleanest. To kick its coal habit,the station is turning instead to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes,clothes.“Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels,”Jens Neren,head of fuel supplies at the utility company which owns and operates the Västerås plant,told Bloomberg.Johanna Dahl,head of communications for H&M in Sweden,told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.“It is our legal obligation to make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed,”she said.The Västerås plant has burned around15tons of old H&M clothes so far this year,compared with about400,000tons of rubbish,Neren told Bloomberg.Sweden has one of the world’s greener energy generating systems,and has invested in bioenergy,solar power and electric buses.In2015,the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its dependence on fossil fuels.According to the Swedish government,the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil,which accounted for75%of the energy supply in 1970,and now makes up a20%share.56.Which of the following can serve as fuel in the Västerås plant?A.Fashionable coats in H&M chain store.B.Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.C.Wooden furniture in second-hand shop.D.H&M clothes unsuitable for sale.57.The underlined word in the last paragraph“generating”is closest in meaning to______.A.eliminatingB.adjustingC.producingD.circulating58.What can we learn from the passage?A.The Swedish government discourages the development of bioenergy.B.Clothes only take up a small proportion of the burning material.C.Sweden’s fossil-fuel free plan is almost accomplished by now.D.Sweden has an ambition to be the cleanest country in the world.59.What is the main idea of the passage?A.A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H&M clothes for fuel.B.The Swedish government aims high and is taking effective action.C.H&M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.D.Coal and oil are no longer regarded as the primary fuels in Sweden.(B)60.Before an adventure,a trekker should ______.A.tell the park officials his destination and time scheduleB.pack up some jungle fruit juice and pre-cooked mealsC.consult a local guide about the most adventurous routeD.have his fitness level assessed at the touristcenter61.Which of the following is NOT suitable for a rainforest trekking?A.Long-sleeved cotton shirts.B.Tight sports shorts.C.Hiking boots.D.A wide brimmed hat.62.If a trekker starts out at dawn,he may______.A.escape being caught in the rainB.sight scared wildlifeC.enjoy the heat of the tropical sunD.see animals seeking food(C)The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resist insecticides is evolving rapidly and spreading across Africa,putting millions of people at higher risk of contracting malaria （疟疾）.British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes'growing resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying,which have helped cut malaria cases since2000,now threatens“to disturb malaria control”in Africa.“Our study highlights the severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes and to manage and limit insecticide resistance,”said Martin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,who worked on the study with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.Latest World Health Organization(WHO)data show that216million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite(寄生虫),which is transmitted by blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes.The disease killed445,000people in2016,and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa.To understand how mosquitoes are evolving,the researchers sequenced the DNA of765wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from15locations across eight African countries.Their work,published in the journal Nature on Wednesday,created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for any species of insect.Analyzing the data,the scientists found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes（冈比亚疟蚊）were extremely genetically diverse（多样化的）compared with most other animal species.This high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution,they said,and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance so quickly.The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants（变体）within certain genes.The scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emerging independently in different parts of Africa,but were also being spread across the continent by mosquito migration.Michael Chew,an expert at Britain’s Wellcome Trust global health charity which helped fund the research,said the finds underlined the importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria.Global efforts to control malaria through effective vaccine,insecticides and the best drug combinations require urgent,united action by scientists,drug companies,governments and the WHO.63.Which of the following is scientists’headache?A.The number of mosquitoes in Africa is growing rapidly.B.Some genetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown.C.The existing insecticides aren’t as effective as they used to be.lions of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria.64.Malaria cases can be cut by______.A.threatening drug companiesB.spraying insecticidesC.limiting blood donationD.transmitting data65.What CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A.Children are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes.B.Many previously unknown variants are found in the study.C.The mosquito migration contributes to the spread of variants.D.Anopheles mosquitoes have great genetic diversity.66.Which is FALSE about the genetic study of mosquitoes?A.It created the largest data on natural genetic variation for any insect species.B.It found the possible causes for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance.C.It discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread.D.It highlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.But despite its popularity,experts warn that biometrics might not be as secure aswe’d imagined.B.Security experts don’t think it absolutely necessary to use biometric technology.C.But using multiple security measures is the best defense.D.Now,this type of technology might not be far away.E.If a person’s biometric information is stolen,that could have extremely seriousconsequences for that individualF.The chance that a random person could look at your iPhone X and unlock it withhis face is about one in a million.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store.You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food.Next,you have to pay.But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint.Or,a camera scans your face,your eyes or even your ear.__________67__________As technology companies move away from traditional password,biometric （生物识别）security,which includes fingerprint,face and voice ID,is becoming increasingly popular.In2013,Apple introduced the iPhone5s,one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner.Since then,using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives.And since last year,Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones,while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face.__________68__________“Biometrics,ideally,are good,”John Michener,a biometric expert,told tech website Inverse.“In practice,not so much.”When introducing the new iPhone’s Face ID feature at Apple’s Keynote Event in September,Phil Schiller,Apple’s senior vice president,said,“__________69__________”But it’s already been done.In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov3,two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face,Quartz reported.And they aren’t even twins.“We may expect too much from biometrics,”Anil Jain,a computer science professor at Michigan State University,told CBS news.“No security systems are perfect.”Earlier this year,Jain found a way to trick biometric ing a printed copy of a thumbprint,she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.“It’s good to see biometrics being used more,”Jain told CBS News,“because it adds another factor for security.__________70__________”IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China.Most of them seem to be in a hurry,as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time.However,such reckless （鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year,food delivery drivers had76traffic accidents in Shanghai alone,according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau.This means that on average,there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every2.5days.Other cities also share similar problems.In Nanjing,three people died and2,473were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period,according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service,reported People’s Daily.About150million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International(CRI).Such a big market has led to a large demand for food delivery workers,with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However,food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers.They face company fines of20yuan for delivering food late and upwards of200yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI.Moreover,the more orders they take,the more commission（佣金）they can earn,leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules,“there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears,brains and hearts,”Wang Liang,deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau,told news website The Paper.To solve the problem,some cities have taken action.Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety.Now in Shenzhen,if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice,he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.第II卷（共40分）I.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。

2018届上海市徐汇区高考英语一模(含答案)

2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷考生注意：1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possibleanswers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale.3. A. 50 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.4. A. The train will arrive on time.C. The woman will take the next train.5. A. She talks too much.C. She is always very frank.6.A. She doesn ' t want to have a birthday party.B. She doesnC. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn 7.A. The woman doesn ' t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C. The man won ' t go to the movies with the woman.D. The man is very tired from his work.B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C. The family members always eat a lot. 第 1 页 / 共 17 页满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟） 2017.12C. At home.D. In a cafe. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition. B. 25 minutes. D. An hour and a half. B. The train is late due to the storm. D. The woman has to wait for the train. B. She doesn ' t like speaking. D. She often talks loudly.'t like the gift. 'ant twto grow old. 8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.9. A. He should have invited Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. Last summer was even hotter. D. Light was stronger this morning. B. He is doing business with Mary. D. He didn ' t want to ask Mary to the party微信公众号：上海试卷D. They should prepare more food and drin ks.Sectio n BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one Ion ger con versatio n, and you will be asked several questi ons on each of the passages and the con versati on. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best an swer to the questi on you have heard.Questi ons 11 through 13 are based on the follow ing passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B. She worked as a doctor in her early life.C. She spent her whole life in London.D. She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B. Because she was sent to a settlement house.C. Because of her health problem.D. Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B. She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C. She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D. She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questi ons 14 through 16 are based on the follow ing passage.14. A. They are available in different Ianguages except Russian.B. They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C. They are not allowed to be take n out of the college.D. They can help the students with their Ianguage learning.15. A. Con sult him freque ntly. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patie ntly.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operat ing of prin ters.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B. He is a huge fan of international stories.C. He is an experieneed editor of a TV program.D. He is an advocate for environmen tal protect ion.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. Intern ati onal relati ons and foreig n policies.D. Con flicts among differe nt political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B. By interviewing people who have stories.C. By analyzing the current social problems.第2页/共17页D. Based on public expectati ons and editorsjudgme nt.20. A. First-hand stories. C. Audienee ' s feedback.II. Grammar and VocabularySectio n ADirections: After readi ng the passage below, fill in the bla nks to make the passage cohere nt and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the give n word; for the other bla nks, use one word that best fits each bla nk.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员 )dream of finding (21) _______ (hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper...Con servators at the Nels on-Atk ins museum of art in Kan sas City said theydiscovered the dead in sect in one of its star paintin gs, Vincent van Gogh ' s OliveTrees, when it (22) _______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French paintingcollectio n.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work ' slower foreground. “ (23) ______ (look) at aiiietipg with the microscope , I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24) ______ have occurred in the wet paint back in1889.“ Wecan connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements,dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he' s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What ' s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25) ______ the in sect Ian ded in the pai nt. ”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26) ______ (far) topossibly ide ntify which seas on Van Gogh pain ted Olive Trees.Michael En gel, a professor at the Un iversity of Kan sas, was approached (27) ____ (exam ine)the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the in sect' s body was miss ing and there was rsign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28) _____________ it somehow Ianded on the artist ' s wet canvas and coulsenclbb dating purposes.Van Gogh pain ted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falli ng out with his friend Gaugu in,(29) _____ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off hisown ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talk ing point formuseum visitors, look ing closely into the pain ti ng to see (30) ____ they can spot the dead in sect. Sectio n BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more tha n you n eed.第3页/共17页B. Practical experie nee.D. Educati onal background.Experts agree that it is beco ming a grow ing trend that more and more con sumers across the country are using cashless payme nt methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to en courage bank tran sfers and to reduce using cash duri ng econo mic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could“ reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering (洗钱),"Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Sin gapore are also __(33)__ the in crease of cashless payme nt. The rapid developme nt of cashless payme nts does not mean there are no challe nges and __(34)__.Alibaba ' s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can ' t purc cash there, which would be con sidered illegal. A Hema PR represe ntative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow con sumers to pay in cash. She no ted that Hema store simply __(35)__ con sumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the n ati on 'two major third -party mobile payme nt tools, also __(36)__ campaig ns this month to en courage more mercha nts and customers to use cashless payme nt methods. Both called for the establishment of a “ cashles s ociety w bjich caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “ As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge, " no ted Dong.“ Also, it ' s important to remember that nearly half of China ' s population lives in rural areas, in undeveloped western regions, and therefo re is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet, said. “ And when it comes to China ' s seniamosfeefithem prefer to use cash in their daily life, added.III. Readi ng Comprehe nsionSectio n ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each bla nk with the word or phrase that best fits the con text.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald ' s o quickly on scree n that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的)effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “ Our experime nts suggest that the __(44)__ goal of savi ng time embedded in fast food may have the un expected con seque nee of caus ing hurried ness and impatie nee. "Thinking about fast food in creases __(45)__ for time- sav ing products. “ More __(46)__, we found thatthe mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people ' willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future return, fin ally harm ing their econo mic in terest ."Stude nt volun teers were quickly show n six logos from fast-food cha ins —McD onald ' s, Burger Ki ng,KFC, Subway, Wendy ' s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was__(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it wassignificantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week' s time, they again chose __(50)__ rewar after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada ' sTorontoUniversity, said: fo “odFraesptresents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.“ We ' rfeinding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a generalsense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling ( 狼吞虎咽 ) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all. ” 41. A. hungryB. stressfulC. anxiousD. timid 42. A. recognizeB. investigateC. diagnoseD. recall 43. A. motivationB. appearanceC. emotionD. behaviour 44. A. commonB. unconsciousC. primaryD. temporary 45. A. preferencesB. implicationsC. ingredientsD. intentions 46. A. naturallyB. strikinglyC. fortunatelyD. personally 47. A. gainB. proofC. respondD. attention 48. A. concealedB. imposedC. editedD. marked 49. A. separateB. specialC. expensiveD. original 50. A. potentialB. constantC. intenseD. instant 51. A. cultivationB. resistanceC. satisfactionD. awareness 52. A. in terms ofB. on account ofC. regardless ofD. with respect to 53. A. In other wordsB. On the contraryC. For exampleD. In addition 54. A. promotingB. assumingC. insultingD. assessing 55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most in spiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said:“ The difference bet successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people. ” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understandingirght after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I afraid to say, it didn ' t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a privatesigning room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover? After90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught .For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,__(53)__, wa-elkffiincgiefnatswtehreisn time one is trying to make a meeting, but it“ Please grant me the words to touch just one person ' s life. ”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn ' t that moment, just when I couldn ' t ferseel ,anaymwidodle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed tohide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn ' t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. Thpelectouurned toeach other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “ I think we ' ll get the book began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“ The reason we ' re buying it, ” she said hesitantlye, our son co“mmisitbt e dcas u sicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it. ”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose . Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and soldwell, this couple ' s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks tothem, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _______ .A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word dis“traught ” (paragraph 4) probably means ___ .A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose ” ,the author probably means thatA. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone ' s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________A. sales in formatio n on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. on li ne shopp ing guideli nesD. a barcode on your phone61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he will probably n eed .A. iStudiez ProB. SelfCo ntrolC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To help college stude nts in crease lear ning efficie ncy.B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.C. To compare different types of online learning tools.D. To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms (生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity ( 多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naminglife forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris , for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris , we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical ( 分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hiera rchical structure of Linnaeus ' s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus ' s original groupings. The broadestislenveolwoaf lidfeomain.All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals , biologists recognize prokaryotes , protists , and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of avariety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not producetheir own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi .63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to ________ .A. demonstrate Linnaeus ' s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus ' s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical str ucture of Linnaeus ' s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus ' s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus ' s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists ?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus ' s Classification SystemSectio n CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more senten ces tha n you n eed.Stay ing young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan — a character from James Matthew Barrie ' s—911 book said: “ All childre n, except one, grow up. ” (67) ______________Accord ing to the NPD Group, a US market research compa ny, sales of toys to adults in the UK in creased by more tha n 20 perce nt in 2016, three times the pace of the childre n ' s toy market itself. These toys ran ged from puzzles and Lego build ing sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more tha n half of the sales came from mille nn ials —people born betwee n the 1980s and 2000s.“ Adults of the 21st cen tury are cha nn eli ng their inner child, one toy at a time, ” com Koreaboo. (68) _______________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today -pasdedlworld. They are drive n toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toysthan those brought by, say, getti ng a promoti on, which is far less easy to achieve. "It rem playful side of life, ” Rob Wi-nair-®l25PhD stude nt in the UK, told The Telegraph whe n talki ngabout his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and en terta inment.(69) _______________ To Frank Furen di, a professor at the Un iversity of Kent in the UK, the fact thatso many adults are purs uing “ the thrills of youth ” is the evide nee that “ adulthood has got rabout it anymore ” , he told The New York Times. “ That ' s actually quite sad. ”(70) _______________ A ccord ing to Can adia n comic book artist Todd McFarla ne, collect ing toys couldsimply be a way for people to express their individuality. " It ' s just pop culture stuff. Itlike a little of this and I like a little of that ' , ” he told ABC News. " It ' s no big deal.years have passed since Peter Pan, perlaps it ' s time to introduce a new “ fact ” , as stated in the tagline o' UK fashi on brand KIDULT: “ Grow ing crtdaiisdatory (强制的),but grow ing up is opti on al. ”IV . Summary WritingDirections : Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more tha n 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it —and a child suffers.we d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our bus in ess to in terve ne(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn 't itpast without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism ( “How dare you treat your child like that? ”) and hdeolnpefuilninatecravrei n gtiownay ( “It canbe really hard to meet their needs when you 're so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and in experie need to sta nd up for themselves. That emoti onal abuse(虐待)leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child of anger asndfeferluinsgtrsation were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。

2018届上海市徐汇区高考英语一模(含问题详解)

2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟）2017.12考生注意：1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写。

I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question youhave heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale.C. A banquet.D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes.B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time.B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks toomuch.B. She doesn ’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly. 6. A. She doesn ’t want to have a birthday party.B. She doesn ’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn ’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn ’t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D.The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terriblyhot. B. Last summer was even hotter. C. Hot weather helps people loseweight. D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10.A. She would rather invite more people to come.B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C.The family members always eat a lot.第1 页 / 共 17 页实用标准文档微信公众号：试卷D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. She was born in a poor family.B.She worked as a doctor in her early life.C.She spent her whole life in London.D.She decided to help the poor when she was young.12.A. Because of the poor living conditions.B.Because she was sent to a settlement house.C.Because of her health problem.D.Because her family moved to another city.13.A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B.She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C.She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D.She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B.They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C.They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D.They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B.He is a huge fan of international stories.C.He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D.He is an advocate for environmental protection.18.A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among differentpolitical parties.19.A. Based on what the public wants to know.B.By interviewing people who have stories.C.By analyzing the current social problems.第2 页 / 共 17 页D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20.A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide)secrets in the masterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect tofind a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas Citysaid they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings,Vincent van Gogh’s OliveTrees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields.What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第 3 页 / 共 17 页Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could“reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),”Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,”Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains — McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.”The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food__(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In otherwords B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of thatunderstanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the bookcover? After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutelydistraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,“Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58.W hat can be inferred from paragraph 5?A.The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B.The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C.The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D.The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59.By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that __________.A.he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB.he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC.he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD.he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)The truth of our modern times is that you probably won’t find a student who does not use mobile applications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needs most, but there are still some mobile “helpers” no student should live without.Raise —Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raise mobile app.Beforeyou buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see if there are any discounted gift cardsyou can buy to make your dollar go farther. Once you purchase a card, you can instantly use it online or in stores by showing the barcode on your phone —no need to worry about forgetting your gift cards at home.iStudiez Pro —For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a full schedule, iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help you organize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best app for students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightful user experience.SelfControl —College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! They always need to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood with the world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControl application has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract you from studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture is finished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!Mint —It’s an easy-to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates on how much you’ve been spending. It also lets you know what you’ve been spending your money on by organizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after using the app for a while).LifeSite Vault —Parents struggle to make sure their college students have access to key personal documents and accounts, like Social Security numbers and bank account information.That’s where LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents “safe but accessible.” For example, with LifeSite Vault, users can upload everything from their SocialSecurity cards to passports and birth certificates or upload a picture of a medical insurance card.60.The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61.If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself fromoverspending, he will probably need _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62.What is the main purpose of this passage?A.To help college students increase learning efficiency.B.To recommend some helpful applications to students.C.To compare different types of online learning tools.D.To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms.Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63.The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A.demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB.introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC.criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD.illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B.Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C.Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D.Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65.W hich of the following is TRUE about protists?A.They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B.They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C.They are limited to single-cell organisms.D.They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66.W hich of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Father of Modern TaxonomyB.Classifying OrganismsC.Development in Life FormsD.Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many say collecting toys creates a sense of accomplishment.B.This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.C.But scientists are probably just worrying too much.D.But thi s “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world anymore.E.At one point in our life, we all had and loved our own toys.F.Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan — a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book — said: “All children, except one, grow up.” (67)________________ According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself.These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,”commented website Koreaboo. (68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that“adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.” So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers.We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have。

2018年上海市各区一模英语试卷及解析整编

Section B
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.
11. A. two terms.
B. three terms.
C. four terms.
12. A. because he had been a policeman.
B. because he earned a law degree in a night school.
C. because they had formed a good opinion of him.
D. because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.
B. highly motivated students usually do well in college.
C. successful college students are usually intelligent.
D. a successful college motivates its students.
B. the vacation plan.
C. getting up early in the morning.
D. possible heavy traffic.
9. A. interested.
B. fascinated.
C. hostile.
D. reluctant.
10. A. intelligence determines admission to college.
17. A. she has made an attempt to become pregnant.

2018宝山区高三英语一模卷答案

宝山区2018学年第一学期期末高三英语参考答案及评分标准参考答案1—5 CADCD 6—10 BDBDC 11—15 DCDCB 16—20 AABDC21.is occupied 22. why 23.killed 24. rescued 25. bigger26. to make 27. being 28. that 29. engaging 30. that/which 31.D 32. A 33. F 34. G 35. I 36. E 37. K 38. C 39. H 40. J41—55 CABDA CBDCA BCDAC56—59 ADAB 60—62 CBD 63—66 BCCD 67—70 DCEB71.It is about an inspiring rescuing a dolphin Winter found trapped in ropes by a fisherman. Badly injured, she had to be transferred to an aquarium where doctors saved her but her damaged tail was removed. Luckily, a specialist Kevin designed an artificial tail for her, helping her swim normally again.(51words)72.Don’t judge a person based on his appearance when making friends.73. After he suffered a serious illness, he realized that life is priceless.74. The 2018 Shanghai International Import Expo shows innovative ideas, meanwhile it promotes free trade.75.No matter where you travel, you should respect the local customs and habits, which will help you become a civilized traveller.评分标准（一）概要写作评分标准：2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。

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【2018-宝山区一模】Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look ____31____ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a ____32____ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals ____33____ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate, behaving like young cells.The discovery has the ___34_____ to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, “This is a first step in trying to make people live ___35_____ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to ____36____ to old cells.”Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the ____37____ and rapidity of the changes in the cells.“When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish ___38_____ I couldn’t believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic,” she said. “I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rejuvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.”As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or ____39____ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the ____40____ for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.31. I 32. B 33. H 34. D 35. C 36. J 37. A 38. E 39. G 40. F【2018-崇明区一模】Section BCompany Builds World’s First Automobile V ending Machine（自动贩卖机）Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their __31__ car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely __32__ a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) __33__ point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling __34__ pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get __35__ tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the the __36__ of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win __37__ that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead（间接费用）, and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great __38__ experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot（硬币投币口）and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s __39__ is to create a better way to buy a car, and this n ew Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kindexperience, __40__ just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.31. E 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. J 36. G 37. A 38. K 39. F 40. H【2018-奉贤区一模】Section BThere’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) __31__ creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in __32__ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most __33__ insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’ __34__ in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, __35__ wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can __36__ the view of their wings,” S imon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a __37__, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as t he wings __38__ their direction at the end of each。

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