数学词汇中英对照

数学词汇中英对照

初等数学elementary mathematics

高等数学higher mathematics

现代数学modern mathematics

基础数学basic mathematics

应用数学applied mathematics

计算数学computational mathematics

复变函数论theory of functions of a complex variable 实变函数论theory of functions of a real variable

泛函分析functional analysis

数理逻辑mathematical logic

数理统计mathematical statistics

常微分方程ordinary differential equation

偏微分方程partial differential equation

数理方程equation of mathematical physics

代数拓扑学algebraic topology

集合论set theory

拓扑空间topological

概率论probability

随机过程stochastic process

李群Lie group

数论number theory

图论graph theory

编码理论coding theory

混沌理论chaotic theory

一般词汇

数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理axiom

定理theorem

计算calculation

运算operation

证明prove

假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)

命题proposition

算术 arithmetic

加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)

被加数augend, summand

加数addend

和sum

减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数minuend

减数subtrahend

差remainder

乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数multiplicand, faciend

乘数multiplicator

积product

除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)

被除数dividend

除数divisor

商quotient

等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to

大于is greater than

小于is lesser than

大于等于is equal or greater than

小于等于is equal or lesser than

运算符operator

数字digit

数number

自然数natural number

整数integer

小数decimal

小数点decimal point

分数fraction

分子numerator

分母denominator

比ratio

正positive

负negative

零null, zero, nought, nil

十进制decimal system

二进制binary system

十六进制hexadecimal system 权weight, significance

进位carry

截尾truncation

四舍五入round

下舍入round down

上舍入round up

有效数字significant digit

无效数字insignificant digit

代数 algebra

公式formula, formulae(pl.)

单项式monomial

多项式polynomial, multinomial

系数coefficient

未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation

一次方程simple equation

二次方程quadratic equation

三次方程cubic equation

四次方程quartic equation

不等式inequation

阶乘factorial

对数logarithm

指数，幂exponent

乘方power

二次方，平方square

三次方，立方cube

四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power

开方evolution, extraction

二次方根，平方根square root

三次方根，立方根cube root

四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth root

集合aggregate

元素element

空集void

子集subset

交集intersection

并集union

补集complement

映射mapping

函数function

定义域domain, field of definition

值域range

常量constant

变量variable

单调性monotonicity

奇偶性parity

周期性periodicity

图象image

数列，级数series

微积分calculus

微分differential

导数derivative

极限limit