兵马俑英文介绍 PPT课件
秦始皇陵兵马俑英语介绍ppt课件作品
Ranks of terracotta infantrymen.
A rank of soldiers. One of the soldiers on the left is missing his head, a result of the fact that the statues were made in pieces and then assembled.
Pit 1 the largest excavation pit of the Terracotta Army.
62 meters
5 meters
14,260 squarmeters
10 walls
11 corridors
Pit 1 the largest excavation pit of the Terracotta Army.
Diagram of the museum
Pits
There are four main pits associated with the terracotta army.These pits are located about 1.5 km east of the burial mound and are about 7 metres deep. The army is placed as if to protect the tomb from the east, where all the Qin Emperor's conquered states lay. Pit one, which is 230 metres long and 62 metres wide, contains the main army of more than 6,000 figures
兵马俑英文简介
兵马俑英文Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses MuseumEmperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Y an, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture.They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.E mperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of XiyangVillage of Y anzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks.。
秦始皇兵马俑英文介绍
秦始皇兵马俑英文介绍The Terracotta Army or the Terracotta Warriors and Horses is a collection of life-size terracotta statues that were buried with the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, to protect him in the afterlife. The army is part of a massive mausoleum that was constructed over 2,000 years ago in Xi'an, China.The Terracotta Army consists of more than 8,000 figures, including soldiers, chariots, and horses arranged in battle formations. Each statue is unique, with distinct facial features, hairstyles, and clothing depending on their rank and position in the army.The construction of the Terracotta Army began in 246 BC and lasted for 36 years, involving thousands of workers and artisans. The statues were created using a process of mold-making and firing, with each individual statue being painted and polished by hand.The discovery of the Terracotta Army in 1974 by local farmers was a significant archaeological breakthrough, providing valuable insights into the military, social, and political structures of the Qin dynasty, as well as their artistic achievements.Today, the Terracotta Army is a popular tourist attraction and a symbol of China's cultural heritage. It has also been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site and remains one of the most iconic and impressive archaeological finds in the world.。
英文介绍陕西的名胜古迹PPT课件
. according to historical 7
壶口瀑布Hukou Waterfalls
It is China‘s second Great Falls.
大唐芙蓉园 Tang
Paradise
.
10
Shaanxi museum of history
.
陕西 历史 博物 馆
11
西安钟楼
Bell tower
The bell tower has a
long history, is located
in Xi'an is central.
.
12
• 榆林 白云山
SHAANXI
用英语介绍陕 西特色的*-*
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
.
1
陕
Sha 西
anx i
地
域 region
distri-
分 bution
map 布
图
.
2
名胜古迹
Place of historical interest
.
3
Terra-cotta Army is one of seven wonders of the world. It is very magnificent and spectacular.(宏 伟和壮观)
.
8
The city wall
大雁塔 The big wild goose pagoda
.
9
The Tang style of ancient buildings in the construction scale of the first, is the world's largest buildings.
兵马俑ppt英文版ppt课件
dagger-axe 戈
Sword 剑
crossbow 弩
spear 矛
烧伤病人的治疗通常是取烧伤病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
烧伤病人的治疗通常是取烧伤病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
variety
1、The general warriors将军俑 2、Car warriors and driver车士和驭手 3、Shoot warriors （standing）立射俑 4、Shoot warriors （ kneeling）跪射俑 5、 Warrior figure武士俑 6、Cavalry warriors 骑兵俑 7、The horse warriors马俑 8、Weapon warriors兵器
PIT NO.1
PIT NO.3
烧伤病人的治疗通常是取烧伤病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
烧伤病人的治疗通常是取烧伤病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
烧伤病人的治疗通常是取烧伤病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
Manufacture technology
Make broad outline
兵马俑中英文介绍2
They are using combat weapon and long weapon.Standing archery figurines立射俑位于阵表，身着轻装战袍，束发挽髻，腰系革带，脚蹬方口翘尖履，装束轻便灵活。
秦始皇时代射击的技艺已发展到很高的水平，各种动作已形成一套规范的模式，并为后世所承袭。
On the outside of array there have Standing archery figurines, wearing a light shirt, hair bind ina bun, tied with leather belt,wearing square toe shoes. They wearing light. From the action, they shoot technology is mature.Kneeling archery figurinesLocated in the middle of the array, together with Standing archery figurines formed a crossbow militia ranks. He is wearing a shirt, outside wearing armor, his left leg squatting, right knee touchdown, upper body turn slightly to the left, hands on the right side of the body on one with the cheap arcuate, showinga solo practice with bow.Standing archery figurines铠甲将军俑体魄丰满魁伟，他的前胸、后背以及双肩，共饰有八朵彩色花结，华丽多采，飘逸非凡，衬托其等级、身份，以及在军中的威严。
兵马俑中英文介绍
兵马俑中英文介绍The Terracotta Army: A Captivating Legacy of China's First EmperorThe Terracotta Army, also known as the Terracotta Warriors, is a remarkable archaeological discovery that has captured the imagination of people around the world. This incredible collection of life-size statues was created to guard the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China, and is a testament to the ingenuity and craftsmanship of ancient Chinese civilization.Discovered in 1974 by local farmers near the city of Xi'an in Shaanxi province, the Terracotta Army is a stunning sight to behold. The army consists of thousands of meticulously crafted soldiers, chariots, and horses, each one unique in its design and expression. The sheer scale of the excavation site is awe-inspiring, with three major pits containing the majority of the discovered figures.The Terracotta Army is believed to have been created around 210-209 BCE, during the Qin Dynasty, which was the first dynasty to unify China under a single ruler. Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of this dynasty, was a powerful and ambitious leader who sought to establish a lasting legacy. The construction of his massive tombcomplex, which includes the Terracotta Army, was a testament to his desire for eternal power and influence.The creation of the Terracotta Army was a monumental undertaking, involving thousands of skilled artisans and laborers. Each warrior was crafted with incredible attention to detail, with unique facial features, hairstyles, and expressions. The soldiers were arranged in a strategic formation, with archers, infantry, and cavalry units, as well as chariots and other military equipment, all poised for battle.One of the most remarkable aspects of the Terracotta Army is the level of craftsmanship and attention to detail displayed in the creation of each figure. The warriors were not mass-produced, but rather individually sculpted, with each one possessing its own unique characteristics. This attention to detail is evident in the intricate facial features, the detailed armor and weaponry, and the subtle differences in the positioning and posture of the figures.The Terracotta Army also provides valuable insights into the military and social structure of ancient China. The arrangement of the figures, with different units and ranks, suggests a highly organized and disciplined military force. Additionally, the presence of non-military figures, such as acrobats and musicians, indicates that the army was not solely focused on warfare, but also included elements of entertainment and cultural expression.The discovery of the Terracotta Army has had a profound impact on our understanding of ancient Chinese history and culture. The sheer scale and complexity of the site have led to ongoing research and excavation, with new discoveries being made regularly. The Terracotta Army has become a symbol of China's rich cultural heritage and a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of its people.In conclusion, the Terracotta Army is a captivating and awe-inspiring legacy of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang. Its remarkable craftsmanship, strategic arrangement, and cultural significance continue to fascinate and inspire people around the world. As we delve deeper into the mysteries of this ancient wonder, we gain a deeper appreciation for the enduring legacy of China's past and the enduring power of human creativity and innovation.。
兵马俑ppt英文版
Shoot warriors （ kneeling）
Unearthed in the east of pit NO.2,held the crossbow as their weapon。Wear the armor，left leg squat and curve，right knee touchdown。
4、Shoot warriors （ kneeling）跪射俑
5、 Warrior figure武士俑 6、Cavalry warriors 骑兵俑
7、The horse warriors马俑
8、Weapon warriors兵器
The general warriors
only a few, less than 10 pieces, trimmed with eight flower colors at back 、 chest and shoulders, decorated colorful, elegant, gorgeous, foil the level, particularly status and the prestige in the military
Located in army center
The warriors of ordinary soldiers, as the subject of army, excavated a lot, divided into two categories, namely shirt warriors and armor warriors. They as the main combat forces among army distributed throughout.
general
senior
兵马俑简介(英文)
Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line ofwarriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use ofEmperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.。
兵马俑英文介绍
Terra-cotta warriors and horsesXi'an is famous throughout the world for life-sized terra-cotta warriors and horses. They have won fam e as one of the greatest archaeological finds of this century. Back in 1974, while digging a well to fight dr ought, some farmers from Lintong county, about thirty kilometers east of Xi'an, unearthed some brown potte ry fragments, which led to the great discovery of the executed terra-cotta legions as an exterior section of th e mausoleum, of Qin Shi Huang or First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty (255-210B. C.)Details of Qin Shi Huang's tomb can be traced in The Historical Records (compiled by Sima Qian) and legends about it have been widespread. However, for technical reasons, the major part of the tomb remains unexcavated today with its mound still standing 76 meters high against the slopes of Mt. Lishan and facing the Huishui River.After 20 years of careful excavation three underground vaults officially opened to the public in 1979, 1 989, and 1994 respectively, displaying thousands of terra-cotta warriors, horses and chariots, all arranged in battle formations.Vault 1, built with earth and timber, measures 210 meters long, 60 meters wide and 4.6 to 6.5 meters high. In this area of 12, 600 square meters, six thousand life-sized warriors and horses of terra-cotta were f ound in rectangular battle formation. The troops were of a fairly uniform height of 1.8 meters. They wear h elmets and armor and carry real bows and arrows, swords, lances, javelins and crossbows in their hands. Ea ch chariot, made of wood, is drawn by a team of four horses, 1. 5 meters in height. Three rows of infantry men make up the vanguard of the formation, and these are followed by the main body of the army, 38 row s of troops. There are also flank columns and rearguards. The array breathes the power of Qin Shi Huang's army.Vault 2 is approximately one half vault I in size, housing nearly a thousand pottery warriors. Compared with Vault 1, these warriors are of a larger variety and arranged in more complex battle array. Unlike Vau lt 1, the war chariots and infantrymen are arranged separately in four square formations which are linked to one another in a polygon. Again, however, the warriors carry real weapons. The projecting part of the poly gon consists of archers, either standing or kneeling, with crossbows or handbows and quivers and so appears to be the vanguard of the phalanx.The archers are followed by a unit of cavalrymen to the left and one of chariots to the right, forming t he two wings of the phalanx. Infantrymen and war chariots bring up the rear. Each chariot drawn by four h orses has1l driver and two assistants, one on either side. The charioteers are armored and carry spears, swor ds and crossbows, Indicating that they could engage in long-range battles, short-range fighting and hand-to-ha nd combat. All the cavalrymen carry crossbows, a sign that shooting on horseback was a common practice i n the army at that time.From among the chariots a robust and unusually tall figure at 1. 95 meters has been unearthed. His ar mor is interlinked and overlapped with finer metal pieces than that of the common soldiers, and he is believ ed to be a high-ranking commander of the 1egion.Vault 3 is a modest building more resembling a gallery. It has 69 pottery warriors with defensive weap ons and a wooden chariot pulled by four magnificent horses. The structure of the gallery and the line-up of the soldiers suggest that this was likely the headquarters of the troops of Vault 1 and 2.However, the commander is missing. Many archaeologists believe that since the underground army repre sents the emperor's garrison under his direct command, no marshal was necessary.Altogether ten thousand pieces of actual weaponry have been unearthed from the three vaults, including arrow-heads, swords, spears and halberds. Two long-handled swords dug out recently are still sharp and glea ming despite their burial for more than two thousand years. Some bronze arrow-heads from Vault 2 are 41 cm in length and 100 grams in weight. They are the biggest bronze weapons excavated in China. Important to the study of Qin technology was the discovery of bronze arrow-heads and swords treated with a preserv ative that has prevented erosion for 22 centuries. Chemical analysis revealed the sword to have been cast of an alloy of copper, tin and various other elements, including nickel, magnesium, and cobalt. The arrow-hea ds which contain 7.71 percent lead are considered by archaeologists to be the world's most poisonous.Experts expect future discoveries to unearth even more amazing art treasures. But they warn that it may require the efforts of one or two generations to recover the entire tomb complex of Emperor Qin Shi Huan g.The three vaults are well preserved in three modern constructions, each with an arched dome and a cor ridor along the side of the vault so that visitors may overlook the restored figures of warriors, horses and c hariots in their original formations. Vault 2 is equipped with devices for regulating temperature, lighting and air humidity.。