2019届高三二轮专题复习综合测试题(十)
2019届高三第二次理综考试卷 含答案10.24
2019届高三第二次理综考试卷可能用到的常用原子质量：N—14 O—16 Cu—64 Ni—59第Ⅰ卷（选择题共126分）一、选择题（本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求）1．下图是植物细胞中A TP合成与分解示意图，下列相关叙述错误的是（）A．能量1可能来自有机物的氧化分解B．图中能量2来自①和②被水解的过程C．如果能量1只来自光能，那么能量2只能用于C3的还原D．如果①、②都被水解，则水解的产物中有合成RNA的原料2．下列有关生物学实验的叙述，正确的是（）A．探究酵母菌的呼吸方式可以用是否产生二氧化碳来予以确定B．在色素的提取和分离实验中，胡萝卜素在层析液中的溶解度最低，扩散速度最快C．在“观察洋葱根尖有丝分裂”和“观察细胞中RNA和DNA分布”实验中加入盐酸的作用不同D．探索淀粉酶对淀粉和蔗糖作用的专一性时，可用碘液替代斐林试剂进行鉴定3．细胞作为生命活动的基本单位，其结构和功能高度统一．下列有关叙述正确的有（）①卵细胞体积较大有利于和周围环境进行物质交换，为胚胎早期发育提供养料；②哺乳动物成熟的红细胞表面积与体积之比相对较大，有利于提高气体交换效率；③小肠绒毛上皮细胞内有大量的线粒体，有助于物质运输的能量供应；④哺乳动物成熟精子中细胞质较少，有利于精子运动．A．一项B．二项C．三项D．四项4、下列关于①—⑦物质与结构在各种生物中的存在的叙述，不正确的是（）①核酸②蛋白质③叶绿体④核膜⑤核糖体⑥细胞膜⑦细胞壁A. ①、②在噬菌体、大肠杆菌、衣藻、草履虫体内都存在B. ⑤、⑥、⑦在大肠杆菌和衣藻体内都存在C. ①-⑦在衣藻体内都存在D. ①-⑦中除③以外，其余的在衣藻和草履虫体内都存在5．如图表示在有氧条件下某高等植物体内有关的生理过程示意图，①～⑤表示有关过程，X、Y、Z和W表示相关物质。
请据图判断下列说法错误的是()A．X、Y、Z物质分别表示C3、丙酮酸和ATPB．①～⑤过程中能产生A TP的有①②③④C．②⑤过程分别表示C3的还原和CO2的固定D．光合速率小于呼吸速率时，④过程产生的CO2会释放到细胞外6.下图所示的渗透装置中，开始时的液面高度为a，停止上升时的高度为b，若每次停止上升后都将玻璃管中高出烧杯液面的部分吸出，则a、b液面间的高度差与吸出蔗糖溶液的次数之间的关系是()7.化学与生活密切相关,下列说法正确的是( )A.含有食品添加剂的食物对人体健康均有害B.普通玻璃和氮化硅陶瓷都属于新型无机非金属材料C.大力推广应用燃煤脱硫技术,可减少硫氧化物对空气的污染,同时可制得石膏产品D.为消除碘缺乏病,政府规定在食盐中必须添加一定量的KI8.设N A为阿伏加徳罗常数的数値,下列说法正确的是( )A.0.2 mol NaHSO4晶体中含有的阳离子数为0.2N AB.向1L的密闭容器中充入46g NO2气体,容器中气体的分子数为N AC.6.4g铜与足量的硫单质混合加热,转移电子的数目为0.2N AD.标准状况下,2.24L SO3中含有0.1N A个SO3分子9. X、Y、Z、W、M五种元素的原子序数依次增大。
2019年高三第二次教学质量检测试题文综答案
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【语文】江西省丰城四中2019届高三下学期二轮复习测试试题(解析版)
江西省丰城四中2019届高三下学期二轮复习测试语文试题一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
虽然有关《诗经》如何成书的问题仍待细究，但我们有理由认定，“王官采诗”的说法值得注意。
“采诗”是从上古传下的制度，周王朝的统治者派出专门人员到各地采集歌谣，以此观风俗、察得失。
也正因为如此，《诗经》作为“王官学”的重要组成部分，是贵族教育和培养体系中的一门课程和一部教材，它能够在贵族子弟尚未广泛深入接触社会之前，丰富和健全他们的知识和情感。
孔子在谈到读《诗经》的益处时，特别提到它可使读者“多识于鸟兽草木之名”，足见已将《诗经》当作一部博物学著作甚至百科全书来看待。
《汉书·艺文志》著录的《毛诗故训传》对诗中提及的动植物加以注解，这为人们理解《诗经》及产生它的时代提供了一种路径。
受前贤著述启发，三国吴人陆玑撰成《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》，不仅提拈出《诗经》中动植物的名称，还附述其样貌、形态、功用和生长环境，有时更综合对比不同地域的不同称呼以丰富人们对该物之认知。
比如《秦风・蒹葭》中第一句“蒹葭苍苍”，陆疏云：“蒹，水草也。
坚实，牛食之令牛肥强。
青、徐州人谓之蒹，兖州、辽东通语也。
葭，一名芦菼，一名薍，薍或谓之荻，至秋坚成，则谓之萑，其初生三月中，其心挺出，其下本大如箸，上锐而细，扬州人谓之马尾，以今语验之，则芦薍别草也。
”明人毛晋据陆疏所作《毛诗陆疏广要》，其中辨蒹、葭之别，并录别名十五种。
如此详细的分辨考证，既存注疏者本人的见闻，也有他们思考判断（“验之”）后所得出的结论。
在这类路径的解析之下，《诗经》成了一种“博物志”。
很显然，熟读《诗经》者更易成为博识之人，但绝非仅仅识于“物”而已，先秦以至后世的贵族，还会依据《诗经》所述来传递信息、理解隐义，因识于“事”而做到“迩之事父，远之事君”。
汉代的刘向在《说苑》中就记录了一则与《诗经》有关的“父慈子孝”的故事，魏文侯将自己不太钟爱的太子击封于中山，三年间都很少往来，一次太子击遣舍人赵仓唐向文侯进献礼物，文侯问太子平常读什么书，赵答《诗经》，文侯又问太子读哪些篇章，赵答《晨风》《黍离》。
2019年高三第二次综合练习理综物理含答案
2019年高三第二次综合练习理综物理含答案xx．5本试卷共16页，共300分。
考试时长150分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
以下数据可供解题时参考：可能用到的相对原子质量：本部分共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
13．下列四种现象中与光的干涉有关的是A．雨后空中出现彩虹B．肥皂泡的表面呈现彩色C．一束白光通过三棱镜后形成彩色光带D．一束白光通过很窄的单缝后在光屏上形成彩色光带14．图为氢原子的能级示意图。
现有大量的氢原子处于n=4的激发态，当这些氢原子向低能级跃迁时A．能发出3种不同频率的光B．能发出4种不同频率的光C．能发出5种不同频率的光D．能发出6种不同频率的光15．如图所示，一理想变压器原、副线圈的匝数比n1:n2=4:1，电阻R=55Ω。
原线圈两端接一正弦式交变电流，其电压的有效值为220V。
则原线圈中电流的大小为A．0.25A B．1.0AC．4.0A D．16A16．某质点做简谐运动，其位移随时间变化的关系式为(cm)，则A．质点的振幅为16cmB．质点的振动周期为2sC．在0~1s内，质点的速度逐渐减小D．在1~2s内，质点的动能逐渐减小17．如图1所示，矩形线圈位于一变化的匀强磁场内，磁场方向垂直线圈所在的平面（纸面）向里，磁感应强度B随时间t的变化规律如图2所示。
用I表示线圈中的感应电流，取顺时针方向的电流为正。
则图3中的I-t图像正确的是18．2013年12月2日1时30分，嫦娥三号探测器由长征三号乙运载火箭从西昌卫星发射中心发射，首次实现月球软着陆和月面巡视勘察。
嫦娥三号的部分飞行轨道示意图如图所示。
假设嫦娥三号在圆轨道和椭圆轨道上运动时，只受到月球的万有引力。
下列说法中正确的是A．嫦娥三号沿椭圆轨道从P点运动到Q点的过程中，速度逐渐变小B．嫦娥三号沿椭圆轨道从P点运动到Q点的过程中，月球的引力对其做负功C．若已知嫦娥三号在圆轨道上运行的半径、周期和引力常量，则可计算出月球的密度D．嫦娥三号在椭圆轨道经过P点时和在圆形轨道经过P点时的加速度相等19．在课堂中，老师用如图所示的实验研究平抛运动。
专题十+世界政治文明的演进发展与国家治理+课件--2025届高三统编版(2019)历史二轮专题复习
3．视角：文官制度与政治管理 (2024·江苏百校高三联考)英国首相撒切尔曾评价某项政治制度，它这 种纯粹的职业性还是非常有理由值得其他实行不同制度的国家嫉妒的 ——它能让政府在交替过程中产生的脱节减到最小并保持最高效率。这一 制度( ) A．创立于 17 世纪晚期 B．彰显了选举制度的公正性 C．消除了政党更替动荡 D．实现了政治和管理的分离
佣劳动的制度
主要有君主立宪制和共和制两大类，英美分别是其典型代表； 政治
其中美国在国家结构方面还推行了联邦制
政党 大多形成两党制或多党制，定期选举、轮流执政
板块三 世界史
整体构架
命题分析
考向聚焦
专题强化练
3.历史理解——美国南北战争、俄国农奴制改革、日本明治维新的异
同
项目
美国南北战争 俄国农奴制改革 日本明治维新
为基 化上出现巨大转变的现象
明治维新期间，岩仓具视出访欧美，由传统发式与和式礼服转变 能力
为全身西式装扮，这反映了维新官员学习西方文化、习俗，积极 为重
践行“文明开化”。考查获取、解读信息和分析问题的能力
素养 从史料实证和历史解释角度看明治维新期间的文明开化
导向
答案 A
板块三 世界史
整体构架
命题分析
契约意义
板块三 世界史
整体构架
命题分析
考向聚焦
专题强化练
①国王或皇帝是名义上的最高统治者，与各级封建主联系起来成为统 影 治阶级 响 ②封建主在各自的领地内独立行使权力，政治上出现了不同程度的分
裂割据局面
板块三 世界史
整体构架
命题分析
考向聚焦
专题强化练
2.历史理解——资本主义制度的确立
制度
2019届高三第二次联考理科综合试题及答案
2019届高三第二次联考理科综合试题考试时间：150 分钟；试卷分值：300 分。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上；2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Ti 48一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题意。
1. 下列关于细胞结构和功能的叙述，错误的是A.多肽合成的场所核糖体由蛋白质和核糖核酸组成B.细胞壁、细胞膜分别是植物细胞和动物细胞的边界C.动物细胞正常有丝分裂过程离不开中心体的作用D.生物体内非相邻细胞间可以通过信息分子进行信息交流2. 下列关于酶的叙述，错误的是A.通过设置对比实验可以探究不同pH对某种酶活性的影响B.从胃蛋白酶的提取液中沉淀该酶可用盐析的方法C.增加某反应体系中酶的数量，反应速率会加快，最终产物浓度会增加D.酶不但可以作为一个反应的催化剂，还可以作为另一个反应的底物3. 洋葱是生物学实验的常用材料，其鳞片叶及根尖可用于不同的实验研究。
下列关于洋葱在实验中的应用，叙述错误的是A.运用质壁分离与复原实验，可估测洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞液的浓度B.提取洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞液泡中的紫色色素，可使用清水作溶剂C.观察高等植物细胞有丝分裂的过程，宜选取洋葱根尖分生区细胞D.利用洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞进行实验，可观察到线粒体和叶绿体4. 有关减数分裂和受精作用的叙述，正确的是A.在减数第一次分裂后期过程中，并非所有非等位基因发生自由组合B.受精过程中，精子和卵细胞的随机结合，会导致基因重组发生C.减数分裂结束后，产生的配子染色体数目减少，对生物的遗传不利D.雄果蝇体细胞中有4对染色体，经减数分裂得到的卵细胞有2对染色体5.激动素是一种细胞分裂素类植物生长调节剂。
2019届高考化学二轮复习羟醛缩合专题卷
羟醛缩合专题1、仔细体会下列有机合成过程中碳骨架的构建及官能团的引入和转化，完成下题：已知两个醛分子在NaOH溶液作用下可以发生加成反应，生成一种羟基醛：肉桂醛F（分子式为C9H8O）在自然界存在于桂油中，是一种常用的植物调味油，工业上主要是按如下路线合成的：已知：反应⑤为羟醛缩合反应。
请回答：（1）肉桂醛F的结构简式为：。
E中含氧官能团的名称为。
（2）反应①～⑥中符合原子经济性的是。
（3）写出下列转化的化学方程式：②，③。
写出有关反应的类型：②⑥。
（4）符合下列要求的E物质的同分异构体有种（苯环上有两个取代基，其中有一个甲基在对位且属于酯类）。
2、尼龙是目前世界上产量最大、应用范围最广、性能比较优异的一种合成纤维。
以X为原料合成尼龙-66的流程如下：已知部分信息如下：I．Z的化学式为C6H10O4。
Ⅱ．X和浓溴水反应产生白色沉淀。
Ⅲ．某些醛与醛之间能发生羟醛缩合反应，例如：RCHO+CH3CHO RCH（OH）CH2CHO RCH=CHCHO+H2O请回答下列问题：（1）X的化学名称为___ ____。
W的结构简式为___ ____。
T的分子式为___ ______。
（2）反应②的条件为_____ _____。
（3）写出反应④的化学方程式______ _____。
反应⑤的类型为_____ ______。
（4）G是Z少一个碳原子的同系物，M是G的同分异构体。
M既能发生银镜反应和水解反应。
又能和碳酸氢钠反应产生气体，M的结构共有种，其中，在核磁共振氢谱上有3个峰的结构简式为___3、肉桂醛在食品、医药化工等方面都有应用。
（1）质谱分析肉桂醛分子的相对分子质量为132。
其分子中碳元素的质量分数为81.8%，其余为氢和氧。
分子中的碳原子数等于氢、氧原子数之和。
肉桂醛的分子式是。
（2）肉桂醛具有下列性质：请回答：①肉桂醛是苯的一取代物，核磁共振氢谱显示，苯环侧链上有三种不同化学环境的氢原子，其结构简式是。
2019届高考地理二轮复习循环递进卷专题综合地表形态试题含解析
地表形态一、单选题当河流流经地区的地壳运动是间歇性上升时，那么在地壳上升运动期间，河流以下切为主；在地壳相对稳定期间，河流以侧蚀和堆积为主，这样就在河谷两侧形成多级阶地。
克里雅河发源于昆仑山，向北汇入塔里木盆地的沙漠中。
下图为某科考队绘制的克里雅河出山口处河床至阶地剖面示意图。
据此回答下面小题。
1．低阶地表层沉积物分选性明显较高阶地差的原因是A．大陆性气候风速多变 B．径流量随季节变化明显C．沉积物质来源复杂 D．物理风化作用较强2．高阶地与中阶地相对高差和表面大小不同是由于地壳抬升的A．高度 B．速率 C．规模 D．年代3．科考队发现该地阶地下部存在古老的砾石沉积层，其原始地貌可能是A．风积沙丘 B．风蚀沟谷 C．冲（洪）积扇 D．三角洲大石河位于燕山褶皱带的西部，地质构造复杂，河流蜿蜒曲折，其中甲、乙、丙、丁四河段村庄都分布于河流北岸，但丁河段村庄经常遭受洪涝灾害。
下图为大石河不同河段河流流向、聚落分布和地层剖面图。
据此完成下列问题。
4．凉水泉至九道河泉河段河谷的主要成因是A．冰川侵蚀 B．流水溶蚀 C．背斜成谷 D．向斜成谷5．图示河段沉积物多的主要季节和沉积地貌最显著的分别是A．夏季、甲 B．夏季、乙 C．秋季、丙 D．秋季、丁6．对比甲、乙、丙三河段村庄的分布位置，丁河段村庄多洪涝灾害的主要原因是A．位于河流凹岸，雨季河流易决堤 B．位于河流凸岸，泥沙淤塞河道C．植被稀疏，河水含沙量大 D．河谷地势较低，排水不畅读某区域地貌景观，完成下面小题。
7．图中G地的地貌是( )A．冰斗 B．冲积扇C．三角洲 D．沙丘8．G地貌形成的外力作用是( )A．冰川侵蚀 B．流水侵蚀C．风力沉积 D．流水沉积2010年8月，浙江江郎山、广东丹霞山、江西龙虎山、贵州赤水、湖南崀山、福建泰宁等6个丹霞地貌，被捆绑列入《世界遗产名录》。
丹霞地貌是地质时期在内陆盆地沉积的红色砂砾岩，经内外力作用后构成的具有陡峭坡面的各种地貌形态。
广东省2019届高三语文二轮专题复习：文言文阅读10含答案
文言文阅读10二十四、阅读下面的文言文，完成后面的题目。
何铸字伯寿，余杭人。
登政和五年进士第，历官州县，入为诸王宫大小学教授、秘书郎。
御史中丞廖刚荐铸操履劲正，可备拾遗补阙之选。
即命对。
铸首陈：“动天之德莫大于孝，感物之道莫过于诚。
诚孝既至，则归梓宫于陵寝，奉两宫于魏阙，绍大业，复境土，又何难焉！”帝嘉纳之。
拜监察御史，寻迁殿中侍御史。
上疏论：“士大夫心术不正，徇虚以掠名，托名以规利。
言不由衷而首尾向背，行险自售而设意相倾者，为事君之失。
怀险巇之谋，行刻薄之政，轻儇不庄，慢易无礼者，为行己之失。
乞大明好恶，中饬中外，各务正其心术，毋或欺诞。
”盖有所指也。
先是，秦桧力主和议，大将岳飞有战功，金人所深忌，桧恶其异己，欲除之，胁飞故将王贵上变，逮飞系大理狱，先命铸鞫之。
铸引飞至庭，诘其反状。
飞袒而示之背，背有旧涅“尽忠报国”四大字，深入肤里。
既而阅实俱无验，铸察其冤，白之桧。
桧不悦曰：“此上意也。
”铸曰：“铸岂区区为一岳飞者？强敌未灭，无故戮一大将，失士卒心，非社稷之长计。
”桧语塞，改命万俟。
飞死狱中，子云斩于市。
桧衔铸。
时金遣萧毅、邢具瞻来议事，桧言：“先帝梓宫未反，太后銮舆尚迁朔方，非大臣不可祈请。
”乃以铸为端明殿学士，签书枢密院事为报谢使。
铸曰：“是行犹颜真卿使李希烈也，然君命不可辞。
”既返命，桧讽万俟使论铸私岳飞为不反，欲窜诸岭表，帝不从，止谪徽州。
时有使金者还，言金人问铸安在，曾用否。
于是复使知温州。
未几，以端明殿学士提举万寿观兼侍读，召赴行在，力辞。
乃再遣使金，使事秘而不传。
既归报，帝复许以大用，除资政殿学士、知徽州。
居数月，提举江州太平兴国宫。
卒，年六十五。
(选自《宋史·何铸列传》，有删改)(1)以下各组句子中，分别表明何铸“操履劲正”和“桧衔铸”的一组是()A．动天之德莫大于孝非大臣不可祈请B．言不由衷而首尾向背诘其反状C．铸岂区区为一岳飞者欲窜诸岭表D．失士卒心，非社稷之长计此上意也详细分析：选C。
2019届高三语文二轮复习作文审题立意特训10养浩然正气筑伟大中国含解析
养浩然正气，筑伟大中国1、阅读下面的材料,根据要求写作。
材料一“燃文化”是从腾讯视频2017 年暑期提出的“好时光一起燃”这一主题衍生而来的新型文化体。
它体现一种积极向上、充满阳光和热血的状态,包含了主动进取、热情踊跃、乐观果敢等正面健康的含义。
现实生活中,通常表现为年轻人不懈追求梦想,对现实生活充满希望,为了心中的目标,不断拼搏、努力奋斗。
——摘自网络材料二在越来越广泛的网络社交平台上,一种以自嘲、颓废、麻木生活方式为特征的“丧文化”正在部分青年群体中流行,伴随着“我差不多是个废人了”“其实并不是很想活”“漫无目的的颓废”“什么都不想干”“颓废到忧伤”等等话语,加之“葛优瘫”“懒猫瘫”等表情包的广泛流动,这种颓废的状态已经相当普遍。
——摘自网络材料三愿中国青年都摆脱冷气,只是向上走,不必听自暴自弃者流的话。
能做事的做事,能发声的发声。
有一分热,发一分光。
就令萤火一般,不必等候炬火。
——鲁迅《热风·随感录四十一》读了以上材料,你对鲁迅的话有了怎样的认识与感悟?请结合材料一、二的内容及含意写一篇不少于800字文章。
要求:选好角度,明确文体,自拟标题,不得抄袭,不能套作。
答案1答案：【优秀范文一】养浩然正气,筑伟大中国市场经济的高歌猛进,是否湮没了你的初心?“丧文化”肆意蔓延,是否摧毁了你的执念?“乱花渐欲迷人眼”的都市,是否迷乱了你的方向?此情此景,我们该何去何从?唯有养一身浩然正气,共筑伟大中国才可谓“王道”。
(反问、排比,引材料,出观点)当社会变为喧嚣浮躁的名利场;当佛系青年以“不争不抢”低调处世;当“葛优瘫”成为青年人的普遍姿态。
颓废便如厝火积薪,肆意生长,变成燎原。
实可悲哉!这是如今快速发展时代下衍生出的怪象,我们不得不为此感慨:“中国青年都摆脱冷气,只是向上走”的局面何时出现?王鼎铭在《碎琉璃》中写道:“时代像筛子,筛得每一个人流离失所,筛得少数人出类拔萃。
”时代的背景音是铮铮而鸣的,当人们醉心灯红酒绿,纸醉金迷的生活,他们必然为时代淘汰。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二(12页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二[一]Eudaimonia is an ancient Greek word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls(缺失) in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modern language:happiness.When we nowadays try to clearly express the purpose of our lives, it is the word “happiness” that we commonly turn to. We tell ourselves and others that the most important principle for our jobs, our relationships and the conduct of our day-to-day life is the pursuit of happiness. It sounds like an innocent enough idea, but too much reliance on the term means that we frequently unfairly tend to quit or, at least, heavily question a great many challenging but worthwhile situations. The ancient Greeks did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy;they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as “fulfilment”. What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled and—at the same time—under pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable (易怒的) mood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the word “happiness”to capture, for it s tricky to speak of being happy yet unhappy, or happy yet suffering. However, such a combination is readily accommodated within the respected and noble idea of Eudaimonia.The word encourages us to trust that many of life s most worthwhile projects will sometimes be in conflict with contentment, and yet will be worth pursuing. Properly exploring our professional talents, managing a household, keeping a relationship going, creating a new business venture or engaging in politics... none of these goals are likely to leave us cheerful and grinning on a daily basis. They will, in fact, involve us in all manner of challenges that will deeply exhaust and weaken us, provoke (激怒) and wound us. And yet we will perhaps, at the end of our lives, still feel that the tasks were worth undertaking. Through them, we ll have achieved something deeper and more interesting than happiness.With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a pain-free existence—and then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood. We ll know that we are trying to do something far more important than smile all the time:we re striving to do justice to our full human potential.1. What do we know about “Eudaimonia” from the passage?A. It was first created by two Greek philosophers.B. It has received a lot of attention from the public.C. It still has some shortfalls that need to be corrected.D. It was regarded as the purpose of life in ancient Greece.2.According to Paragraph 3, happiness.A.is opposite to fulfilmentB.is free from physical or mental painC. stresses the psychological differenceD. serves as a respected and noble life goal3.We learn from the passage that.A. aiming for happiness may lead to wrong self-blamingB. goals that wound and weaken us result in happinessC. challenges leading to contentment are worth undertakingD. feeling fulfilled means we should avoid tough situations4.The passage encourages the readers to.A. find fulfilment with all effortsB. seek for a pain-free existenceC. keep optimistic whatever happensD. balance happiness and suffering答案1.D 2.B 3.A 4.A[二]Comedy and PsychologyEarlier this year I did a part-time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian. I had performed a show, which wasn t originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn t understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.“Turn off your editor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child,”explained Ryan. “Don t try to be clever. Don t try too hard to be funny...and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That s what people want to see on stage.”Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like, “Wander around talking to others, but make sure that you re the lowest status person here.”I d say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes:Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind. Its main idea is that any self-directed intelligent system will need to correct its own fault. There s a risk that the occasional error will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we d be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.Here s a joke in the book:Two fish are in a tank. One says to the other, “Do you know how to drive this thing?”It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing—that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in—and, just in time, the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong—it s a heavy vehicle. For correctly figuring out the error, we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling. The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reaction, and comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny bone in order to make us laugh.Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn t help us that much as a comedian. During one exercise in the course, four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, andI brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like out-of-control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrollable fits of laughter. As a performer, I ll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny. But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment.1. Why did the author attend the comedy course?A. He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice.B. He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy.C. He worried about how other performers would find him.D. He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.2.Ryan required the people on the comedy course to.A. copy their favorite performanceB. imagine other people s reactionsC. help themselves feel comfortableD. behave in a more playful manner3. What is the purpose of the joke mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. To discuss what humor brings about exactly.B. To give an example of another kind of humor.C. To prove the point about psychology of humor.D. To show why some people are funnier than others.4. What view does the author put forward in the end?A. Visual humor is what appeals to people most.B. What people find funny is often unpredictable.C. Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken.D. Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task.答案1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B[三]Dear child,Take a seat. Daddy has something to share with you. I would like us to have a heart-to-heart—even though, over the years, you have slowly broken mine. Oh shut up;you so have! If you go out and ask any mother or father out there, I guarantee they ll say the same thing:All children break their parents hearts. It s just what children do. In fact, it s what Daddy s own mother continues to remind him still, to this very day, every time they speak on the phone.In your baby years, you vomited(呕吐), pooped and peed all over me. In your teen years, you came home from parties and vomited red wine all over my already-dirty carpets. There was a time you experimented with drugs and all those things I hate. Where does the heartbreak end?Still, I want you to know you are loved, because various parenting magazines insist that s my responsibility to make you feel special and valued and so on. And of course Daddy loves you! Don t you see?And Daddy values you. Very much so. How could he not value you, when you, as a test-tube baby, cost so much to come into this world?Now you re old enough to hear the truth about parenting. And it s this:all kids annoy their parents. Like you, I started off adorable. Then I went through my weird-body-shape-and-acne years, lost all my cuteness, developed an attitude and never once did I apologize to my parents for stealing the best years of their lives. When you become a parent yourself, here are some parenting skills you might want to try that have been passed down from countless generations of angry Asians before me. Passive aggression is always welcome. Regular scream “I WISH YOU HAD NEVER BEEN BORN” w ill help keep your own kid s self-respect in check. But whatever happens, ensure you earn enough money in your adult life. Then give it to me, so I can go on expensive international tours. If you do this I promise I ll stop complaining and leave you alone, because we both know that s what we really want. Love you lots, Cutie-Pie.Daddy1.The letter is probably written to.A. a young adultB. a little babyC. a parentD. a grandparent2.The letter discusses all the topics EXCEPT.A. babyhoodB. teenage problemsC. parentingD. death3.According to the letter, the author.A. used to take drugsB. regrets getting marriedC. broke his parents heartsD.was born as a test-tube baby4. Why does the author write the letter?A. To ask his child to earn more money.B. To encourage his child to be independent.C. To communicate to his child love and hope.D. To stop his child from being a troublemaker.答案1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C[四]Four years ago, we asked ourselves: what if we could create a shopping experience with no waiting in line and no checkout? Or could we create a physical store where customers could simply take what they want and go? Our answer to those questions is Amazon Go, where you could experience the idea of “just walk out shopping”. Amazon Go is a new kind of store with no checkout required. We created the world s most advanced shopping technology, so you never have to wait in line. With our “just walk out shopping”experience, simply use the Amazon Go app to enter the store, take the products you want, and go! No lines, no checkout.Our checkout-free shopping experience is made possible by the same types of technologies used in self-driving cars: computer vision, sensor fusion, and deep learning. Our “just walk out technology” automatically detects when products are taken from or returned to the shelves and keeps track of them in your virtual cart. When you re done shopping, you can just leave the store. Shortly after, we ll charge your Amazon account and send you a receipt.We offer delicious ready-to-eat breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack options made fresh every day by our on-site chefs and favorite local kitchens and bakeries. Our selection of foodstuff ranges from bread and milk to cheeses and locally made chocolates. You ll find well-known brands we love, plus special finds we re excited to introduce to customers. For a quick home-cooked dinner, pick up one of our chef-designed Amazon Meal Kits, and you can make a meal for two in about 30 minutes.Our 1,800-square-foot shopping space is conveniently compact(紧凑的), so busy customers can get in and out fast. It is located at 2131,7th Ave, Seattle, WA, on the corner of 7th Avenue and Blanchard Street. All you need is an Amazon account, a supported smartphone, and the free Amazon Go app.Amazon Go is currently only open to Amazon employees in our testing program, and will be open to the public soon.1.From the passage, we can learn that Amazon Go.A.is a checkout-free storeB.sells all kinds of goodsC.is open to the publices unknown technologies2. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3?A. When Amazon Go charges.B. How Amazon Go works.C. Where Amazon Go lies.D. What Amazon Go sells.3.Customers pay for the products from Amazon Go by.A. paying cash at the counterB. walking out of the storeC. using their Amazon accountsD. scanning smartphones when leaving4.The main purpose of the passage is to.A. encourage people to shop onlineB. advise people to work for AmazonC. inform people of a new concept storeD. tell people the shopping experience答案1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C[五]The fight is on to get rid of air pollution in our cities. While the best solution in the long-term would be to ban fossil-fueled cars, that won t help the millions who are dying in the meantime, and so some high-tech solutions are now on the cards.In March 2016,ten London pigeons became famous. These pigeons were set free from Primrose Hill in north London, wearing backpacks monitoring air pollution. Once in the air, the backpacks sent live air-quality updates to the smartphones of the Londoners below.The pigeons and their backpacks were just the latest in a series of increasingly desperate attempts to monitor and control air pollution. London s air pollution problem has been getting worse for years, and it often rises to more than three times the European Union s legal limit.Another promising approach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “waragainst pollution”in 2014.A seven-metre-high “Smog Free Tower”, designed by a Dutch scientist, Daan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijing s 751D•Park in September 2016.It is a huge, outdoor air purifier. Airborne particles(颗粒)are sucked into the tower where they receive a positive charge. The particles are then caught by a negatively charged dust-removal plate and clean air is blown out of the other end. “Changing smog p articles does not take much current,” Roosegaarde said.As for what to do with the collected PM waste, he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste. Prince Charles owns a set of “smog free”cuff links(袖扣). If the waste is collected on a big scale, Roosegaarde believes it could even be used as a building material.Mexico City has an alternative solution. Looking to Nature to maximize the surface area of a building, Allison Dring, a Berlin-based architect, managed to catch light and wind from all sides. She is now making a building material by burning agricultural crop by-products in the absence of oxygen. “It means that you are actually taking carbon(碳)out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build,”says Dring.The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting. Even if none of the ideas take off, at least Prince Charles cuff links, the special building surface and pigeons wearing backpacks will have brought the issue more to the public s attention.1.The ten pigeons in London were used to.A. monitor air pollutionB. warn LondonersC. update weather forecastD. promote backpacks2. What can we learn about the Smog Free Tower?A. Its power consumption is high.B.PM waste from it can be reused.C. It is built of agricultural by-products.D. It can attract light and wind from all sides.3. What s the best title for the passage?A. When can humans get rid of smog?B. Why is technology used to fight smog?C. How are the world s cities fighting smog?D. What makes smog a worldwide problem?答案1.A 2.B 3.C[六]The British love word-play and they re enthusiastic about defending the use of their language. In recent years, books about the grammar, pronunciation and punctuation(标点符号)of English have been written by the dozen, and sold extremely well, reflecting people s love of the English language. People want to defend the “correct”use of their language, but also to preserve its ability to evolve along with society. Lynne Truss s book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is an excellent exampleof these two opposite ideas. Its title shows the way that punctuation can change the meaning of a sentence. “Eats shoots and leaves”is a perfectly normal description of a panda s diet: he eats the shoots and leaves of bamboo trees. But the position of the comma(逗号)turns those nouns into verbs, and makes up a ridiculous little story:the panda eats(his dinner), he shoots(a gun), and he leaves(the building). It s a silly joke, but it shows how changing something as simple as a comma can change the entire meaning of a sentence.Published in 2003, Eats, Shoots & Leaves was an unexpectedly huge success. It is easy to assume the typical reader of this kind of book as the humourless type. However, the book has sold thousands and thousands of copies—it must be appealing to a wide range of people. The book s winning secret is this: it makes some serious points about language and punctuation, but also has a light-hearted dimension, and uses stories and jokes to show its points. It has invited some tough criticism, too, especially from the US. On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss s ideas. Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss.In every generation there will be people who think that the standard of language is in decline, and who are more than happy to write to the newspapers to express their concern and opinions. Truss s book also appeals to those who think that texting and blogging(博客)is lowering the standard of literacy. Whether the standard of the English language is decreasing, or simply evolving into new forms, the success of Eats, Shoots & Leaves proves that this is a subject that many English speakers find interesting and important.1.The title of the book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is a joke which shows.A. a funny feelingB. a trend in writingC. a grammatical pointD. a fact about animals2.The book has been successful because.A.it presents the new research on EnglishB.it solves a serious English language problemC.it shows the British like to teach English to other peopleD.it causes concern for proper use of language in a fun way3. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The English language was better in the past.B. The English language is being improved by technology.C. There is often dissatisfaction with the standard of English.D. There have always been debates on the use of punctuation.4. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Difference a Comma Made.B. The Problem Punctuation Created.C. Proper Understanding of Silly Jokes.D. Public Debate about Language Standards.答案1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A[七]Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to.A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.答案1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C[八]It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn t know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris s eyes rolled back,”Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between l ife and death,”says Taylor.Taylor s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris s heartbeat returned.“I know I was really lucky,”Paris says now. “Most people don t survive this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I knowI can act under pressure in a scary situation.”1.What happened to Paris on a March day?A. She caught a bad cold.B. She had a sudden heart problem.C. She was knocked down by a ball.D. She shivered terribly during practice.2.Why does Paris say she was lucky?A. She made a worthy friend.B. She recovered from shock.C. She received immediate CPR.D. She came back on the softball team.3.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A. Enthusiastic and kind.B. Courageous and calm.C. Cooperative and generous.D. Ambitious and professional.答案1.B 2.C 3.B[九]Hollywood s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.”However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A. help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.答案1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C[十]California Condor s Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just don t see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los。
2019届高考英语二轮复习语法综合演练：专题10 定语从句(含解析)
综合演练(定语从句)There was a time__1__I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason__2__my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，__3__I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide，__4__teacher was Yu Minhong，communicated with me facetoface，from__5__I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities__6__we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide，__7__encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into__8__I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through__9__I can memorize a large number of new words.__10__our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文，叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的难忘经历。
山东潍坊2019年高三二轮重点考试理综试题
山东潍坊2019年高三二轮重点考试理综试题理科综合2018.3本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分，共12页、总分值240分，考试用时l50分钟。
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以下数据可供答题时参考：相对原子质量：【一】选择题(此题包括l3小题、每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、以下有关实验的描述不科学的是A、低温柔秋水仙素诱导多倍体形成的原理是相同的B、提取绿时中的色素时碳酸钙的作用是防止色素被破坏C、视野中观看到处于质壁分离状态的细胞，不能据此判断该细胞正在失水D、还原糖和蛋白质的检测实验中均需水浴加热2、右图示某雄性动物中一个正在分裂的体细胞、以下相关描述错误的选项是A、假设A和a所在的染色单体不分离，那么产生的子细胞中染色体数目全部异常B、该细胞发生的变异可能是由于碱基对的替换引起的C、该细胞分裂到后期时细胞内有2对同源染色体，2个染色体组D、该细胞分裂所形成子细胞的基因型是BbX A Y和BbX a Y3、某植物群俸中基因型AA、aa的个体分别占30％和20％，比较该群体自交与个体间自由交配得到的两个子代群体A、杂合子比例不同B、纯合子比例相同C、基因频率不同D、基因型频率相同4、以下实例与植物激紊作用无关的是A、苹果果实自然发育成熟B、豆角茎的缠绕生长C、牵牛花早晨和中午呈现不同颜色D、秋天植物落叶5、采纳一定手段破坏细胞中的高尔基体，以下各项受妨碍最小的是A、浆细胞合成并分泌抗体B、植物细胞进行有丝分裂C、呼吸酶的合成D、兴奋在突触处的传递6、假设右图中的各部分完全水解，得到产物种类最多的是A、④B、②C、③ D.④7、2017年为国际化学年。
山东省部分重点中学2019届高三第二次模拟考试理科综合试题
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一、选择题（本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分，只有一个选项符合题意）1．关于细胞和细胞器中有关增大表面积的作用中说法不正确的是A．神经细胞表面形成了树突和轴突，前者是为了增大接收信息分子的面积B．浆细胞表面形成的突起，增强了浆细胞对抗原的识别能力C．线粒体内膜内折形成嵴，增大了酶的附着面积和有氧呼吸的第三阶段反应面积D．叶绿体的类囊体堆叠形成基粒，增大色素附着面积和光反应面积2．下列有关生物学研究方法的说法正确的是A．1859年一位英国人带24只野兔到澳大利亚，研究野兔的增长规律时，以时间为横坐标，以野兔的种群数量为纵坐标，画出的“J”型曲线属于物理模型B．沃森和克里克是利用模型构建的方法研究DNA分子的结构，提出了“DNA分子的双螺旋结构”模型C．“验证DNA的复制方式”和“探究生物的遗传物质”均用了同位素标记法，两者依据的原理完全相同D．温特通过实验证明并提取了影响胚芽鞘弯曲生长的物质，命名其为生长素，证明过程使用了假说演绎法3．下列关于变异和进化的叙述，正确的是A．非同源染色体之间交换部分片段，属于突变B．突变和自然选择均能定向改变种群的基因频率C．种群基因型频率发生了定向改变，说明种群在进化D．种群进化成新物种后与原物种不能进行自由交配4.下列有关生物学实验及研究的叙述正确的是①盐酸在“低温诱导染色体数目变化”和“观察植物细胞有丝分裂”中的作用相同②经健那绿染液处理，可以使活细胞中的线粒体呈蓝绿色③用溴麝香草酚蓝水溶液能鉴定乳酸菌细胞呼吸的产物④探索淀粉酶对淀粉和蔗糖作用的专一性时，可用碘液替代斐林试剂进行鉴定⑤孟德尔的豌豆杂交试验中将母本去雄的目的是防止自花授粉⑥以人的成熟红细胞为观察材料可以诊断镰刀型细胞贫血症⑦紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮可用作观察DNA和RNA在细胞中分布的实验材料⑧调查血友病的遗传方式，可在学校内对同学进行随机抽样调查⑨可以用淀粉酶催化淀粉的实验探究pH对酶活性的影响A．五项 B．四项 C．三项 D．两项5．下列有关染色体、DNA、基因、脱氧核苷酸的说法，不正确的是A．一个基因含有许多个脱氧核苷酸，细胞中的嘌呤碱基与嘧啶碱基数量不一定相等B．基因是具有遗传效应的DNA片段，一个DNA分子上可含有成百上千个基因，基因型相同的个体其表现型也不一定相同C．染色体是DNA的主要载体，G和C含量较多的DNA分子更难以解旋D．在DNA分子结构中，与脱氧核糖直接相连的一般是一个磷酸基和一个碱基6.运用生态学原理可以解决实际生产中的问题，下列说法正确的是A.利用性引诱剂诱捕某害虫的雄性个体，主要是通过提高害虫的死亡率来降低该害虫的种群密度B.海洋捕捞时在鱼群数量为环境容纳量的一半时捕捞能够保持鱼群数量在短时间内迅速恢复C.将农作物秸秆沤肥施给农作物，实现了物质和能量的循环利用D.合理开发和利用野生资源可以起到保护生物多样性的作用7. 化学与生活、环境密切相关。
201910联考二模答案精简版解析
部分重点高中高三第二次模拟考试参考答案与试题解析一．选择题（共20小题，满分40分，每小题2分）1．【解答】解：A．食盐中还有IO3-，无法用淀粉检验故A错误；B．麒麟芯片材料为Si，光导纤维为SiO2故B错误；C．混凝土为无机材料，故C错误；D．丝绸的主要成分是蛋白质，属于高分子化合物，是自然界中存在的物质，所以蛋白质属于天然高分子化合物，故D正确；故选：D。
2．【解答】解：A．液氯、明矾都是一种物质组成的纯净物，水玻璃的主要成分硅酸钠是混合物，故A错误；B．SO2、乙醇水溶液中或熔融状态下都不导电的化合物属于非电解质，冰醋酸在水溶液中或熔融状态下导电的化合物属于电解质，故B错误；C．CH3COOH、H2O是弱电解质，氨水是混合物不是电解质，故C错误；D．CaO、Na2O、K2O都能与酸反应生成盐和水的氧化物，属于碱性氧化物，甲与乙、丙、丁是包含关系，故D正确；故选：D。
3.【解答】解：A、氟离子核内有9个质子，核外有10个电子，结构示意图：，故A错误；B、质量数＝中子数+质子数，故中子数为15的Si原子的质量数为29，表示为：Si，故B正确。
C、SiF4中Si、F均满足最外层8电子稳定结构，则F周围应有8个电子，故C错误；D、由小球和小棍组成的是球棍模型，比例模型能更真实的体现物质的成键情况和原子的相对大小，故水的比例模型为，故D错误；故选：B。
4．【解答】解：A、合成氨的反应为可逆反应，不能进行彻底，故形成的分子中共价键小于6N A个，故A错误；B、pH=1的硫酸溶液中，含H+的浓度为0.1mol/L,故B错误；C、Zn 与一定量的浓硫酸反应，产生1mol气体无论是H2，SO2,均转移2mol电子，C正确；D、氢气所处的状态不明确，故不能计算出其物质的量，则转移的电子数无法确定，故D错误。
故选：C。
5．【解答】解：A．豆萁是大豆的秸秆，主要成分为纤维素，燃烧纤维素是把化学能转化为热能，故A正确；B．水产生的雾气是由水蒸发产生的水蒸气遇冷液化而成的小液滴，是一种液化现象，不是碘升华，故B错误。
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2019届高三二轮专题复习综合测试题(十) Ⅰ．单项填空1．—Have you had a(n) ________ to your letter?—No．I checked the mailbox almost every hour．A．answer B．resultC．settlement D．solution2．—How do you find yesterday’s performances?—I sat through all performances but ________of them was any good．A．none B．neither C．both D．each3．Father ________ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there．(2018·湖南，22)A．hardly B．seldomC．sometimes D．never4．Was it ________ it snowed last night ________ he didn’t come?A．because；when B．why；thatC．that；because D．because；that5．He seems to be quite ________ about the economic development of China，saying that the worst time is over．A．optimistic B．gratefulC．confused D．considerate6．We ________on this project for four hours．Let’s have a rest．A．are working B．have been workingC．worked D．had worked7．I can’t stand him．He always talks as if he ________ everything．A．knew B．knowsC．has known D．had known8．Chile has experienced ________ number of big quakes over its history，including ________ most powerful one in the world that occurred in May 1960．A．/；a B．the；a C．the；the D．a；the9．—I’ve passed the driving test!—________A．Well done! B．I’m afraid not．C．That will do! D．I’m glad to help．10．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ________ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives．A．what B．who C．how D．why11．Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly．A．what B．whose C．which D．that12．What impresses me most is ________ he appears in front of others，he wears a sincere and charming smile．A．when B．thatC．where D．that whenever13．________ the meeting room，he found all the parents already ________ there．A．To enter；sitting B．Entering；to seatC．Entered；seat D．Entering；seated14．After decades of effort，the city is still trying to ________ how to ban smoking in public places．A．look through B．get throughC．figu re out D．take out15．I found I could easily make myself ________ by using sign language．A．understood B．understandC．to understand D．being understoodⅡ．完形填空My first memories of acts of kindness are from when I was about 12 years old．From then on I always __1__ at home and with friends．That winter I noticed that many __2__ people had difficulty getting to the __3__ store after a snowstorm．So I started to spend part of a __4__ Saturday knocking at apartment doors to ask if anyone needed __5__ from the store．The grocery store was down a huge hill and I would bring __6__ a couple of bags of groceries for them．I liked it and it made them so __7__．It started with __8__ alone and then the number grew．A short time later，my __9__ in the building asked what I w as doing and a couple of them __10__ and it became a routine．I __11__ asked for or took money for it．Sometimes the ladies __12__ slip the change in my pocket．I would just buy something the next time to give to them，__13__ flowers or a card．I did this every __14__ up to when I left to go to college．When I was away at __15__，many people asked my mom how I was doing．Through those conversations she __16__ what I used to do—I had never told her．Now，I’m a teacher and teaching my students the art of true __17__：Everyone in the world needs help，and everyone can also __18__ help．The image of those old people’s happiness caused by my __19__ of goodwill appears in my mind every time I have the chance to do something __20__．This is the power of charity．1．A．look around B．run aboutC．help out D．act up2．A．lazy B．youngC．elderly D．disabled3．A．grocery B．clothesC．food D．medicine4．A．s unny B．cloudyC．rainy D．snowy5．A．anything B．nothingC．all D．few6．A．forwards B．backwardsC．back D．out7．A．surprised B．interestedC．ashamed D．happy8．A．myself B．meC．themselves D．them9．A．classmates B．studentsC．relatives D．friends10．A．gave up B．joined inC．paid up D．turned away11．A．sometimes B．notC．neither D．never12．A．would B．shouldC．could D．dared13．A．like B．as C．by D．for14．A．day B．week C．month D．winter15．A．school B．college C．leisure D．work16．A．recognized B．followedC．learned D．proved17．A．friendship B．usefulnessC．success D．kindness18．A．offer B．ownC．accept D．reward19．A．acts B．words C．thought D．test20．A．unusual B．successfulC．hard D．niceⅢ．阅读理解The amount of water in the world is finite (有限的)．The number of people is growing fast and water use is growing even faster．Global water consumption rose six times between 1900 and 1995—more than double the rate of population growth．As important as quantity is quality—with pollution increasing in some areas，the amount of usable water declines．And the wider effects of water shortages are ju st as frightening as the pr ospect of having too little to drink．Seventy percent of the water used worldwide is used for agriculture．Much more will be needed if we are to feed the world’s growing population．And consumption will rise further as more people expect Westernst yle lifestyles and diets—one kilogram of grainfed beef needs at least 15m3 of water，while a kilo of cereals (谷物) needs only up to 3m3．New technology can help，however，especially by cleaning up pollution and so making more water usable，and in agriculture，where water use can be made far more efficient．Droughtresistant (抗旱的) plants can also help．The optimists say “virtual water” may save the day—the water contained in crops which can be exported from waterrich countries to dry ones．But the amounts involved would be huge，and the energy needed to transport the water would be enormous．In any case，it is not just us who need water，but every other species that shares the planet with us．We have to rethink how much water we really need if we are to learn how to share the earth’s supply．While dams and other largescale schemes play a big role worldwide，there is also a growing recognition of the value of using the water we already have more efficiently rather than harvesting ever more from our rivers．For millions of people around the world，getting it right is a matter of life and death．1．Which of the following statements on water consumption is NOT true?A．Agriculture consumes more than half of the water used in the world．B．Th e growing population worsens the water shortage situation．C．Lifestyles play an important role in water consumptio n．D．The Western way of agriculture uses more water than the Asian way．2．“Virtual water” refers to “the water that ________”．A．is hidden in cropsB．is saved in agricultureC．can be transportedD．can be reused with the aid of the Internet3．In the last paragraph，the author mainly ________．A．criticizes big projects such as damsB．criticizes the use of river waterC．calls for the protection of other speciesD．calls for the more efficient use of water4．What’s the main idea of the passage?A．Water is mainly wasted in agriculture．B．Water pollution is threatening our health．C．Shortage of water is a very serious problem．D．Population gro wing influences water use．答案Ⅰ．1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．AⅡ．1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．B 16．C 17．D 18．A 19．A 20．D Ⅲ．1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C。