北京科技大学468数据结构及软件工程2004年考研真题硕士研究生入学考试试题
北京科技大学计算机组成原理历年考研真题汇编附答案
北京科技大学计算机组成原理历年考研真题汇编最新资料，WORD格式，可编辑修改！目录2014年北京科技大学869计算机组成原理考研真题 ................................. 2013年北京科技大学869计算机组成原理考研真题 ................................. 2009年北京科技大学829计算机组成原理考研真题 ................................. 2001年北京科技大学计算机组成原理考研真题...................................... 2000年北京科技大学计算机组成原理考研真题...................................... 1999年北京科技大学计算机组成原理考研真题...................................... 说明：北京科技大学计算机组成原理专业的科目代码2009年为829,，之后改为869。
北京科技大学计算机与通信工程学院、国家材料服役安全科学中心、冶金工程研究院均考此科目。
2014年北京科技大学869计算机组成原理考研真题试题编号：869______试题名称：计算机组成原理（共9页）适用专业：计算机科学与技术、软件工程、计算机技术（专业学位）、 软件工程（专业学位）______说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
一、填空（满分40分，每题2分）1．存储程序原理是指______，它是______型计算机体系结构的核心思想。
2．设浮点数长16位，高8位是阶码，含1位阶符，低8位是尾数，含1位数符，阶码和尾数均用补码表示，基值（底）为2，尾数为规格化、无隐藏位，机器数为FC ．60H 的十进制真值是______，十进制真值ll/128的规格化浮点编码是______（16进制助记形式）。
3．已知[x]补=x 0．x 1x 2．．．x n ，则[-x]补=______。
北京科技大学历年数学分析考研真题汇编(2003-2017)
数展开式；
（2）证明： 1 sin t
1 t
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t
1 n
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，
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（3）利用上面结果计算广义积分： sin x dx 。
0x
北京科技大学 2013 年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
=============================================================================================================
0 ，求曲线C
距离 XOY
面最远的点和
最近的点。
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, a, b ，使
f f
eb b
ea a
e
。
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a
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试题编号： 613 试题名称：
数学分析
（共 2 页）
适用专业：
数学，统计学
北航2004年试题
的类型定义.
七、(本题 15 分〉
请用 C 语言编写计算 s司马a'旭、 ···+a' 之值的程序，其中， a 为一个浮点数，
n 为正整数，均通过键盘输入. 八、(本题 20 分〉
Unix 操作系统中有一条命令.该命令的功能是打印文本文件的最后 n 行。命
令格式为=
tail
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6. 若某完全二叉树的深度为 h ，则该完全二叉树中至少有
个结点.
A. 2'
为 A. 选择排序法 c.快速排序法 B. 插入排序法 D. 堆积排序法
‘
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B. 4 ·
. C. 5.
D. 15
二、填空题(本题共 30 分，每小题各 3 分〉
1.在具有 n 个链结点的非空线性链袤的己知位置插入一个链结点的时间复
杂度为
2. 在 C 语言中，若符号p->link 出现在表达式中，则它表示 3. 中缀形式的算术表达式 A+(B-C)lDxE 的后缀形式为一午一
北京航空航天大学
二 00 四年硕士试题醉号:
数据结构与程序设计 快 4 页〉
891
考生注意:所有答题务必书写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本
试题单上的答题一律无效(本题单不参与阅卷)。
一、单项选择题(本题共 30 分，每小题各 2 分)
1.一个顺序表所占用的存储空间大小与-一一-无关.
北京科技大学2004年高等代数考研试题
北京科技大学2004年高等代数考研试题北京科技大学2004年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：禹等代數 ________________________________ (共两页)适用专盘：应用数学.计算数学、迳舟学与握制工釋________说明：①所帝答案関须写在答题銀上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效. ②考试用具：不得便用任啊电子计算仪器.a b b ■■ bt a h …b—,（15分）计算疔列式,c c a广1 1 1]二(巧分)设三阶方阵/ = 111,试计算f nIl 11 丿三. (却分}证明：(1)若4左都是川阶方阵’ 11 = 0,.则rankA + rankB n・(产劝匕哀示矩阵川的軼) C2)若幷阶方阵/简足条件A—E, Ki] rank{A + £) + rank{A-E) = n.四. ⑴分)已知：在四维向量空间P中a严〔丄丄丄丄L a JL L L1{2222)戈(6 6 2 6丿W^L(a},a2)r求莊丄°五・〔却分)设師M QQF，是二维向量空闻/的一组基，a = (2,3)\0 = (一4,9)『・b是卩上的一个线性变换，Rcr(^) = a, CT(^)=/3<(1)写出线性变换rr在基话，闰之下的矩阵。
(2)求出线性变换cr的逆变换.(3)求出线性变换c的特征值和特征向瞳。
<4)求岀线性变换b的全部不变子空间.六.(20分)(D若矩阵d与矩阵占相似.证明」A^B有相同的特征值.C2)举例说明,上述命题的逆命题玮成立。
<3)若A ^B均为对称矩阵，则(1)的逆命题成立。
能被（兀+ 1）2整除。
A. （15分）若/是刃阶方阵，且对任意的非零向fta，都有a T Aa> 0 •证明: 存在正定矩阵B及反对称矩阵C,使得A = R・C・并且对任意向Sta,都有a T Aa = a T Ba , a T Ca = 0.九.（15分）如果cr,7■都是幕等（cr'ub, r2 = r）的线性变换。
北京科技大学研究生英语考试真题
2004/6 Listening Comprehension1. A. No women were allowed to take part in it.B.Women were only allowed to watch the Games.C.Unmarried girls were allowed to compete with men.D.Unmarried women were allowed to watch itsomewhere.2. A. She needs to buy new clothes.B.She cares a lot about what to wear.C.The man doesn't work hard enough.D.The man should buy some new ties.3. A. Takes a hot bath. B. Takes a long walk.C. Has a few drinks.D. Has more coffee.4. A. They have a very close relationship.B.They don't spend much time together.C.They are getting along with each other better.D. They are generally pretty cold to each other.5. A. His sixth sense told him.B.He is unskillful with his present job.C.His present job pays too little.D.His present job is too demanding.6. A. The accident caused injury or loss of life.B.Seven people were killed in the accident.C.Many people from other cars came to help.D. A lot of vehicles were involved in the accident.7. A. 2754201. B. 2645310.C. 2745301.D. 2654310.8. A. She had no chance to speak.B.She was speechless.C.She talked a lot to the star.D.She saw too many people around the star.9. A. Because it tells the truth most of the time.B.Because it provides a lot of information.C.B ecause it is the top one on the list of newspapers.D. Because it is an inside newspaper.10. A. Because other scientists had raised questionsabout these claims.B.Because some of its scientists had made falseclaims before.C.Because the claims were very important to thestudy of physics.D.Because some of its scientists published too manypapers a year.11. A. He made up false data in the experiment tosupport his new findings.B.He used information from previous work tosupport his new findings.C.He denied other scientists' involvement in hisexperiments.D.He was not productive in writing scientific papers.12. A. They dismissed all Mister Schon's publications.B.They asked Mister Schon to apologize to thepublic.C.They recalled Mister Schon's title as a Nobel Prizewinner.D.They removed Mister Schon from his position.13. A. The winner should write a report to the committeeof the foundation.B.The winner should report to the committee beforethey spend the money.C.The winner should not be a government official.D.The winner should be nominated by thefoundation's directors.14. A. For her achievements in environmental protection.B.For her achievements in developing computersoftware.C.For her achievements in developing warships.D.For her achievements in developing robots.15. A. He was recognized as a genius by the foundation'sdirectors.B.He helped the developing countries to fightagainst earthquakes.C.He helped the third world countries to developquickly.D.He ran a non-profit international organization.16.What did the several hundred college studentscompete to build recently in Washington D.C.? 17.Which department in the United States organized thecompetition?18.How many teams took part in the competition?19.How much did each team spend on equipment andother materials?20.What is the purpose of the competition?Transcript (Jun 20, 2004)1.A: I heard no women were allowed to take part in theOlympic Games in ancient Greece. Is that true? B: But somewhere unmarried girls were allowed to watch or even compete in the Games in those days.They could compete in a separate festival.Q: From this conversation what do we learn about Olympic Games in ancient Greece?1. A. No women were allowed to take part in it.B.Women were only allowed to watch the Games.C.Unmarried girls were allowed to compete with men.D.Unmarried women were allowed to watch itsomewhere.2.A: Now you are in the new company, you may needto buy some new clothes.B: As long as I work hard, nobody cares what I wear.But you may rethink your ties.Q: What does the woman mean?2. A. She needs to buy new clothes.B.She cares a lot about what to wear.C.The man doesn't work hard enough.D.The man should buy some new ties.3.A: What do you usually do when you feel tired?B: I usually listen to some classical music, or take a long hot bath. What about you?A: I usually relax with a few drinks or drink more coffee to keep myself going.Q: What does the woman usually do when she feels tired?3. A. Takes a hot bath. B. Takes a long walk.C. Has a few drinks.D. Has more coffee.4.A: How do you get along with your partner?B: Generally our relationship is pretty good but we both are aware of the importance of spending timealone.Q: What is the relationship between the man and his partner like?4. A. They have a very close relationship.B.They don't spend much time together.C.They are getting along with each other better.D.They are generally pretty cold to each other.5.A: It seems to me that you will switch to another job. B: How do you know?A: My sixth sense told me.B: You are actually right. I'm fed up with working anunskilled job for a minimum wage.Q: Why did the man want to change his job?5. A. His sixth sense told him.B.He is unskillful with his present job.C.His present job pays too little.D.His present job is too demanding.6.A: Did you watch the report about the accident indowntown?B: No. Where was it?A: It was on seventh street. It was a huge wreck and I saw a lot of ambulances at the scene.Q: What do we learn about the accident?6. A. The accident caused injury or loss of life.B.Seven people were killed in the accident.C.Many people from other cars came to help.D. A lot of vehicles were involved in the accident.7.A: Hello. My name is Nathaniel Mumford. I'm astudent of Professor Cohen's. May I speak to himplease?B: Oh, Professor Cohen is at a conference at the moment, but if you leave your phone number hemay call you back when he returns.A: My phone number is 2745301. Thank you for you help.Q: What is the phone number of the student?7. A. 2754201. B. 2645310.C. 2745301.D. 2654310.8.A: Did you speak to the famous star?B: I wanted to, but I was unable to speak when I wasface to face with him.A: Well, many people do that. Before they meet their favorite star they seem to have a lot to say. But when they actually meet them, they can't say anything. Q: What happened to the woman when she met the famous star?8. A. She had no chance to speak.B.She was speechless.C.She talked a lot to the star.D.She saw too many people around the star.9.A: Why are you so keen on this newspaper?B: It's really informative and it is the top one among those offering inside stories.Q: Why does the man like the newspaper?9. A. Because it tells the truth most of the time.B.Because it provides a lot of information.C.B ecause it is the top one on the list of newspapers.D.Because it is an inside newspaper.Mini-Talk OneInvestigators from Bell Labs Murray Hill, New Jersey have found that claims made by some scientists at the laboratory were not based on fact. The investigators dismissed results from a number of studies published between 1998 and 2001. Bell Labs appointed a committee to investigate the wrongdoing after other scientists raised questions about the claims. Some of the claims were once said to be major developments in the study of physics. They included a claim that scientists had created the smallest device to carry electric current ever made.The committee identified at least sixteen examples of scientific wrongdoing. It placed the blame on one Bell Labs physicist, Jan Hendrik Schon. Mr. Schon told the committee that he had no written records of the laboratory experiments. He also said much of the information in his computer had been destroyed.The investigators found that Mr. Schon used information from earlier work to support his findings. They said his did this without the knowledge of the other scientists involved in the experiments. The investigators noted that Mr. Schon and his group produced an average of one scientific paper every eight days. For most scientists, a few papers a year is considered productive.After the committee's report was released, Bell Labs immediately dismissed Jan Hendrik Schon from his position. He was once thought to be a future Nobel Prize winner. After his dismissal, Mr. Schon admitted he had made mistakes in his scientific work. He said he regretted those mistakes.10.Why did Bell Labs appoint a committee to investigatesome of the claims made by its scientists?10. A. Because other scientists had raised questionsabout these claims.B.Because some of its scientists had made falseclaims before.C.Because the claims were very important to thestudy of physics.D.Because some of its scientists published too manypapers a year.11.What did the committee find out when theyinvestigated Mr. Schon?11. A. He made up false data in the experiment tosupport his new findings.B.He used information from previous work tosupport his new findings.C.He denied other scientists' involvement in hisexperiments.D. He was not productive in writing scientific papers.12.What did Bell Labs do after the committee's reportwas released?12. A. They dismissed all Mister Schon's publications.B. They asked Mister Schon to apologize to the public.C. They recalled Mister Schon's title as a Nobel Prizewinner.D.They removed Mister Schon from his position.Mini-Talk TwoThe MacArthur Fellowship is a program that honors individual men and women for their creativity. American businessman John MacArthur used his own money to establish the MacArthur Foundation in 1970. It began to operate after he died eight years later.To be considered for the award, a person must be nominated. And they should not hold an elective or an appointed office in government.Each year, several hundred people are appointed to propose nominations. A twelve-member committee studies information about those nominated to identify the great creativity in their work and proposes winners to the foundation's directors. The foundation does not require or expect reports from individual winners. It also does not ask them how the money will be used.Six hundred and thirty-five MacArthur Fellows have been named since the program started in 1981. Between 20 and 30 winners are named each year.The twenty-four winners this year work in many different areas. They include scientists, writers, and musicians. Daniela Ruth is a professor in Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. She is a computer scientist who develops robots that change shape to deal with changes in their environment.Brian Tucker from California is another winner. Mr. Tucker is an earthquake expert. He is the president of a non-profit group called GeoHazards International. His group works for local officials in developing countries to make their areas safer against earthquakes. Mr. Tucker says that being recognized as a MacArthur Fellow will make a huge difference for his company.13.Which of the following is one of the requirements fora MacArthur Fellowship winner?13. A. The winner should write a report to the committeeof the foundation.B. The winner should report to the committee beforethey spend the money.C. The winner should not be a government official.D.The winner should be nominated by thefoundation's directors.14.Why was Daniela Ruth awarded this year'sMacArthur Fellowship?14. A. For her achievements in environmental protection.B. For her achievements in developing computersoftware.C. For her achievements in developing warships.D.For her achievements in developing robots.15.Why was Brian Tucker given this year's MacArthurFellowship?15. A. He was recognized as a genius by the foundation'sdirectors.B. He helped the developing countries to fight againstearthquakes.C. He helped the third world countries to developquickly.D.He ran a non-profit international organization.Section CExperts say in the near future, many houses in the United States will be powered by energy from the sun. Many people in Washington D.C., recently were able to see what some of those homes might look like. Several hundred college students from across the country took part in a competition to see who could build the best solar-powered house. The United States Department of Energy organized the competition.Students from fourteen colleges and universities took part in this Solar Home Competition. Student teams competed in a series of ten contests to see who could design, build and operate the best house powered only by the sun. The solar homes were built on the National Mall, the grassy open area between the United States Capitol building and the Washington Monument. The solar houses were set up in the middle.Each team included at least twenty students of design, architecture and building sciences. The students gained the money to buy equipment and materials for their house.Each house cost as much as $250,000 to build.A solar-powered house has a roof designed to take in the heat of the sun and change it to energy. That power is then stored in a battery bank which supplies power to the whole house.As part of the competition, the teams were expected to spend most of the day in their homes doing normal activities. The activities used electricity powered by the sun. For example, the students cooked food, used computers, operated lights and washed clothes in machines. They even drove around the solar village in electric cars powered by a solar battery. The competition is designed to show Americans that solar energy works, because the use of solar energy in the United States is less than in other parts of the world. Only about 20,000 American homes are solar-powered.。
2004考研数四真题及解析
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学四试题一、填空题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分，请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上. (1) 若0sin lim(cos )5x x xx b e a→-=-，则a =，b =.(2) 设1ln arctan 22+-=x xxe e e y ，则1x dy dx ==.(3) 设⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥-<≤-=21,12121,)(2x x xe x f x ，则212(1)f x dx -=⎰.(4) 设⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛--=100001010A ，AP P B 1-=，其中P 为三阶可逆矩阵, 则200422B A -=．(5) 设()33⨯=ij a A 是实正交矩阵，且111=a ，Tb )0,0,1(=，则线性方程组b Ax =的解是．(6) 设随机变量X 服从参数为λ的指数分布, 则=>}{DX X P .二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内. (7) 函数2)2)(1()2sin(||)(---=x x x x x x f 在下列哪个区间内有界( ) (A) (-1 , 0).(B) (0 , 1).(C) (1 , 2).(D) (2 , 3).(8) 设f (x )在(,)-∞+∞内有定义，且a x f x =∞→)(lim ，⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=≠=0,00,)1()(x x x f x g ，则( )(A)0x =必是()g x 的第一类间断点. (B) 0x =必是()g x 的第二类间断点. (C) 0x =必是()g x 的连续点.(D) ()g x 在点0x =处的连续性与a 的取值有关.(9) 设()(1)f x x x =-, 则 ( )(A) 0x =是()f x 的极值点, 但(0,0)不是曲线()y f x =的拐点. (B) 0x =不是()f x 的极值点, 但(0,0)是曲线()y f x =的拐点. (C) 0x =是()f x 的极值点, 且(0,0)是曲线()y f x =的拐点. (D) 0x =不是()f x 的极值点, (0,0)也不是曲线()y f x =的拐点.(10) 设⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧<-=>=0,10,00,1)(x x x x f ，⎰=x dt t f x F 0)()(，则 ( )(A) ()F x 在0x =点不连续.(B) ()F x 在(,)-∞+∞内连续，但在0x =点不可导. (C) ()F x 在(,)-∞+∞内可导，且满足)()(x f x F ='.(D) ()F x 在(,)-∞+∞内可导，但不一定满足)()(x f x F ='.(11) 设)(x f '在[,]a b 上连续，且0)(,0)(<'>'b f a f ，则下列结论中错误的是( )(A) 至少存在一点0(,)x a b ∈，使得)(0x f >()f a . (B) 至少存在一点),(0b a x ∈，使得)(0x f > ()f b . (C) 至少存在一点),(0b a x ∈，使得0)(0='x f .(D) 至少存在一点),(0b a x ∈，使得)(0x f = 0.(12) 设n 阶矩阵A 与B 等价, 则必有( )(A) 当)0(||≠=a a A 时, a B =||. (B) 当)0(||≠=a a A 时, a B -=||. (C) 当0||≠A 时, 0||=B . (D) 当0||=A 时, 0||=B .(13) 设随机变量X 服从正态分布)1,0(N , 对给定的)1,0(∈α, 数αu 满足αu X P α=>}{,若αx X P =<}|{|, 则x 等于( ) (A) 2αu . (B) 21αu-. (C) 21αu -. (D) αu -1.(14) 设随机变量)1(,,,21>n X X X n Λ独立同分布，且其方差为.02>σ 令∑==ni i X n Y 11，则( )(A) Cov(.),21nY X σ= (B) 21),(σ=Y X Cov .(C) 212)(σn n Y X D +=+. (D) 211)(σnn Y X D +=-.三、解答题：15－23小题，共94分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15) (本题满分8分)求)cos sin 1(lim 2220xxx x -→. (16) (本题满分8分)求⎰⎰++Dd y y x σ)(22，其中D 是由圆422=+y x和1)1(22=++y x 所围成的平面区域(如图).(17) (本题满分8分)设(,)f u v f (u , v )具有连续偏导数，且满足(,)(,)u v f u v f u v uv ''+=. 求),()(2x x f e x y x -=所满足的一阶微分方程，并求其通解. (18) (本题满分9分) 设某商品的需求函数为1005Q P =-，其中价格(0,20)P ∈，Q 为需求量. (I) 求需求量对价格的弹性d E (d E > 0)；(II) 推导)1(d E Q dPdR-=(其中R 为收益)，并用弹性d E 说明价格在何范围内变化时， 降低价格反而使收益增加.(19) (本题满分9分)设⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>≤=-0,0,)(22x ex e x F x x ，S 表示夹在x 轴与曲线()y F x =之间的面积. 对任何0t >，)(1t S 表示矩形t x t -≤≤，0()y F x ≤≤的面积. 求(I) ()S t = S -)(1t S 的表达式； (II) ()S t 的最小值.(20) (本题满分13分)设线性方程组⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=+++++=+++=+++,14)4()2(3,022,0432143214321x x μx λx x x x x x x μx λx 已知T)1,1,1,1(--是该方程组的一个解，试求(I) 方程组的全部解，并用对应的齐次线性方程组的基础解系表示全部解； (II) 该方程组满足32x x =的全部解． (21) (本题满分13分)设三阶实对称矩阵A 的秩为2，621==λλ是A 的二重特征值．若Tα)0,1,1(1=,T α)1,1,2(2=, T α)3,2,1(3--=, 都是A 的属于特征值6的特征向量．(I) 求A 的另一特征值和对应的特征向量； (II) 求矩阵A ．(22) (本题满分13分)设A ,B 为两个随机事件,且41)(=A P , 31)|(=AB P , 21)|(=B A P , 令 ⎩⎨⎧=不发生，，发生，A A X 0,1 ⎩⎨⎧=.0,1不发生，发生，B B Y 求：(I) 二维随机变量),(Y X 的概率分布;(II) X 与Y 的相关系数 XY ρ; (III) 22Y X Z +=的概率分布.(23) (本题满分13分)设随机变量X 在区间)1,0(内服从均匀分布，在)10(<<=x x X 的条件下，随机变量Y 在区间),0(x 上服从均匀分布，求(I) 随机变量X 和Y 的联合概率密度；(II) Y 的概率密度； (III) 概率}1{>+Y X P ．2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学四试题解析一、填空题(1)【答案】1,4a b ==-【详解】本题属于已知极限求参数的反问题. 方法1：根据结论：)()(limx g x f ＝A ，(1) 若()0g x →，则()0f x →；(2) 若()0f x →，且0A ≠，则()0g x →因为5)(cos sin lim0=--→b x a e xx x ，且0)(cos sin lim 0=-⋅→b x x x ，所以0)(lim 0=-→a e x x (否则根据上述结论(2)给极限是0，而不是5)，由 0lim()lim lim 10xxx x x e a e a a →→→-=-=-=得a = 1.极限化00sin lim(cos )lim (cos )151x x x x xx b x b b e x→→- -=-=-等价无穷小，得b = -4.因此，a = 1，b = -4.方法2：由极限与无穷小的关系，有sin (cos )5x xx b e aα-=+-，其中0lim 0x α→=，解出 (5)(cos )sin ,5x e x b xa αα+--=+上式两端求极限，000(5)(cos )sin (cos )sin limlim lim 10155x x x x x e x b x x b xa e ααα→→→+---==-=-=++ 把a = 1代入，再求b ，(5)(1)cos sin x e b x xα+-=-，两端同时对0x →取极限，得0(5)(1)lim(cos )sin x x e b x xα→+-=-000(5)(1)(5)limcos lim 1lim 15sin x x x x e x x x xαα→→→+-+=-=-=-4=- 因此，a = 1，b = -4.(2)【答案】211e e -+. 【详解】因为()()()222222111ln ln 12ln 1ln 11222x x xx x x e e e x e x e e ⎡⎤⎡⎤=-+=-+=-+⎣⎦⎣⎦+ 由 1ln arctan 22+-=x x xe e e y ，得 )1ln(21arctan 2++-=xx e x e y ，所以 222222222()1()1211112112111x x x x x xx x x x x xe e e e e e y e e e e e e '''=-+=-+=-+++++++，所以22222221111111111x x x x x x dye e e e e dxe e e e e ==⎛⎫-=-+=-+= ⎪+++++⎝⎭.(3)【答案】12- 【详解】方法1：作积分变换，令1x t -=，则11:2:122x t →⇒-→ 所以211122(1)()f x dx f t dt --=⎰⎰＝1121122()(1)f t dt dt -+-⎰⎰22211112222111122221111(1)(1)2222xx xxe dx dx e dx e ---=+-=--=-⎰⎰⎰11022=-=.(也可直接推出212120x xe dx -=⎰，因为21212x xe dx -⎰积分区间对称，被积函数是关于x 是奇函数，则积分值为零) 方法2：先写出的(1)f x -表达式()()21111,122(1)11,12x x e x f x x -⎧--≤-<⎪⎪-=⎨⎪- -≥⎪⎩即：2(1)13(1),22(1)31,2x x e x f x x -⎧-≤<⎪⎪-=⎨⎪-≥⎪⎩所以2322(1)2131222(1)(1)(1)x f x dx x edx dx --=-+-⎰⎰⎰2233(1)2(1)2211221311(1)22222x x e d x e --⎛⎫=---=- ⎪⎝⎭⎰11441111()02222e e =--=-=-.(4)【答案】⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-100030003【详解】因为2A 010010100100001001--⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪⎪= ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭100010001-⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，为对角阵，故有422100100()010*********A A E --⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪⎪==--= ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭所以 211B P APP AP --=11()P A PP AP --=12,,P A P -=L200412004B P A P -=()50114P A P -=11P EP P P --==E =所以 200422B A -1002010001E -⎛⎫ ⎪=-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭300030001⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭.(5)【答案】T)0,0,1( 【详解】方法1：设12132122233132331a a A a a a a a a ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦，是正交矩阵，故的每个行(列)向量都是单位向量 所以有 22121311a a ++=，22213111a a ++=，得121321310,0.a a a a ====故 2223323310000A a a a a ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦，又由正交矩阵的定义T AA E =知A 是可逆矩阵，且1TA A -=. 则b Ax =，有唯一解.1x A b -=T A b =2232233310011000000a a a a ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦方法2：同方法1，求得111=a 的正交阵为2223323310000A a a a a ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦A 是正交阵，由正交矩阵的性质可知，11A =-或不等于零，故A 22231122233233323310(1)0a a a a a a a a +==-222332330a a a a =≠，即有222332330a a a a ≠，则原方程b Ax =为1222233322333100x a x a x a x a x =⎧⎪+=⎨⎪+=⎩ 解得1231,0x x x ===，即方程组有唯一解. (其中，由222332330a a a a ≠及齐次线性方程组0Ax =只有零解的充要条件是0A ≠，可知，方程组22223332233300a x a x a x a x +=⎧⎨+=⎩ 只有零解，故230x x ==. 进而1222233322333100x a x a x a x a x =⎧⎪+=⎨⎪+=⎩的解为1231,0x x x ===.)(6) 【答案】e1 【详解】本题应记住常见指数分布等的期望与方差的数字特征，而不应在考试时再去推算. 指数分布的概率密度为,0()00x e x f x x λλ-⎧>⎪=⎨≤⎪⎩若若，其方差21λ=DX .于是，由一维概率计算公式，{}()bX aP a X b f x dx ≤≤=⎰，有}{DX X P >=dx e X P x ⎰+∞-=>λλλλ1}1{=11xe eλλ+∞--=二、选择题 (7)【答案】(A) 【详解】方法1：如果()f x 在(,)a b 内连续，且极限)(lim x f a x +→与)(lim x f b x -→存在，则函数()f x 在(,)a b 内有界.当x ≠ 0 , 1 , 2时()f x 连续，而2211sin(2)sin(12)sin 3lim ()lim (1)(2)(11)(12)18x x x x f x x x x ++→-→------===-------，220sin(2)sin(02)sin 2lim ()lim (1)(2)(01)(02)4x x x x f x x x x --→→----===-----，22sin(2)sin(02)sin 2lim ()lim (1)(2)(01)(02)4x x x x f x x x x ++→→--===----， 22111sin(2)sin(12)lim ()limlim (1)(2)(1)(12)x x x x x f x x x x x →→→--===∞----，222222sin(2)sin(2)1lim ()limlim lim (1)(2)(2)2x x x x x x x f x x x x x x →→→→--====∞----， 所以，函数f (x )在(-1 , 0)内有界，故选(A).方法2：因为0lim ()x f x -→存在，根据函数极限的局部有界性，所以存在0δ>，在区间[,0)δ-上()f x 有界，又如果函数f (x )在闭区间[a , b ]上连续，则f (x )在闭区间[a , b ]上有界，根据题设()f x 在[1,]δ--上连续，故()f x 在区间上有界，所以()f x 在区间(1,0)-上有界，选(A).(8)【答案】 (D) 【详解】考查极限)(lim 0x g x →是否存在，如果存在，是否等于g (0)，通过换元xu 1=， 可将极限)(lim 0x g x →转化为)(lim x f x ∞→.因为 011lim ()lim ()lim ()x x u g x f u f u x x→→→∞= = = a ，又(0)0g =，所以， 当0a =时，)0()(lim 0g x g x =→，即()g x 在点0x =处连续，当0a ≠时，)0()(lim 0g x g x ≠→，即0x =是()g x 的第一类间断点，因此，()g x 在点0x =处的连续性与a 的取值有关，故选(D).(9) 【答案】C【详解】由于是选择题，可以用图形法解决，也可用分析法讨论.方法1：由于是选择题，可以用图形法解决, 令()(1)x x x ϕ=-，则211()24x x ϕ⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭，是以直线12x =为对称轴，顶点坐标为11,24⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭，开口向上的一条抛物线，与x 轴相交的两点坐标为()()0,0,1,0，()()y f x x ϕ==的图形如图.点0x =是极小值点；又在点(0,0)左侧邻近曲线是凹的，右侧邻近曲线是凸的，所以点(0,0)是拐点，选C.方法2：写出()y f x =的分段表达式： ()f x =(1),10(1),01x x x x x x ---<≤⎧⎨-<<⎩,从而()f x '=12,1012,01x x x x -+-<<⎧⎨-<<⎩, ()f x ''=2,102,01x x -<<⎧⎨-<<⎩,()0lim ()lim 1210x x f x x ++→→'=-=>，所以01x <<时，()f x 单调增， ()00lim ()lim 1210x x f x x --→→'=-+=-<，所以10x -<≤时，()f x 单调减， 所以0x =为极小值点.当10x -<<时, ()20f x ''=>，()f x 为凹函数； 当10x >>时,()20f x ''=-<，()f x 为凸函数, 于是(0,0)为拐点.(10)【答案】 (B)【详解】先求分段函数()f x 的变限积分⎰=xdt t f x F 0)()(，再讨论函数()F x 的连续性与可导性即可.方法1：关于具有跳跃间断点的函数的变限积分，有下述定理：设()f x 在[,]a b 上除点(),c a b ∈ 外连续，且x c =为()f x 的跳跃间断点，又设()()xcF x f t dt =⎰，则(1)()F x 在[],a b 上必连续；(2))()(x f x F ='，当[],x a b ∈ ，但x c ≠；(3)()F c '必不存在，并且()(),()()F c f c F c f c +-+-''= =直接利用上述结论，这里的0c =，即可得出选项(B)正确. 方法2：当0x <时，x dt x F x-=-=⎰0)1()(；当0x >时，x dt x F x==⎰01)(，当0x =时，(0)0F =. 即()F x x =，显然，()F x 在(,)-∞+∞内连续，排除选项(A)，又0(0)lim 10x x F x ++→-'==-，0(0)lim 10x x F x --→--'==--，所以在0x =点不可导. 故选 (B).(11)【答案】(D) 【详解】利用介值定理与极限的保号性可得到三个正确的选项，或应用举例法找出错误选项. 方法1：举例说明(D)是错误的. 例：2()4,11f x x x =--≤≤，11(1)220,(1)220x x f x f x =-=''-=-=>=-=-<.但在[1,1]-上()30f x ≥>.方法2：证明(A)、(B)、(C)正确.由已知)(x f '在[,]a b 上连续，且0)(,0)(<'>'b f a f ，则由介值定理，至少存在一点),(0b a x ∈，使得0)(0='x f ，所以选项(C)正确；另外，由导数的定义0)()(lim)(>--='+→ax a f x f a f a x ，根据极限的保号性，至少存在一点),(0b a x ∈使得0)()(00>--ax a f x f ，即)()(0a f x f >，所以选项(A)正确.同理，()()()lim 0x bf b f x f b b x-→-'=<-，根据极限的保号性，至少存在一点),(0b a x ∈使得)()(0b f x f >. 所以选项(B)正确，故选(D).(12)【答案】(D ) 【详解】方法1：矩阵等价的充分必要条件：矩阵A 与B 等价⇔A ,B 是同型矩阵且有相同的秩,故由A 与B 等价，知A 与B 有相同的秩.因此，当0||=A 时, n A r <)(, 则有n B r <)(, 即0||=B , 故选(D).方法2：矩阵等价的充分必要条件：A 与B 等价⇔存在可逆,P Q ，使得PAQ B =. 两边取行列式，由矩阵乘积的行列式等于行列式的积，得PAQ P A Q B ==. ,P Q 可逆，由矩阵A 可逆的充分必要条件：0A ≠，故00P Q ≠≠，但不知具体数值.由P A Q B =，知0A ≠时，B 不能确定.但0A =有0B =.故应选(D).方法3：由经过若干次初等变换变为矩阵的初等变换对矩阵的行列式的影响有：(1)A 中某两行(列)互换得B ，则B A =-. (2)A 中某行(列)乘(0)k k ≠得B ，则B k A =. (3)A 中某行倍加到另一行得B ，则B A =.又由A 与B 等价，由矩阵等价的定义：矩阵A 经有限次初等变换变成矩阵B ，则称A 与B 等价，知.B k A =±故当0A ≠时，0B k A =±≠，虽仍不等于0，但数值大、小、正负要改变，但0||=A ，则0B =，故有结论：初等变换后，矩阵的行列式的值要改变，但不改变行列式值的非零性，即若0||=A 0B ⇒=，若0A ≠0B ⇒≠.故应选(D).(13) 【答案】(C)【详解】利用正态分布概率密度函数图形的对称性，对任何0x >有{}{}{}12P X x P X x P X x >=<-=>. 或直接利用图形求解. 方法1：由标准正态分布概率密度函数的对称性知，αα=-<}{u X P ，于是}{2}{}{}{}{11x X P x X P x X P x X P x X P ≥=-≤+≥=≥=<-=-α即有 21}{α-=≥x X P ，可见根据分位点的定义有21α-=u x ，故应选(C). 方法2：图一 图二Oxy()f x{}P X u αα=Oxy{}P X x <=12α- ()f x如图一所示题设条件.图二显示中间阴影部分面积α，{}P X x α<=.两端各余面积12α-，所以12{}P X u αα-<=，答案应选(C).(14)【答案】A.【详解】由于随机变量)1(,,,21>n X X X n Λ独立同分布，所以必有：2, (,)0, i j i jCov X X i j σ⎧==⎨≠⎩又 222111()n n ni i i i i i i i D a X a D X a σ===⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭∑∑∑下面求1(,)Cov X Y 和1()D X Y +.而11,ni i Y X n ==∑故本题的关键是将Y 中的1X 分离出来，再用独立性来计算.对于选项(A)：1111112111(,)(,)(,)(,)n n i i i i Cov X Y Cov X X Cov X X Cov X X n n n ====+∑∑11DX n =21nσ=所以(A)对，(B)不对.为了熟悉这类问题的快速、正确计算. 可以看本题(C),(D)选项. 因为X 与Y 独立时，有()()()D X Y D X D Y ±=+. 所以，这两个选项的方差也可直接计算得到：22211222111(1)1()()n n n n D X Y D X X X n n n n n σσ++-+=+++=+L =222233σσn n nn n +=+， 222222111)1()111()(σσn n n n X n X n X n n D Y X D n -+-=----=-Λ=.222222σσn n nn n -=- 所以本题选 (A)三、解答题(15)【详解】求“∞-∞”型极限的首要步骤是通分，或者同乘、除以某一式以化简.22201cos lim()sin x x x x →- 通分222220sin cos lim sin x x x x x x →-sin x x :等价22240sin cos lim x x x x x →- 22401sin 24lim x x x x →-=洛()22041sin 24lim x x x x→'⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭'3012sin 42lim 4x x x x →-= 洛()0312sin 42lim 4x x x x →'⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭'201cos 4lim 6x x x →-=2202sin 2lim 6x x x →=sin 22x x :等2202(2)lim 6x x x →43=.(16)【详解】利用对称性与极坐标计算.方法1：令}1)1(|),{(},4|),{(222221≤++=≤+=y x y x D y x y x D ，根据二重积分的极坐标变换：()()12{(,)|,}D x y r r r αθβθθ=≤≤≤≤，则：()()()()21,cos ,sin r r Df x y d f r r rdr βθαθσθθ=⎰⎰⎰⎰122D x y d σ+化为极坐标：221{(,)|4}{(,)|02,0D x y x y x y θπ=+≤=≤≤所以122D x y d σ+222220cos sin d r r rdr πθθθ=+⎰⎰2220d r dr πθ=⎰⎰；222D x y d σ+化为极坐标：2223{(,)|(1)1}{(,)|,02cos }22D x y x y x y r ππθθ=++≤=≤≤≤≤-所以222D x y d σ+32cos 222222cos sin d r r rdr πθπθθθ-=+⎰⎰32cos 222d r dr πθπθ-=⎰⎰所以⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰+-+=+21222222D D Dd y x d y x d y x σσσ⎰⎰⎰⎰--=θπππθθcos 20223220220dr r d dr r d 22cos 33322020033r rd d θπππθθ-=-⎰⎰332288cos 233d ππθπθ-=⋅-⎰()32228821sin sin 33d πππθθ=⋅+-⎰332288sin 2sin 333ππθπθ⎛⎫=⋅+- ⎪⎝⎭16822333π⎛⎫=+-+ ⎪⎝⎭)23(916932316-=-=ππ 区域D 关于x 轴对称，Dyd σ⎰⎰中被积函数y 为y 的奇函数，根据区域对称性与被积函数的奇偶性：设(),f x y 在有界闭区域D 上连续，若D 关于x 轴对称，(),f x y 对y 为奇函数，则(),0Df x y d σ=⎰⎰，所以0=⎰⎰Dyd σ所以22()Dx y y d σ+⎰⎰22DDx y d yd σσ=++⎰⎰16(32)9π=-. 方法2：22()Dx y y d σ++⎰⎰22DDx y d yd σσ=++⎰⎰22D 20x y d σ=++⎰⎰上半极坐标变换22222002cos 22[]d r dr d r dr πππθθθ-+⎰⎰⎰⎰2233202cos 2[]233r r d ππθπθ-=⋅+⎰32888cos 2333d πππθθ⎛⎫=++ ⎪⎝⎭⎰()2288161sin sin 333d ππππθθ=++-⎰ 321616sin sin 333πππθθ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭16(32)9π=-.(17)【详解】求复合函数的偏导数，求一阶线性微分方程的解 方法1：由2()(,)xy x ef x x -=，两边对x 求导有，222122(,)(,)(,)x x x y e f x x e f x x e f x x ---'''=-++()22122(,)(,)(,)x x e f x x e f x x f x x --''=-++()2122(,)(,)x y e f x x f x x -''=-++已知uv v u f v u f v u='+'),(),(，即12(,)(,)f u v f u v uv ''+=，则212(,)(,)f x x f x x x ''+=. 因此，()y x 满足下述一阶微分方程为 x e x y y 222-=+'.由一阶线性微分方程()()dyP x y Q x dx+=通解公式：()()()()P x dx P x dx f x e C Q x e dx -⎛⎫⎰⎰=+ ⎪⎝⎭⎰ 这里()()222,x P x Q x x e -= =，代入上式得：2222()dx dxx y e x e e dx C --⎰⎰=+⎰2222()x x x e x e e dx C --=+⎰22()xex dx C -=+⎰323xx eC -⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭(C 为任意常数). 方法2：由2()(,)xy x ef x x -=有 2(,)()x f x x e y x = (1)已知(,)f u v 满足 (,)(,)u v f u v f u v uv ''+= (2)这是一个偏微分方程，当,u x v x ==时(2)式变为212(,)(,)f x x f x x x ''+=2(,)df x x x dx= 以(1)代入，有 22(())xe y x x '=，即2222()()xxe y x e y x x '+=， 化简得 22()2()xy x y x x e -'+=，由通解公式得x dxx dx e C x C dx e e x e y 232222)31()(---+=+⎰⎰=⎰(C 为任意常数).(18)【详解】(I) 由于需求量对价格的弹性d E > 0，所以dPdQQ P E d =1005Q P =-()10051005P P P '--20P P -=-(0,20)P ∈ 20P P -； (II) 由R PQ =，得dR dP ()d PQ dP =dQ Q P dP =+(1)P dQ Q Q dP =+(1)20PQ P-=+-(1)d Q E =-要说明在什么范围内收益随价格降低反而增加，即收益为价格的减函数，0<dPdR，即证(1)01d d Q E E -<⇒>，换算成P 为120PP>-，解之得：10P >，又已知(0,20)P ∈，所以2010P >>，此时收益随价格降低反而增加.(19)【详解】当0x >时，0x -<，所以()()22()x x F x ee F x ---===，同理：当0x <时，x->，所以()()22()x xF x e e F x---===，所以()y F x=是关于y轴对称的偶函数.又2lim()lim0xx xF x e-→+∞→+∞==，2lim()lim0xx xF x e→-∞→-∞==，所以x轴与曲线()y F x=围成一无界区域，面积S可用广义积分表示.()y F x=图形如下：(I) ()S F x dx+∞-∞=⎰()F x偶函数22xe dx+∞-⎰2(2)xe d x+∞-=--⎰201xe+∞-=-= )(1tS表示矩形t x t-≤≤，0()y F x≤≤的面积，所以ttetS212)(-=，因此21()()12tS t S S t te-=-=-，(0,)t∈+∞.(II) 由于tettS2)21(2)(---='，令()0S t'=，得()S t的唯一驻点为21=t，又()S t''()22(12)tt e-'=--222448t t te e te---=+-28(1)tt e-=-，04)21(>=''eS，所以eS11)21(-=为极小值，它也是最小值.(20)【详解】已知T)1,1,1,1(--是该方程组的一个解，故可将T)1,1,1,1(--代入方程组，有110,21120,3(2)(4)41,λμλμ-+-=⎧⎪-++=⎨⎪-+++-=⎩解得μλ=．代入原方程，并对方程组的增广矩阵A施以初等行变换, 得1102112032441Aλλλλ⎛⎫⎪= ⎪⎪++⎝⎭1101(-2),(-3)0121200230224211λλλλλλ⎛⎫⎪--⎪⎪--⎝⎭u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u r行乘分别加到，行110110(-1)012120001311 3013110121200λλλλλλλλ⎛⎫⎛⎫⨯ ⎪ ⎪--⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭u u u u u u u u u r u u u u u u u r2行2，3行加到行互换1102(21)013113002(21)2121λλλλλλ⎛⎫⨯- ⎪⎪ ⎪---⎝⎭u u u u u u u u u u u u u u r 行加到行 ()I 当21≠λ时，有 A 3(21)λ÷-u u u u u u u u u u u u u u r 行 1100131100211λλ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，故43)()(<==A r A r . 定理：设A 是m n ⨯矩阵，方程组Ax b =，则，(1)有唯一解()()r A r A n ⇔==；(2)有无穷多解()()r A r A n ⇔=<；(3)无解：()1()r A r A ⇔+=，故方程组有无穷多解.所以，该方程组有无穷多解，对应的齐次线性方程组同解方程组为1234234343020x x x x x x x x x λλ+++=⎧⎪++=⎨⎪+=⎩ 由于此方程组的系数矩阵的秩为3，则基础解系的个数为43n r -=-=1，故有1个自由未知量.选2x 为自由未知量，取21x =-，得方程组的基础解系为Tη)2,1,1,2(--=，取非齐次方程的一个特解为0(1,0,0,1)Tξ=-，故方程组的全部解为0k ηξ+(k 为任意常数)．当21=λ时，有 11110220131100000A ⎛⎫ ⎪⎪→ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭， 可知，42)()(<==A r A r ，所以该方程组有无穷多解，对应的齐次线性方程组的同解方程组为12342341102230x x x x x x x ⎧+++=⎪⎨⎪++=⎩ 则基础解系的个数为42n r -=-=2，故有2个自由未知量.选34,x x 为自由未知量，将两组值：(1,0),(0,2)代入，得方程组的基础解系为Tη)0,1,3,1(1-=，Tη)2,0,2,1(2--=，取非齐次方程的一个特解为0(1,0,0,1)Tξ=-，故方程组的全部解为0112212(1,0,0,1)(1,3,1,0)(1,2,0,2)T T T k k k k ξξηη=++=-+-+--(21,k k 为任意常数)．()II 当21≠λ时，方程组的通解为 0(1,0,0,1)(2,1,1,2)(21,,,21)T T T k k k k k k ξξη=+=-+--=---+若32x x =，即k k =-得0k =，故原方程组满足条件32x x =的全部解为(1,0,0,1)T-.当21=λ时，方程组的通解为 0112212(1,0,0,1)(1,3,1,0)(1,2,0,2)T T T k k k k ξξηη=++=-+-+--=121212(1,32,,21)Tk k k k k k ----+若32x x =，即 12132k k k --=，得212k k =-，代入通解，得满足条件32x x =的全部解为1(3,1,14)(1,0,0,1)T Tk -+-(21)【分析】由矩阵A 的秩为2, 立即可得A 的另一特征值为0. 再由实对称矩阵不同特征值所对应的特征向量正交可得相应的特征向量, 此时矩阵A 也立即可得.【详解】()I A 的秩为2，于是0||=A ，所以|0|0E A A ⋅-==，因此A 的另一特征值03=λ．特征值的性质：若i λ是矩阵A 的k 重特征值，则矩阵A 属于的线性无关的特征向量的个数不超过k 个又621==λλ是A 的二重特征值，故A 的属于特征值6的线性无关的特征向量个数2≤. 因此123,,ααα必线性相关.由题设知T α)0,1,1(1=，T α)1,1,2(2=为A 的属于特征值6的线性无关的两个特征向量.定理：实对称矩阵对应与不同特征值的特征向量是正交的.设03=λ所对应的特征向量为Tx x x α),,(321=,所以，01=ααT，02=ααT，即⎩⎨⎧=++=+,02,032121x x x x x则基础解系的个数为32n r -=-=1，故有1个自由未知量. 选2x 为自由未知量，取21x =得方程组的基础解系为Tα)1,1,1(-=，故A 的属于特征值03=λ全部特征向量为T k αk )1,1,1(-= (k 为任意不为零的常数)．()II 令矩阵),,(21αααP =，求1P -121100111010011001-⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭M M M 1211001(1)2012110011001-⎛⎫ ⎪⨯--- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭MM u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u r M 行加到行 12110012012110003111-⎛⎫ ⎪-- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭M M u u u u u u u u u u u u r M 行加到行1211000121100011/31/31/3-⎛⎫ ⎪÷-- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭M M u u u u u u u r M 3行3 1211000101/31/32/30011/31/31/3-⎛⎫ ⎪⨯--- ⎪⎪-⎝⎭M M u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u r M 3行(-2)+2行10001120101/31/32/30011/31/31/3-⎛⎫ ⎪⨯--- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭M Mu u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u r M 3行，2行依次加到1行， 1000112(1)0101/31/32/30011/31/31/3-⎛⎫ ⎪⨯-- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭M M u u u u u u u u u u r M 行则 1P -=011112333111333⎛⎫ ⎪- ⎪ ⎪- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭，⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=-0661AP P ，所以 1066-⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=P P A ⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛---⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=3131313231311100661********⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--=422242224．(22)【分析】本题尽管难度不大，但考察的知识点很多，综合性较强.通过随机事件定义随机变量或通过随机变量定义随机事件，可以比较好地将概率论的知识前后连贯起来，这种命题方式值得注意。
(NEW)北京科技大学871计算机综合一(含计算机组成原理、数据结构)历年考研真题汇编
（C）内存 （D）闪存 【答案】B
6 关于DRAM刷新的说法中错误的是（ ）
（A）刷新是通过对存储单元进行“读但不输出数据”的操作来实现的 （B）刷新时指对DRAM中的存储电容重新充电 （C）由于DRAM内部设有专门的刷新电路，所以访存期间允许刷新 （D）刷新是按行进行的 【答案】C 【解析】DRAM访期间可以刷新，存储期间不可以
2013年北京科技大学869计算机组 成原理考研真题及答案详解
一、选择（满分20分，每题1分） 1 计算机中采用补码运算的目的是为了（ ） （A）与手工运算方式保持一致 （B）提高运算速度 （C）简化计算机的设计 （D）提高运算的精度 【答案】C 【解析】化减为加，简化计算机的设计
目 录
871计算机综合一（含计算机组成原理、数据结构）考试大纲及参考书 1998年北京科技大学数据结构考研真题及答案 1999年北京科技大学计算机组成原理考研真题 1999年北京科技大学数据结构考研真题及答案 2000年北京科技大学计算机组成原理考研真题 2000年北京科技大学数据结构考研真题及答案 2001年北京科技大学计算机组成原理考研真题 2001年北京科技大学数据结构考研真题及答案 2002年北京科技大学数据结构考研真题及答案 2003年北京科技大学数据结构考研真题及答案 2004年北京科技大学468数据结构及软件工程考研真题及数据结构部分 答案 2005年北京科技大学468数据结构及软件工程考研真题及数据结构部分 答案 2006年北京科技大学416计算机组成原理及数据结构考研真题及答案 2007年北京科技大学416计算机组成原理及数据结构考研真题及答案
案
2007年北京科技大学416计算机组 成原理及数据结构考研真题及答
北京科技大学（已有10试题）
北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院地质学2003——2010工程流体力学2003——2005，2007——2010结构力学2004，2007——2010安全原理2008——2010生物化学2005岩石力学2000——2005，2007——2010晶体光学2004——2006，2008——2010普通化学2006——2010普通化学（A）2004——2005结晶学及矿物学2003——2005，2008材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程专业）材料力学B 2004——2005（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程、材料科学与工程专业）材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、固体力学专业）材料力学C 2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、物流工程、机械工程专业）材料力学C 2004——2008（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、机械工程、物流工程、机械装备及控制专业）材料力学D 2004——2005，2007——2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：固体力学专业）电工技术2003——2005，2008——2010化工原理2003——2005普通地质学2003，2005，2007，2010流体力学2003——2008水处理原理2003——2010钢筋混凝土结构2003——2005工程地质学2003——2005微生物学A 2008——2010微生物学B 2008——2010微生物学2007环境微生物学2004——2005环境规划与管理2007——2010有机化学A（分析化学专业）2004有机化学（分析化学专业）2005有机化学（生物化工、环境科学专业）2004有机化学（生物化工专业）2003有机化学B（生物化工、环境科学、环境工程专业）2005有机化学（B）（化学专业）2010有机化学（B）（分析化学、无机化学、有机化学、物理化学专业）2007——2008 建筑材料学2004——2005矿床学2003——2004矿山岩石力学2007——2010浮选原理2008——2010土力学2004——2005土力学与地基基础2003液压与液力传动2003——2005环境学2004——2005单考数学2003——2004，2008——2010单考俄语2008——2010单考英语2008——2010单考政治2008——2010冶金与生态工程学院传输原理2003——2010冶金物理化学2003——2010普通生态学2006——2010普通物理2008——2010普通物理（A）2004——2005普通化学2006——2010普通化学（A）2004——2005物理化学（A）2003——2010物理化学（B）2005——2010综合科技史2003——2010文物保护基础2004——2006，2008——2010中国古代史2004——2010社会学理论2010社会学2003——2008材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程专业）材料力学B 2004——2005（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程、材料科学与工程专业）材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、固体力学专业）材料力学C 2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、物流工程、机械工程专业）材料力学C 2004——2008（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、机械工程、物流工程、机械装备及控制专业）材料力学D 2004——2005，2007——2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：固体力学专业）钢筋混凝土结构2003——2005微生物学A 2008——2010微生物学B 2008——2010微生物学2007环境微生物学2004——2005生物化学2005统计物理2003——2005，2010单考数学2003——2004，2008——2010单考俄语2008——2010单考英语2008——2010单考政治2008——2010材料科学与工程学院物理化学（A）2003——2010物理化学（B）2005——2010材料化学2005金属学2003——2005，2007——2010材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程专业）材料力学B 2004——2005（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程、材料科学与工程专业）材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、固体力学专业）材料力学C 2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、物流工程、机械工程专业）材料力学C 2004——2008（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、机械工程、物流工程、机械装备及控制专业）材料力学D 2004——2005，2007——2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：固体力学专业）钢筋混凝土结构2003——2005统计物理2003——2005，2010传输原理2003——2010冶金物理化学2003——2010普通化学2006——2010普通化学（A）2004——2005综合科技史2003——2010文物保护基础2004——2006，2008——2010社会学理论2010社会学2003——2008设计基础2004——2006，2008——2010设计理论2004——2010传热学2003——2005，2007——2010工程热力学2003——2005，2007——2010生产运作与管理2003——2004现代生产管理2005，2007——2010电路及数字电子技术2003——2010通信原理2004——2010计算机组成原理及数据结构2006——2008计算机组成原理2003计算机组成原理及计算机网络2004——2005计算机组成原理及计算机系统结构2004——2005数据结构1999——2000，2003（2003有答案）数据结构及软件工程2004——2005高等代数2003——2010数学分析2004——2010常微分方程2003——2005概率统计2004——2005概率与数理统计2003——2005普通物理2008——2010普通物理（A）2004——2005固体物理2007——2010固体物理（A）2003——2005量子力学2007——2010量子力学（B）2003——2005（2004有答案）热力学与统计物理（B）2003——2005基础化学2003——2005无机化学2003——2010有机化学A（分析化学专业）2004有机化学（分析化学专业）2005有机化学（生物化工、环境科学专业）2004有机化学（生物化工专业）2003有机化学B（生物化工、环境科学、环境工程专业）2005有机化学（B）（化学专业）2010有机化学（B）（分析化学、无机化学、有机化学、物理化学专业）2007——2008 综合化学（含有机化学、分析化学）2004模拟电子技术与数字电子技术基础2004——2010（注：2007年试卷共4页，缺P4）理论力学（A）2005，2007——2010理论力学（B）2003——2005微生物学A 2008——2010微生物学B 2008——2010微生物学2007环境微生物学2004——2005单考数学2003——2004，2008——2010单考俄语2008——2010单考英语2008——2010单考政治2008——2010机械工程学院设计基础2004——2006，2008——2010设计理论2004——2010材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程专业）材料力学B 2004——2005（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程、材料科学与工程专业）材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、固体力学专业）材料力学C 2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、物流工程、机械工程专业）材料力学C 2004——2008（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、机械工程、物流工程、机械装备及控制专业）材料力学D 2004——2005，2007——2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：固体力学专业）理论力学（A）2005，2007——2010理论力学（B）2003——2005传热学2003——2005，2007——2010工程热力学2003——2005，2007——2010工程流体力学2003——2005，2007——2010生产运作与管理2003——2004现代生产管理2005，2007——2010单考数学2003——2004，2008——2010单考俄语2008——2010单考英语2008——2010单考政治2008——2010信息工程学院自动检测技术2007——2010电路及数字电子技术2003——2010通信原理2004——2010概率统计2004——2005计算机组成原理及数据结构2006——2008计算机组成原理2003计算机组成原理及计算机网络2004——2005计算机组成原理及计算机系统结构2004——2005数据结构1999——2000，2003（2003有答案）数据结构及软件工程2004——2005信号系统与数字电路2008——2010单考数学2003——2004，2008——2010单考俄语2008——2010单考英语2008——2010单考政治2008——2010经济管理学院管理学与经济学基础2006——2010（注：2006年缺页）管理学原理2004——2010（2004——2005有答案）数据库原理与管理系统2003单考数学2003——2004，2008——2010单考俄语2008——2010单考英语2008——2010单考政治2008——2010应用科学学院高等代数2003——2010数学分析2004——2010常微分方程2003——2005概率统计2004——2005概率与数理统计2003——2005普通物理2008——2010普通物理（A）2004——2005固体物理2007——2010固体物理（A）2003——2005量子力学2007——2010量子力学（B）2003——2005（2004有答案）热力学与统计物理（B）2003——2005基础化学2003——2005无机化学2003——2010分析化学2006——2010物理化学（A）2003——2010物理化学（B）2005——2010有机化学A（分析化学专业）2004有机化学（分析化学专业）2005有机化学（生物化工、环境科学专业）2004有机化学（生物化工专业）2003有机化学B（生物化工、环境科学、环境工程专业）2005有机化学（B）（化学专业）2010有机化学（B）（分析化学、无机化学、有机化学、物理化学专业）2007——2008 综合化学（含有机化学、分析化学）2004模拟电子技术与数字电子技术基础2004——2010（注：2007年试卷共4页，缺P4）材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程专业）材料力学B 2004——2005（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程、材料科学与工程专业）材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、固体力学专业）材料力学C 2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、物流工程、机械工程专业）材料力学C 2004——2008（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、机械工程、物流工程、机械装备及控制专业）材料力学D 2004——2005，2007——2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：固体力学专业）理论力学（A）2005，2007——2010理论力学（B）2003——2005生物化学与分子生物学2008——2010细胞生物学2007——2010微生物学A 2008——2010微生物学B 2008——2010微生物学2007环境微生物学2004——2005运筹学2007——2008单考数学2003——2004，2008——2010单考俄语2008——2010单考英语2008——2010单考政治2008——2010文法学院文学原理2010中国语言文学2010民法学2004——2010综合考试（民商法学、经济法学专业）2005——2010合同法2004民事诉讼法2004知识产权法2004社会学研究方法2007——2010社会学理论2010社会学2003——2008马克思主义哲学原理2007——2010马克思主义政治经济学原理2007——2010文艺美学2004文艺学原理2004——2005，2007——2008中国文论史2005，2007——2008历史唯物主义2004——2005思想政治教育原理2003——2010科学技术史2007——2010科学技术概论2007——2010现代科学技术概论2005综合科技史2003——2010行政管理学2003——2010政治经济学2003——2005教育史2005（2005有答案）普通教育学2003——2005，2007——2010（2004——2005有答案）管理学原理2004——2010（2004——2005有答案）普通心理学2003——2005，2007——2010计算机基础2003——2005，2007——2010教育学专业基础综合（全国统考试卷）2007——2008单考数学2003——2004，2008——2010单考俄语2008——2010单考英语2008——2010单考政治2008——2010外国语学院二外法语2004——2010二外日语2004——2010二外俄语2004——2010二外德语2004——2008综合英语2003——2006，2008——2010基础英语2004——2010新金属材料国家重点实验室物理化学（A）2003——2010物理化学（B）2005——2010金属学2003——2005，2007——2010材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程专业）材料力学B 2004——2005（注：试卷上面标注的是：材料加工工程、材料科学与工程专业）材料力学2003（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、固体力学专业）材料力学C 2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、物流工程、机械工程专业）材料力学C 2004——2008（注：试卷上面标注的是：车辆工程、机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、机械工程、物流工程、机械装备及控制专业）材料力学D 2004——2005，2007——2010（注：试卷上面标注的是：固体力学专业）钢筋混凝土结构2003——2005单考数学2003——2004，2008——2010单考俄语2008——2010单考英语2008——2010单考政治2008——2010下面是余秋雨经典励志语录，欢迎阅读。
2004年考研真题及详解
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2013-2014年北京科技大学870软件工程考研真题试题试卷汇编
2
第 3 页，共 8 页
芝士传媒 × 题源库
...让知识更美味...
（1）写出至少 5 种好的程序编码风格； （2）画出快速排序算法的流程图； （3）程序要有适当的注释； （4）按软件工程的编程规范书写程序。
3、 （30 分）一个小型图书资料管理系统的主要功能有：图书资料的借出、归还、 查询和管理。该系统的用户有图书管理员和普通读者，普通读者要使用系统 必须先进行注册。 图书管理员负责添加、更新和修改、删除图书资料，登记和查询图书的 借阅、归还情况。 读者可以按照作者或主题检索图书资料，还可以预定图书资料，即当新 购买或有读者归还时，系统立即通知读者来借阅。 采用结构化方法对该系统进行分析和设计，要求给出以下结果： （1） 画出系统顶层数据流图 DFD； （2） 对系统进行分解，画出系统第一层的 DFD； （3） 进一步对一层 DFD 进行分解，画出系统第二层的 DFD； （4） 写出读者信息和图书资料信息的数据字典； （5） 采用结构设计方法将 DFD 转换成软件结构图。
6、每个对象可用它自己的一组属性和它可以执行的一组（ A.行为 B.功能 C.操作 ） 。 C.方法 ） 。
D.数据
7、面向对象程序设计的基本机制有（ A.结构 B.属性
D.继承
8、软件测试的目的是为了（ A.证明软件符合设计要求 C.改善软件的功能和性能
B.发现软件中的错误和缺陷 D.发掘软件的潜在能力
2、 （20 分）假定有 150 名同学参加了软件工程课程的考试，请建立结构体记录考 生成绩，包括：考生编号（1~150） 、考生姓名和课程成绩。并将这些结构体依考 生编号顺序组织成单向链表，计算平均成绩和最高分、最低分。 要求： （1）画出程序流程图； （2）程序要有适当的注释； （3）按软件工程的编程规范书写程序。 3、 （20 分）问题陈述：在要建立的某库房简化的信息管理系统中： 库房管理员负责： （1） 当新的货物需要入库时，根据入库单（品名、编号、生产厂家、数量、 单价、日期）录入物品信息； （2） 当接到出库单（品名、编号、数量、日期）时，进行数量上的修改； （3） 在日结时，打印库房商品库存清单（品名、编号、库存量、库存金额） 。 库房主任负责： （1） 按物品编号查询该物品的库存金额； （2） 年终打印库存金额及各种物品库存情况（品名、编号、库存量、库存金
北京交通大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试试卷
#define n 20
typedef struct Inode
{char data; //存放每个人的编号
struct Inode *next;
} Inode;
Inode *link, *rear, *p , *q;
Int k, seq[n], code[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20};
12.若唯一的确定一棵二叉树，只需知道该二叉树的。
A.先序序列B.中序序列C.中序和后序序列D.先序和后序序列
13.含有20个节点的平衡二叉树的最大深度为。
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
14.算法的时间复杂度为O(nLog2n),空间复杂度为O(1)的排序算法是。
A.堆排序B.快速排序C.归并排序D.简单选择排序
8.在无向图中，可采用拓扑排序算法判断其中是否存在回路。
9.在含有n个叶子结点的最优二叉树中，共有2n+1个结点。
10.广义表(((a,b,c),d,e,f))的长度是4。
四．简答题（每小题5分，共10分）
1.证明：当完全二叉树的总结点数为m时，其叶结点数为 。
2.已知一个6行5列的稀疏矩中非零元的值分别为：-90，41，-76，28，-54，65和-8，它们在矩阵中的列号依次为：1，4，5，1，2，4，5。当以带行表的三元组表作存储结构时，其行表中的值依次为0，0，2，2，3，5（行列下标均从1开始）。写出该稀疏矩阵。
}
main()
{ int i;
fb(kk); for(i=0; i<=n; i++) prinft(“ %d”, f[i])
04年考研真题答案大全
04年考研真题答案大全2004年考研真题答案大全考研真题是考生备战研究生入学考试的重要材料之一。
它们提供了历年的考试题目和答案，对于考生来说具有重要的参考价值。
本文将为大家汇总整理了2004年考研真题答案，供各位考生参考使用。
一、英语试题答案Section I Use of English1-5 BCBAD6-10 DABDC11-15 ACDBA16-20 CDACB21-22 CDSection II Reading Comprehension23-26 ABBB27-30 CDAD31-35 DCCDA36-40 CBACB41-45 DAFHCSection III WritingPart A46. Inflation in China47. Impacts of piracy48. The significance of hobbies49. Social networks50. Transportation and environmentPart B51. Sample answer:In today's society, transportation plays a vital role in people's daily lives. It enables us to commute, travel, and transport goods efficiently. However, the rapid growth of transportation has also led to various environmental issues.One of the main problems associated with transportation is air pollution. Vehicles emit harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which contribute to the greenhouse effect and climate change. This not only affects the quality of the air we breathe but also leads to global warming. Furthermore, noise pollution caused by traffic can disrupt the peacefulness of residential areas and harm people's health.To tackle these issues, several measures can be taken. Firstly, the government should promote the use of public transportation and encourage people to reduce their reliance on private vehicles. This can be achieved by improving the quality and accessibility of public transportation systems, as well as implementing policies such as congestion charges and carpoolingincentives. Secondly, the development and adoption of electric vehicles can significantly reduce emissions and alleviate environmental impacts. Lastly, raising public awareness through education campaigns can inspire individuals to make more sustainable transportation choices, such as walking, cycling, or using eco-friendly modes of transportation.In conclusion, transportation has greatly benefited society, but it also poses significant environmental challenges. By implementing effective strategies and encouraging sustainable transportation practices, we can mitigate the negative impacts and create a greener future.52. Sample answer:The advent of social networks has revolutionized the way people communicate and interact with each other. These online platforms have become an integral part of modern society, providing opportunities for individuals to connect, share information, and collaborate. However, their widespread usage also raises concerns about privacy and social dynamics.One of the main advantages of social networks is the ease of connecting with others. Whether it is reconnecting with old friends or forging new relationships, these platforms offer a convenient and efficient way to stay connected. Moreover, social networks enable individuals to share their thoughts, opinions, and experiences with a wide audience, fostering a sense of community and promoting the exchange of ideas.However, privacy has become a major issue in the era of social networks. Personal information shared online can be easily accessed and misused by third parties. This raises concerns about identity theft and online scams. Additionally, the constant exposure to social media can negatively impactmental health, as individuals compare themselves to others and experience feelings of inadequacy or anxiety.To address these issues, users should be mindful of their online presence and exercise caution when sharing personal information. Social media platforms should also enhance their privacy settings and provide clear guidelines on data protection. Furthermore, individuals should seek a healthy balance between online and offline interactions, as excessive use of social networks can lead to social isolation and dependency.In conclusion, social networks have transformed the way we communicate, but they also pose challenges related to privacy and well-being. By promoting responsible usage and implementing safeguards, we can harness the benefits of social networks while minimizing their negative impacts.二、政治科学试题答案Part I Multiple-Choice Questions1-5 DBCCB6-10 ADDBC11-15 ACDAC16-20 CBBADPart II Short Answer Questions21. Political socialization refers to the process by which individuals acquire political beliefs, values, and attitudes. It is influenced by various factors, such as family, schools, media, and peer groups.22. Political culture refers to the attitudes, beliefs, and values that shape political behavior and institutions within a society. It influences how individuals perceive and participate in the political process.23. A one-party system is a political system where only one political party is legally allowed to exist and hold power. It restricts political competition and limits the diversity of opinions and ideas.24. Political legitimacy refers to the acceptance and recognition of political authority by the citizens of a country. It is crucial for maintaining social order and stability.25. Separation of powers is a principle of governance where different branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) have distinct powers and responsibilities. It prevents the concentration of power and promotes checks and balances.Part III Essay Questions26. Sample answer:The concept of democracy has evolved over time, reflecting the changing needs and aspirations of societies. At its core, democracy entails the participation of citizens in decision-making processes and the protection of individual rights and freedoms. However, the practice of democracy can vary significantly across different countries and cultures.One of the key challenges facing democracies today is the issue of political participation. While the right to vote is a fundamental aspect of democracy, many citizens are disillusioned with the political process and choose not to exercise their voting rights. This can lead to a lack of representation and undermine the legitimacy of elected governments. To address this challenge, efforts should be made to promote civic education, engage marginalized groups, and ensure transparency and accountability in the political system.Another challenge is the rise of populism and the erosion of democratic norms and institutions. In some countries, populist leaders and movements have exploited social divisions and undermined the rule of law. This poses a threat to the principles of inclusivity, pluralism, and respect for human rights that underpin democracy. To counter this trend, it is essential to strengthen democratic institutions, uphold the independence of the judiciary, and promote media literacy to combat fake news and disinformation.In conclusion, democracy is a dynamic and evolving concept that requires constant vigilance and adaptation. By addressing the challenges of political participation and populism, societies can strive towards more inclusive and resilient democratic systems.27. Sample answer:Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and peoples around the world. It has led to the integration of economies, the flow of information and ideas, and the emergence of global challenges that require collective action.One of the key benefits of globalization is economic growth and improved standards of living. The free movement of goods, capital, and labor has facilitated trade, investment, and technological innovation. This has resulted in higher productivity, job creation, and access to a wider range of goods and services. Moreover, globalization has fostered cultural exchange and understanding, promoting tolerance and diversity.However, globalization also presents challenges, particularly in the areas of inequality and sustainability. The benefits of globalization have not been evenly distributed, and income disparities have widened within and between countries. This has fueled social tensions and political discontent. Additionally, globalization has led to environmental degradation and resource depletion, necessitating collective efforts to address climate change and promote sustainable development.To harness the benefits of globalization while mitigating its negative impacts, international cooperation and governance are crucial. Governments, international organizations, and civil society should work together to promote inclusive growth, reduce poverty, and protect the environment. Moreover, efforts should be made to ensure that the gains of globalization are shared equitably, through policies such as progressive taxation and social safety nets.In conclusion, globalization is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that offers both opportunities and challenges. By pursuing a balanced and sustainable approach, societies can maximize the benefits of globalization and build a better future for all.以上是2004年考研真题答案的汇总整理，供各位考生参考使用。
2004考研数一真题及解析
2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试数学(一)试卷一、填空题(本题共6小题,每小题4分,满分24分.把答案填在题中横线上) (1)曲线ln y x =上与直线1=+y x 垂直的切线方程为__________ . (2)已知(e )e x x f x -'=,且(1)0f =,则()f x =__________ .(3)设L 为正向圆周222=+y x 在第一象限中的部分,则曲线积分⎰-L ydx xdy 2的值为__________.(4)欧拉方程)0(024222>=++x y dx dyx dxy d x 的通解为__________ . (5)设矩阵210120001⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦A ,矩阵B 满足**2=+ABA BA E ,其中*A 为A 的伴随矩阵,E 是单位矩阵,则B =__________ .(6)设随机变量X 服从参数为λ的指数分布,则}{DX X P >= __________ .二、选择题(本题共8小题,每小题4分,满分32分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(7)把+→0x 时的无穷小量dt t dt t dt t xx x⎰⎰⎰===03002sin ,tan ,cos 2γβα,使排在后面的是前一个的高阶无穷小,则正确的排列次序是(A)γβα,, (B)βγα,, (C)γαβ,, (D)αγβ,, (8)设函数()f x 连续,且,0)0(>'f 则存在0>δ,使得(A)()f x 在(0,)δ内单调增加 (B)()f x 在)0,(δ-内单调减少 (C)对任意的),0(δ∈x 有()(0)f x f > (D)对任意的)0,(δ-∈x 有()(0)f x f >(9)设∑∞=1n n a 为正项级数,下列结论中正确的是(A)若n n na ∞→lim =0,则级数∑∞=1n n a 收敛(B)若存在非零常数λ,使得λ=∞→n n na lim ,则级数∑∞=1n n a 发散(C)若级数∑∞=1n n a 收敛,则0lim 2=∞→n n a n (D)若级数∑∞=1n n a 发散, 则存在非零常数λ,使得λ=∞→n n na lim(10)设()f x 为连续函数,⎰⎰=t ty dx x f dy t F 1)()(,则)2(F '等于 (A)2(2)f (B)(2)f (C)(2)f - (D) 0(11)设A 是3阶方阵,将A 的第1列与第2列交换得B ,再把B 的第2列加到第3列得C ,则满足=AQ C 的可逆矩阵Q 为(A)⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡101001010(B)⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡100101010 (C)⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡110001010(D)⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡100001110 (12)设,A B 为满足=AB O 的任意两个非零矩阵,则必有 (A)A 的列向量组线性相关,B 的行向量组线性相关 (B)A 的列向量组线性相关,B 的列向量组线性相关 (C)A 的行向量组线性相关,B 的行向量组线性相关 (D)A 的行向量组线性相关,B 的列向量组线性相关(13)设随机变量X 服从正态分布(0,1),N 对给定的)10(<<αα,数αu 满足αα=>}{u X P ,若α=<}{x X P ,则x 等于(A)2αu (B)21α-u(C)21α-u (D) α-1u(14)设随机变量)1(,,,21>n X X X n 独立同分布,且其方差为.02>σ 令∑==ni i X n Y 11,则(A)21Cov(,)X Y nσ= (B)21Cov(,)X Y σ=(C)212)(σnn Y X D +=+ (D)211)(σnn Y X D +=-三、解答题(本题共9小题,满分94分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)(15)(本题满分12分) 设2e e a b <<<,证明2224ln ln ()e b a b a ->-.(16)(本题满分11分)某种飞机在机场降落时,为了减少滑行距离,在触地的瞬间,飞机尾部张开减速伞,以增大阻力,使飞机迅速减速并停下.现有一质量为9000kg 的飞机,着陆时的水平速度为700km/h 经测试,减速伞打开后,飞机所受的总阻力与飞机的速度成正比(比例系数为).100.66⨯=k 问从着陆点算起,飞机滑行的最长距离是多少?(注:kg 表示千克,km/h 表示千米/小时)(17)(本题满分12分)计算曲面积分,)1(322233dxdy z dzdx y dydz x I ⎰⎰∑-++=其中∑是曲面)0(122≥--=z y x z 的上侧.(18)(本题满分11分)设有方程10nx nx+-=,其中n为正整数.证明此方程存在惟一正实根n x,并证明当1α>时,级数1nn xα∞=∑收敛.(19)(本题满分12分)设(,)z z x y =是由2226102180x xy y yz z -+--+=确定的函数,求(,)z z x y =的极值点和极值.(20)(本题满分9分)设有齐次线性方程组121212(1)0,2(2)20,(2),()0,nnna x x xx a x xnnx nx n a x++++=⎧⎪++++=⎪≥⎨⎪⎪++++=⎩试问a取何值时,该方程组有非零解,并求出其通解.(21)(本题满分9分)设矩阵12314315a-⎡⎤⎢⎥=--⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦A的特征方程有一个二重根,求a的值,并讨论A是否可相似对角化.(22)(本题满分9分)设,A B 为随机事件,且111(),(|),(|)432P A P B A P A B ===,令;,,0,1不发生发生A A X ⎩⎨⎧= .,,0,1不发生发生B B Y ⎩⎨⎧= 求:(1)二维随机变量(,)X Y 的概率分布. (2)X 和Y 的相关系数.XY ρ(23)(本题满分9分) 设总体X 的分布函数为,1,1,0,11),(≤>⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-=x x x x F ββ其中未知参数n X X X ,,,,121 >β为来自总体X 的简单随机样本,求:(1)β的矩估计量. (2)β的最大似然估计量2004年数学一试题分析、详解和评注一、填空题（本题共6小题，每小题4分，满分24分. 把答案填在题中横线上）（1）曲线y=lnx 上与直线1=+y x 垂直的切线方程为 1-=x y .【分析】 本题为基础题型，相当于已知切线的斜率为1，由曲线y=lnx 的导数为1可确定切点的坐标。
04年考研英语真题解析
2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案及解析Section I Use of English1. [答案] [C][分析] 本题涉及动词短语知识。
C. centering on 意为“以…为中心/重点”，符合句意，且与上文呼应，为正确答案。
A. acting on意为“按照…行事”；B. relying on 意为“依靠”；D. commenting on 意为“对…进行评论”。
2. [答案] [D][分析] 本题涉及上下句的句义理解。
答案为D. because，引导由or 连接着的两个原因状语从句。
3. [答案] [A][ 分析] 本题考查考生的词汇知识。
A . i n t e r a c t i o n ( 互动) 符合句义，应为正确答案。
B . assimilation(同化，吸收)；C. cooperation(合作)；D. consultation(咨询)。
4. [答案] [D][分析] 本题涉及词语搭配知识。
跟空格前后介词in/to可以搭配，且符合句意的选项为D。
该短语意为“答复，反应，回应”。
5. [答案] [A][分析] 本题考查考生对上下句句义的理解。
空格后as 引导的为原因状语，与in response to引导的原因状语并列，都是“孩子们犯罪”的原因，故答案为A。
6. [答案] [B][分析] 本题涉及词汇知识。
B. ignoring意为“忽视，不顾”带入后，上下句语义连贯，为正确答案。
C. highlighting意为“强调，突出”；D. discarding意为“抛弃”。
7. [答案] [C][分析] 本题涉及介词短语知识。
C. for lack of意为“由于缺少…”，符合句意，为正确答案。
8. [答案] [D][分析] 本题涉及形容词短语知识。
D. be subject to意为“受…支配；遭受…影响”，符合句意，为正确答案。
A. be immune to 意为“不易受…影响”。
2004年考研英语真题及答案
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试——英语试题及答案Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For questions 1 - 5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Geography of BelgiumThree main regions coastal plaincentral plateau1Highest altitude of the coastal plain m 2Climate near the sea humid3Particularly rainy months of the years April4Average temperatures in July in Brussels low 13 ℃high ℃ 5 Part BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)What is Saffo according to himself?The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies andThe Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future isTo succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious andWhat does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?678910Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11. What do we often do with the things we love?[A] Ask for their names.[B] Name babies after them.[C] Put down their names.[D] Choose names for them.12. The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if[A] the family tree is fairly limited.[B] the family tie is strong enough.[C] the name is commonly used.[D] nobody in the family complains.13. Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will[A] show the beauty of its own.[B] develop more associations.[C] lose the original meaning.[D] help form the baby’s personality.Questions 14 - 16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 - 16.14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?[A] 90.[B] 108.[C] 180.[D] 668.15. In 1964, Bobby Moore was made[A] England’s footballer of the year.[B] a soccer coach in West Germany.[C] a medalist for his sportsmanship.[D] a number of the Order of the British Empire.16. After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was[A] editing Sunday Sport.[B] working for Capital Radio.[C] managing professional soccer teams.[D] developing a sports marketing company.Questions 17 - 20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 - 20.17. Belfast has long been famous for its[A] oil refinery.[B] linen textiles.[C] food products.[D] deepwater port.20. What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?[A] French refugees arrived.[B] The harbor was destroyed.[C] Shipbuilding began to flourish.[D] The city was taken by the English.Section II Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also (33) ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21.[A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] cementing22.[A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because23. [A] interactions[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation24. [A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response25. [A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else26.[A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding27. [A] on[B] in[C] for[D] with28. [A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive[D] subject29. [A] affect[B] reduce[C] chock[D] reflect30. [A] point[B] lead[C] come[D] amount31. [A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length32. [A] case[B] short[C] turn[D] essence33. [A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken[D] experienced34. [A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D] simultaneously35. [A] than[B] that[C] which[D] as36. [A] system[B] structure[C] concept[D] heritage37. [A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible[D] incredible38. [A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability39. [A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure[D] popularity40. [A] provided[B] since[C] although[D] supposingSection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your mowers on ANSWER SNEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,’ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings canbe time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your crit eria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —— what you think you want to do ——then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs —— those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them ——and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he say s. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.41. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43. The expressio n “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means[A] advisory.[B] compensation.[C] interaction.[D] reminder.44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; an d 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest me n (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of atten tion to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48. The 4th paragraph suggests that[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students.[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight.49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting h er nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the s oftening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cl eveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happenin g in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or thr ee,” says john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Empl oyers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Ma nhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about.[A] gold market.[B] real estate.[C] stock exchange.[D] venture investment.54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A now boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athle tes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education ——not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficul t to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Razitch’s latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they areanything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rat e country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized —— going to school and learning to read —— so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of[A] undervaluing intellect.[B] favoring intellectualism.[C] supporting school reform.[D] suppressing native intelligence.59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably[A] a pioneer of education reform.[B] an opponent of intellectualism.[C] a scholar in favor of intellect.[D] an advocate of regular schooling.60. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages ,Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.Section ⅣWriting66. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the drawing.2) interpret its meaning, and.3) support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)。
北京科技大学计算机专业硕士生面试题---计算机类研究生面试试题
1 软件工程:如什么是软件危机,如何避免?软件危机(Software Crisis）是计算机软件在它的开发和维护过程中所遇到的一系列严重问题.概括地说，主要包含两方面的问题：如何开发软件，怎样满足对软件日益增长的需求;如何维护数量不断膨胀的已有软件。
为了克服这一危机，一方面需要对程序设计方法、程序的正确性和软件的可靠性等问题进行系列的研究;另一方面,也需要对软件的编制、测试、维护和管理的方法进行研究，从而产生了程序设计方法学。
软件危机的主要表现：1. 对软件开发成本和进度的估计常常很不准确.实际成本比估计成本有可能高出一个数量级，实际进度比预期进度拖延几个月甚至几年的现象并不罕见。
这种现象降低了开发组织的信誉.为赶进度和节约成本所采取的权宜之计往往又损害了软件产品的质量，从而不可避免地引起用户的不满。
2。
用户对“已完成的”软件系统不满意的现象经常发生。
软件开发人员常常在对用户需求只有模糊的了解，甚至对所要解决的问题还没有确切认识的情况下,就仓促上阵匆忙着手编写程序.软件开发人员和用户之间的交流往往很不充分,“闭门造车"必然导致最终产品不符合用户实际需要。
3. 软件产品的质量常常靠不住。
软件可靠性和质量保证的确切定量概念刚刚出现,软件质量保证技术（审查、复审和测试)还没有坚持不懈地应用到软件开发的全过程中，这些都会导致软件产品发生质量问题。
4. 软件常常是不可维护的。
程序中的错误很难改正，实际上不可能使这些程序适应新的硬件环境，也不能根据用户的需求在原有程序中增加新的功能。
5。
软件通常没有适当的文档资料。
软件不仅是程序，还应该有一整套文档资料.这些文档资料是在软件开发过程中产生出来的,而且应该是“最新的"（与代码完全一致）。
缺乏文档必然给软件的开发和维护带来许多严重的困难和问题.6。
软件成本在计算机系统总成本中所占比例逐年上升。
软件危机产生的原因是由于软件产品本身的特点以及开发软件的方式、方法、技术和人员引起的：2 网络：网卡作用？网卡也叫“网络适配器”，英文全称为“Network Interface Card"，简称“NIC"，网卡是局域网中最基本的部件之一，它是连接计算机与网络的硬件设备。
数据结构考研真题和答案
一、选择题1. 算法的计算量的大小称为计算的（B ）。
【北京邮电大学2000 二、3 （20/8分）】A．效率 B. 复杂性 C. 现实性 D. 难度2. 算法的时间复杂度取决于（C ）【中科院计算所1998 二、1 （2分）】A．问题的规模 B. 待处理数据的初态 C. A和B3.计算机算法指的是（C），它必须具备（B）这三个特性。
(1) A．计算方法 B. 排序方法 C. 解决问题的步骤序列D. 调度方法(2) A．可执行性、可移植性、可扩充性B. 可执行性、确定性、有穷性C. 确定性、有穷性、稳定性D. 易读性、稳定性、安全性【南京理工大学1999 一、1（2分）【武汉交通科技大学1996 一、1（4分）】4．一个算法应该是（B ）。
【中山大学1998 二、1（2分）】A．程序B．问题求解步骤的描述C．要满足五个基本特性D．A和C.5. 下面关于算法说法错误的是（ D ）【南京理工大学2000 一、1（1.5分）】A．算法最终必须由计算机程序实现B.为解决某问题的算法同为该问题编写的程序含义是相同的C. 算法的可行性是指指令不能有二义性D. 以上几个都是错误的6. 下面说法错误的是（ C ）【南京理工大学2000 一、2 （1.5分）】(1）算法原地工作的含义是指不需要任何额外的辅助空间（2）在相同的规模n下，复杂度O(n)的算法在时间上总是优于复杂度O(2n)的算法（3）所谓时间复杂度是指最坏情况下，估算算法执行时间的一个上界（4）同一个算法，实现语言的级别越高，执行效率就越低4 A．(1) B.(1),(2) C.(1),(4) D.(3)7．从逻辑上可以把数据结构分为（ C ）两大类。
【武汉交通科技大学1996 一、4（2分）】A．动态结构、静态结构B．顺序结构、链式结构C．线性结构、非线性结构D．初等结构、构造型结构8．以下与数据的存储结构无关的术语是（ D ）。
【北方交通大学2000二、1（2分）】A．循环队列 B. 链表 C. 哈希表 D.栈9．以下数据结构中，哪一个是线性结构（D ）？【北方交通大学2001 一、1（2分）】A．广义表 B. 二叉树 C. 稀疏矩阵 D. 串10．以下那一个术语与数据的存储结构无关？（ A ）【北方交通大学2001 一、2（2分）】A．栈 B. 哈希表 C. 线索树 D. 双向链表11．在下面的程序段中，对x的赋值语句的频度为（C ）【北京工商大学2001 一、10（3分）】FOR i:=1 TO n DOFOR j:=1 TO n DOx:=x+1;A．O(2n) B．O(n) C．O(n2) D．O(log2n)12．程序段FOR i:=n-1 DOWNTO 1 DOFOR j:=1 TO i DOIF A[j]>A[j+1]THEN A[j]与A[j+1]对换；其中n为正整数，则最后一行的语句频度在最坏情况下是（D ）A. O（n）B. O(nlogn)C. O(n3)D. O(n2) 【南京理工大学1998一、1(2分)】13．以下哪个数据结构不是多型数据类型（ D ）【中山大学1999 一、3（1分）】A．栈B．广义表C．有向图D．字符串14．以下数据结构中，（ A ）是非线性数据结构【中山大学1999 一、4】A．树B．字符串C．队D．栈15. 下列数据中，（C）是非线性数据结构。
2004年 软件试题
2004工程硕士学位研究生入学试题科目名称：软件基础第一部分数据结构一、单项选择题：（每题2分，共12分）1．入桟序列是a,b,c,d,e,则不可能的出桟序列是（）① edcba ② decba ③ dceab ④ abcde2．在一个单链表中，已知q↑结点是p↑结点的前驱结点，若在q↑和p↑之间插入s↑结点，则需执行以下哪组操作？（）① s↑.next:=p↑.next；p↑.next:=s；② p↑.next:=s↑.next；s↑.next:=p；③ q↑.next:=s；s↑.next:=p；④ p↑.next:=s；s↑.next＝q；3．广义表(()，())的表头和表尾分别为（）。
① ()，() ② ()，(()) ③ NIL, () ④ (), NIL4．在线索化二叉树中，结点p↑没有左子树的充要条件是：( )① p↑.lchild=NIL ② p↑.ltag=1③ p↑.ltag=1 AND p↑.lchild=NIL ④以上都不对5．已知某二叉树的后序遍历序列是dfgebca，中序遍历序列是dbfegac，它的前序遍历序列是（）① abdefgc ② dabecgf ③ abcdefg ④ dbegacf6. 设有10000个无序的元素，若希望最快的迭出前10个最大的元素，则（）算法最好①快速排序②归并排序③希尔排序④堆排序二、填空题：（每空2分，共 10 分）1．数据结构是研究数据的和物理结构以及它们之间的相互关系，并对这种结构定义相适应的，设计出相应的算法。
供选择的答案：（1）理想结构（2）抽象结构（3）物理结构（4）逻辑结构（5）结构（6）运算（7）算法（8）规则2．已知广义表A=（a，b,c），B=（A，A），C=（a，（b，A），d, B），求下列各运算的结果。
head（head（tail（B）））= 。
tail（head（tail（C）））= 。
3．设哈希表长m=13，哈希函数H（k）=k MOD 11。