2018年中国海洋大学翻译硕士英语初试真题
2018年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2018年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．emission trading正确答案：排放交易2．carrying capacity of environment正确答案：环境承载力3．doping control正确答案：兴奋剂检查4．undertake laps of honor正确答案：绕场一周向观众致意5．in red ink正确答案：处于赤字状态6．shale gas正确答案：页岩气7．think tank正确答案：智囊团8．nepotism正确答案：裙带关系9．carbon offset正确答案：碳补偿10．smart grid正确答案：智能电网11．balance of payment正确答案：收支平衡12．borrow short正确答案：借人短期资金13．desalination正确答案：(海水等)淡化14．agreement on ozone depletion正确答案：臭氧消耗协定15．context and register正确答案：语境与语域汉译英16．日益网络化的世界正确答案：an increasingly networked world 17．生产和盈利能力正确答案：productivity and profitability 18．极地涡旋正确答案：polar vortex19．海外同胞正确答案：overseas compatriots20．互相尊重领土主权和领土完整正确答案：mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity 21．错峰用电正确答案：off-peak power consumption22．中标正确答案：win the bid23．环保汽车正确答案：environment-friendly car24．无公害食品正确答案：pollution-free food25．应急预案正确答案：emergency response plan26．号脉正确答案：feel the pulse/check the pulse27．下不为例正确答案：not to be repeated28．人肉搜索正确答案：cyber manhunt29．媒体炒作正确答案：media hype30．违约正确答案：breach of contract英汉互译英译汉31．It seems as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all, at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and dispatch (津津有味且迅速) , stow a portion of victuals (食物) finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us. And it would seem also, on a hasty view, that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man’s contentious life. And yet, as regards the spirit, this is but a semblance. We live in an ascending scale where we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have. An aspiration is a joy for ever, a possession as solid as a landed estate, a fortune which we can never exhaust and which gives us year by year a revenue of pleasurable activity. To have many of these is to be spiritually rich. Life is only a very dull and ill-directed theatre unless we have some interests in the piece; and to those who have neither art nor science, the world is a mere arrangement of colors, or a rough footway where they may very well break their shins (胫骨) . It is in virtue of his own desires and curiosities that any man continues to exist with even patience, that he is charmed by the look of things and people, and that he wakens every morning with a renewed appetite for work and pleasure. Desire and curiosity are the two eyes through which he sees the world in the most enchanted colors: it is they that make women beautiful or fossils interesting: and the man may squander (挥霍) his estate and come to beggary, but if he keeps these two amulets (护身符) he is still rich in the possibilities of pleasure. Suppose he could take one meal so compact and comprehensive that he should never hunger any more; suppose him, at a glance, to take in all the features of the world and allay the desire for knowledge; suppose him to do the like in any province of experience-would not that man be in a poor way for amusement ever after?正确答案：人在这个世界上好像真可以大有作为，因为世间有那么多联姻婚嫁，决战厮杀，因为我们每日都按时急匆匆、乐滋滋地将一份食物一去不复返地塞入我们自己的皮囊。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）答案及解析参考答案：1-5：CADBD6-10：BCDBA11-15：BBACD16-20：ACBAC21-25：DCADB26-30：DABCA31-35：BCDDB36-40：BAACD41-45：EGABD46. 参考译文：在他出生之前，欧洲正在经历宗教戏剧的衰退，古典悲剧和喜剧催生了新的戏剧形式。
47. 参考译文：任何一个上过文法学校的男孩都知道戏剧是一种文学形式。
文学曾经给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，或许还可以给英格兰带来荣耀。
48.参考译文：但是，专业公司的永久剧场生意蒸蒸日上，怀揣文学野心的大学生也很快投靠到这些剧院，以写剧为生。
49. 参考译文：本土的文学戏剧就此诞生，并与大众剧院结缘，少说也引生了一些了不起的传统。
50.参考译文：要想认识当时戏剧活动的盛况，我们还需意识到大批剧本已然遗失，而且也许没有哪位知名剧作家的作品全然遗留至今。
51. 参考作文：Dear professors,I wonder if there is the possibility for you to come to my graduation at our university’s gymnasium at 7:00 pm next Saturday night.It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you. During the experiment, it is your generous help and constant encouragement that contributes to the success of the experiment. As I have been elected as the students’ representative, I will deliver a speech at the ceremony. I do wish you to be there to witness my growth and allow me to express my sincerest gratitude to you in person.I would like you to attend, so please let me know your decision.Yours faithfully,Li Ming 52. 参考作文：As is vividly depicted in the picture, sitting in front of a computer is a university student pondering over which kind of course he should choose: the courses creative, informative and difficult to pass or the easy and less-work-amount ones.The implication underlying this picture is rather thought-provoking: his confusion in fact mirrors hundreds of thousands of students’dilemmas. Nowadays, many students in universities or colleges are not sure of what they want and where they will go in the future. As a result, they easily become anxious and helpless when choices confront them.What should we do? In my opinion, the most important thing is having a goal. It is crucial for us college students to understand what we actually want and what kind of men we want to be. And then follow your heart. If you have the ambition to be an expert in some fields, you will naturally choose the courses that are creative, informative and progressive rather than courses oriented to students who want just to dip into it for fun or credit. Otherwise, if your focus is on honing your work skills or just feeding yourselves early and supporting your family, you can just choose whichever subject you would like to successfully graduate and then hunt for jobs or establish your own career.解析：1.【答案】[C] for【解析】考察介词的用法。
中国海洋大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案
中国海洋大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案中国海洋大学（回忆+原题）翻译硕士英语一、30道选择题，每个1分，前20题左右如果你是六级的水平，那么四个选项里有三个单词你是不熟悉的，这是单词关。
后10题左右都是常用语，比如___the count of three A.atB.onC.ofD.by。
二、阅读理解，共四篇，满分40分。
前两篇是ABCD，后两篇是Q&A，每篇文章都是5个小题，每小题2分。
第一篇，是讲心理历史学与普通历史学。
第二篇，是讲某个地方的旅游业发展。
第三篇，讲labor market problem的。
第四篇，讲interview的。
三、英语写作，400字。
nowadays，college and university students are required to work on什么groupproject，all the students get the same score,问你agree不agree，然后举例证明观点。
意思就是大学生实施分组制学习，组里所有同学分数都一样，好还是不好。
30分。
英语翻译基础一、英译汉：DNA FTP FAO GPS SCO GATT WSPA WIPO CAFTA UNHRC;Agent ad litem……二、汉译英：论语佛教收视率京剧脸谱温室效应电脑动画保税港区法人实体领土完整博鳌亚洲论坛空气污染指数和平共处五项原则黑社会性质的组织三、英译汉：<As China Rolls Ahead,Fear Follows>For nearly two years,China’s turbocharged economy has raced ahead with the aid of a huge government stimulus program and aggressive lending by state-run banks.But a growing number of economists now worry that China—the world’s fastest growing economy and a pillar of strength during the global financial crisis—could be stalled next year by soaring inflation,mounting government debt and asset bubbles.Two credit ratings agencies,Moody’s and Fitch Ratings,say China is still poised for growth,yet they have also recently warned about hidden risks in its banking system.Fitch even hinted at the possibility of another wave of nonperforming loans tied to the property market.In the late1990s and early this decade,the Chinese government was forced to bail out and recapitalize these same state-run banks because a soaring number of bad loans had left them nearly insolvent.Those banks are much stronger now,after a series of record public stock offerings in recent years that have raised billions of dollars from global investors.But last week,an analyst at the Royal Bank of Scotland advised clients to hedge against the risk that a flood of cash into China,coupled with soaring inflation, could result in a“day of reckoning.”A sharp slowdown in China,which is growing at an annual rate of about10percent, would be a serious blow to the global economy since China’s voracious demand for natural resources is helping to prop up growth in Asia and South America,even as the United States and the European Union struggle.And because China is a major holder of United States Treasury debt and a major destination for American investment in recent years,any slowdown would also hurt American companies.Aware of the risks,Beijing has moved recently to tame its domestic growth and rein in soaring food and housing prices by raising interest rates,tightening regulations on property sales and restricting lending.At the end of the Central Economic Work Conference,a high-level annual economic policy meeting that concluded on Sunday,Beijing promised to combat inflation andstabilize the economy.Those pledges came just days after the central bank ordered banks to set aside larger capital reserves in a bid to slow lending,the sixth time it has done so this year.And the government reported on Saturday that the consumer price index had climbed5.1percent in November,the sharpest rise in nearly three years.Analysts say more tightening measures are expected in the coming months but that the challenges are mounting.“There are so many moving pieces,”said Qu Hongbin,the chief China economist for HSBC in Hong Kong.“It wouldn’t be honest to say things aren’t complicated.”Optimists say China has been adept at steering the right economic course over the last decade,ramping up growth when needed and tamping it down when things get too hot.But this time,Beijing is not just struggling with inflation,it is also trying to restructure its economy away from dependence on exports and toward domestic consumption in the hopes of creating more balanced and sustainable growth,analysts say.China is also facing mounting international pressure to let its currency,the renminbi,rise in value.Some trading partners insist China is keeping its currency artificially low to give Chinese exporters a competitive advantage.Beijing contends that raising the value of its currency would hurt coastal factories that operate on thin profit margins,forcing them to lay off millions of workers. The most immediate challenge appears to be inflation,which some analysts say may be even more serious than the new figures suggest.Housing prices have skyrocketed. And prices for milk,vegetables and other foods have soared this year.“The money supply is too large,”said Andy Xie,an economist based in Shanghai who formerly worked at Morgan Stanley.“They increased the money supply to stimulate the economy.Now land prices have jumped20times in some places,100times in others. Inflation is broad-based.Go into a k is more expensive in Chinathan it is in the U.S.”In Shanghai,where the average monthly wage is about$350,a gallon of milk now costs about$5.50.Wages have also risen sharply this year in coastal provinces amid reports of labor shortages and worker demands for higher pay.Many analysts expect more wage increases next year.That may be good for workers,analysts say,but it will also change the dynamics of the Chinese economy and its export sector while contributing to higher inflation. Beijing is now under pressure to mop up excess liquidity after state banks went on a lending binge during the stimulus program that got under way in early2009.Analysts say a large portion of that lending was diverted to speculate in the property market. In addition to restricting lending at the big state banks,Beijing recently moved to close hundreds of underground banks and attempted to restrain local governments from borrowing to build huge infrastructure projects,some of which may be wasteful, according to analysts.Some economists say the real solution is for Beijing to privatize more industries and let the market play a bigger role.After the financial crisis hit,the state assumed more control over the economy.Now,state banks and big state-owned companies are reluctant to surrender control over industries where they have monopoly power,analysts say.“Inflation is not the most serious problem,”says Xu Xiaonian,a professor of economics at the China Europe International Business School in Shanghai.“The most fundamental problem we have to resolve is structural.We need more opening up and reform policies.Look at the state monopolies in education,health care,telecom and entertainment.We need to break those up.We need to create more jobs and make the economy more innovative.”Zhiwu Chen,a professor of finance at Yale,agrees.“The state economy and the local governments will be where the future problemsoccur,”Professor Chen said in an e-mail response to questions on Sunday.“They will be the sources of real troubles for the banks and the financial system.”Though no economist is forecasting the end to China’s decades-long bull run,many have turned more cautious.And Fitch Ratings recently released a study it conducted with the forecasting consultancy Oxford Economics that examined the effect a slowdown in China would have on the rest of the world.Fitch expects China’s economy to grow at an annual rate of8.6percent next year, down from about9.7percent this year.But the report,which was released a few weeks ago,said that if growth slowed to5percent,the economies of many other Asian nations would suffer seriously.Steel,energy and manufacturing industries around the world would also be hard hit,it said.Fitch analysts are careful not to forecast a sharp slowdown in China.But if one comes,they say,it is“most likely to stem from a combination of property crash and banking crisis.”（才思教育注：本文摘自The New York Times《纽约时报》）【才思教育·参考答案解析】差不多两年以来，动力十足的中国经济凭借一项庞大的政府刺激计划和国有银行激进的放贷举措，延续着高速增长的态势。
(NEW)中国海洋大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
![(NEW)中国海洋大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8a75da4b5ef7ba0d4b733b8f.png)
22. 扩大内需 【答案】expand domestic demand
23. 资本市场 【答案】capital market
24. 体育彩票 【答案】sports lottery
25. 外交惯例 【答案】diplomatic practice
26. 求同存异 【答案】put aside minor differences so as to seek common ground
2. IQ 【答案】智商（intelligence quotient）
3. CPI 【答案】消费物价指数（Consumer Price Index）
2018年中国海洋大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2018年中国海洋大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing 4. Diction 8. ProofreadingV ocabulary1．Some people are more______to depression during the winter because of reduced exposure to sunlight.A．infiniteB．perceptiveC．profoundD．susceptible正确答案：D解析：本题考查形容词辨析。
根据depression(抑郁)和reduced exposure to sunlight(日照减少)判断，受日照减少影响，有些人冬季更容易抑郁。
susceptible(易受影响的，敏感的)符合语义，故答案为[D]项。
infinite意为“(数量或程度)极大的；(空间或时间)无限的”。
perceptive意为“观察敏锐的，洞察力强的”。
profound 意为“(影响)深远的；(感情)强烈的”。
2．By studying obscure demographic and economic______, he deduced that the Soviets were in crisis—and spending a far bigger slice of its national income on defense than anyone had suspected.A．dataB．maniaC．nostalgiaD．severity正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词辨析。
根据studying．．．demographic and economic和deduced判断，“苏联正处于危机之中”是通过研究人口和经济数据推断出的结果，data(尤指可用于分析的资料，数据)符合语义，故答案为[A]项。
2018年考研英语一真题及答案解析
2018年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering —have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but iteventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for ourjobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists’ biased reporting[C] readers’ misinterpretation[D] journalists’ made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start byacknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave asa big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-i nterested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finallyagreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41. à Cà42. à43. à F à44 à 45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extra ordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius totriumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题及答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plasticc ontainer. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. [A] from [B] for [C] like [D] on2. [A] attention [B] concern [C] faith [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] price [C] debt [D] hope4. [A] Again [B] Instead [C] Therefore [D] Then5. [A] When [B] Unless [C] Although [D] Until6. [A] selects [B] applies [C] produces [D] maintains7. [A] connect [B] compete [C] consult [D] compare8. [A] at [B] to [C]of [D] by9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Odd [B] Funny [C] Lucky [D] Ironic12.[A] protect [B] delight [C] surprise [D] monitor13.[A] over [B] within [C] toward [D] between14.[A] added [B] transferred [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] inside [C] around [D] back16.[A] remembered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] discovered17.[A] fooled [B]wronged [C] betrayed [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] For instance [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] In contrast20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filte red through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. Theycross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personalresponsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exagger ation of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at B arna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists’ biased reporting[C] readers’ misinterpreta tion[D] journalists’ made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exertself-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Servi ce afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not,however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns.The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41. à Cà42. à 43. à F à 44 à 45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramaticentertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points) Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address .(10 points)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
2018年山东省中国海洋大学综合英语考研真题A卷
2018年山东省中国海洋大学综合英语考研真题A卷第一部分：语言学(90分)I.Define the following e examples where necessary.(共10题，每题2分，共20分)1.morpheme2.meronymy3.sentence meaning4.performatives5.consonants6.syntax7.entailment8.concord9.pragmatics10.syntagmatic relationII.Describe the following sound segments in English.(共5题，每题2分，共10分)1.[n]2.[f]3.[e]4.[j]5.[A]Ⅲ.True or False questions.Write T for true statements and F for false ones.(共10题，每题1分，共10分)()1.In the phonemic approach to phonology,linguists faced with an array of soundsusuallyuse the three criteria,i.e.,complementary distribution,phonetic similarity and free variation in deciding whether these sounds belong to the same morpheme.()2.Speech Act Theory is launched by the Oxford philosopher John L.Austin whose posthumous work How to Do Things with Words(1962)has an enormous impact on linguistic philosophy,and thereby on linguistics,especially in its pragmaticvariant.()3.Whenpeoplespeakingdifferentlanguagescometogetherforacommon purpose,for instance,business,education or international affairs,they may need to agree on speaking a common language so that they could understand each other.The language chosen,then,is called a lingua franca.()4.Style is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to varieties according to use,and is analyzed on three dimensions:field of discourse,mode of discourse andtenor of discourse()5.Psycholinguistics is principally an integration of the fields of psychology and linguistics,and is the study of how individuals comprehend,produce,acquire,storeand retrieve language.()6.Single wordsandcompletesentencesare notconstituents.()7.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthat presupposition,unlike entailment,is not vulnerable to negation.That is to say, if asentence is neglected,the original presupposition is still true.()8.Pairsofwordslikebuy-sellandlend-borrowbelongtocomplementary antonymy.()9.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.()10.Sociolinguistics is interested in terms of“address”because they offer some socio-cultural information about the type of relationship between the speaker and hearer.IV.Multiple Choice.(共10题，每题1分，共10分)1.Of the three cavities.is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds.A.nasal cavityB.pharynx cavityC.oral cavityD.lung cavity2.A speaker may change from one language(varieties of language)to another according to his subject matter,the required formality and other factors in the course of communication.This linguistic behavior is referred to asA.bilingualismB.code-switchingC.dialectD.register3.is one of the suprasegmental features.A.StopB.VoicingC.DeletionD.Tone4.Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription withA.diacriticsB.distinctive features C(.voicing D.articulation5.In P.Grice's Cooperative Principle,the maxim of means that you shouldmake our contribution one that is true when you are talking with someone.A.qualityB.quantityC.relevanceD.manner6.Which of the following consonants does not exist in English?A.dental stopB.bilabial stopC.alveolar stopD.velar stop7.Inthe construction,there are more than one head which are all of equal syntactic status and no one is dependent on the other.A.endocentricB.exocentric1C.subordinateD.coordinate8.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to,or stands for.is known as the theory.A.integratedB.sense relationsC.propositional logicD.referential9.Ogden and Richards propose a theory that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct,but it is mediated byA.triangleB.conceptC.meaningD.relation10.Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language.This variety of individual users is calledA.social dialectB.regional dialectC.temporal dialectD.idiolectV.Draw labeled tree diagrams for the following constructions.(共2题，每题5分，共10分)1.in the forest2.The girl wears a red scarf.VI.Answer the following questions briefly.(共2题，每题5分，共10分)1.In what way do we say English is an inflectional language?2.Study the pronunciation of the plural forms of the following nouns in each group and discuss the rules that govern them.a)tables,beds,pillows,sofasb)seats,bunks,cups,quiltsc)benches,bridges,mattresses,casesVⅡI.Discuss the following questions as comprehensively as possible,giving examples if necessary.(共2题，每题10分，共20分)nguage has several basic functions and metafunctions.Discuss them.2.If Aristotle had spoken Chinese,his logic would have been different.Give your comment on the statement.第二部分：文学(60分)I.Term Definition.(共4题，每题5分，共20分)1.Harold Pinter2.King Lear3.Beat Writers4.Local ColoristⅡI.Answer the following questions briefly.(共2题，每题10分，共20分)1.What are the differences between Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson?2.In what ways is Charles Dickens defined as a critical realist?ⅢI.Short Essay Construction.(共20分)Read the following sonnet and make comments on it in about300words.When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,I all alone beweep my outcast state,And trouble deaf Heaven with my bootless cries,And look upon myself,and curse my fate,Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Featured like him,like him with friends possessed,Desiring this man's art,and that man's scope,With what I most enjoy contented least:Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,Haply I think on thee,—and then my state(Like to the lark at break of day arisingFrom sullen earth)sings hymns at heaven's gate;For thy sweet love remembered such wealth bringsThat then I scorn to change my state with kings'.。
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第一部分：211 翻译硕士英语
一、20 道选择题； 二、完形填空，是专四新题型； 三、改错，专八题型； 四、四篇客观题阅读理解，一篇主观阅读理解 五、作文：In what ways that technology changes the interpersonal relationship of people? Is it a positive or negative development?
凯程葛老师提醒 2019 备考生，翻译硕士英语 211 中国海洋大学考察的知识点较为常规，考 生要在这部分尽量少丢分，多拿分！
第二部分：35ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ 英语翻译基础
一、30 个词条互译 汉译英： 日益网络化的世界 生产和收益能力 人肉搜索 中标 环保汽车 无公害食品 号脉 极地漩涡 相互尊重主权和领土完整 应急预案 违约 媒体炒作 下不为例 错峰用电 海外同胞 英译汉： Shale gas Smart grid Doping control emission trade.
Ozone deplete agreement in red ink borrow short desalination nepotism thin tank Carbon offset environment carrying capacity Context and register Undertake laps of honor
二、英译汉
It seems as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all, at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and despatch, stow a portion of victuals finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us. And it would seem also on a hasty view that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man’s contentious life. And yet as regards the spirit this is but a semblance.
三、汉译英是翻译的“化境”。
凯程葛老师收集到部分报考 2018 中国海洋大学同学的初试情况，有同学说复习的知识 点没有考到，考到的知识点复习不到位。这里的原因一方面是因为努力程度不够，另一方 面是没有掌握中国海洋大学翻译硕士考研的出题规律及重难点知识考察。中国海洋大学考 察的内容难度还是比较高的。希望同学们熟读中国海洋大学考试大纲，重视对中西方文化 的积累以及思考。
第三部分、448 汉语写作与百科知识
一、选择题 希腊神话，文艺复兴，庄子，人工智能，第三方支付，自由贸易区，
二、填空题 和数字五和六有关，五体投地，六亲不认，隋唐的六部制，造字六法，身怀六甲，十句古 诗 三、作文是选择，写一篇 800 字议论文
凯程葛老师提醒 2019 备考生：中积累，推荐多品读西方文化史，中国古代文化，时 代热词等相关的书籍。对于最后的作文，也要重视对素材的积累和记忆，建议大家多看看 南方周末的评论文。